Article(id=1241356316015391387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241356311292605058, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230610, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1695830400000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1703001600000, acceptedDateStr=2023-12-20, onlineDate=1773892009022, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1712160000000, pubDateStr=2024-04-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773892009022, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773892009022, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773892009022, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241356311292605058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='4', pageStart='981', pageEnd='1321', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773892007897, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773892637358, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241358951523087136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241356311292605058, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241358951523087137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241356311292605058, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1095, endPage=1109, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241356316816503474, articleId=1241356316015391387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Effects and mechanism ofLactobacillus plantarum postbiotics on protecting againstSalmonellaenterica Typhimurium infection in mice, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To investigate the effects and mechanism ofLactobacillus plantarum postbiotics at different doses on amelioratingSalmonellaenterica Typhimurium (ST) infection in mice. [Methods] Sixty 5-week C57BL/6 mice were randomized into five groups: Control, ST, CFS-L+ST, CFS-M+ST, and CFS-H+ST.Lactobacillus plantarum postbiotics (cell-free supernatant, CFS) was administrated at low (L), medium (M), and high (H) doses (50, 100, and 200 μL, respectively) for 21 days. On day 22, mice were orally challenged with ST at 3×108 CFU, and the samples were collected three days later. [Results] Compared with the control group, CFS-L+ST and CFS-M+ST groups showed no significant changes in body weight gain, while the CFS-H+ST group showed a significant decrease (P<0.05). The CFS-M+ST and CFS-H+ST groups alleviated ST-induced body weight loss (P<0.05). CFS pretreatment reduced ST-induced bacterial translocation in the colon, liver, spleen, and brain (P<0.05) and alleviated the pathological damages in the colon and spleen. ST reduced the levels of acetic acid and butyric acid in the cecum, which, however, increased in the CFS-M+ST group (P>0.05). Compared with the ST group, CFS-M+ST alleviated the inflammatory response by lowering the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (P<0.05) and elevating the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) (P<0.05). Moreover, CFS-M+ST suppressed ST-induced inflammation by modulating the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, as indicated by the down-regulated mRNA levels ofNLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific protease 1 (caspase-1), and gasdermin D (GSDMD) (P<0.05). Furthermore, CFS inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome by blocking the upstream key nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) pathway, as indicated by the down-regulated expression levels of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), and NF-κB (P<0.05). [Conclusion] L.plantarum postbiotics CFS alleviated theS.enterica Typhimurium infection and inflammatory responses in mice by inhibiting the NF-κB-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome, and the pretreatment with medium-dose CFS showed the best effects.

, correspAuthors=Yanping WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*WU Yanping, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xin SHU, Wenxia HUANG, Shiyue MA, Jinsong LIU, Caimei YANG, Ruiqiang ZHANG, Xiao XIAO, Yanping WU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241356320373273348, articleId=1241356316015391387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=植物乳杆菌后生元缓解小鼠沙门氏菌感染的作用效果及机理, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】研究不同剂量的植物乳杆菌后生元缓解小鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, ST)感染的作用效果及分子机制。【方法】选择60只5周龄的C57BL/6小鼠,分为5组:Control、ST、CFS-L+ST、CFS-M+ST和CFS-H+ST,后三组分别灌胃低、中、高剂量植物乳杆菌后生元,即50、100和200 μL的无细胞培养上清(cell-free culture supernatant, CFS)预处理21 d,然后在第22天灌胃3×108 CFU ST进行攻毒,3 d后采样。【结果】与对照组相比,饲喂低、中剂量CFS小鼠体重增长无明显变化,而高剂量组体重显著降低(P<0.05)。中、高剂量CFS预处理组可显著缓解沙门氏菌感染引起的小鼠体重损失(P<0.05);饲喂3种剂量的CFS均可显著降低ST在小鼠肝脏、脾脏、结肠和脑组织的细菌移位数量(P<0.05),并缓解结肠和脾脏病理损伤。ST攻毒显著降低盲肠乙酸和丁酸含量,而中剂量CFS预处理组具改善趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。与ST组相比,预饲中剂量CFS可通过显著降低促炎因子白细胞介素-1β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)水平(P<0.05),以及显著升高抑炎因子白细胞介素-4 (interleukin-4, IL-4)和白细胞介素-10 (interleukin-10, IL-10)水平(P<0.05)缓解炎症反应。进一步研究发现,与ST组相比,CFS-M+ST组热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3 [nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing protein 3, NLRP3]炎症小体关键基因NLRP3、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, ASC)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶(caspase-1)和细胞死亡调节蛋白(gasdermin D, GSDMD)的mRNA表达水平显著降低(P<0.05),其上游核因子-κB (nuclear factor kappa beta, NF-κB)通路中关键分子髓样分化因子(myeloid differentiation factor 88, MyD88)、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6, TRAF6)、转化生长因子β激活激酶1 (transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1, TAK1)和NF-𝜅B的mRNA表达量显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】植物乳杆菌后生元CFS可通过抑制NF-κB通路介导的NLRP3炎症小体缓解小鼠沙门氏菌感染和炎症反应,并且预饲中剂量CFS效果最佳。

, correspAuthors=吴艳萍, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=NJWPo2hS1hlIhiNK6rfhsQ==, magXml=eSjgPZQuQY2qV2SQDx2wUQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=46pb+dUd1nI3SahS5xe76w==, pdfFileSize=1330530, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=jADHe/mZ/825RpBwwbzy2g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=9yCQc7UtAGXIN8zKsWaBvw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=舒鑫, 黄雯霞, 马世越, 刘金松, 杨彩梅, 张瑞强, 肖肖, 吴艳萍)}, authors=[Author(id=1241444630672240838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356316015391387, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, 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challenged with ST in mice. A: The growth curves of different groups in mice. B: The weight loss ratio after challenged with ST in mice. Different letters (a, b, and c) indicate statistical significance (P<0.05). The same below., figureFileSmall=wVCmale8XyW7o1qJOPepEw==, figureFileBig=R3VqztMCAZ4WDnz9+ZH85Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638058410466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356316015391387, language=CN, label=图1, caption=小鼠体重增长及感染ST后体重损失, figureFileSmall=wVCmale8XyW7o1qJOPepEw==, figureFileBig=R3VqztMCAZ4WDnz9+ZH85Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638196822504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356316015391387, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=The effect of different dosages of CFS in the bacterial translocation of ST in mice., figureFileSmall=FlOLh635y3mduHfalCfHIg==, figureFileBig=bmrL67vCLZ5jgAHbl6LLTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638322651629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356316015391387, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同剂量CFS对小鼠沙门氏菌移位的影响, figureFileSmall=FlOLh635y3mduHfalCfHIg==, figureFileBig=bmrL67vCLZ5jgAHbl6LLTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638435897843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356316015391387, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=The effect of different dosages of CFS on the damage of colon and spleen in mice challenged with ST. A: Representative photomicrographs of colon tissue. B: Representative photomicrographs of spleen tissue. Histomorphology analysis of colon and spleen using HE staining. 100×magnification., figureFileSmall=EMXXSkeNrIEg4yKsKgupuA==, figureFileBig=BdFNeMoRAGP2hbNxXXSMvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638561726973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356316015391387, language=CN, label=图3, caption=小鼠结肠和脾脏组织病理学观察结果, figureFileSmall=EMXXSkeNrIEg4yKsKgupuA==, figureFileBig=BdFNeMoRAGP2hbNxXXSMvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638775636480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356316015391387, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=The effect of different dosages of CFS on fecal SCFAs content in mice., figureFileSmall=4S0qE+1/XZFSTnjMtUCvZw==, figureFileBig=Wrm5zw/zt0qIpPM3etdhJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638955991557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356316015391387, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同剂量CFS对小鼠粪便短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids, SCFAs)含量的影响, figureFileSmall=4S0qE+1/XZFSTnjMtUCvZw==, figureFileBig=Wrm5zw/zt0qIpPM3etdhJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444639186678283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356316015391387, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=The effect of different dosages of CFS on inflammatory factors in ST infected mice. A: IL-1β. B: IL-6. C: TNF-α. D: IL-4. 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Primer sequences for RT-PCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene namesForward primer (5′→3′)Reverse primer (5′→3′)Accession number
TLR4GCATGGATCAGAAACTCAGCAAGAGAGGTGGTGTAAGCCATGCNM_021297.3
MyD88GAAGTCGCGCATCGAGGAGGCCACCTGTAAAGGCTTCTNM_010851.3
TAK1CCTGGCTTCTCCGGAAACATCCACACAGTACTCCACCACCNM_001410482.1
TRAF6AGCGCTGCAGTGAAAGATGATCCCGTAAAGCCATCAAGCANM_001303273.1
NF-κBGGGTCACCCATGGCACCGGCGATGGGTTCCGTCTTGNM_001410442.1
NLRP3ATTACCCGCCCGAGAAAGGCATGAGTGTGGCTAGATCCAXM_036156549.1
ASCTGGAGTCGTATGGCTTGGAGTGTCCTTCAGTCAGCACACTNM_023258.4
caspase-1ACTCGTACACGTCTTGCCCTCCTGGGCAGGCAGCAAATTCNM_009807.2
GSDMDTGCGTGTGACTCAGAAGACCCAAACAGGTCATCCCCACGANM_026960.4
IL-1βACCTAGCTGTCAACGTGTGGTCAAAGCAATGTGCTGGTGCNM_008361.4
IL-18CCTTTGAGGCATCCAGGACAGGGAACAGCCAGTGTTCAGTNM_008360.2
β-actinCTGTCCCTGTATGCCTCTGATGTCACGCACGATTTCCNM_007393.5
), ArticleFig(id=1241444641720037946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356316015391387, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

RT-PCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene namesForward primer (5′→3′)Reverse primer (5′→3′)Accession number
TLR4GCATGGATCAGAAACTCAGCAAGAGAGGTGGTGTAAGCCATGCNM_021297.3
MyD88GAAGTCGCGCATCGAGGAGGCCACCTGTAAAGGCTTCTNM_010851.3
TAK1CCTGGCTTCTCCGGAAACATCCACACAGTACTCCACCACCNM_001410482.1
TRAF6AGCGCTGCAGTGAAAGATGATCCCGTAAAGCCATCAAGCANM_001303273.1
NF-κBGGGTCACCCATGGCACCGGCGATGGGTTCCGTCTTGNM_001410442.1
NLRP3ATTACCCGCCCGAGAAAGGCATGAGTGTGGCTAGATCCAXM_036156549.1
ASCTGGAGTCGTATGGCTTGGAGTGTCCTTCAGTCAGCACACTNM_023258.4
caspase-1ACTCGTACACGTCTTGCCCTCCTGGGCAGGCAGCAAATTCNM_009807.2
GSDMDTGCGTGTGACTCAGAAGACCCAAACAGGTCATCCCCACGANM_026960.4
IL-1βACCTAGCTGTCAACGTGTGGTCAAAGCAATGTGCTGGTGCNM_008361.4
IL-18CCTTTGAGGCATCCAGGACAGGGAACAGCCAGTGTTCAGTNM_008360.2
β-actinCTGTCCCTGTATGCCTCTGATGTCACGCACGATTTCCNM_007393.5
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植物乳杆菌后生元缓解小鼠沙门氏菌感染的作用效果及机理
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舒鑫 1 , 黄雯霞 1 , 马世越 1 , 刘金松 3 , 杨彩梅 1 , 张瑞强 1 , 肖肖 1 , 吴艳萍 1, 2, 3, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(4): 1095-1109
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(4): 1095-1109
植物乳杆菌后生元缓解小鼠沙门氏菌感染的作用效果及机理
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舒鑫1, 黄雯霞1, 马世越1, 刘金松3, 杨彩梅1, 张瑞强1, 肖肖1, 吴艳萍1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1 浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院, 浙江 杭州 311300
  • 2 南京农业大学动物科技学院, 江苏 南京 210095
  • 3 浙江惠嘉生物科技股份有限公司, 浙江 湖州 313300
Effects and mechanism ofLactobacillus plantarum postbiotics on protecting againstSalmonellaenterica Typhimurium infection in mice
Xin SHU1, Wenxia HUANG1, Shiyue MA1, Jinsong LIU3, Caimei YANG1, Ruiqiang ZHANG1, Xiao XIAO1, Yanping WU1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
  • 2 College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
  • 3 Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313300, Zhejiang, China
出版时间: 2024-04-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230610
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【目的】研究不同剂量的植物乳杆菌后生元缓解小鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, ST)感染的作用效果及分子机制。【方法】选择60只5周龄的C57BL/6小鼠,分为5组:Control、ST、CFS-L+ST、CFS-M+ST和CFS-H+ST,后三组分别灌胃低、中、高剂量植物乳杆菌后生元,即50、100和200 μL的无细胞培养上清(cell-free culture supernatant, CFS)预处理21 d,然后在第22天灌胃3×108 CFU ST进行攻毒,3 d后采样。【结果】与对照组相比,饲喂低、中剂量CFS小鼠体重增长无明显变化,而高剂量组体重显著降低(P<0.05)。中、高剂量CFS预处理组可显著缓解沙门氏菌感染引起的小鼠体重损失(P<0.05);饲喂3种剂量的CFS均可显著降低ST在小鼠肝脏、脾脏、结肠和脑组织的细菌移位数量(P<0.05),并缓解结肠和脾脏病理损伤。ST攻毒显著降低盲肠乙酸和丁酸含量,而中剂量CFS预处理组具改善趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。与ST组相比,预饲中剂量CFS可通过显著降低促炎因子白细胞介素-1β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)水平(P<0.05),以及显著升高抑炎因子白细胞介素-4 (interleukin-4, IL-4)和白细胞介素-10 (interleukin-10, IL-10)水平(P<0.05)缓解炎症反应。进一步研究发现,与ST组相比,CFS-M+ST组热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3 [nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing protein 3, NLRP3]炎症小体关键基因NLRP3、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, ASC)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶(caspase-1)和细胞死亡调节蛋白(gasdermin D, GSDMD)的mRNA表达水平显著降低(P<0.05),其上游核因子-κB (nuclear factor kappa beta, NF-κB)通路中关键分子髓样分化因子(myeloid differentiation factor 88, MyD88)、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6, TRAF6)、转化生长因子β激活激酶1 (transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1, TAK1)和NF-𝜅B的mRNA表达量显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】植物乳杆菌后生元CFS可通过抑制NF-κB通路介导的NLRP3炎症小体缓解小鼠沙门氏菌感染和炎症反应,并且预饲中剂量CFS效果最佳。

植物乳杆菌后生元  /  沙门氏菌感染  /  组织损伤  /  NLRP3炎症小体  /  NF-κB通路

[Objective] To investigate the effects and mechanism ofLactobacillus plantarum postbiotics at different doses on amelioratingSalmonellaenterica Typhimurium (ST) infection in mice. [Methods] Sixty 5-week C57BL/6 mice were randomized into five groups: Control, ST, CFS-L+ST, CFS-M+ST, and CFS-H+ST.Lactobacillus plantarum postbiotics (cell-free supernatant, CFS) was administrated at low (L), medium (M), and high (H) doses (50, 100, and 200 μL, respectively) for 21 days. On day 22, mice were orally challenged with ST at 3×108 CFU, and the samples were collected three days later. [Results] Compared with the control group, CFS-L+ST and CFS-M+ST groups showed no significant changes in body weight gain, while the CFS-H+ST group showed a significant decrease (P<0.05). The CFS-M+ST and CFS-H+ST groups alleviated ST-induced body weight loss (P<0.05). CFS pretreatment reduced ST-induced bacterial translocation in the colon, liver, spleen, and brain (P<0.05) and alleviated the pathological damages in the colon and spleen. ST reduced the levels of acetic acid and butyric acid in the cecum, which, however, increased in the CFS-M+ST group (P>0.05). Compared with the ST group, CFS-M+ST alleviated the inflammatory response by lowering the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (P<0.05) and elevating the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) (P<0.05). Moreover, CFS-M+ST suppressed ST-induced inflammation by modulating the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, as indicated by the down-regulated mRNA levels ofNLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific protease 1 (caspase-1), and gasdermin D (GSDMD) (P<0.05). Furthermore, CFS inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome by blocking the upstream key nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) pathway, as indicated by the down-regulated expression levels of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), and NF-κB (P<0.05). [Conclusion] L.plantarum postbiotics CFS alleviated theS.enterica Typhimurium infection and inflammatory responses in mice by inhibiting the NF-κB-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome, and the pretreatment with medium-dose CFS showed the best effects.

Lactobacillus plantarum postbiotics  /  Salmonella enterica Typhimurium infection  /  tissue injury  /  NLRP3 inflammasome  /  NF-κB pathway
舒鑫, 黄雯霞, 马世越, 刘金松, 杨彩梅, 张瑞强, 肖肖, 吴艳萍. 植物乳杆菌后生元缓解小鼠沙门氏菌感染的作用效果及机理. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (4) : 1095 -1109 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230610
Xin SHU, Wenxia HUANG, Shiyue MA, Jinsong LIU, Caimei YANG, Ruiqiang ZHANG, Xiao XIAO, Yanping WU. Effects and mechanism ofLactobacillus plantarum postbiotics on protecting againstSalmonellaenterica Typhimurium infection in mice[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (4) : 1095 -1109 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230610
沙门氏菌是一种常见的食源性人畜共患病原菌,感染人后通常引起急性发热,甚至死亡,其也可感染猪、鸡等畜禽,导致生产性能下降或死亡,造成重大经济损失[1],受感染的畜禽加工成动物源性食品将引发食品安全问题。目前,防治沙门氏菌的主要方法是抗生素,但抗生素滥用会引起耐药菌的产生和药物残留等危害,因此寻求新型抗沙门氏菌策略已成为研究重点。乳酸菌是一种理想的抗生素替代品,具有抗菌、免疫调节和改善肠道健康等益生功能,但乳酸菌具有不耐储存和肠道存活率不高等缺点,所以在实际应用受到了限制[2]。后生元是指益生菌的灭活菌体和/或其代谢产物,近年来研究发现后生元具有与活菌类似甚至更优的作用效果[3]。据报道,后生元可通过缓解盲肠损伤、减少细菌移位数量抵御沙门氏菌感染[4],但其作用机制尚不明确。
沙门氏菌侵入机体后通常会引起组织损伤以及强烈的炎症反应,而NLRP3炎症小体在炎症反应中发挥重要作用,NLRP3通过PYD-PYD相互作用激活ASC,从而促进caspase-1将pro-IL-1β和pro-IL-18转化为活性形式IL-1β和IL-18[5]。核因子-κB (nuclear factor kappa beta, NF-κB)通路包括TLR4、髓样分化因子(myeloid differentiation factor 88, MyD88)、TRAF6、TAK1和NF-κB等信号分子,其中TRAF6和TAK1在NLRP3的激活中发挥重要作用[6];NF-κB可通过上调NLRP3的PYD和pro-IL-1β的基因表达激活炎症。Chen等[7]研究发现沙门氏菌感染会导致NLRP3炎症小体以及其上游TLR4/MyD88通路过度激活,而抑制其激活有助于减少沙门氏菌感染引起的组织损伤和炎症反应。最近研究发现,后生元可抑制脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)引起NLRP3炎症小体ASC的激活,减少IL-1β释放[8]
植物乳杆菌是一种广泛应用于医药、食品和畜牧业等领域的益生菌,大量研究表明其具有抗氧化、抗炎和提高免疫功能等作用[9]。近期已有研究发现,植物乳杆菌后生元可抑制病原菌和提高机体免疫功能,例如植物乳杆菌的代谢产物在体外可抑制单增李斯特菌的生长[10]。Jeong等[11]研究报道了植物乳杆菌的灭活菌体可通过增加细胞因子IL-6、TNF-a并增强巨噬细胞的活性提高免疫功能。本实验室前期研究发现,植物乳杆菌后生元(代谢产物)在体外对沙门氏菌的生长及致病性具有较强抑制效果[12],但其是否在动物体内具有类似效果尚不明确,且作用机制有待阐明。因此本研究旨在探究不同剂量的植物乳杆菌后生元缓解小鼠沙门氏菌感染的作用效果,从调控NLRP3炎症小体通路角度阐述其分子机制。
植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum) HJZW08 (CGMCC 23777),浙江惠嘉生物科技股份有限公司提供;鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonellaenterica Typhimurium) (CGMCC 50115),本实验室保存。
MRS培养基、LB培养基、SS固体培养基,青岛海博生物技术有限公司;焦碳酸二乙酯(diethyl pyrocarbonate, DEPC)水,上海碧云天生物技术股份有限公司;氯仿、异丙醇、TRIzol和荧光定量试剂盒,杭州浩克生物科技技术公司;ELISA试剂盒,南京奥青生物技术有限公司;偏磷酸、4%多聚甲醛,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸标准品,生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司。气相色谱仪,安捷伦科技(中国)有限公司;恒温培养箱,杭州灏凯生物科技有限公司;真空冷冻干燥机,上海贺帆仪器有限公司。
取出冻存于−80 ℃的植物乳杆菌,在MRS培养基中37 ℃静置培养过夜进行复苏,再以1:50扩培48 h得到菌液(OD600为1.650,稀释涂板测得菌数为5×108 CFU/mL),8 000×g离心10 min取上清,再用0.22 μm过滤器过滤得无细胞培养上清(cell-free supernatant, CFS),分装保存在−80 ℃备用(小鼠试验灌胃的CFS来源于同一批)。采用真空冷冻干燥机冻干CFS,在冷冻−45到30 ℃、真空度10 Pa条件下持续30 h冻干,称重计算得到CFS浓度为40 mg/mL。
60只C57BL/6雄性小鼠购于杭州医学院[生产许可证为:SCXK(浙)2019-0002],购买批号为:20220901Abzz0100018156,无特定病原体(specific pathogen free, SPF)级,5周龄,饲喂SPF级饲料[科澳协力(天津)饲料有限公司]。本研究严格遵从实验动物相关伦理准则操作,并通过浙江农林大学实验动物伦理委员会批准(伦理编号为:ZAFUAC2022025)。小鼠在浙江农林大学实验动物房分笼饲养适应7 d,自由饮水、采食,光线12 h明暗自由转换,环境温度控制在(21±1) ℃。适应期结束后,小鼠随机分为5组,每组12只,分组如下:对照组(Control);沙门氏菌组(ST);低剂量CFS+沙门氏菌组(CFS-L+ST);中剂量CFS+沙门氏菌组(CFS-M+ST);高剂量CFS+沙门氏菌组(CFS-H+ST)。即后生元预饲组小鼠分别灌胃50、100和200 μL的CFS (冷冻干燥后分别为2、4和8 mg),灌胃浓度参考实验室前期研究[13]及预试验,其余组小鼠灌胃200 μL MRS,每3 d称重,持续21 d。在第22天,禁食12 h后,Control组小鼠灌胃100 μL PBS,剩余组灌胃100 μL浓度为3×109 CFU/mL的ST。感染3 d后称重采样,样品保存于−80 ℃备用。
取小鼠结肠、肝脏、脾脏和脑组织,采用10倍稀释涂布法在SS固体平板中37 ℃恒温培养24 h,统计平板上产生的黑色菌落形成单元(colony forming unit, CFU)计算沙门氏菌在各组织中的数量。
取脾脏、结肠中段,4%的多聚甲醛固定后脱水、包埋、切片和苏木素-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin, HE)染色,光学显微镜下观察各组织器官形态。
通过ELISA试剂盒检测血清炎症因子(包括IL-1β、TNF-𝛼、IL-4、IL-6和IL-10)。
取小鼠粪便于2 mL离心管中,加入无菌水(1:3,质量体积比)并在漩涡振荡器上溶解混匀,4 ℃、12 000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液置于1.5 mL离心管,之后加入25%偏磷酸(1:5,体积比)充分混匀,置于4 ℃冰箱过夜。4 ℃、12 000 r/min再次离心10 min,上清液经0.22 μm过滤器过滤后转入进样瓶待测。用气相色谱仪检测乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸的含量。
利用TRIzol试剂盒(Abclonal公司)提取总RNA,再按照说明书反转录为cDNA并储存到−80 ℃备用。PCR反应体系:2×Universal SYBR Green Fast qPCR Mix 5 μL,正、反向引物(10 μmol/L)各0.2 μL,DEPC水3.6 μL,cDNA (50 ng/μL) 1 μL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃ 3 min;95 ℃ 5 s,60 ℃ 30 s,40个循环,熔解曲线由仪器自动设置。以β-actin作为内参基因,对NLRP3炎症小体和TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路基因定量分析,并用2−∆∆Ct法计算所需基因相对表达量。引物由杭州擎科生物技术有限公司合成,具体见表1
试验数据通过Excel初步统计整理,结果采用SPSS 26.0软件分析,试验各组之间的差异采用单因素方差分析,Duncan’s检验法进行多重比较,不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),结果均以平均值±标准误表示,用GraphPad Prism 9软件绘制图表。
CFS饲喂小鼠体重增长变化由图1A可知,CFS-L、CFS-M组小鼠体重增长与Control组小鼠无显著差异,CFS-H组小鼠体重增长缓慢,在第3、9、12和15天显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。小鼠感染ST后体重损失由图1B可知,与ST组相比,Control、CFS-L+ST和CFS-M+ST组小鼠体重损失显著下降(P<0.05),CFS-L+ST组小鼠体重损失虽有降低但差异并不明显(P>0.05)。
图2可知,不同剂量CFS预饲可显著降低小鼠感染ST后各组织的细菌移位。具体而言,沙门氏菌攻毒后,结肠中ST组沙门氏菌含量为1.5×105 CFU/g,而CFS预处理组均可显著降低沙门氏菌数量(P<0.05),分别为1×105、0.5×105和0.4×105 CFU/g,并且CFS-M+ST和CFS-H+ST预处理组清除沙门氏菌能力显著优于CFS-L+ST (P<0.05)。在肝脏、脾脏和脑中,与ST组相比,低、中、高剂量CFS预处理组细菌数量也均显著降低(P<0.05)。
图3A可知,感染沙门氏菌后ST组结肠的肠绒毛坏死,肠上皮细胞受损脱落,而CFS-L+ST和CFS-H+ST组的损伤较ST有所减轻,CFS-M+ST组切片损伤并不明显。由图3B可知,ST组脾脏肿胀、出血,白髓、红髓分界不清,CFS-L+ST脾脏肿胀,CFS-H+ST有出血,但与ST组相比较轻,而CFS-M+ST组小鼠脾脏损失较轻,整体几乎与Control组一致。
图4可知,与Control组相比,ST感染后挥发性脂肪酸含量均有下降。与ST组相比,CFS-M+ST组的SCFAs含量均有升高的趋势,CFS-H+ST组乙酸、丙酸和丁酸含量也有升高的趋势,CFS-L+ST组的丁酸有下降的趋势,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。
图5可知,与Control相比,ST组IL-1β和IL-6显著升高(P<0.05)。与ST组相比,CFS-M+ST组IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α显著降低(P<0.05),IL-4和IL-10水平显著升高(P<0.05);而CFS-H+ST组IL-4显著升高和IL-6显著降低(P<0.05),IL-1β和TNF-α均有降低、IL-10升高的趋势但无显著差异(P>0.05)。
图6可知,与Control组相比,ST组回肠黏膜NLRP3炎症小体NLRP3ASCcaspase-1GSDMDIL-18的表达量显著升高(P<0.05),IL-1β表达量有升高的趋势,但并无显著差异(P>0.05)。与ST组相比,CFS-M+ST、CFS-H+ST组炎症小体NLRP3ASCcaspase-1GSDMD的表达量显著降低(P<0.05),CFS-H+ST组IL-18的表达量显著降低(P<0.05),而CFS-M+ST组IL-18和CFS-H+ST组IL-1β表达量均有降低的趋势,但并无显著差异(P>0.05)。与CFS-L+ST组相比,CFS-M+ST组IL-1β显著下降(P<0.05),CFS-M+ST和CFS-H+ST组的NLRP3显著下降(P<0.05),ASCcaspase-1GSDMDIL-18均有降低的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。以上表明中、高剂量的CFS均可通过NLRP3炎症小体缓解ST感染引起的炎症反应,且中剂量组效果最佳。
图7可知,与Control组相比,ST组MyD88TRAF6NF-κB的表达量显著升高(P<0.05),TLR4TAK1表达水平有升高的趋势,但并无显著差异(P>0.05)。与ST组相比,CFS-M+ST、CFS-H+ST组MyD88TRAF6NF-κB的表达量显著降低(P<0.05),CFS-M+ST组TAK1的表达量显著降低(P<0.05),CFS-M+ ST、CFS-H+ST组TLR4表达量有降低的趋势,但无显著差异(P>0.05)。表明中、高剂量的CFS可通过NLRP3上游TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB通路进一步缓解ST感染引起的炎症反应,且中剂量组效果更好。
沙门氏菌是一种食源性病原菌,感染后会导致腹泻、肠炎和败血症等,严重威胁着人和动物的健康。据报道,我国的畜禽屠宰厂沙门氏菌检出率居高不下,最高检出率达到36.7%,沙门氏菌污染严重[14]。后生元是指对宿主健康有益的无生命微生物和/或其成分的制剂[15]。近年来研究发现,后生元具有与益生菌类似甚至更优的抗菌、抗炎及免疫调节作用[16]。例如在结肠炎小鼠模型中,青春双歧杆菌的后生元比菌体能发挥出更强的肠道菌群调控作用[3]。此外,相对于益生菌,后生元在安全性方面更具有优势[17]。本研究发现植物乳杆菌后生元可介导NLRP3炎症小体及其上游TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB通路的基因表达减少炎症反应以缓解沙门氏菌感染。
沙门氏菌感染通常会引起体重下降和组织损伤。在本试验中,CFS预处理阶段高剂量CFS组小鼠体重增长缓慢,并在第3、9、12和15天显著低于对照组,而低、中剂量组不受影响,推测可能是高剂量CFS引起小鼠食欲下降,摄食量降低。这与Humam等[18]的研究结果类似,在肉鸡的日粮中添加0.2%、0.4%、0.6%和0.8%的后生元,其作用效果随剂量的升高而升高,在0.6%时达到最佳,提示后生元的作用可能存在一定的剂量效应。沙门氏菌侵入机体后,在肠道黏附、侵染肠上皮细胞,经过大量繁殖随着血液循环侵入组织脏器并引起病理变化[19]。本研究中ST感染后结肠、肝、脾和脑含量明显增多,但在预饲CFS后组织器官中沙门氏菌含量显著降低,这一结果与Kaur等[20]研究结果相似。另外本研究发现,与ST组小鼠相比,预饲不同剂量的CFS各组体重损失幅度降低,表明CFS可缓解沙门氏菌感染引起的体重损失,并且中、高剂量CFS表现出明显的缓解作用,可能由于CFS中某些活性物质能够抑制沙门氏菌生长[12],但其机制仍需进一步明确。此外,本研究HE染色结果显示,ST组小鼠肠绒毛断裂、肠上皮细胞损伤脱落,脾脏组织损伤等病变;而预饲不同剂量CFS组小鼠结肠结构完整,肠绒毛以及脾脏损伤较轻,而中剂量组结果近似于对照组。在Oliveira等[21]研究结果中,后生元预饲小鼠有效缓解沙门氏菌感染导致的肠道和脾脏等组织的损伤与本研究结果相似,并且有研究发现植物乳杆菌后生元可提高动物肠道屏障功能[22]。以上表明CFS可能通过改善肠道屏障缓解沙门氏菌感染导致的病理损伤。
短链脂肪酸是肠道微生物的代谢产物,可通过发酵不可消化的碳水化合物产生,能降低肠道内pH值,维持肠道屏障完整性,并为其提供能量。有研究发现SCFAs抑制沙门氏菌生长[23],Liu等[24]研究发现植物乳杆菌可通过增加粪便丙酸含量显著降低沙门氏菌的致病性。本研究结果显示ST感染显著降低了小鼠粪便中乙酸水平,这可能由于ST感染改变了肠道菌群,导致产生乙酸水平降低,而中剂量CFS组乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸水平变化均表现升高趋势。Wu等[25]研究中也发现类似的结果,植物乳杆菌后生元预饲小鼠显著提升了沙门氏菌感染后粪便乙酸与丙酸浓度,推测中剂量CFS可能通过增加SCFAs的产生来抵抗沙门氏菌感染,但具体作用机制仍需进一步研究。
沙门氏菌到达肠道后破坏肠道屏障并引发炎症。据报道,细胞因子在炎症发生过程中发挥着重要作用,IL-1β可使肠上皮细胞更容易发生损伤导致沙门氏菌入侵[26],而TNF-α过度表达将损伤肠上皮细胞、促进上皮细胞凋亡产生炎症[27],IL-6在慢性炎症中发挥促炎作用[28]。IL-10是一种Th2型抗炎细胞因子,可缓解肠道炎症引起的组织损伤[29]。Chen等[30]研究发现沙门氏菌攻毒后IL-1β、IL-6促炎因子在体内迅速增加,而IL-10分泌降低,这与本研究结果一致,ST组的促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α均升高,IL-4和IL-10减少,但预饲中剂量的CFS组小鼠显著降低了IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α含量,增加了IL-4和IL-10的分泌。Huang等[31]研究也得到了相似的结果,使用后生元降低了沙门氏菌引起的IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α分泌。Shi等[32]研究中同样发现沙门氏菌感染后布氏乳杆菌可发挥调节炎症相关细胞因子(IL-6和IL-10)的作用改善肠道炎症。以上表明中剂量的CFS可通过调控促炎因子或抗炎因子的分泌缓解沙门氏菌感染。
NLRP3炎症小体在肠道稳态中发挥着重要作用,研究表明在感染和代谢过程中激活NLRP3炎性小体对宿主免疫防御有很大帮助,但过度激活产生IL-1β和IL-18会导致炎症[33]。研究发现沙门氏菌感染后可激活NLRP3炎症小体[34],NLRP3被激活后调控ASC引起caspase-1分泌IL-1β和IL-18导致炎症[35]。通过检测回肠黏膜中NLRP3ASCcaspase-1GSDMDIL-1βIL-18表达水平,发现与ST组相比,中剂量CFS中上述基因表达均受到抑制,与Wu等[25]的研究结果一致,推测其可能抑制NLRP3炎症小体通路缓解炎症。为进一步明确CFS的抗炎作用机制,本研究探究了NLRP3上游关键信号通路,即TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB。TLR4作为一种位于细胞表面的跨膜蛋白,可感知胞外LPS刺激并迅速传递信号给MyD88从而激活NF-κB[36],当TLR4识别沙门氏菌产生的LPS后迅速在机体内启动一系列炎症反应,比如NF-κB信号通路激活后调控NLRP3炎症小体[35],Chen等[7]研究发现沙门氏菌感染后,激活了TLR4/MyD88通路的表达,进一步导致NLRP3炎症小体表达量增加。在本研究中,进一步检测了TLR4通路的表达水平,当ST侵染后回肠黏膜中TLR4/MyD88通路表达量增加,而中剂量CFS可显著减少TLR4/MyD88信号通路基因相对表达量,进而减少下游NLRP3基因表达,从而减少IL-1β和IL-18的释放,与Chen等的[7]研究一致,此外Yu等[37]研究结果表明,TLR4通路可抑制NLRP3炎症小体的表达缓解炎症,这与本团队的研究结果一致。综上所述中剂量的CFS可通过减少TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB通路激活并降低NLRP3炎症小体基因表达以此缓解沙门氏菌感染小鼠的炎症反应。
植物乳杆菌后生元CFS可通过抑制NF-κB通路介导的NLRP3炎症小体缓解小鼠沙门氏菌感染和炎症反应,并且预饲中剂量CFS效果最佳。本研究明确了后生元抵抗沙门氏菌的作用机制,进一步为后生元实际应用提供科学依据。
  • 中国博士后科学基金(2022M711659)
  • 浙江省“尖兵” “领雁”研发攻关计划(2022C02043)
  • 国家自然科学基金(32002212)
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2024年第64卷第4期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230610
  • 接收时间:2023-09-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-04-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-28
  • 录用日期:2023-12-20
基金
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M711659)
中国博士后科学基金(2022M711659)
Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C02043)
浙江省“尖兵” “领雁”研发攻关计划(2022C02043)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002212)
国家自然科学基金(32002212)
作者信息
    1 浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院, 浙江 杭州 311300
    2 南京农业大学动物科技学院, 江苏 南京 210095
    3 浙江惠嘉生物科技股份有限公司, 浙江 湖州 313300

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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