Article(id=1241356320834638384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241356311292605058, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230702, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1699977600000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1705939200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-01-23, onlineDate=1773892010171, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1712160000000, pubDateStr=2024-04-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773892010171, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773892010171, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773892010171, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241356311292605058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='4', pageStart='981', pageEnd='1321', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773892007897, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773892637358, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241358951523087136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241356311292605058, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241358951523087137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241356311292605058, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1289, endPage=1305, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241356321174377033, articleId=1241356320834638384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=CfATG6 andCfATG14 regulate the autophagy and pathogenicity ofColletotrichum fructicola, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] Anthracnose is a major disease attackingCamellia oleifera plants.Colletotrichum fructicola with a wide distribution scope and a high isolation rate is the major pathogen causing anthracnose inC.oleifera. This study explored the roles of autophagy-related proteins CfAtg6 and CfAtg14 and the molecular mechanism for the pathogenicity ofC.fructicola, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of anthracnose inC.oleifera. [Methods] The homologous recombination principle and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transformation method were employed to construct the gene-deleted strains ΔCfATG6 and ΔCfATG14 and the complemented strains ΔCfatg6-C and ΔCfatg14-C. [Results] The yeast two-hybrid assay results showed that ΔCfatg6 and ΔCfatg14 might interact with each other. Compared with the wild type and complemented strains, ΔCfatg6 and ΔCfatg14 demonstrated significantly slow vegetative growth, and their appressorium formation rates were only 5% and 18% that of the wide type. In addition, ΔCfatg6 and ΔCfatg14 showed significantly weakened pathogenicity, causing the lesion areas only 1/3 of the wild type and complemented strains onC.oleifera leaves. In addition, ΔCfatg6 and ΔCfatg14 lost the ability of transporting and degrading CfAtg8 protein and became more sensitive to the cell wall stress. The conidium production of ΔCfatg6 decreased significantly, being only 20% that of wild type. The inhibition rate of hydrogen peroxide on the growth of the deleted strains was 10% higher than those on the wild type and complemented strains. ΔCfatg14 showed increased sensitivity to dithiothreitol stress. [Conclusion] The autophagy-related genesCfATG6 andCfATG14 are involved in the regulation of the growth, autophagy, and pathogenicity ofC.fructicola.

, correspAuthors=He LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*LI He, E-mail:
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【目的】炭疽病是油茶的主要病害,由刺盘孢属的多种真菌引起,其中果生刺盘孢分布范围最广、分离率最高,是油茶炭疽病的主要致病菌。研究自噬相关蛋白CfAtg6和CfAtg14的生物学功能,为进一步揭示果生刺盘孢通过细胞自噬调控致病的分子机制,并为油茶炭疽病的防治提供理论基础。【方法】根据同源重组原理,通过聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol, PEG)介导的方法,在果生刺盘孢中敲除基因CfATG6CfATG14,并进一步获得回补菌株ΔCfatg6-C和ΔCfatg14-C【结果】酵母双杂交试验结果显示,果生刺盘孢蛋白CfAtg6和CfAtg14可能存在互作关系。生物学表型测定结果表明,相较于野生型和回补菌株,突变体ΔCfatg6和ΔCfatg14均表现出营养生长速率显著减慢,附着胞形成率分别只有野生型的5%和18%;突变体ΔCfatg6和ΔCfatg14致病力均极显著减弱,造成的油茶叶片病斑面积少于野生型和回补菌株的1/3;CfATG6CfATG14基因缺失突变体均丧失转运和降解CfAtg8蛋白的能力,并对细胞壁胁迫更敏感。突变体ΔCfatg6的分生孢子产量显著降低,仅为野生型的20%左右;氧化胁迫试验结果表明,相较于野生型和回补菌株,过氧化氢对突变体的生长抑制率升高10%左右。内质网压力胁迫试验表明,ΔCfatg14对二硫苏糖醇抑制率升高5%以上。【结论】自噬相关基因CfATG6CfATG14参与调控了果生刺盘孢生长发育、细胞自噬和致病力。

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Changsha: Doctoral Dissertation of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2018 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241444651643753294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=20, issue=1, pageStart=94, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=BMC Genetics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG SP, GUO Y, LI SZ, ZHOU GY, LIU JN, XU JP, LI H.Functional analysis of CfSnf1 in the development and pathogenicity of anthracnose fungusColletotrichum fructicola on tea-oil tree[J].BMC Genetics,2019,20(1):94., articleTitle=Functional analysis of CfSnf1 in the development and pathogenicity of anthracnose fungusColletotrichum fructicola on tea-oil tree, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241444651710862161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=42, issue=9, pageStart=e112634, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=The EMBO Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG N, LV FJ, QIU FH, HAN DH, XU Y, LIANG WX.Pathogenic fungi neutralize plant-derived ROSvia Srpk1 deacetylation[J].The EMBO Journal,2023,42(9):e112634., articleTitle=Pathogenic fungi neutralize plant-derived ROSvia Srpk1 deacetylation, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241444642277872242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, awardId=32071765, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071765), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241444642428867192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, awardId=32071765, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(32071765), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241444633427890492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241444633436279100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, companyId=1241444633427890492, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241444633444667709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, companyId=1241444633427890492, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中南林业科技大学 南方人工林病虫害防控国家林业和草原局重点实验室 森林有害生物防控湖南省重点实验室 森林生物资源与有害生物综合管理湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室, 湖南 长沙 410004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241444637479588290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Yeast two hybrid assays between CfAtg6 and CfAtg14., figureFileSmall=ia5/A5N0zE6r9hphYPK10Q==, figureFileBig=3ziUJOKOlOe4CtVrV1Hw/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444637618000331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=CN, label=图1, caption=酵母双杂交试验分析CfAtg6与CfAtg14之间的相互作用, figureFileSmall=ia5/A5N0zE6r9hphYPK10Q==, figureFileBig=3ziUJOKOlOe4CtVrV1Hw/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444637756412372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Acquisition of the ΔCfatg6, ΔCfatg14 mutants ofColletotrichum fructicola. A: The ΔCfatg6, ΔCfatg14 mutant knockout strategy diagram. B: The confirmation of ΔCfatg6 mutants. Primer 1: CfAtg6-5F/H855R; Primer 2: CfAtg6-7F/CfAtg6-8R. C: The confirmation of ΔCfatg14 mutants. Primer 1: CfAtg14-5F/H855R; Primer 2: CfAtg14-7F/CfAtg14-8R; M: DL2000 DNA marker; W: CFLH16 positive control. Δ: Mutant. C: Complemented strain; −: Negative control., figureFileSmall=cJT1RVZ4vwwXJwgarSBYmA==, figureFileBig=L8jrc8lgxUVIYqDdGM8NNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444637894824411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=CN, label=图2, caption=ΔCfatg6、ΔCfatg14突变体的获得, figureFileSmall=cJT1RVZ4vwwXJwgarSBYmA==, figureFileBig=L8jrc8lgxUVIYqDdGM8NNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638058402275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Growth analysis of different strain.

A: Statistical analysis of CFLH16, ΔCfatg6 mutant, and ΔCfatg6-C diameter. B: Statistical analysis of CFLH16, ΔCfatg14 mutant, and ΔCfatg14-C diameter. Error bars are standard deviation and ** represent extremely significance atP < 0.01.

, figureFileSmall=o51nWaDCc1bLm/Vx/8kHoQ==, figureFileBig=HkW4WCZNTNMqDt1lfZb7eA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638171648488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同菌株的生长测定试验

A:CFLH16、ΔCfatg6和ΔCfatg6-C生长统计分析. B:CFLH16、ΔCfatg14和ΔCfatg14-C生长统计分析. **表示差异极显著(P < 0.01)

, figureFileSmall=o51nWaDCc1bLm/Vx/8kHoQ==, figureFileBig=HkW4WCZNTNMqDt1lfZb7eA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638284894701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Conidiation production statistics of ΔCfatg6. Asterisks indicate the difference is significant (P < 0.01)., figureFileSmall=YiZqekvS3EZoirqZkQUauw==, figureFileBig=hppoa9t3wStktycZ9Toiqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638431695350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=CN, label=图4, caption=ΔCfatg6分生孢子产量统计分析, figureFileSmall=YiZqekvS3EZoirqZkQUauw==, figureFileBig=hppoa9t3wStktycZ9Toiqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638561718783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=The statistical analysis of appressorium. A: The mutant ΔCfatg6 can form a small amount of appressorium. B: The conidia of CFLH16, ΔCfatg14, ΔCfatg14-C strains were cultured on hydrophobic glasses and appressoria formation were observed. C: Statistical analysis of the appressorial formation rate of the mutant ΔCfatg6. D: Statistical analysis of the appressorial formation rate of the mutant ΔCfatg14. Asterisks indicate the difference is significant (P < 0.01). Bars=5 μm., figureFileSmall=1DMnfFCz3cYkkLbUh8KHyQ==, figureFileBig=5reMnQbxNdAh9vQlHjZbUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638767239688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=CN, label=图5, caption=附着胞统计分析, figureFileSmall=1DMnfFCz3cYkkLbUh8KHyQ==, figureFileBig=5reMnQbxNdAh9vQlHjZbUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638939206160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Cell wall stress sensitivity test. A: Statistical analysis of the inhibition rate of the related strains of the mutant ΔCfatg6. B: Statistical analysis of the inhibition rate of the related strains of the mutant ΔCfatg14. Asterisks indicate the difference is significant (P < 0.01)., figureFileSmall=9PZ5x5Aw8yqKNuU/6wWPng==, figureFileBig=easPUXQkUejzXkYkfQ87iA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444639186670103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=CN, label=图6, caption=细胞壁胁迫的敏感性测定, figureFileSmall=9PZ5x5Aw8yqKNuU/6wWPng==, figureFileBig=easPUXQkUejzXkYkfQ87iA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444639308304925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Oxygen stress sensitivity test of ΔCfatg6, ΔCfatg14. A: Statistical analysis of the inhibition rate of the related strains of the mutant ΔCfatg6. B: Statistical analysis of the inhibition rate of the related strains of the mutant ΔCfatg14. Asterisks indicate the difference is significant (P < 0.01)., figureFileSmall=v1nxpWyEp14fGxEHltbw5A==, figureFileBig=eOpZz+tKpLi3jehT/yQOgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444639501242923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=CN, label=图7, caption=ΔCfatg6ΔCfatg14对氧化胁迫的敏感性测定, figureFileSmall=v1nxpWyEp14fGxEHltbw5A==, figureFileBig=eOpZz+tKpLi3jehT/yQOgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444639639654961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=DTT stress sensitivity test of gene-deletion mutants. A: Statistical analysis of the inhibition rate of the related strains of the mutant ΔCfatg6. B: Statistical analysis of the inhibition rate of the related strains of the mutant ΔCfatg14. Asterisks indicate the difference is significant (P < 0.01)., figureFileSmall=CEA7hyHHKUFop8NUSwE7JA==, figureFileBig=gAQX+wb+3Wt8WIv7iG99YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444639794844218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=CN, label=图8, caption=基因缺失突变体对DTT的敏感性测定, figureFileSmall=CEA7hyHHKUFop8NUSwE7JA==, figureFileBig=gAQX+wb+3Wt8WIv7iG99YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444639966810690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Testing of mutant ΔCfatg6 and ΔCfatg14 pathogenicity. A: WoundedCamellia oleifera leaves were inoculated with mycelial plugs of CFLH16, ΔCfatg6 and ΔCfatg6-C. B: UnwoundedC.oleifera leaves were inoculated with mycelial plugs of CFLH16, ΔCfatg6 and ΔCfatg6-C. C: Statistical analysis of lesion area on woundedC.oleifera of the mutant ΔCfatg6. D: Statistical analysis of lesion area on unwoundedC.oleifera of the mutant ΔCfatg6. E: WoundedCamellia oleifera leaves were inoculated with mycelial plugs of CFLH16, ΔCfatg14 and ΔCfatg14-C. F: UnwoundedC.oleifera leaves were inoculated with mycelial plugs of CFLH16, ΔCfatg14 and ΔCfatg14-C. G: Statistical analysis on the difference of lesion area on woundedC.oleifera of the mutant ΔCfatg14. H: Statistical analysis on the difference of lesion area on unwoundedC.oleifera of the mutant ΔCfatg14. I: The apples were inoculated with mycelial plugs of CFLH16, ΔCfatg6 and ΔCfatg6-C. J: Statistical analysis of disease lesion size on apple of the mutant ΔCfatg6. K: The apples were inoculated with mycelial plugs of CFLH16, ΔCfatg14 and ΔCfatg14-C. L: Statistical analysis of disease lesion size on apple of the mutant ΔCfatg14. Asterisks indicate the difference is significant (P < 0.01)., figureFileSmall=/MTWu+rLm7GpSwMoHOFpow==, figureFileBig=0eEpRWKHe6SI3/5DT1aWvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444640134582860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=CN, label=图9, caption=突变体ΔCfatg6、ΔCfatg14的致病力测定, figureFileSmall=/MTWu+rLm7GpSwMoHOFpow==, figureFileBig=0eEpRWKHe6SI3/5DT1aWvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444641610977873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=EN, label=Figure 10, caption=CfATG6,CfATG14 positive regulates autophagy. A: The CFLH16 and ΔCfatg6 mutant strains, transformed with GFP-CfAtg8, were incubated in MM-N for 4 h. Then, the autophagy was observed with a microscope. B: The CFLH16 and ΔCfatg14 mutant strains, transformed with GFP-CfAtg8, were incubated in MM-N for 4 h. C: Immunoblot analysis of GFP-CfAtg8 proteolysis in CFLH16 and ΔCfatg6. The upper and lower lanes point to the intact GFP-CfAtg8 (46 kDa) and free GFP (26 kDa), respectively. D: The level of autophagy was estimated by calculating the amount of free GFP relative to the total amount of intact GFP-CfAtg8 plus free GFP of CFLH16 and ΔCfatg6. E: Immunoblot analysis of GFP-CfAtg8 proteolysis in CFLH16 and ΔCfatg14. F: The level of autophagy of CFLH16 and ΔCfatg14. Bars=5 μm. Error bars represent the standard deviation with three replicates, and different letters represent statistically significant differences (P < 0.01)., figureFileSmall=I7bEF4VRH3SeK5w/Nx25WA==, figureFileBig=g7HkJGBAD6ReIjFGUHlTMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444641724224088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=CN, label=图10, caption=CfATG6CfATG14正调控自噬, figureFileSmall=I7bEF4VRH3SeK5w/Nx25WA==, figureFileBig=g7HkJGBAD6ReIjFGUHlTMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444641904579166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PrimerSequence (5′→3′)Purpose
CfAtg6-1FTACTTGATAGACTCGGGCGTAmplifyCfATG6 5′ flank sequence
CfAtg6-2RTTGACCTCCACTAGCTCCAGCCAAGCCCGTATCGTTGCGCGCATGCT
CfAtg6-3FCAAAGGAATAGAGTAGATGCCGACCGGTGTGACGCTCACTGCCTTCAmplifyCfATG6 3′ flank sequence
CfAtg6-4RACCTCCTCGTAGCTAACCGT
CfAtg6-5FGACTTGACAGTCGCTGCTCTValidation ofCfATG6 gene deletion
H855RGCTGATCTGACCAGTTGC
CfAtg6-7FCAAGGCTGGTTCAAAAGGCCAGGAAmplifyCfATG6 gene sequence
CfAtg6-8RCATATCGAACGATCTTGGAGGTGC
CfAtg6-9FACTCACTATAGGGCGAATTGGGTACTCAAATTGGTTGATCTCCAGTCGATGTTGGTAmplify complemented sequence
CfAtg6-10RCACCACCCCGGTGAACAGCTCCTCGCCCTTGCTCACGTTGTTGGCATTTCTTGCTG
HYG-FGGCTTGGCTCCAGCTAGTGGAGGTAmplifyHPH sequence
HYG-RCTCTATTCCTTTGCCCTCG
GFPRGACACGCTGAACTTGTGGCCGTTValidation of complemented sequenced
CfAtg14-1FCTAGATGCATGGTCAGTTGGAmplifyCfATG14 5′ flank sequence
CfAtg14-2RTTGACCTCCACTAGCTCCAGCCAAGCCCTTGGCGGCATGCGGCGAGT
CfAtg14-3FCAAAGGAATAGAGTAGATGCCGACCGTCTAACAAAGAAATGAAACAAmplifyCfATG14 3′ flank sequence
CfAtg14-4RTACCAACGTCTTCACCGTCA
CfAtg14-5FGACTGCACGCTCATTGTCATValidation ofCfATG14 gene deletion
H855RGCTGATCTGACCAGTTGC
CfAtg14-7FGCTAAAGCGGGAAATCGCTGAmplifyCfATG14 gene sequence
CfAtg14-8RAAGAGCGAATGCGTGACAGA
CfAtg14-9FACTCACTATAGGGCGAATTGGGTACTCAAATTGGTTTGGGACTTCTGGTCGTTTGTAmplify complemented sequence
CfAtg14-10RCACCACCCCGGTGAACAGCTCCTCGCCCTTGCTCACCCTGTTCTTCAGCTTCGTCC
CfAtg6-AD-FTGGGCATCGATACGGGATCATGTACTGCCAAAAGTGTCGConstruct pGADT7-CfAtg6
CfAtg6-AD-RTGCAGCTCGAGCTCGATGGATCCTTAGTTGTTGGCATTTCTTG
CfAtg14-BD-FAGGCCGAATTCCCGGGGATCATGAACTGCGACATTTGCCAConstruct pGBKT7-CfAtg14
CfAtg14-BD-RCGCTGCAGGTCGACGGATCC TTACCTGTTCTTCAGCTTCG
), ArticleFig(id=1241444642022019687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320834638384, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PrimerSequence (5′→3′)Purpose
CfAtg6-1FTACTTGATAGACTCGGGCGTAmplifyCfATG6 5′ flank sequence
CfAtg6-2RTTGACCTCCACTAGCTCCAGCCAAGCCCGTATCGTTGCGCGCATGCT
CfAtg6-3FCAAAGGAATAGAGTAGATGCCGACCGGTGTGACGCTCACTGCCTTCAmplifyCfATG6 3′ flank sequence
CfAtg6-4RACCTCCTCGTAGCTAACCGT
CfAtg6-5FGACTTGACAGTCGCTGCTCTValidation ofCfATG6 gene deletion
H855RGCTGATCTGACCAGTTGC
CfAtg6-7FCAAGGCTGGTTCAAAAGGCCAGGAAmplifyCfATG6 gene sequence
CfAtg6-8RCATATCGAACGATCTTGGAGGTGC
CfAtg6-9FACTCACTATAGGGCGAATTGGGTACTCAAATTGGTTGATCTCCAGTCGATGTTGGTAmplify complemented sequence
CfAtg6-10RCACCACCCCGGTGAACAGCTCCTCGCCCTTGCTCACGTTGTTGGCATTTCTTGCTG
HYG-FGGCTTGGCTCCAGCTAGTGGAGGTAmplifyHPH sequence
HYG-RCTCTATTCCTTTGCCCTCG
GFPRGACACGCTGAACTTGTGGCCGTTValidation of complemented sequenced
CfAtg14-1FCTAGATGCATGGTCAGTTGGAmplifyCfATG14 5′ flank sequence
CfAtg14-2RTTGACCTCCACTAGCTCCAGCCAAGCCCTTGGCGGCATGCGGCGAGT
CfAtg14-3FCAAAGGAATAGAGTAGATGCCGACCGTCTAACAAAGAAATGAAACAAmplifyCfATG14 3′ flank sequence
CfAtg14-4RTACCAACGTCTTCACCGTCA
CfAtg14-5FGACTGCACGCTCATTGTCATValidation ofCfATG14 gene deletion
H855RGCTGATCTGACCAGTTGC
CfAtg14-7FGCTAAAGCGGGAAATCGCTGAmplifyCfATG14 gene sequence
CfAtg14-8RAAGAGCGAATGCGTGACAGA
CfAtg14-9FACTCACTATAGGGCGAATTGGGTACTCAAATTGGTTTGGGACTTCTGGTCGTTTGTAmplify complemented sequence
CfAtg14-10RCACCACCCCGGTGAACAGCTCCTCGCCCTTGCTCACCCTGTTCTTCAGCTTCGTCC
CfAtg6-AD-FTGGGCATCGATACGGGATCATGTACTGCCAAAAGTGTCGConstruct pGADT7-CfAtg6
CfAtg6-AD-RTGCAGCTCGAGCTCGATGGATCCTTAGTTGTTGGCATTTCTTG
CfAtg14-BD-FAGGCCGAATTCCCGGGGATCATGAACTGCGACATTTGCCAConstruct pGBKT7-CfAtg14
CfAtg14-BD-RCGCTGCAGGTCGACGGATCC TTACCTGTTCTTCAGCTTCG
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基因CfATG6CfATG14参与调控果生刺盘孢细胞自噬和致病力
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姚权 , 李河 *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(4): 1289-1305
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(4): 1289-1305
基因CfATG6CfATG14参与调控果生刺盘孢细胞自噬和致病力
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姚权, 李河*
作者信息
  • 中南林业科技大学 南方人工林病虫害防控国家林业和草原局重点实验室 森林有害生物防控湖南省重点实验室 森林生物资源与有害生物综合管理湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室, 湖南 长沙 410004
CfATG6 andCfATG14 regulate the autophagy and pathogenicity ofColletotrichum fructicola
Quan YAO, He LI*
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2024-04-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230702
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【目的】炭疽病是油茶的主要病害,由刺盘孢属的多种真菌引起,其中果生刺盘孢分布范围最广、分离率最高,是油茶炭疽病的主要致病菌。研究自噬相关蛋白CfAtg6和CfAtg14的生物学功能,为进一步揭示果生刺盘孢通过细胞自噬调控致病的分子机制,并为油茶炭疽病的防治提供理论基础。【方法】根据同源重组原理,通过聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol, PEG)介导的方法,在果生刺盘孢中敲除基因CfATG6CfATG14,并进一步获得回补菌株ΔCfatg6-C和ΔCfatg14-C【结果】酵母双杂交试验结果显示,果生刺盘孢蛋白CfAtg6和CfAtg14可能存在互作关系。生物学表型测定结果表明,相较于野生型和回补菌株,突变体ΔCfatg6和ΔCfatg14均表现出营养生长速率显著减慢,附着胞形成率分别只有野生型的5%和18%;突变体ΔCfatg6和ΔCfatg14致病力均极显著减弱,造成的油茶叶片病斑面积少于野生型和回补菌株的1/3;CfATG6CfATG14基因缺失突变体均丧失转运和降解CfAtg8蛋白的能力,并对细胞壁胁迫更敏感。突变体ΔCfatg6的分生孢子产量显著降低,仅为野生型的20%左右;氧化胁迫试验结果表明,相较于野生型和回补菌株,过氧化氢对突变体的生长抑制率升高10%左右。内质网压力胁迫试验表明,ΔCfatg14对二硫苏糖醇抑制率升高5%以上。【结论】自噬相关基因CfATG6CfATG14参与调控了果生刺盘孢生长发育、细胞自噬和致病力。

果生刺盘孢  /  细胞自噬  /  CfATG6  /  CfATG14  /  致病力

[Objective] Anthracnose is a major disease attackingCamellia oleifera plants.Colletotrichum fructicola with a wide distribution scope and a high isolation rate is the major pathogen causing anthracnose inC.oleifera. This study explored the roles of autophagy-related proteins CfAtg6 and CfAtg14 and the molecular mechanism for the pathogenicity ofC.fructicola, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of anthracnose inC.oleifera. [Methods] The homologous recombination principle and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transformation method were employed to construct the gene-deleted strains ΔCfATG6 and ΔCfATG14 and the complemented strains ΔCfatg6-C and ΔCfatg14-C. [Results] The yeast two-hybrid assay results showed that ΔCfatg6 and ΔCfatg14 might interact with each other. Compared with the wild type and complemented strains, ΔCfatg6 and ΔCfatg14 demonstrated significantly slow vegetative growth, and their appressorium formation rates were only 5% and 18% that of the wide type. In addition, ΔCfatg6 and ΔCfatg14 showed significantly weakened pathogenicity, causing the lesion areas only 1/3 of the wild type and complemented strains onC.oleifera leaves. In addition, ΔCfatg6 and ΔCfatg14 lost the ability of transporting and degrading CfAtg8 protein and became more sensitive to the cell wall stress. The conidium production of ΔCfatg6 decreased significantly, being only 20% that of wild type. The inhibition rate of hydrogen peroxide on the growth of the deleted strains was 10% higher than those on the wild type and complemented strains. ΔCfatg14 showed increased sensitivity to dithiothreitol stress. [Conclusion] The autophagy-related genesCfATG6 andCfATG14 are involved in the regulation of the growth, autophagy, and pathogenicity ofC.fructicola.

Colletotrichum fructicola  /  autophagy  /  CfATG6  /  CfATG14  /  pathogenicity
姚权, 李河. 基因CfATG6CfATG14参与调控果生刺盘孢细胞自噬和致病力. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (4) : 1289 -1305 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230702
Quan YAO, He LI. CfATG6 andCfATG14 regulate the autophagy and pathogenicity ofColletotrichum fructicola[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (4) : 1289 -1305 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230702
油茶(Camellia oleifera)属于山茶科(Theaceae Mirb)山茶属(Camellia)植物,作为我国南方特有的木本食用油料树种,它不仅可以提供富含不饱和脂肪酸的茶油,还可以保持水土、涵养水源,在我国区域经济发展中具有重要地位[1]。炭疽病是油茶的主要病害,给林农带来了严重的经济损失。果生刺盘孢(Colletotrichum fructicola)是油茶炭疽病的主要致病菌,其分生孢子形成附着胞进而产生侵入钉侵染寄主引起病害。姚权等[2]和李河等[3-6]前期研究发现,CfHAC1CfMKK1CfRAB7等基因通过调控果生刺盘孢附着胞的形成进而影响致病力,并发现果生刺盘孢组蛋白乙酰转移酶CfGcn5负调控细胞自噬从而调控附着胞的膨压进而影响致病力。自噬相关蛋白基因CfATG6CfGCN5基因缺失突变体中表达水平显著上调,但其功能尚不清楚[7]
细胞自噬是一种亚细胞降解途径,在真核生物中高度保守,它对于维持细胞内生理平衡和帮助细胞抵抗逆境有重要作用[8-9]。细胞自噬通过自噬小体的形成,将细胞内被破坏的大分子蛋白质以及受损的细胞器包裹,然后与液泡融合,将大分子蛋白质和细胞器降解并循环再利用,以维持细胞正常功能[10-13]。许多致病力相关的关键生理过程都受到细胞自噬的调控,如MoATG1基因缺失后,稻瘟病菌细胞自噬过程被阻断进而降低附着胞膨压,使突变体丧失穿透和侵染寄主的能力[14-15];在果生刺盘孢中自噬相关基因CfATG8CfATG9缺失后,细胞自噬进程同样受到影响,降低了附着胞膨压并影响致病过程[7]
磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶Ⅲ型(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3, PI3KC3)复合物磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇(phosphatidylinositol, PI)产生自噬体膜主要成分磷脂酰肌-3-磷酸(phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, PI3P)[16-18]。Atg6/Vps30、Atg14、Vps34和Vps15形成的PI3P激酶(PI3P kinase, PI3K)复合体是PI3KC3两种复合物中的一种,主要在自噬过程中发挥功能[19-20]。在酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)中,缺失自噬相关基因ATG6ATG14后,酿酒酵母表现出自噬缺陷,并在ΔScatg6中无法测定到蛋白Atg14[19]。在禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)中,自噬相关基因FgATG6FgATG14对菌株的生长发育、无性繁殖及侵染过程极其重要[21]。在稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzae)中,缺失MoATG6MoATG14后,突变体菌株无法侵染水稻叶片,且MoATG14缺失后,自噬能力也随之丧失[22-23]。灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)自噬相关基因BcATG6缺失后,表现出生长、致病和无性繁殖能力的降低,其自噬过程也表现出极显著减弱[24]。这些研究表明,自噬相关基因的功能在病原真菌中较为保守且非常重要。自噬相关基因CfATG6CfATG14在油茶炭疽病的优势致病菌果生刺盘孢中尚无相关研究,它们的生物学功能也不清楚。本研究以这2个基因为研究对象,阐明它们在果生刺盘孢中的生物学功能,为油茶炭疽病的防治提供理论依据。
本研究所用果生刺盘孢野生型菌株CFHL16、酵母菌株XK125和酵母双杂交菌株AH109由实验室保存,大肠杆菌Trelief 5α购自北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司。
在果生刺盘孢的全基因组中通过BLASTp比对,鉴定到酿酒酵母Atg6 (NP 015205.1)和Atg14 (NP 009686.1)同源蛋白氨基酸序列,分别命名为CfAtg6 (KAE9577198)和CfAtg14 (KAE9577180),参考姚权等[2]描述的方法构建邻接(neighbor- joining, N-J)系统发育树。
以cDNA为模板,分别使用CfAtg6-AD-F/CfAtg6-AD-R、CfAtg14-BD-F/CfAtg14-BD-R为引物扩增CfATG6基因和CfATG14基因片段,将CfATG6基因片段与pGADT7 (AD)质粒形成载体1,CfATG14基因片段与pGBKT7 (BD)质粒形成载体2,共转入酵母菌株AH109内,在SD-Trp-Leu培养基平板上30 ℃培养3−5 d后,用绒布影印至SD-Trp-Leu-His培养基和SD-Trp-Leu-His-Ade培养基上,继续培养观察。阳性对照为ADRecT和BD(+),阴性对照为ADRecT和BD(−)。
CfATG6CfATG14基因载体构建和敲除方法参考姚权等[2]描述的方法。本研究涉及的引物序列详见表1
以野生型CFHL16基因组DNA为模板,参照姚权等[2]描述的方法构建CfATG6基因回补质粒和回补菌株,并对其进行相关表型测定。CfATG14基因敲除突变体回补菌株的获得同CfATG6基因。
试验菌株在CM和MM培养基上28 ℃培养3 d,之后参考姚权等[25]描述的方法进行CfATG6CfATG14基因缺失突变体表型分析。
试验菌株于CM液体培养基中28 ℃、180 r/min培养2 d,之后参考姚权等[2]描述1.6.5的方法进行敲除突变体产孢及附着胞形态观察。
使用细胞壁胁迫剂为400 μg/mL刚果红(congo red, CR)、0.01%十二烷基硫酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS),试验参考郭源等[26]描述的方法进行突变体细胞壁胁迫敏感性试验。
采用终浓度10.0 mmol/L的H2O2,参考高亚兰等[27]描述的方法进行突变体氧化胁迫敏感性试验。
采用终浓度为2.5 mmol/L和5.0 mmol/L的二硫苏糖醇(dithiothreitol, DTT),参考李司政等[28]描述的方法进行突变体内质网胁迫敏感性试验。
试验菌株分别接种于苹果和离体油茶叶片,28 ℃培养,参考郭源等[26]的方法测定突变体致病力。
CfATG8基因片段与pYF11质粒连接,构建CfATG8: : pYF11载体成功后,使用聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol, PEG)介导法将载体导入ΔCfatg6、ΔCfatg14菌株原生质体中,并对后续转化子进行筛选,选取成功导入CfATG8: : pYF11载体并稳定表达的菌株进行下一步试验。
采用CM液体培养基28 ℃、180 r/min培养36 h后,无菌水清洗去除CM液体培养基,使用MM-N液体培养基饥饿诱导处理菌丝球4 h,显微观察绿色荧光变化情况,进一步提取菌丝球蛋白进行Western blotting试验检测CfAtg8蛋白降解情况。
C.fructicola鉴定到一个与酿酒酵母ScAtg6同源的CfAtg6蛋白序列及一个与酿酒酵母ScAtg14同源的CfAtg14蛋白序列。
其中CfATG6基因编码491个氨基酸,含有1个Pfam APG6识别域和2个未知结构域。进一步分析发现果生刺盘孢内的CfAtg6氨基酸序列与胶孢刺盘孢(C.gloeosporioides)的亲缘关系较近,与构巢曲霉(Aspergillus nidulans)和S.cerevisiae的亲缘关系较远。
CfATG14基因编码466个氨基酸,含有1个Pfam Atg14识别域和2个未知结构域。进一步分析发现果生刺盘孢内的CfAtg14氨基酸序列与C.gloeosporioidesC.siamense的亲缘关系较近,与A.nidulans和S.cerevisiae的亲缘关系较远。
在酿酒酵母中,蛋白Atg6/Vps30和Atg14存在互作关系[19]。为验证在果生刺盘孢中蛋白CfAtg6和CfAtg14是否存在相互作用,我们构建了相关载体进行酵母双杂交试验。结果表明在果生刺盘孢中自噬相关蛋白CfAtg6和CfAtg14可能也存在互作关系(图1),与酿酒酵母中这2个蛋白互作的结果一致,说明自噬相关蛋白Atg6和Atg14的功能可能比较保守。为了进一步验证CfAtg14与CfAtg6在果生刺盘孢中是否具有相似的生物学功能,本文对2个基因的功能进行了研究。
为了进一步阐明基因CfATG6CfATG14的生物学功能,基于同源重组的原理,参考姚权等[2]试验方法获得回补菌株。敲除策略如图2A所示;分子验证如图2B2C所示。
在CM和MM培养基上,突变体ΔCfatg6菌落生长直径分别为4.2 cm和3.0 cm左右,ΔCfatg14菌落生长直径分别为5.7 cm和4.0 cm左右,对生长菌落直径进行统计分析,发现ΔCfatg6和ΔCfatg14菌落直径均小于CFLH16和其回补菌株(P < 0.01,图3)。结果表明CfATG6CfATG14基因均调控果生刺盘孢的营养生长过程。
在真菌侵染植物的过程中,分生孢子是初侵染和再侵染主要侵染来源,在病害循环中起着十分重要的作用[26]。我们研究了ΔCfatg6和ΔCfatg14突变体的分生孢子形成过程,结果显示突变体ΔCfatg6产生少量分生孢子,仅为野生型和回补菌株的20%左右(图4),统计分析差异显著;同时我们对突变体ΔCfatg14进行多次分生孢子形成试验,发现突变体试验结果存在较大误差,无法确定基因CfATG14是否参与调控果生刺盘孢分生孢子形成过程。结果表明,CfATG6基因参与调控了果生刺盘孢分生孢子的形成,而CfATG14基因是否参与这一过程仍需进一步研究。
刺盘孢属真菌在侵染寄主时会形成附着胞刺破寄主表皮,对病原菌侵染寄主有着至关重要的作用[4],因此我们进一步研究了上述菌株的附着胞形成情况。野生型、ΔCfatg14-C附着胞形成率可达75%,回补菌株ΔCfatg6-C相对野生型略低,为60%,而ΔCfatg6和ΔCfatg14突变体的附着胞形成率均显著下降,其中ΔCfatg6附着胞形成率不足5%,ΔCfatg14的附着胞形成率不足20% (图5C5D),数据分析显示差异显著(图5A5B)。结果表明CfATG6CfATG14基因参与调控果生刺盘孢附着胞的形成。
细胞壁作为真菌最外侧的结构,是真菌抵抗外界环境压力的第一层屏障,而细胞壁的完整性对真菌致病过程有重大的影响[29]。为了探究CfATG6CfATG14是否响应细胞壁胁迫应答,将CFLH16、ΔCfatg6、ΔCfatg6-C、ΔCfatg14、ΔCfatg14-C菌株分别接种于含有0.01% SDS和400 μg/mL CR细胞胁迫剂的CM培养基上,培养3 d后比较生长情况。结果表明,在含有细胞壁胁迫剂的培养基上突变体ΔCfatg6、ΔCfatg14的抑制率均相较于CFLH16和回补菌株抑制率升高5%以上(图6),说明CfATG6CfATG14基因参与调控果生刺盘孢对细胞壁胁迫的应答。
为了探究CfATG6CfATG14是否参与果生刺盘孢应对氧化胁迫过程,将CFLH16、ΔCfatg6、ΔCfatg6-C、ΔCfatg14、ΔCfatg14-C菌株接种于含有10.0 mmol/L的H2O2的CM培养基上,培养3 d后比较生长情况。结果表明,突变体ΔCfatg6对H2O2的抑制率相较于CFLH16和回补菌株升高10%以上,统计分析差异显著;对突变体ΔCfatg14则无显著影响(图7),这表明CfATG6基因参与了果生刺盘孢应对氧化胁迫过程,而基因CfATG14不参与调控这一过程。
二硫苏糖醇是一种小分子有机还原剂,可影响肽链间二硫键的生成,致使错误折叠蛋白增多,造成内质网压力,引起内质网的应激反应[30]。为了探究CfATG6CfATG14是否参与果生刺盘孢应对内质网压力胁迫,将CFLH16、ΔCfatg6、ΔCfatg6-C、ΔCfatg14、ΔCfatg14-C菌株分别接种于含有终浓度为2.5 mmol/L和5.0 mmol/L DTT的CM平板上,培养3 d后比较生长情况。结果表明,在含有DTT的培养基上,ΔCfatg14突变体的生长抑制率相较于CFLH16和回补菌株显著升高5%以上,但突变体ΔCfatg6的生长则无显著影响(图8),上述结果表明CfATG14响应了果生刺盘孢的内质网压力胁迫应答,基因CfATG6不参与调控该过程。
果生刺盘孢为油茶炭疽病的优势致病菌,其致病能力直接影响着经济损失,因此致病力是其最重要的表型特征。本文对突变体ΔCfatg6和ΔCfatg14进行致病力测定。结果表明,在离体的油茶叶片上,ΔCfatg6突变体菌株形成的病斑显著小于CFLH16和回补菌株形成的病斑面积,不足CFLH16和回补菌株的1/3;突变体ΔCfatg14在有伤的油茶叶片上形成的病斑面积显著减少,仅为CFLH16和回补菌株1/4左右,且在无伤叶片上无法形成病斑(图9A9HP < 0.01)。以苹果为寄主分别接种果生刺盘孢野生型菌株、ΔCfatg6、ΔCfatg14突变体和回补菌株ΔCfatg6-C、ΔCfatg14-C,结果发现ΔCfatg6和ΔCfatg14突变体在苹果上造成的病斑面积同样显著小于野生型和回补菌株(图9I9LP < 0.01)。这些结果表明CfATG6CfATG14基因参与调控果生刺盘孢的致病力。
细胞自噬对维持真核生物的代谢平衡和生存能力是必需的[31]。营养缺乏(MM-N诱导)是诱导自噬的一种常用方式[7]。本文对GFP-CfAtg8标记的CFLH16、ΔCfatg6和ΔCfatg14菌株进行荧光观察发现,在营养充足条件下,CFLH16、ΔCfatg6和ΔCfatg14菌株的细胞质中均可以观察到荧光,在液泡中未观察到荧光。MM-N处理4 h后,在CFLH16细胞质中几乎观测不到荧光,但可以在液泡中观察到荧光;在ΔCfatg6和ΔCfatg14中,荧光仍定位在细胞质中,液泡中仍不能观测到荧光(图10A)。接下来,我们通过免疫印迹试验来监测自噬的发生情况,发现在CFLH16、ΔCfatg6和ΔCfatg14突变体中都可以检测到完整的GFP-CfAtg8 (46 kDa)和游离GFP (26 kDa)的蛋白条带。通过计算游离GFP与完整GFP-CfAtg8和游离GFP蛋白总量的比值来评估自噬程度,在MM-N处理4 h后,CFLH16中游离GFP蛋白的比例相较于处理前升高40%左右,而在ΔCfatg6和ΔCfatg14中,游离GFP的蛋白水平未发生变化(图10B),这说明在ΔCfatg6和ΔCfatg14中,自噬相关蛋白CfAtg8的转运和降解受到阻碍。以上试验表明CfATG6CfATG14基因正调控果生刺盘孢的细胞自噬过程。
PI3K是细胞内一类重要的信号调控分子,通过对膜上的磷脂酰肌醇进行磷酸化修饰而控制细胞的生长、分化、胞内物质运输等过程[32]。在酵母中,Vps15、Atg6/Vps30、Vps34、Atg14和Atg38形成自噬特异性的Ⅲ型PI3K复合物I,即PI3KC3-I,并定位于自噬前体组装位点(phagophore assembly site, PAS)[19,33-34]。PI3K复合物I相关蛋白ATG6ATG14基因在稻瘟病菌、禾谷镰刀菌和灰葡萄孢中都已被证明与致病过程相关联[21-24,35]。本研究从果生刺盘孢中鉴定到两个自噬相关蛋白CfAtg6和CfAtg14,它们都参与调控果生刺盘孢的营养生长、附着胞形成、自噬过程和致病过程。酵母双杂试验结果表明CfAtg6和CfAtg14在果生刺盘孢中可能存在互作关系,但仍需使用免疫共沉淀(co-inmunoprecipitation, Co-IP)等试验进一步验证。
分生孢子对于植物病原真菌的侵染循环十分重要。在灰葡萄孢B.cinerea中,BcATG6基因缺失后,病菌分生孢子产量下降且形态异常,而缺失BcATG14基因后分生孢子不能形成。在M.oryzaeF.graminearum中,敲除基因ATG6后,虽然会导致致病菌分生孢子产量下降,但对分生孢子形态不会产生影响;基因ATG14敲除后,分生孢子产量均不足野生型的5%[21,23,35-36]。本研究发现,CfATG6基因的敲除导致果生刺盘孢分生孢子产量相较于野生型极显著下降,但分生孢子形态无明显变化,这与基因FgATG6MoATG6的研究结果相一致;CfATG14基因敲除后,突变体ΔCfatg14产孢量经多次试验,结果误差较大,不能确定基因CfATG14是否参与调控分生孢子形成,需进一步研究。
植物病原真菌分生孢子萌发后形成的附着胞是侵染寄主的关键结构[37]。本实验室前期研究发现,果生刺盘孢CfPMK1CfSNF1CfMKK1基因的缺失导致菌株不能正常形成附着胞进而影响其致病力[4,38-39]。在本研究中,突变体ΔCfatg6和ΔCfatg14致病力均降低,这可能是CfATG6CfATG14基因缺失之后,降低了果生刺盘孢附着胞的形成。
病原菌侵染寄主时会诱导产生活性氧等物质,阻止病菌的侵入,而病原菌则会清除H2O2来应对寄主的防御机制[40]。在灰葡萄孢中,缺失基因BcATG14,会导致灰葡萄孢对高于4 mmol/L H2O2耐受性降低[35]。在果生刺盘孢中,敲除CfATG14基因后,相较于CFLH16和回补菌株,10 mmol/L H2O2对突变体抑制率无明显差异,不参与H2O2胁迫应答,另外研究发现,ΔCfatg14对2.5 mmol/L内质网胁迫剂DTT十分敏感;缺失CfATG6基因的突变体对10.0 mmol/L H2O2抑制率相较于CFLH16和回补菌株显著升高,对DTT胁迫则不敏感。这表明基因CfATG6CfATG14虽然都参与调控果生刺盘孢响应外界胁迫,但调控的生物学过程有所不同。
自噬相关蛋白GFP-Atg8作为自噬过程的一个标记蛋白,常被用来辅助研究自噬的进程[7]。在B.cinerea中,使用GFP-BcAtg8作为标记蛋白对自噬进程进行研究,发现缺失基因BcATG6后,突变体自噬进程被严重阻碍。在M.oryzae中,突变体ΔMoatg14在饥饿诱导后,GFP-MoAtg8标记蛋白无法被降解,自噬进程无法正常进行[23-24]。本研究发现在饥饿诱导4 h后,突变体ΔCfatg6和ΔCfatg14的自噬进程被阻碍,无法降解GFP-CfAtg8蛋白,说明果生刺盘孢缺失CfATG6CfATG14基因影响细胞自噬过程,这与稻瘟病菌、禾谷镰刀菌和灰葡萄孢的研究结果一致,同时证实了GFP-CfAtg8也可以作为一个标记蛋白用于果生刺盘孢细胞自噬研究。
本研究从果生刺盘孢中鉴定到两个自噬相关蛋白CfAtg6和CfAtg14,研究结果表明它们参与调控了果生刺盘孢的营养生长、附着胞形成、应对外界胁迫、自噬和致病过程。试验结果为进一步揭示果生刺盘孢的致病分子机理提供理论依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32071765)
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2024年第64卷第4期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230702
  • 接收时间:2023-11-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-04-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-15
  • 录用日期:2024-01-23
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071765)
国家自然科学基金(32071765)
作者信息
    中南林业科技大学 南方人工林病虫害防控国家林业和草原局重点实验室 森林有害生物防控湖南省重点实验室 森林生物资源与有害生物综合管理湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室, 湖南 长沙 410004

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230702
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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