Article(id=1241356320557822735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241356311292605058, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230679, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1699027200000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1704384000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-01-05, onlineDate=1773892010106, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1712160000000, pubDateStr=2024-04-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773892010106, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773892010106, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773892010106, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241356311292605058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='4', pageStart='981', pageEnd='1321', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773892007897, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773892637358, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241358951523087136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241356311292605058, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241358951523087137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241356311292605058, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1219, endPage=1232, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241356321480569680, articleId=1241356320557822735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Roles of key amino acid residues of the virulence factor listeriolysin O inListeria monocytogenes infection, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To investigate the impacts of the amino acid residues at position 253 (glutamine, Q) and 254 (isoleucine, I) in the β8 sheet of the D3 domain of listeriolysin O (LLO) on the biological functions ofListeria monocytogenes. [Methods] We constructed the mutant proteins LLOQ253A and LLOI254A and the mutant strainshlyQ253A andhlyI254A by homologous recombination. After the expression and purification, the mutant proteins examined for the hemolytic activity. Furthermore, the growth, adhesion, invasion, intracellular migration, and proliferation were compared between the mutant strainshlyQ253A andhlyI254A. [Results] After the mutation of the corresponding sites, LLO proteins could be expressed normally. However, the mutant proteins and strains lost hemolytic activity at pH 6.5, and the hemolytic activities of LLOI254A andhlyI254A were restored at pH 5.5. The mutant strains showed no significant differences in extracellular growth, adhesion, and intracellular proliferation compared with the wild-type strain. However, the invasion and intercellular migration of the mutant strains were significantly lower than that of the wild-type strain. [Conclusion] The mutations of Q253A and I254A in LLO cause the loss of hemolytic activity at pH 6.5 and a reduction in the bacterial infection, the specific mechanisms of which remain to be explored. This study establishes a foundation for deeply understanding the impact of LLO structure on the biological function ofL.monocytogenes and holds significance for the construction of point-mutated strains ofL.monocytogenes.

, correspAuthors=Jing XIA, Changyong CHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: XIA Jing,;
E-mail: CHENG Changyong,
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yuchao FENG, Jiali XU, Binjie ZHU, Zebin WU, Wenjing WANG, An DING, Zimeng CAI, Mianmian CHEN, Jing SUN, Lingli JIANG, Houhui SONG, Jing XIA, Changyong CHENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241356324655656970, articleId=1241356320557822735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=单增李斯特菌毒力因子溶血素关键氨基酸位点在感染过程中的作用研究, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】探究单增李斯特菌溶血素O (listeriolysin O, LLO)中D3区域β8折叠片上第253位氨基酸(谷氨酰胺,Q)和第254位氨基酸(异亮氨酸,I)对单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)感染生物学功能的影响。【方法】构建LLOQ253A和LLOI254A突变蛋白的原核表达菌株,以及利用同源重组方法构建hlyQ253AhlyI254A突变株;通过表达纯化突变蛋白,测定溶血活性;比较LLO第253位Q和第254位I均突变成丙氨酸(A)后,对细菌体外生长能力、黏附侵袭、胞内迁移和增殖能力的影响。【结果】相应位点突变后,LLO蛋白均能够正常表达。在pH 6.5条件下,所有突变蛋白和突变株的溶血活性丧失。然而,在pH 5.5条件下,LLOI254AhlyI254A恢复了溶血活性。与野生株相比,突变株的体外生长、黏附能力和胞内增殖能力均无明显差异;突变株的侵袭能力和胞间迁移能力显著低于野生株。【结论】本研究证实第253位Q和第254位I均突变成A后,单增李斯特菌在pH 6.5条件下丧失溶血活性,并降低了感染宿主细胞的能力,但具体机制还有待进一步探索。本研究为深入探究LLO结构对单增李斯特菌生物学功能的影响奠定基础,对单增李斯特菌点突变株的构建具有一定参考意义。

, correspAuthors=夏菁, 程昌勇, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=WCaJ8gRCBvrYa8/p8tqhYg==, magXml=qWfBGDqXxa5DS+TalpSunw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=wHow5gevat1cGdgfIUBhBg==, pdfFileSize=9011861, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=WaJPqNM+ZrX8KQysNUxtrw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=totegon+P3G/1PYoNmdH6w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

#These authors contributed equally to this work.

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refType=null, unstructuredReference=RESNIK N, TRATNJEK L, KREFT ME, KISOVEC M, ADEN S, BEDINA ZAVEC A, ANDERLUH G, PODOBNIK M, VERANIČ P.Cytotoxic activity of LLO Y406A is targeted to the plasma membrane of cancer urothelial cells[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2021,22(7):3305., articleTitle=Cytotoxic activity of LLO Y406A is targeted to the plasma membrane of cancer urothelial cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241444646434435794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320557822735, doi=10.1038/srep09623, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=5, issue=null, pageStart=9623, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=Scientific Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PODOBNIK M, MARCHIORETTO M, ZANETTI M, BAVDEK A, KISOVEC M, CAJNKO MM, LUNELLI L, DALLA SERRA M, ANDERLUH G.Plasticity of listeriolysin O pores and its regulation by pH and unique histidine[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:9623., articleTitle=Plasticity of listeriolysin O pores and its regulation by pH and unique histidine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241444646543487705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320557822735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=29, issue=2, pageStart=161, pageEnd=165, url=https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZSYX200902011.htm, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=中国兽医学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谭炳乾, 何启盖, 肖军, 陈焕春.单核细胞增多性李斯特菌hlyA基因序列及溶血素活性测定[J].中国兽医学报,2009,29(2):161-165., articleTitle=单核细胞增多性李斯特菌hlyA基因序列及溶血素活性测定, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241444646644151006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320557822735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=29, issue=2, pageStart=161, pageEnd=165, url=https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZSYX200902011.htm, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAN BQ, HE QG, XIAO J, CHEN HC.Analysis ofhlyA gene and hemolytic activity ofListeria monocytogenes from different source[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2009,29(2):161-165 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Analysis ofhlyA gene and hemolytic activity ofListeria monocytogenes from different source, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241444639941653025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320557822735, awardId=32172849, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172849), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241444640096842281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320557822735, awardId=32172849, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(32172849), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241444641623568949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, 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journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320557822735, language=CN, label=图1, caption=原核表达LLO突变蛋白重组质粒(A)及单增李斯特菌hly位点突变重组质粒(B)的构建策略, figureFileSmall=edAeTBOgnqThEJSvLPC9cw==, figureFileBig=pIFGfTuFSlX/Fis2IJbtvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444637634785744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320557822735, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Identification ofhlyQ253A andhlyI254A mutant strains inListeria monocytogenes withhly locus mutation (A) and prokaryotic strains expressing LLOQ253A and LLOI254A mutant proteins (B) by PCR., figureFileSmall=l644yE+cBWsAqnX22+9aNw==, figureFileBig=r06fjMNsS79HNh3833xtOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444637735449044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320557822735, language=CN, label=图2, caption=PCR验证单增李斯特菌hly点突变株(A)和原核表达LLO蛋白点突变株(B), figureFileSmall=l644yE+cBWsAqnX22+9aNw==, figureFileBig=r06fjMNsS79HNh3833xtOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444637894832603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320557822735, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Identification of LLOQ253A (A) and LLOI254A (B) mutant proteins by SDS-PAGE. A: Lane 1 is the protein marker; Lane 2−4 are the samples of LLOQ253A mutant protein eluted with 30, 50 and 100 mmol/L imidazole, respectively; Lane 5−10 are the samples of LLOQ253A mutant proteins eluted with 300 mmol/L imidazole. B: Lane 1 is the protein marker; Lane 2−4 are the samples of LLOI254A mutant proteins eluted with 30, 50 and 100 mmol/L imidazole, respectively; Lane 5−10 are the samples of LLOI254A mutant proteins eluted with 300 mmol/L imidazole., figureFileSmall=Zdn2H7yXFgH2fghpW7CsTg==, figureFileBig=V96/ULgaDn88jjAj9JACSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638058410465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320557822735, language=CN, label=图3, caption=SDS-PAGE鉴定LLOQ253A (A)和LLOI254A (B)突变蛋白, figureFileSmall=Zdn2H7yXFgH2fghpW7CsTg==, figureFileBig=V96/ULgaDn88jjAj9JACSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638175850980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320557822735, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Hemolytic activity of LLO, LLOQ253A and LLOI254A mutant proteins, WT, Δhly,hlyQ253A andhlyI254A mutant strains at pH 6.5 and 5.5. A: Hemolytic activity of LLO, LLOQ253A and LLOI254A mutant proteins at pH 6.5. B: Hemolytic activity of WT, Δhly,hlyQ253A andhlyI254A mutant strains at pH 6.5. C: Hemolytic activity of LLO, LLOQ253A and LLOI254A mutant proteins at pH 5.5. D: Hemolytic activity of WT, Δhly,hlyQ253A andhlyI254A mutant strains at pH 5.5. Data are expressed as means±SD of three independent experiments., figureFileSmall=2paG+BFTREjBFu5MUPqHfw==, figureFileBig=P1rMakcGqzLd0Z/JGlw1+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638284902891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320557822735, language=CN, label=图4, caption=LLO、LLOQ253A和LLOI254A蛋白及WT、ΔhlyhlyQ253AhlyI254A突变株在pH 6.5和pH 5.5条件下的溶血活性分析, figureFileSmall=2paG+BFTREjBFu5MUPqHfw==, figureFileBig=P1rMakcGqzLd0Z/JGlw1+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638385566190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320557822735, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Growth ability of WT, Δhly,hlyQ253A andhlyI254A mutant strains at 37 ℃ (A), and analysis of adhesion (B) and invasion (C) of WT, Δhly,hlyQ253A andhlyI254A mutant strains in Caco-2 cells. Data are expressed as means±SD of three independent experiments. ns:P > 0.05,**:P < 0.01;***:P < 0.001;****:P < 0.000 1., figureFileSmall=18+bl5gzvfAVFa3nOKLxmw==, figureFileBig=inttfvFNAMVrVB05nKYMAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638465257972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320557822735, language=CN, label=图5, caption=WT、ΔhlyhlyQ253AhlyI254A突变株在37 ℃下的生长能力(A)及在Caco-2细胞中的黏附率(B)及侵袭率(C), figureFileSmall=18+bl5gzvfAVFa3nOKLxmw==, figureFileBig=inttfvFNAMVrVB05nKYMAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638561726971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320557822735, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Plaque sizes and numbers formed by Δhly,hlyQ253A andhlyI254A mutant strains in L929 fibroblast cell as a percentage of the plaque size and number formed by WT strain. A: Plaque assay performed in the L929 fibroblast cell monolayers infected by WT, Δhly,hlyQ253A andhlyI254A mutant strains. B: The plaque sizes of WT, Δhly,hlyQ253A andhlyI254A mutant strains were indicated as a percentage of those formed by WT. C: The plaque number of WT, Δhly,hlyQ253A andhlyI254A mutant strains were indicated as a percentage of those formed by WT. The mutant strain Δhly, which is completely unable to spread during cell infection, was taken as a reference negative control. Data are expressed as means±SD of three independent experiments.**:P < 0.01,***:P < 0.001,****:P < 0.000 1., figureFileSmall=O5LEP+N8bjSoYo5iqIk9Wg==, figureFileBig=jlCwqDrDJq+CmMwRLJMYVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638763053566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320557822735, language=CN, label=图6, caption=WT、ΔhlyhlyQ253AhlyI254A突变株在L929细胞中迁移能力分析, figureFileSmall=O5LEP+N8bjSoYo5iqIk9Wg==, figureFileBig=jlCwqDrDJq+CmMwRLJMYVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638943408642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320557822735, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Analysis of proliferation ability of WT, Δhly,hlyQ253A andhlyI254A mutant strains in RAW264.7 (A) and J774 (B) macrophages. Data are expressed as means±SD of three independent experiments., figureFileSmall=ReyHknlsqVplTubSgAV25g==, figureFileBig=2uaoawdbT2CzWs9/TSOGGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444639178289673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320557822735, language=CN, label=图7, caption=WT、ΔhlyhlyQ253AhlyI254A突变株在RAW264.7 (A)和J774 (B)巨噬细胞内增殖能力分析, figureFileSmall=ReyHknlsqVplTubSgAV25g==, figureFileBig=2uaoawdbT2CzWs9/TSOGGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444639421559308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320557822735, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PrimersSequences (5′→3′)
The protective bases are set to italic; The restriction enzyme sites are underlined.
LLO-Nde I-FwdCCCATATGATGAAAAAAATAATGCTAGTTTTTATTACACTTATATTAGTTAGTCTACC
LLO-Xho I-RevCCCTCGAGTTATTCGATTGGATTATCTACTTTATTACTATATTTCGGATAAAGC
hly-BamH I-FwdCGCGGATCCATGAAAAAAATAATGCTAGTTTTTATTACACTTATATTAGTTAGTCTACC
hly-Pst I-RevGGCTGCAGTTATTCGATTGGATTATCTACTTTATTACTATATTTCGGATAAAGC
M13-FwdTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGT
M13-RevCAGGAAACAGCTATGACC
T7-FwdTAATACGACTCACTATAGGG
T7-RevATTTAGGTGACACTATAGAA
hlyQ253A-FwdGTCATTAGTTTTAAAGCAATTTACTATAACGTGAATGTTAATGAACCTAC
hlyQ253A-RevGTAGGTTCATTAACATTCACGTTATAGTAAATTGCTTTAAAACTAATGAC
hlyI254A-FwdGTCATTAGTTTTAAACAAGCTTACTATAACGTGAATGTTAATGAACCTAC
hlyI254A-RevGTAGGTTCATTAACATTCACGTTATAGTAAGCTTGTTTAAAACTAATGAC
A-FwdCGCAGTAAATACATTAGTGGAAAGATGG
D-RevGACAGATTTTCCGCTTACGGC
), ArticleFig(id=1241444639580942871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356320557822735, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究用的引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PrimersSequences (5′→3′)
The protective bases are set to italic; The restriction enzyme sites are underlined.
LLO-Nde I-FwdCCCATATGATGAAAAAAATAATGCTAGTTTTTATTACACTTATATTAGTTAGTCTACC
LLO-Xho I-RevCCCTCGAGTTATTCGATTGGATTATCTACTTTATTACTATATTTCGGATAAAGC
hly-BamH I-FwdCGCGGATCCATGAAAAAAATAATGCTAGTTTTTATTACACTTATATTAGTTAGTCTACC
hly-Pst I-RevGGCTGCAGTTATTCGATTGGATTATCTACTTTATTACTATATTTCGGATAAAGC
M13-FwdTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGT
M13-RevCAGGAAACAGCTATGACC
T7-FwdTAATACGACTCACTATAGGG
T7-RevATTTAGGTGACACTATAGAA
hlyQ253A-FwdGTCATTAGTTTTAAAGCAATTTACTATAACGTGAATGTTAATGAACCTAC
hlyQ253A-RevGTAGGTTCATTAACATTCACGTTATAGTAAATTGCTTTAAAACTAATGAC
hlyI254A-FwdGTCATTAGTTTTAAACAAGCTTACTATAACGTGAATGTTAATGAACCTAC
hlyI254A-RevGTAGGTTCATTAACATTCACGTTATAGTAAGCTTGTTTAAAACTAATGAC
A-FwdCGCAGTAAATACATTAGTGGAAAGATGG
D-RevGACAGATTTTCCGCTTACGGC
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单增李斯特菌毒力因子溶血素关键氨基酸位点在感染过程中的作用研究
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冯昱超 1, # , 徐加利 1, # , 朱斌杰 1 , 吴泽斌 1 , 王雯静 1 , 丁桉 1 , 蔡孜萌 1 , 陈绵绵 1 , 孙静 1 , 江玲丽 2 , 宋厚辉 1 , 夏菁 1, * , 程昌勇 1, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(4): 1219-1232
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(4): 1219-1232
单增李斯特菌毒力因子溶血素关键氨基酸位点在感染过程中的作用研究
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冯昱超1, #, 徐加利1, #, 朱斌杰1, 吴泽斌1, 王雯静1, 丁桉1, 蔡孜萌1, 陈绵绵1, 孙静1, 江玲丽2, 宋厚辉1, 夏菁1, * , 程昌勇1, *
作者信息
  • 1 浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院 浙江省畜禽绿色生态健康养殖应用技术研究重点实验室 动物健康互联网检测技术浙江省工程研究中心 浙江省动物医学与健康管理国际科技合作基地 中澳动物健康大数据分析联合实验室, 浙江 杭州 311300
  • 2 宁波卫生职业技术学院, 浙江 宁波 315100
Roles of key amino acid residues of the virulence factor listeriolysin O inListeria monocytogenes infection
Yuchao FENG1, Jiali XU1, Binjie ZHU1, Zebin WU1, Wenjing WANG1, An DING1, Zimeng CAI1, Mianmian CHEN1, Jing SUN1, Lingli JIANG2, Houhui SONG1, Jing XIA1, * , Changyong CHENG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
  • 2 Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
出版时间: 2024-04-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230679
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【目的】探究单增李斯特菌溶血素O (listeriolysin O, LLO)中D3区域β8折叠片上第253位氨基酸(谷氨酰胺,Q)和第254位氨基酸(异亮氨酸,I)对单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)感染生物学功能的影响。【方法】构建LLOQ253A和LLOI254A突变蛋白的原核表达菌株,以及利用同源重组方法构建hlyQ253AhlyI254A突变株;通过表达纯化突变蛋白,测定溶血活性;比较LLO第253位Q和第254位I均突变成丙氨酸(A)后,对细菌体外生长能力、黏附侵袭、胞内迁移和增殖能力的影响。【结果】相应位点突变后,LLO蛋白均能够正常表达。在pH 6.5条件下,所有突变蛋白和突变株的溶血活性丧失。然而,在pH 5.5条件下,LLOI254AhlyI254A恢复了溶血活性。与野生株相比,突变株的体外生长、黏附能力和胞内增殖能力均无明显差异;突变株的侵袭能力和胞间迁移能力显著低于野生株。【结论】本研究证实第253位Q和第254位I均突变成A后,单增李斯特菌在pH 6.5条件下丧失溶血活性,并降低了感染宿主细胞的能力,但具体机制还有待进一步探索。本研究为深入探究LLO结构对单增李斯特菌生物学功能的影响奠定基础,对单增李斯特菌点突变株的构建具有一定参考意义。

单增李斯特菌  /  溶血素O  /  感染  /  点突变缺失株

[Objective] To investigate the impacts of the amino acid residues at position 253 (glutamine, Q) and 254 (isoleucine, I) in the β8 sheet of the D3 domain of listeriolysin O (LLO) on the biological functions ofListeria monocytogenes. [Methods] We constructed the mutant proteins LLOQ253A and LLOI254A and the mutant strainshlyQ253A andhlyI254A by homologous recombination. After the expression and purification, the mutant proteins examined for the hemolytic activity. Furthermore, the growth, adhesion, invasion, intracellular migration, and proliferation were compared between the mutant strainshlyQ253A andhlyI254A. [Results] After the mutation of the corresponding sites, LLO proteins could be expressed normally. However, the mutant proteins and strains lost hemolytic activity at pH 6.5, and the hemolytic activities of LLOI254A andhlyI254A were restored at pH 5.5. The mutant strains showed no significant differences in extracellular growth, adhesion, and intracellular proliferation compared with the wild-type strain. However, the invasion and intercellular migration of the mutant strains were significantly lower than that of the wild-type strain. [Conclusion] The mutations of Q253A and I254A in LLO cause the loss of hemolytic activity at pH 6.5 and a reduction in the bacterial infection, the specific mechanisms of which remain to be explored. This study establishes a foundation for deeply understanding the impact of LLO structure on the biological function ofL.monocytogenes and holds significance for the construction of point-mutated strains ofL.monocytogenes.

Listeria monocytogenes  /  listeriolysin O  /  infection  /  point-mutated strains
冯昱超, 徐加利, 朱斌杰, 吴泽斌, 王雯静, 丁桉, 蔡孜萌, 陈绵绵, 孙静, 江玲丽, 宋厚辉, 夏菁, 程昌勇. 单增李斯特菌毒力因子溶血素关键氨基酸位点在感染过程中的作用研究. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (4) : 1219 -1232 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230679
Yuchao FENG, Jiali XU, Binjie ZHU, Zebin WU, Wenjing WANG, An DING, Zimeng CAI, Mianmian CHEN, Jing SUN, Lingli JIANG, Houhui SONG, Jing XIA, Changyong CHENG. Roles of key amino acid residues of the virulence factor listeriolysin O inListeria monocytogenes infection[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (4) : 1219 -1232 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230679
单核细胞增生李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes, LM),简称单增李斯特菌,是一种广泛存在于自然环境中的革兰阳性食源性胞内寄生菌,可以在土壤、水、植物、动物及人体中存在[1]。单增李斯特菌感染主要在老人、孕妇、孩童以及免疫力低下人群中多发,可引起败血症、脑膜炎、胎儿流产等多种疾病,致死率可达20%−30%[2]。单增李斯特菌能够在4−45 ℃的温度下生长,尤其适应在低温环境中进行生长繁殖[3]。因此,冰箱和冷冻食品储存室是单增李斯特菌滋生和传播的重要场所。此外,该细菌具有极强的耐盐性和耐酸性,能够在酸性食品中存活和繁殖[1]
单增李斯特菌溶血素O (listeriolysin O, LLO),是一种由hly基因编码的成孔毒素,属于胆固醇依赖性溶细胞素(cholesterol-dependent cytolysins, CDCs)家族。LLO主要在裂解和逃逸吞噬体中起关键作用,其通过溶解细胞吞噬体膜,促进单增李斯特菌进入胞质并增殖,影响细菌毒力,是单增李斯特菌的主要毒力因子之一[3-5]。LLO的N末端具有富含脯氨酸(P)、谷氨酸(E)、丝氨酸(S)和苏氨酸(T)的PEST序列,该PEST序列可以调节LLO蛋白活性,其主要作用是使蛋白质磷酸化和通过泛素-蛋白酶体途径引起蛋白降解。去除PEST序列的LLO可聚集在胞内,对细胞的毒性增强,但导致单增李斯特菌致病能力下降[6]
LLO由两个亚基组成,包括LLO-A和LLO-B。LLO-A是LLO的活性亚单位,主要负责破坏细胞膜;LLO-B则作为LLO的结构亚单位,主要负责与胆固醇相互作用,从而在细胞膜上形成孔洞。LLO-A可以通过这些孔洞进入细胞,破坏细胞质膜,释放致病因子,LLO的存在是单增李斯特菌对宿主细胞影响的主要机制之一[7-8]。另外,LLO蛋白由4个结构域(D1–D4)组成,其中D1中包含了PEST序列,D4包含了胆固醇识别位点。LLOQ253、LLOI254位于D3区β8折叠片,而D3区与D1区的电荷互补性对相邻分子间接触、LLO聚集与孔形成可能是重要的,且D3区中插入的螺旋束HB1与HB2的解折叠和聚集可导致LLO失活[9-10]。因此,本研究通过表达纯化LLOQ253A和LLOI254A突变蛋白,利用同源重组的方法构建hlyQ253AhlyI254A突变株,检测各点突变蛋白和突变株的溶血活性,以及点突变株的感染生物学能力,为进一步探究LLO结构对单增李斯特菌生物学功能的影响奠定基础。
本研究所涉及原核表达载体pET-30a,温敏型穿梭质粒载体pKSV7,单增李斯特菌EGD-e (WT)和Δhly (缺失LLO后单增李斯特菌丧失膜穿孔能力),大肠杆菌DH5α和Rosetta,人肠道上皮细胞Caco-2,小鼠成纤维细胞L929,小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7和J774均由本实验室保存;2×Phanta Max Master Mix、Green Taq Mix,南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司;限制性内切酶Nde I、Xho I、BamH I和Pst I,NEB公司;无内毒素质粒提取试剂盒,天根生化科技(北京)有限公司;脑心肉汤(brain and heart infusion broth, BHI)和LB培养基,OXOID公司;RPMI 1640 (Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640)、DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium, DMEM)细胞培养基、血清(fetal bovine serum, FBS)和胰酶(0.25% Trypsin-EDTA),ThermoFisher Scientific;无菌脱纤维绵羊血,南京森贝伽生物科技有限公司;卡那霉素和氯霉素,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司。
根据NCBI查询单增李斯特菌(GenBank登录号为NC_003210.1)的hly基因序列,利用SnapGene软件分别设计hly片段扩增引物LLO-Nde I-Fwd/LLO-Xho I-Rev和hly-BamH I-Fwd/hly-Pst I-Rev、点突变株重组质粒的鉴定引物M13-Fwd/M13-Rev、蛋白表达载体构建的鉴定引物T7-Fwd/T7-Rev、定点突变引物hlyQ253A-Fwd/hlyQ253A-Rev、hlyI254A-Fwd/hlyI254A-Rev以及点突变鉴定引物A-Fwd/D-Rev,引物序列见表1
参照本实验室已发表的实验方法[11],以单增李斯特菌野生株EGD-e (WT)为模板,分别用引物LLO-Nde I-Fwd/LLO-Xho I-Rev和hly-BamH I-Fwd/hly-Pst I-Rev,通过PCR扩增hly基因的ORF区域。将上述获得的2个目的片段纯化后,分别与pET-30a载体用Nde I和Xho I限制性内切酶、与pKSV7载体用BamH I和Pst I限制性内切酶双酶切处理2 h,将纯化后的酶切产物用T4 DNA连接酶4 ℃连接过夜。使用鉴定引物T7-Fwd/T7-Rev,通过PCR验证pET-30a-LLO重组原核表达质粒;使用鉴定引物M13-Fwd/M13-Rev通过PCR验证pKSV7-hly重组穿梭质粒;将疑似正确的重组质粒送去杭州有康生物技术有限公司进行DNA测序。将测序正确的pET-30a-LLO原核表达质粒和pKSV7-hly重组穿梭质粒作为模板,利用点突变引物hlyQ253A-Fwd/hlyQ253A-Rev、hlyI254A-Fwd/hlyI254A-Rev通过PCR技术构建pET-30a-LLOQ253A、pET-30a-LLOI254A重组原核表达质粒和pKSV7-hlyQ253A、pKSV7-hlyI254A重组穿梭质粒并进行测序,将测序正确的pET-30a-LLOQ253A和pET-30a-LLOI254A原核表达质粒分别命名为pSL3989、pSL3990 (图1A);pKSV7-hlyQ253A、pKSV7-hlyI254A重组穿梭质粒分别命名为pSL3983、pSL3984 (图1B)。
分别将pSL3989和pSL3990热转化至原核表达感受态细胞Rosetta,将转化产物涂布于含卡那霉素(50 μg/mL)的LB固体培养基,37 ℃静置培养12–24 h,挑取若干单菌落用点突变鉴定引物A-Fwd/D-Rev进行阳性转化子的PCR验证,PCR鉴定正确的hly基因点突变原核表达菌株为后续蛋白表达时使用。
分别将pSL3983和pSL3984电转化至单增李斯特菌感受态细胞中,将转化产物涂布于含氯霉素(25 μg/mL)的BHI固体培养基,在30 ℃静置培养24–48 h,挑取单菌落并用pKSV7鉴定引物M13-Fwd/M13-Rev筛选阳性转化子。将阳性转化子置于含氯霉素的BHI液体培养基中,进行传代培养(42 ℃、200 r/min),传5–10代后实现同源重组;随后置于30 ℃无抗性的BHI液体培养基中,进行传代培养,传至15–20代后,利用pKSV7鉴定引物M13-Fwd/M13-Rev和点突变鉴定引物A-Fwd/D-Rev通过PCR鉴定末代菌液,筛选出发生点突变的菌落。以筛选出的菌落基因组为模板,利用点突变鉴定引物A-Fwd/D-Rev经PCR后将扩增产物送去测序,将测序鉴定正确的hly基因点突变株分别命名为hlyQ253AhlyI254A
挑取LLOQ253A、LLOI254A单菌落至5 mL含卡那霉素(50 μg/mL)的LB液体培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养过夜。次日,按1:100转接至200 mL含卡那霉素(50 μg/mL)的LB液体培养基中扩大培养,使OD600达到0.6。加入终浓度为1 mmol/L IPTG,4 ℃、150 r/min诱导过夜。次日,4 ℃、5 000 r/min离心15 min收集菌体,经50 mmol/L PBS洗涤3次后重悬,超声(功率200−300 W,超声5 s停7 s)破碎30 min后收集破碎液,4 ℃、12 000 r/min离心10 min取上清。将收集的上清与镍在4 ℃、100 r/min条件下结合过夜。次日,将结合液加至内毒素去除分离柱中,待结合液流尽后加入30、50、100 mmol/L咪唑洗脱杂蛋白,最后加入300 mmol/L咪唑收集LLO点突变蛋白。LLO点突变蛋白经BCA试剂盒测定浓度后,取部分蛋白按比例加入4×Loading buffer制成Western blotting样品,进行SDS-PAGE,检测纯化蛋白,剩余蛋白用超滤管进行超滤,超滤后的蛋白按照1:1加入纯甘油保存于−80 ℃冰箱中备用。经过纯化获得的LLO点突变蛋白命名为LLOQ253A和LLOI254A
取新鲜无菌绵羊血1 mL置于2 mL EP管中,4 ℃、1 000 r/min离心10 min,弃上清加入1 mL无菌生理盐水轻轻重悬红细胞,再次离心10 min,弃上清。将红细胞和无菌生理盐水以1:20混匀,配制成的绵羊血红细胞-生理盐水悬液(5% SRBC-0.9% NaCl)待用。LLO点突变蛋白溶血活性测定:用BCA试剂盒测定蛋白浓度,并分别用pH 6.5的10 mmol/L PBS与pH 5.5的10 mmol/L PBS将蛋白浓度稀释至35 nmol/L。在“U”型96孔板中,第一个孔加入200 μL稀释好的蛋白液,第2−11孔中分别加入pH 6.5和pH 5.5的100 μL 10 mmol/L PBS,从第1个孔取100 μL蛋白液加入到第3个孔,混匀后再吸取100 μL至下一个孔,如此连续倍比稀释至第11个孔,置于37 ℃培养箱中培养10 min,向每孔等体积加入5% SRBC-0.9% NaCl,放入37 ℃培养箱中静置培养30 min后,4 ℃、1 000 r/min离心3 min。吸取150 μL上清至平底96孔板中,测定OD550,以10 mmol/L PBS (pH 6.5或pH 5.5)作为阴性对照,1% Triton X-100作为阳性对照。突变株hlyQ253AhlyI254A溶血活性测定:挑取单菌落接至5 mL BHI中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养至OD600约为0.6。取1 mL菌液,4 000 r/min离心5 min,收集上清使用0.22 μm过滤器过滤后,取200 μL加入“U”型96孔板第1个孔中,并用10 mmol/L PBS (pH 6.5或pH 5.5)进行连续倍比稀释至第11个孔,向每孔等体积加入5% SRBC-0.9% NaCl,轻轻混匀,静置于37 ℃培养箱中孵育30 min,后续同LLO点突变蛋白溶血活性测定一致,以野生株WT作为阳性对照,缺失株Δhly作为阴性对照。记录结果并使用GraphPad Prism 9.0绘制溶血曲线。
挑取野生株WT、缺失株Δhly、突变株hlyQ234AhlyI254A的单菌落接种至5 mL BHI液体培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养过夜。次日,取1 mL菌液,4 000 r/min离心5 min,弃上清,加入10 mmol/L PBS重悬,并调整菌液OD600至0.6,将菌液按1:100转接至12 mL BHI液体培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养12 h,每2 h取200 μL测定OD600。记录结果并使用GraphPad Prism 9.0绘制细菌生长曲线。
用含有10%胎牛血清(FBS)的RPMI 1640细胞培养基对Caco-2细胞进行铺板,密度为2×105/孔,并置于37 ℃、含有5%的CO2培养箱中培养过夜。分别将野生株WT、缺失株Δhly、突变株hlyQ253AhlyI254A菌液浓度调至OD600为0.6,按照感染复数(multiplicity of infections, MOI)=10感染Caco-2细胞。黏附:细菌感染Caco-2细胞30 min后,用10 mmol/L PBS洗涤细胞3次,并用1 mL配制好的裂解液(0.25% Trypsin-EDTA和预冷ddH2O按照体积比1:4混匀后使用)吹打裂解细胞,稀释到合适梯度后,在BHI固体培养基上进行点板计数。入侵:Caco-2细胞在细菌感染1.5 h后,使用终浓度为50 μg/mL庆大霉素(去除胞外菌)处理1.5 h,并用10 mmol/L PBS洗涤细胞3次,随后用裂解液裂解细胞并进行稀释,取10 μL滴在BHI固体培养基上进行点板计数,待菌液风干后,倒扣至37 ℃培养箱,培养12 h,记录结果并使用GraphPad Prism 9.0绘制成图。
细胞培养与细菌OD600设置同1.7方法进行操作,L929细胞铺板密度为5×105个/孔,按照MOI=10感染L929细胞。感染后不同角度水平摇晃培养板,使其分布均匀,每15 min晃动一次。感染1 h后使用10 mmol/L PBS洗涤细胞3次,加入终浓度为50 μg/mL庆大霉素(去除胞外菌)处理1 h后,洗涤细胞3次,最后加入含10 μg/mL庆大霉素终浓度为0.7%的低熔点琼脂糖的DMEM (含10% FBS)细胞培养基,待琼脂凝固后,将细胞培养板倒置于37 ℃、5% CO2细胞培养箱中培养48 h。每孔加入600 μL甲醛溶液浸润后置于37 ℃培养箱2 h,拍掉琼脂,用ddH2O冲洗孔板,每孔加入600 μL 0.5%结晶紫溶液染色5 min后用10 mmol/L PBS冲洗孔板,待风干后进行扫描成像。使用Image J统计空斑数量和直径,使用GraphPad Prism 9.0绘制成图。
细胞培养与细菌OD600设置同1.7方法进行操作,RAW264.7细胞和J774细胞铺板密度为2×105个/孔,按照MOI=0.2分别感染RAW264.7、J774细胞。感染细胞30 min后,用10 mmol/L PBS洗涤细胞3次,加入裂解液裂解细胞,并稀释点板至BHI固体培养基。感染1 h后用10 mmol/L PBS洗涤细胞3次,加入终浓度为50 μg/mL庆大霉素(去除胞外菌)处理1 h。10 mmol/L PBS洗涤细胞3次,加入DMEM培养基持续培养至2、5和8 h分别裂解细胞,随后进行稀释点板。使用GraphPad Prism 9.0统计增殖细菌数并绘制成图。
用GraphPad Prism 9.0对数据进行分析。其中ns表示P > 0.05,*表示P < 0.05,**表示P < 0.01,***表示P < 0.001,****表示P < 0.000 1。
通过同源重组的方式将hly第253位谷氨酰胺Q和第254位异亮氨酸I突变成丙氨酸A,利用PCR扩增和DNA测序的方法对基因突变株进行检测。如图2所示,用点突变鉴定引物A-Fwd/D-Rev以点突变株为模板扩增的条带大小约为500 bp,以野生株WT作为阳性对照,缺失株Δhly作为阴性对照;用点突变鉴定引物A-Fwd/D-Rev以原核表达LLO蛋白点突变株为模板扩增的条带大小约为500 bp,以LLO蛋白原核表达菌株为阳性对照。并通过DNA测序方法验证,测序结果正确,表明单增李斯特菌hly基因点突变株和原核表达LLO蛋白点突变株构建成功。
点突变原核表达菌株经培养后,在IPTG诱导下进行蛋白表达,通过镍柱亲和纯化后获得相关LLO点突变蛋白。如图3所示,第2−4泳道分别是使用30、50和100 mmol/L咪唑洗脱杂蛋白时收集到的样品,第5−10泳道是最终使用300 mmol/L咪唑收集的LLO点突变蛋白。经SDS-PAGE显示纯化后位于第7−10泳道的LLOQ253A (图3A)和LLOI254A (图3B)突变蛋白条带单一,分子质量均约为57.2 kDa,蛋白大小与预期结果一致,经BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒检测蛋白浓度均约为2 mg/mL。以上结果说明,LLO突变蛋白原核表达与纯化成功,可用于后续的溶血试验。
分别比较LLO点突变蛋白LLOQ253A和LLOI254Ahly基因点突变株hlyQ253AhlyI254A在pH 6.5和pH 5.5的溶血活性。结果如图4所示,LLO点突变蛋白LLOQ253A和LLOI254A以及单增李斯特菌点突变株hlyQ253AhlyI254A在pH 6.5的条件下,溶血活性均丧失(图4A4B);当pH降至5.5时,LLO点突变蛋白LLOI254A和点突变株hlyI254A恢复溶血活性,LLO点突变蛋白LLOQ253A和点突变株hlyQ253A仍无溶血活性(图4C4D),表明hly基因第253位氨基酸位点Q比第254位氨基酸位点I对LLO蛋白溶血活性的影响更大。
比较野生株WT、缺失株Δhly、突变株hlyQ253AhlyI254A在37 ℃条件下BHI液体培养基中的生长能力。结果如图5A所示,缺失株Δhly、突变株hlyQ253AhlyI254A与野生株WT的生长趋势相比较趋于一致,均并无明显差异,说明hly基因第253和254位氨基酸位点突变后,不影响单增李斯特菌的体外生长能力。
因单增李斯特菌的黏附侵袭能力对其入侵宿主细胞起重要作用。以野生株WT、缺失株Δhly、突变株hlyQ253AhlyI254A为研究对象,比较细菌在Caco-2细胞中的黏附、侵袭能力。如图5B所示,hly基因第253、254位氨基酸位点突变后,不影响单增李斯特菌在Caco-2中的黏附能力。然而,突变株hlyQ253AhlyI254A在细胞中的侵袭能力较野生株WT显著下降(图5C)。研究表明,单增李斯特菌hly基因第253和254位氨基酸位点突变后,主要影响了细菌的侵袭能力。
单增李斯特菌作为胞内寄生菌,胞间迁移能力对于其感染能力也是至关重要的。将野生株WT、缺失株Δhly、突变株hlyQ253AhlyI254A作为研究对象,比较细菌在L929细胞中的胞间迁移能力,空斑直径越大代表其胞间迁移能力越强。如图6A所示,突变株hlyQ253AhlyI254A感染L929细胞形成的空斑直径明显小于野生株WT形成的空斑直径,作为对照组的缺失株Δhly感染L929细胞则不能形成空斑;经统计学分析发现突变株hlyQ253AhlyI254A形成的空斑直径大小相较于野生株WT显著减小(P < 0.000 1)。另外值得注意的是,突变株hlyQ253A形成的空斑数量相较于野生株WT显著减少,而突变株hlyI254A形成的空斑数量相较于野生株显著增多(图6B),说明突变株hlyI254A感染细胞的能力较野生株WT和突变株hlyQ253A是明显增强的。以上结果表明,单增李斯特菌hly基因第253和254位氨基酸位点突变后在L929细胞中迁移能力明显减弱;且第253位氨基酸位点Q较第254位氨基酸位点对单增李斯特菌在L929细胞中迁移能力的影响作用更显著。
RAW264.7及J774作为巨噬细胞可以主动吞噬单增李斯特菌,是研究单增李斯特菌胞内增殖能力的理想细胞模型。以野生株WT、缺失株Δhly、突变株hlyQ253AhlyI254A为对象,利用RAW264.7、J774作为细胞模型研究细菌在胞内的增殖能力。如图7所示,突变株hlyQ253AhlyI254A与野生株WT相比在RAW264.7和J774的胞内增殖能力无明显差异(P > 0.05),而突变株hlyQ253A对胞内增殖能力的影响略低于hlyI254A和WT。试验结果表明,单增李斯特菌hly基因第253和254位氨基酸位点突变后,不影响单增李斯特菌的胞内增殖能力。
LLO是由单增李斯特菌主要毒力基因hly编码的一种成孔毒素,在细菌感染宿主的过程中发挥重要作用。本研究构建了hlyQ234AhlyI254A单增李斯特菌hly点突变株,表达了LLO点突变蛋白LLOQ253A和LLOI254A,并通过分子生物学和细胞生物学等手段,比较了单增李斯特菌WT与点突变株间的溶血活性以及体外生长、黏附与侵袭、胞间迁移和胞内增殖能力。结果显示,在pH 6.5的条件下,单增李斯特菌hly基因第253位Q和第254位I突变成A后,点突变蛋白与点突变株均丧失了溶血活性;在pH 5.5的条件下,LLO点突变蛋白LLOI254A和点突变株hlyI254A恢复溶血活性,LLOQ253A和点突变株hlyQ253A仍无溶血活性,说明hly基因第253位氨基酸位点Q较第254位氨基酸位点I对LLO蛋白溶血活性的影响占主要地位。hlyQ234AhlyI254A的体外生长、胞内增殖和黏附能力与野生株相比无明显差异,其侵袭能力、胞间迁移能力与野生株相比有明显减弱。单增李斯特菌hly基因第253位Q和第254位I氨基酸位点发生改变后,有可能影响了LLO的结构改变进而影响了LLO的膜穿孔活性和逃逸吞噬体的能力,进而影响细菌的感染宿主的能力,但不同氨基酸位点的改变其影响的结果也可能略有不同,其具体机制还有待进行深入研究。
单增李斯特菌作为典型的胞内寄生菌,是一种研究胞内感染菌和细胞免疫的良好模型。近年来,李斯特菌已经被应用于疫苗载体研究,其可作为基因递呈载体,进而表达各种免疫蛋白来启动细胞免疫。Abi Abdallah等[12]用李斯特菌的弱毒株作为沙蝇唾液蛋白LIM 11的疫苗表达系统来预防利什曼病。Jahangir等[13]用李斯特菌的弱毒株表达肿瘤相关抗原蛋白Mage有效地治疗了转移性乳腺癌。Yang等[14]将李斯特菌弱毒株作为肝肿瘤干细胞生物标记的CD24的疫苗载体,明显减小了肿瘤的大小,延长了小鼠的寿命。LLO突变蛋白可为新型抗癌药物研发提供线索,Resnik等[15]发现LLOY406A是一种胆固醇依赖型毒素LLO突变体,其主要特征是在pH 5.7时具有优先活性,既可直接选择性靶向肿瘤细胞,也可从酸性核内体中释放累积的治疗药物。
本研究发现hlyQ234AhlyI254A突变株虽然丧失了溶血活性,但在巨噬细胞内的增殖能力与野生株相比无明显差异,并且在L929细胞中仍具有一定程度的胞间迁移能力,说明了LLO的膜穿孔活性与单增李斯特菌实现胞间迁移和感染并不严格相关[11]。在pH 6.5时,hlyQ234AhlyI254A丧失溶细胞活性,可能有以下三点原因:突变后LLO不能与细胞膜结合;抑制细胞膜上LLO寡聚化形成,导致LLO不能形成弧形或环形结构[13,16];LLO插入细胞膜的过程被抑制[9];过高的pH环境[17]。目前,对单增李斯特菌LLO结构域上氨基酸位点的研究较少,且突变后单增李斯特菌生物学功能改变的原因尚不清楚。本研究构建了hlyQ253AhlyI254A突变株,并对其生物学功能做了部分分析,为后续深入探究LLO结构域中关键氨基酸位点的作用以及构建靶向治疗肿瘤或癌症的模式菌提供了一定的理论基础。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32172849)
  • 国家自然科学基金(32302961)
  • 浙江省自然科学基金(LQ22C180001)
  • 浙江省自然科学基金(LY23C180002)
  • 宁波市公益类科技项目(2022S006)
  • 浙江农林大学人才启动项目(2023LFR013)
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2024年第64卷第4期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230679
  • 接收时间:2023-11-04
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-04-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-04
  • 录用日期:2024-01-05
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172849)
国家自然科学基金(32172849)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302961)
国家自然科学基金(32302961)
National Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ22C180001)
浙江省自然科学基金(LQ22C180001)
National Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY23C180002)
浙江省自然科学基金(LY23C180002)
Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau(2022S006)
宁波市公益类科技项目(2022S006)
Zhejiang A&F University Talents Starting Program(2023LFR013)
浙江农林大学人才启动项目(2023LFR013)
作者信息
    1 浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院 浙江省畜禽绿色生态健康养殖应用技术研究重点实验室 动物健康互联网检测技术浙江省工程研究中心 浙江省动物医学与健康管理国际科技合作基地 中澳动物健康大数据分析联合实验室, 浙江 杭州 311300
    2 宁波卫生职业技术学院, 浙江 宁波 315100

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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