Article(id=1241356313322639707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241356311292605058, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230638, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1697558400000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1706025600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-01-24, onlineDate=1773892008381, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1712160000000, pubDateStr=2024-04-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773892008381, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773892008381, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773892008381, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241356311292605058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='4', pageStart='981', pageEnd='1321', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773892007897, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773892637358, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241358951523087136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241356311292605058, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241358951523087137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241356311292605058, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1142, endPage=1161, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241356313607852384, articleId=1241356313322639707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Comparison of soil bacterial diversity and community structure in different regions of Qinghai Province, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To investigate the diversity and community structure of soil bacteria in the farmlands in Qinghai Province. [Methods] High-throughput sequencing was employed to analyze the bacterial community structure and diversity in the soil samples of farmlands growing wheat, oilseed rape, and highland barley in Dulan, Huzhu, Gonghe, and Datong counties. Furthermore, the relationship between bacterial community structure and soil physicochemical properties was analyzed. [Results] The pH, moisture, and organic matter of soil, as well as the Chao1 and Shannon indexes and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) of soil bacteria, showed significant differences in some of these indexes (P<0.01) but no significant differences among the three crops (P > 0.05). The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the bacterial community structure was different among different regions but highly similar in the farmlands of the three crops. A total of 3 127 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 3 694 OTUs were common in the four regions and in the farmlands of the three crops, respectively. The OTUs of soil bacteria were identified as 423 species, 450 genera, 276 families, 192 orders, 93 classes of 36 phyla. The four regions or three crops had similar dominant phyla, genera, and species, while these taxa differed in relative abundance. Soil moisture, pH, and organic matter were significantly correlated with Chao1 and Shannon indexes. Soil pH and organic matter had significantly positive or negative correlations with unclassified species, unclassified RB41, and unclassifiedSphingomonas. Chao1 and Shannon indexes had significantly negative correlations with unclassifiedSphingomonas but positive correlations with unclassified RB41 and unclassifiedVicinamibacteraceae. [Conclusion] Regional differences had significant effects on soil physicochemical properties, bacterial community structure and diversity, which were more obvious than those of crop differences.

, correspAuthors=Lianyu ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*ZHOU Lianyu, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xuelan MA, Lianyu ZHOU, Wenjuan SUN, Longrui WANG, Yu LIU, Yun MA), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241356316766163359, articleId=1241356313322639707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=青海不同区域农田作物土壤细菌多样性及群落结构分析, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】探讨青海省农田土壤细菌多样性及群落结构组成。【方法】采用高通量测序技术分析都兰县、互助县、共和县和大通县种植小麦、油菜、青稞土壤细菌群落结构组成及多样性差异,并解析其与土壤理化特性的关系。【结果】4个地区的土壤pH、水分、有机质、Chao1指数、Shannon指数、线性判别分析效应大小(linear discriminant analysis effect size, LEfSe)组间差异这些指标中部分指标存在极显著差异性(P<0.01),而3种作物的这些指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)显示,不同区域细菌群落组成差异性较大,3种作物农田土壤细菌群落、物种组成相似度较高。4个地区共有3 127个可操作性分类单元(operational taxonomic units, OTUs),3种作物农田土壤细菌共有OTUs为3 694个;细菌物种隶属于36门93纲192目276科450属423种;4个地区或3种作物土壤具有相似的优势门、属、种,但相对丰度不同。水分、pH、有机质与Chao1、Shannon存在显著相关性,pH、有机质与未分类种、unclassified RB41、unclassifiedSphingomonas具有显著正相关或负相关。Chao1、Shannon与unclassifiedSphingomonas显著负相关,与unclassified RB41、unclassifiedVicinamibacteraceae显著正相关。【结论】区域差异对土壤的理化性质、细菌群落结构和多样性具有显著影响,相较于作物而言其影响更加明显。

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in soil pH and moisture content in different regions and crop fields.

A, B: Soil pH in different regions and crops. C, D: Soil moisture in different regions and crops. DLTBH, HZTBH, GHTBH, DTTBH: Farmland soils in four areas of Dulan, Huzhu, Gonghe, Datong counties; DHGDTa, DHGDBn, DHGDHv: Soils of three crops, wheat, rape and barley; a, b, c: Significance between different regions and crops (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=ue0H0lV8dRGiYo5Ykto10Q==, figureFileBig=nEtDW3kf5sCojTPPCuB//Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444632677110023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356313322639707, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同区域、作物农田土壤pH、水分含量的变化

A、B:不同地区、作物农田土壤pH. C、D:不同地区、作物农田土壤水分. DLTBH、HZTBH、GHTBH、DTTBH:都兰县、互助县、共和县、大通县4个地区农田土壤;DHGDTa、DHGDBn、DHGDHv:小麦、油菜、青稞3种作物农田土壤;a、b、c:不同区域、作物间显著性(P<0.05)

, figureFileSmall=ue0H0lV8dRGiYo5Ykto10Q==, figureFileBig=nEtDW3kf5sCojTPPCuB//Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444632794550545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356313322639707, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Changes of soil organic matter content in different regions (A) and crops (B).

A, B: Soil organic matter content in different regions and crops. DLTBH, HZTBH, GHTBH, DTTBH: Farmland soils in four areas of Dulan, Huzhu, Gonghe, Datong counties; DHGDTa, DHGDBn, DHGDHv: Soils of three crops, wheat, rape and barley; a, b, c: Significance between different regions and crops (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=Qc7mXjv0mthnRyQImT/Aew==, figureFileBig=m3ASFad/cijidF2o4IFokw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444632895213847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356313322639707, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同区域(A)、作物(B)农田土壤有机质含量的变化

DLTBH、HZTBH、GHTBH和DTTBH:都兰县、互助县、共和县和大通县4个地区农田土壤;DHGDTa、DHGDBn、DHGDHv:小麦、油菜、青稞3种作物农田土壤;a、b、c:不同区域、作物间显著性(P<0.05)

, figureFileSmall=Qc7mXjv0mthnRyQImT/Aew==, figureFileBig=m3ASFad/cijidF2o4IFokw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444633046208803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356313322639707, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Analysis of Chao1 index and Shannon index of soil bacteria in different regions and crops.

A, B: Soil Chao1 index in different regions and crops. C, D: Soil Shannon index in different regions and crops. DLTBH, HZTBH, GHTBH, DTTBH: Farmland soils in four areas of Dulan, Huzhu, Gonghe, Datong counties; DHGDTa, DHGDBn, DHGDHv: Soils of three crops, wheat, rape and barley; a, b, c: Significance between different regions and crops (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=GFAiavYoD+QCbGl1S0ctpA==, figureFileBig=dz1r+WqSBYuYF5wfH5H0QA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444633155260712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356313322639707, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同区域、作物农田土壤细菌Chao1指数、Shannon指数分析

A、B:不同地区、作物农田土壤Chao1指数. C、D:不同地区、作物农田土壤Shannon指数. DLTBH、HZTBH、GHTBH和DTTBH:都兰县、互助县、共和县和大通县4个地区农田土壤;DHGDTa、DHGDBn、DHGDHv:小麦、油菜、青稞3种作物农田土壤;a、b、c:不同区域、作物间显著性(P<0.05)

, figureFileSmall=GFAiavYoD+QCbGl1S0ctpA==, figureFileBig=dz1r+WqSBYuYF5wfH5H0QA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444633297867057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356313322639707, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Analysis of soil bacterial diversity (PCA) in different regions (A) and crops (B).

DLTBH, HZTBH, GHTBH, DTTBH: Farmland soils in four areas of Dulan, Huzhu, Gonghe, Datong counties; DHGDTa, DHGDBn, DHGDHv: Soils of three crops, wheat, rape and barley.

, figureFileSmall=Tt+n8+NqaPxjwb1Eo5eEAA==, figureFileBig=46I40wFYVjD1Jr0v8zjsIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444633398530358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356313322639707, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同区域(A)、作物(B)农田土壤细菌多样性(PCA)分析

DLTBH、HZTBH、GHTBH、DTTBH:都兰县、互助县、共和县、大通县4个地区农田土壤;DHGDTa、DHGDBn、DHGDHv:小麦、油菜、青稞3种作物农田土壤

, figureFileSmall=Tt+n8+NqaPxjwb1Eo5eEAA==, figureFileBig=46I40wFYVjD1Jr0v8zjsIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444633532748095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356313322639707, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=OTUs common and endemic to soil bacteria in different regions (A) and crops (B).

DLTBH, HZTBH, GHTBH, DTTBH: Farmland soils in four areas of Dulan, Huzhu, Gonghe, Datong counties; DHGDTa, DHGDBn, DHGDHv: Soils of three crops, wheat, rape and barley.

, figureFileSmall=QjMFkohVGRXlKYps3cTS6w==, figureFileBig=hc8n60zdQa/s2J3AwVH12A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444633683743048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356313322639707, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同区域(A)、作物(B)土壤细菌共有和特有的OTUs

DLTBH、HZTBH、GHTBH和DTTBH:都兰县、互助县、共和县和大通县4个地区农田土壤;DHGDTa、DHGDBn、DHGDHv:小麦、油菜、青稞3种作物农田土壤

, figureFileSmall=QjMFkohVGRXlKYps3cTS6w==, figureFileBig=hc8n60zdQa/s2J3AwVH12A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444633838932303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356313322639707, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Composition of the soil bacterial community at the phylum level in different regions (A) and crops (B).

DLTBH, HZTBH, GHTBH, DTTBH: Farmland soils in four areas of Dulan, Huzhu, Gonghe, Datong counties; DHGDTa, DHGDBn, DHGDHv: Soils of three crops, wheat, rape and barley.

, figureFileSmall=qwfMab0AQy4YauYjrv7qQg==, figureFileBig=HAHiTbY37N0xLOxulVAfXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444633981538648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356313322639707, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同区域(A)、作物(B)农田土壤门水平细菌群落组成

DLTBH、HZTBH、GHTBH和DTTBH:都兰县、互助县、共和县和大通县4个地区农田土壤;DHGDTa、DHGDBn、DHGDHv分别表示小麦、油菜、青稞3种作物农田土壤

, figureFileSmall=qwfMab0AQy4YauYjrv7qQg==, figureFileBig=HAHiTbY37N0xLOxulVAfXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444634119950687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356313322639707, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Composition of the soil bacterial community at the genus level in different regions (A) and crops (B).

DLTBH, HZTBH, GHTBH, DTTBH: Farmland soils in four areas of Dulan, Huzhu, Gonghe, Datong counties; DHGDTa, DHGDBn, DHGDHv: Soils of three crops, wheat, rape and barley.

, figureFileSmall=YuRGhZ389iHhZ1a1M3HIbA==, figureFileBig=0xBJaQ9nSUbOiyOuOT39cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444634266751335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356313322639707, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同区域(A)、作物(B)农田土壤属水平细菌群落组成

DLTBH、HZTBH、GHTBH和DTTBH:都兰县、互助县、共和县和大通县4个地区农田土壤;DHGDTa、DHGDBn和DHGDHv:小麦、油菜和青稞3种作物农田土壤

, figureFileSmall=YuRGhZ389iHhZ1a1M3HIbA==, figureFileBig=0xBJaQ9nSUbOiyOuOT39cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444634451300720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356313322639707, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Composition of the soil bacterial community at the species level in different regions (A) and crops (B).

DLTBH, HZTBH, GHTBH, DTTBH: Farmland soils in four areas of Dulan, Huzhu, Gonghe, Datong counties; DHGDTa, DHGDBn, DHGDHv: Soils of three crops, wheat, rape and barley.

, figureFileSmall=+tBb5Z6zOezZEMr/2kC6NA==, figureFileBig=XRI+QzhRBQpl+H3FmSt/Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444634593907064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356313322639707, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同区域(A)、作物(B)农田土壤种水平细菌群落组成

DLTBH、HZTBH、GHTBH和DTTBH:都兰县、互助县、共和县和大通县4个地区农田土壤;DHGDTa、DHGDBn、DHGDHv:小麦、油菜、青稞3种作物农田土壤

, figureFileSmall=+tBb5Z6zOezZEMr/2kC6NA==, figureFileBig=XRI+QzhRBQpl+H3FmSt/Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444634694570363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356313322639707, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Significance analysis of soil bacterial community composition differences in different regions.

DLTBH, HZTBH, GHTBH, DTTBH: Farmland soils in four areas of Dulan, Huzhu, Gonghe, Datong counties.

, figureFileSmall=1dlHFqkLK3ceI1ZwRm4u8A==, figureFileBig=BSZwp/rmia6dBA+4MfdgIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444634832982403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356313322639707, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同区域农田土壤细菌群落组成差异显著性分析

DLTBH、HZTBH、GHTBH和DTTBH分别表示都兰县、互助县、共和县和大通县4个地区农田土壤群落组成

, figureFileSmall=1dlHFqkLK3ceI1ZwRm4u8A==, figureFileBig=BSZwp/rmia6dBA+4MfdgIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444634950422922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356313322639707, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of various types

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SoilVillageEast longitude
(E)
North latitude
(N)
Altitude
(m)
CropPlant area
(m2)
Soil types
都兰县DL
  DLBn1西滩河上村
Xitanheshang
98°03′40.64″36°21′18.46″3 124Rape4 920棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLTa1西滩河上村
Xitanheshang
98°03′49.15″36°21′18.27″3 124Wheat4 472棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLHv1西滩河上村
Xitanheshang
98°03′40.64″36°21′18.46″3 124Barley3 904棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLBn2上庄村
Shangzhuang
98°05′56.83″36°16′41.07″3 221Rape3 810棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLTa2上庄村
Shangzhuang
98°05′54.27″36°16′40.03″3 223Wheat2 288棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLHv2上庄村
Shangzhuang
98°05′54.27″36°16′40.03″3 223Barley4 497棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLBn3上西台村
Shangxitai
98°06′33.27″36°14′12.07″3 262Rape4 719棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLTa3上西台村
Shangxitai
98°06′34.39″36°14′11.29″3 261Wheat7 617棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLHv3上西台村
Shangxitai
98°06′35.96″36°14′11.33″3 260Barley3 363棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLBn4中庄村
Zhongzhuang
98°05′35.96″36°02′18.36″3 100Rape2 510棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLTa4中庄村
Zhongzhuang
98°05′18.28″36°02′20.72″3 097Wheat3 196棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLHv4中庄村
Zhongzhuang
98°05′15.14″36°02′18.36″3 100Barley2 136棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
互助县HZ
  HZBn1西山根村
Xishangen
101°55′06.31″37°00′31.38″2 891Rape532暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZTa1西山根村
Xishangen
101°55′08.79″37°00′29.21″2 890Wheat973暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZHv1西山根村
Xishangen
101°55′05.94″37°00′30.98″2 888Barley818暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZBn2峡口村Xiakou101°56′59.42″37°01′45.13″3 010Rape1 935暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZTa2峡口村Xiakou101°57′33.06″37°02′21.37″3 054Wheat812暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZHv2峡口村Xiakou101°57′33.06″37°02′21.34″3 055Barley693暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZBn3东沟村Donggou101°55′24.11″37°01′43.382 997Rape3 851暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZTa3东沟村Donggou101°55′15.24″37°01′49.82″2 988Wheat2 175暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZHv3东沟村Donggou101°55′23.83″37°01′43.152 996Barley1 615暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZBn4张家庄
Zhangjiazhuang
101°53′11.21″37°01′06.21″2 864Rape709暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZTa4张家庄
Zhangjiazhuang
101°53′11.71″37°01′06.45″2 866Wheat1 212暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZHv4张家庄
Zhangjiazhuang
101°53′11.17″37°01′06.21″2 865Barley1 294暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZBn5大桦林Dahualin102°06′13.55″36°58′10.86″3 016Rape650暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZTa5大桦林Dahualin102°06′06.15″36°57′51.95″3 018Wheat1 079暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZHv5大桦林Dahualin102°06′08.23″36°57′51.71″3 017Barley618暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
共和县GH
  GHBn1乙浪堂村
Yilangtang
100°41′20.87″36°20′44.34″3 057Rape695棕钙土
Brown pedocals[23]
  GHTa1乙浪堂村
Yilangtang
100°41′20.87″36°20′44.34″3 057Wheat600棕钙土
Brown pedocals[23]
  GHHv1乙浪堂村
Yilangtang
100°41′20.87″36°20′44.34″3 057Barley143棕钙土
Brown pedocals[23]
  GHBn2沟后村Gouhou100°35′02.17″36°23′21.32″3 205Rape1 348棕钙土
Brown pedocals[23]
  GHTa2沟后村Gouhou100°35′02.22″36°23′21.33″3 206Wheat466棕钙土
Brown pedocals[23]
  GHHv2沟后村Gouhou100°35′02.21″36°23′16.54″3 200Barley841棕钙土
Brown pedocals[23]
  GHBn3塔拉村Tala99°57′52.20″36°11′23.13″3 058Rape4 010棕钙土
Brown pedocals[23]
  GHTa3塔拉村Tala99°58′48.16″36°11′58.66″3 043Wheat14 342棕钙土
Brown pedocals[23]
  GHHv3塔拉村Tala99°57′52.11″36°11′23.21″3 061Barley4 085棕钙土
Brown pedocals[23]
大通县DT
  DTBn1格达村Geda101°39′22.24″37°03′08.69″2 695Rape797栗钙土Castanozems[22]
  DTTa1格达村Geda101°39′22.20″37°03′08.68″2 694Wheat673栗钙土Castanozems[22]
  DTHv1格达村Geda101°39′27.12″37°03′11.36″2 709Barley86栗钙土Castanozems[22]
), ArticleFig(id=1241444635088834960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356313322639707, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各样地基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SoilVillageEast longitude
(E)
North latitude
(N)
Altitude
(m)
CropPlant area
(m2)
Soil types
都兰县DL
  DLBn1西滩河上村
Xitanheshang
98°03′40.64″36°21′18.46″3 124Rape4 920棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLTa1西滩河上村
Xitanheshang
98°03′49.15″36°21′18.27″3 124Wheat4 472棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLHv1西滩河上村
Xitanheshang
98°03′40.64″36°21′18.46″3 124Barley3 904棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLBn2上庄村
Shangzhuang
98°05′56.83″36°16′41.07″3 221Rape3 810棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLTa2上庄村
Shangzhuang
98°05′54.27″36°16′40.03″3 223Wheat2 288棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLHv2上庄村
Shangzhuang
98°05′54.27″36°16′40.03″3 223Barley4 497棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLBn3上西台村
Shangxitai
98°06′33.27″36°14′12.07″3 262Rape4 719棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLTa3上西台村
Shangxitai
98°06′34.39″36°14′11.29″3 261Wheat7 617棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLHv3上西台村
Shangxitai
98°06′35.96″36°14′11.33″3 260Barley3 363棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLBn4中庄村
Zhongzhuang
98°05′35.96″36°02′18.36″3 100Rape2 510棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLTa4中庄村
Zhongzhuang
98°05′18.28″36°02′20.72″3 097Wheat3 196棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
  DLHv4中庄村
Zhongzhuang
98°05′15.14″36°02′18.36″3 100Barley2 136棕钙土
Brown pedocals[21]
互助县HZ
  HZBn1西山根村
Xishangen
101°55′06.31″37°00′31.38″2 891Rape532暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZTa1西山根村
Xishangen
101°55′08.79″37°00′29.21″2 890Wheat973暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZHv1西山根村
Xishangen
101°55′05.94″37°00′30.98″2 888Barley818暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZBn2峡口村Xiakou101°56′59.42″37°01′45.13″3 010Rape1 935暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZTa2峡口村Xiakou101°57′33.06″37°02′21.37″3 054Wheat812暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZHv2峡口村Xiakou101°57′33.06″37°02′21.34″3 055Barley693暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZBn3东沟村Donggou101°55′24.11″37°01′43.382 997Rape3 851暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZTa3东沟村Donggou101°55′15.24″37°01′49.82″2 988Wheat2 175暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZHv3东沟村Donggou101°55′23.83″37°01′43.152 996Barley1 615暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZBn4张家庄
Zhangjiazhuang
101°53′11.21″37°01′06.21″2 864Rape709暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZTa4张家庄
Zhangjiazhuang
101°53′11.71″37°01′06.45″2 866Wheat1 212暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZHv4张家庄
Zhangjiazhuang
101°53′11.17″37°01′06.21″2 865Barley1 294暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZBn5大桦林Dahualin102°06′13.55″36°58′10.86″3 016Rape650暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZTa5大桦林Dahualin102°06′06.15″36°57′51.95″3 018Wheat1 079暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
  HZHv5大桦林Dahualin102°06′08.23″36°57′51.71″3 017Barley618暗栗钙土
Dark castanozems[22]
共和县GH
  GHBn1乙浪堂村
Yilangtang
100°41′20.87″36°20′44.34″3 057Rape695棕钙土
Brown pedocals[23]
  GHTa1乙浪堂村
Yilangtang
100°41′20.87″36°20′44.34″3 057Wheat600棕钙土
Brown pedocals[23]
  GHHv1乙浪堂村
Yilangtang
100°41′20.87″36°20′44.34″3 057Barley143棕钙土
Brown pedocals[23]
  GHBn2沟后村Gouhou100°35′02.17″36°23′21.32″3 205Rape1 348棕钙土
Brown pedocals[23]
  GHTa2沟后村Gouhou100°35′02.22″36°23′21.33″3 206Wheat466棕钙土
Brown pedocals[23]
  GHHv2沟后村Gouhou100°35′02.21″36°23′16.54″3 200Barley841棕钙土
Brown pedocals[23]
  GHBn3塔拉村Tala99°57′52.20″36°11′23.13″3 058Rape4 010棕钙土
Brown pedocals[23]
  GHTa3塔拉村Tala99°58′48.16″36°11′58.66″3 043Wheat14 342棕钙土
Brown pedocals[23]
  GHHv3塔拉村Tala99°57′52.11″36°11′23.21″3 061Barley4 085棕钙土
Brown pedocals[23]
大通县DT
  DTBn1格达村Geda101°39′22.24″37°03′08.69″2 695Rape797栗钙土Castanozems[22]
  DTTa1格达村Geda101°39′22.20″37°03′08.68″2 694Wheat673栗钙土Castanozems[22]
  DTHv1格达村Geda101°39′27.12″37°03′11.36″2 709Barley86栗钙土Castanozems[22]
), ArticleFig(id=1241444635264995736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356313322639707, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation analysis of agricultural soil bacterial diversity index, species level bacterial species and environmental factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MoisturepHOrganic matterChao1ShannonUnclassified speciesUnclassified RB41UnclassifiedSphingomonasUnclassifiedVicinamibacteraceae
*:不同地区、作物农田土壤细菌多样性、细菌种类与环境因子之间相关性达显著性水平(P<0.05);**:相关性达极显著水平(P<0.01)
*: There was significant correlation between soil bacterial diversity, bacterial species and environmental factors in different regions and crops (P<0.05); **: The correlation of extremely significant level (P<0.01).
Moisture1
pH−0.431**1
Organic matter0.563**−0.652**1
Chao10.514**−0.331*0.541**1
Shannon0.349*−0.335*0.526**0.851**1
Unclassified species−0.418**0.494**−0.320*−0.344*−0.2601
Unclassified RB410.282−0.420**0.578**0.451**0.463**0.0581
UnclassifiedSphingomonas−0.2750.409**−0.361*−0.449**−0.632**0.518**−0.2131
UnclassifiedVicinamibacteraceae0.1180.0140.350*0.421**0.346*0.327*0.687**0.0991
), ArticleFig(id=1241444635382436255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356313322639707, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

农田土壤细菌多样性指数、种水平细菌种类与环境因子间相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MoisturepHOrganic matterChao1ShannonUnclassified speciesUnclassified RB41UnclassifiedSphingomonasUnclassifiedVicinamibacteraceae
*:不同地区、作物农田土壤细菌多样性、细菌种类与环境因子之间相关性达显著性水平(P<0.05);**:相关性达极显著水平(P<0.01)
*: There was significant correlation between soil bacterial diversity, bacterial species and environmental factors in different regions and crops (P<0.05); **: The correlation of extremely significant level (P<0.01).
Moisture1
pH−0.431**1
Organic matter0.563**−0.652**1
Chao10.514**−0.331*0.541**1
Shannon0.349*−0.335*0.526**0.851**1
Unclassified species−0.418**0.494**−0.320*−0.344*−0.2601
Unclassified RB410.282−0.420**0.578**0.451**0.463**0.0581
UnclassifiedSphingomonas−0.2750.409**−0.361*−0.449**−0.632**0.518**−0.2131
UnclassifiedVicinamibacteraceae0.1180.0140.350*0.421**0.346*0.327*0.687**0.0991
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青海不同区域农田作物土壤细菌多样性及群落结构分析
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马学兰 1, 2, 3 , 周连玉 1, 2, 3, * , 孙文娟 3 , 王龙瑞 3 , 刘钰 3 , 马云 3
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(4): 1142-1161
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(4): 1142-1161
青海不同区域农田作物土壤细菌多样性及群落结构分析
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马学兰1, 2, 3, 周连玉1, 2, 3, * , 孙文娟3, 王龙瑞3, 刘钰3, 马云3
作者信息
  • 1 高原科学与可持续发展研究院, 青海 西宁 810008
  • 2 青海省青藏高原药用动植物资源重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810008
  • 3 青海师范大学生命科学学院, 青海 西宁 810008
Comparison of soil bacterial diversity and community structure in different regions of Qinghai Province
Xuelan MA1, 2, 3, Lianyu ZHOU1, 2, 3, * , Wenjuan SUN3, Longrui WANG3, Yu LIU3, Yun MA3
Affiliations
  • 1 Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in Qinghai Province, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
  • 3 School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
出版时间: 2024-04-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230638
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【目的】探讨青海省农田土壤细菌多样性及群落结构组成。【方法】采用高通量测序技术分析都兰县、互助县、共和县和大通县种植小麦、油菜、青稞土壤细菌群落结构组成及多样性差异,并解析其与土壤理化特性的关系。【结果】4个地区的土壤pH、水分、有机质、Chao1指数、Shannon指数、线性判别分析效应大小(linear discriminant analysis effect size, LEfSe)组间差异这些指标中部分指标存在极显著差异性(P<0.01),而3种作物的这些指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)显示,不同区域细菌群落组成差异性较大,3种作物农田土壤细菌群落、物种组成相似度较高。4个地区共有3 127个可操作性分类单元(operational taxonomic units, OTUs),3种作物农田土壤细菌共有OTUs为3 694个;细菌物种隶属于36门93纲192目276科450属423种;4个地区或3种作物土壤具有相似的优势门、属、种,但相对丰度不同。水分、pH、有机质与Chao1、Shannon存在显著相关性,pH、有机质与未分类种、unclassified RB41、unclassifiedSphingomonas具有显著正相关或负相关。Chao1、Shannon与unclassifiedSphingomonas显著负相关,与unclassified RB41、unclassifiedVicinamibacteraceae显著正相关。【结论】区域差异对土壤的理化性质、细菌群落结构和多样性具有显著影响,相较于作物而言其影响更加明显。

农田土壤  /  细菌多样性  /  群落结构  /  理化性质

[Objective] To investigate the diversity and community structure of soil bacteria in the farmlands in Qinghai Province. [Methods] High-throughput sequencing was employed to analyze the bacterial community structure and diversity in the soil samples of farmlands growing wheat, oilseed rape, and highland barley in Dulan, Huzhu, Gonghe, and Datong counties. Furthermore, the relationship between bacterial community structure and soil physicochemical properties was analyzed. [Results] The pH, moisture, and organic matter of soil, as well as the Chao1 and Shannon indexes and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) of soil bacteria, showed significant differences in some of these indexes (P<0.01) but no significant differences among the three crops (P > 0.05). The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the bacterial community structure was different among different regions but highly similar in the farmlands of the three crops. A total of 3 127 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 3 694 OTUs were common in the four regions and in the farmlands of the three crops, respectively. The OTUs of soil bacteria were identified as 423 species, 450 genera, 276 families, 192 orders, 93 classes of 36 phyla. The four regions or three crops had similar dominant phyla, genera, and species, while these taxa differed in relative abundance. Soil moisture, pH, and organic matter were significantly correlated with Chao1 and Shannon indexes. Soil pH and organic matter had significantly positive or negative correlations with unclassified species, unclassified RB41, and unclassifiedSphingomonas. Chao1 and Shannon indexes had significantly negative correlations with unclassifiedSphingomonas but positive correlations with unclassified RB41 and unclassifiedVicinamibacteraceae. [Conclusion] Regional differences had significant effects on soil physicochemical properties, bacterial community structure and diversity, which were more obvious than those of crop differences.

farmland soil  /  bacterial diversity  /  community structure  /  physicochemical properties
马学兰, 周连玉, 孙文娟, 王龙瑞, 刘钰, 马云. 青海不同区域农田作物土壤细菌多样性及群落结构分析. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (4) : 1142 -1161 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230638
Xuelan MA, Lianyu ZHOU, Wenjuan SUN, Longrui WANG, Yu LIU, Yun MA. Comparison of soil bacterial diversity and community structure in different regions of Qinghai Province[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (4) : 1142 -1161 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230638
在农田生态系统中存在细菌、真菌、古菌等多种微生物,微生物的新陈代谢活动决定着土壤物质和能量交换[1-2],是衡量土壤健康、肥力的重要指标之一[3-4]。土壤细菌对促进植物生长[5]、提高植物重金属耐受性[6]与耐旱性[7]、修复土壤农药污染[8]以及分解转化土壤有机质[9]等具有重要作用。细菌作为土壤微生物中数量最大、种类最多的一类类群,研究其群落结构、功能及与植被的关系有利于土壤生态系统稳定性的维持。对美国厄巴纳、哥伦比亚、奥罗拉、伊萨卡和兰辛5个地区农田土壤细菌多样性指数分析发现,哥伦比亚地区操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units, OTUs)最丰富,厄巴纳地区土壤与纽约州奥罗拉、伊萨卡和兰辛土壤α多样性无显著差异;但主坐标分析(principal co-ordinates analysis, PCoA)发现,奥罗拉、伊萨卡、兰辛地区土壤在地图上距离较近,而厄巴纳、哥伦比亚两地区分布较远[10]。同一地区种植的3个玉米品种土壤中细菌群落的Shannon、Simpson、Richness和Chao1指数无显著差异[11]。研究者通过高通量测序分析中国19个省采集的21个玉米田土壤共获得了5 318个操作分类单元,其中变形菌门(43.1%)、放线菌门(24.4%)、酸杆菌门(10.7%)、绿弯菌门(6.0%)和芽单胞菌门(5.5%)为优势菌门;在纲水平上,主要为β-变形菌纲、α-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲、δ-变形菌纲和放线菌纲[12]。3个玉米品种土壤的优势门有变形菌门和放线菌门,属水平上的细菌群落组成在玉米品种之间存在差异[11]。由此可见,不同区域或作物影响着土壤中细菌群落组成;此外,农田管理制度(土地利用扰动、耕作方式、施肥、农药或除草剂应用)、气候、土壤理化性质(pH、质地、水分和温度)和植被等因素会导致微生物群落组成的变化[13-19]
土壤细菌种群易受到环境因子的影响。通过皮尔逊相关性分析发现,不同地域21个玉米田硝化螺旋菌属、斯克尔曼氏菌属与土壤pH呈正相关,侏儒囊菌属(Nannocystis)与速效氮呈正相关,发仙菌属(Pilimelia)、NononomuraeaRubbellimicroum、中华根瘤菌属与年平均降水量呈负相关,气氨微菌与年平均气温呈负相关(P<0.05)[12]。3个玉米品种土壤样品相关性分析表明,4个细菌群落多样性指标(Shannon、Simpson、Richness、Chao1)与水分、全氮含量呈显著负相关[11]。由此可见,这些理化因子或气候指标与细菌群落组成之间存在密切的联系。高寒区不同地域农作物土壤细菌群落结构研究较少,而青海地处高原,气候变化具有明显的高原特色,在高寒环境下农田土壤中可能蕴含着独特的细菌类群。
青海省位于我国西北部,青藏高原的东北隅,地处31°9−39°19′N,89°35′−103°04′E,南北宽约800 km,东西长约1 200 km,总面积约72.23万km2,境内地势西高东低,日照时间长,空气稀薄,大部分地区海拔3 300−5 000 m。共设有7个市辖区,分为2个地级市(西宁市、海东市)、6个自治州(海北藏族自治州、海南藏族自治州、海西蒙古族藏族自治州、黄南藏族自治州、果洛藏族自治州和玉树藏族自治州),种植的农作物主要有小麦、青稞、油菜。本研究通过从西宁市大通县、海东市互助县、海南藏族自治州共和县和海西蒙古族藏族自治州都兰县4地采集种植小麦、青稞、油菜作物的土壤样品,分析土壤理化性质、细菌群落多样性,尝试解析青海不同区域以及作物农田土壤微生物群落结构特征,并揭示其与土壤环境因子的关系,为高寒地区农田生态系统分子研究以及农田生态稳定功能提供依据。
土壤样品采集于青海省都兰县(DL)、互助县(HZ)、共和县(GH)及大通县(DT) 4地种植小麦(Triticum aestivum L., Ta)、油菜(Brassica napus L., Bn)、青稞(Hordeum vulgare L. var.nudum Hook. f, Hv)作物的田间土壤,分别位于青海省海西蒙古族藏族自治州、海东市、海南藏族自治州、西宁市,耕作制度为一年一熟制,作物收获后人工翻耕冬灌休闲,至翌年春季再行播种。采集区县(市)降水量主要集中在每年的6−8月。都兰县平均高温为27 ℃,平均低温16 ℃,降水量为179.1 mm;互助县平均高温为28 ℃,平均低温为16 ℃,降水量为350−650 mm;共和县平均高温为23 ℃,平均低温为10 ℃,降水量为250−420 mm[20];大通县平均高温为24 ℃,平均低温为10 ℃,降水量为450−800 mm (气温查询于https://www.tianqi.com)。青稞耐寒性强,生长期短,高产早熟,采集过程中发现青稞作物种植较少,为了保证土壤性质一致,减少土壤性质差异性,选取同一村庄3种作物土壤,因此在都兰县3种作物共选取4个样点,互助县选取5个样点,共和县选取3个样点,大通县选取1个样点,共获得39个样品土壤。各样地基本信息见表1
土样采集于2022年7月中旬,用不锈钢土钻采样器以“S”型采取5个点,采取5−20 cm非根际土壤,后将5点土样充分混匀。将土样分为2份,一份放于无菌管中,带回实验室后保存于−80 ℃的冰箱中,用于做Illumina高通量测序;另一份放于密封袋内,用于土壤理化性质的测定。
土壤pH、水分、有机质测定分别采用酸度计电位法、烘干称重法、重铬酸钾氧化-外加热法[24-25]
土壤总DNA使用HiPure Soil DNA Kit (Azenta公司)按照说明手册的操作步骤进行提取。使用苏州金唯智生物科技有限公司设计的PCR引物(5′-CCTACGGRRBGCASCAGKVRVGAAT-3′,5′-GGACTACNVGGGTWTCTAATCC-3′)[26]扩增原核生物16S rRNA基因V3、V4的2个高度可变区。PCR扩增体系:TransStart Buffer 2.5 μL,dNTPs 2 μL,2×Primers各1 μL,TransStartTaq DNA Polymerase (2.5 U/μL) 0.5 μL,DNA模板20 ng,ddH2O补足至25 μL。PCR反应条件:94 ℃预变性3 min;94 ℃变性5 s,57 ℃退火90 s,72 ℃延伸10 s,进行24个循环;72 ℃延伸5 min。
使用Qubit® dsDNA HS Assay Kit (苏州金唯智生物科技有限公司)检测DNA浓度。检测合格后按Illumina MiSeq/NovaSeq (Illumina)仪器使用说明书进行PE250/FE300双端测序。总DNA提取、PCR扩增及文库构建、高通量测序由安升达公司完成。
测序平台下机的数据,经过质量过滤,去除嵌合体序列,得到最终OTU,得到的OTU利用QIIME软件对样品的有效序列进行OTUs聚类(相似度97%以上),使用RDP classifier贝叶斯算法对97%相似水平的OTU代表序列进行分类学分析,比对数据库为Silva 138 16S rRNA database,获得门、属、种各水平下的分类单元,用QIIME (1.9.1)计算α、β多样性指数,使用线性判别分析效应大小(linear discriminant analysis effect size, LEfSe)软件分析比较各组之间在菌种组成上有显著差异的物种。
土壤理化性质数据采用SPSS 26进行皮尔逊相关性、单因素方差分析(P<0.05),Origin 2021进行绘图。
图1A1C发现,农田土壤pH、水分在部分地区间具有极显著差异(P<0.01),共和土壤pH显著高于都兰、互助、大通地区3.26%−6.22%;互助土壤水分比都兰、共和土壤分别高50.00%、63.64%,达到显著性差异。小麦、油菜、青稞土壤pH、水分均无显著差异性(P>0.05) (图1B1D);小麦、油菜、青稞土壤中pH值范围分别为7.87−8.78、7.56−8.71、8.61−8.95,土壤水分变化依次为6.84%−23.32%、4.67%−22.32%、3.80%−20.60%。
不同地区、作物农田土壤有机质的变化情况如图2A2B所示,互助县土壤有机质显著高于其他地区(P<0.01),分别比都兰、共和、大通土壤有机质高129.06%、86.61%、40.79% (图2A);小麦、油菜、青稞土壤中有机质含量分别为8.10−37.56、2.17−44.93、10.62−44.22 g/kg,这3种作物之间有机质含量差异不显著(P>0.05) (图2B)。
图3A3C可知,互助县农田中细菌Chao1指数和Shannon指数与其他3个地区具有显著性差异(P<0.05),且互助地区土壤细菌Chao1指数和Shannon指数高于其他地区(都兰、共和、大通) 5.21%−7.87%和3.40%−4.28%,达到显著水平(P<0.05)。3种作物之间细菌Chao1指数和Shannon指数并无显著性差异(P>0.05) (图3B3D)。
对青海4地区3种作物农田土壤细菌的OTUs数量矩阵进行主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA),由图4A4B可知,4个地区间样本重叠性较少,尤其都兰距离其他3地较远;而3种作物样本间距离较近。
由OTU聚类分析(图5A)可知,4个地区共有3 127个OTUs,其中都兰县、互助县、共和县及大通县特有OTUs分别为58、54、4和3个。3种不同作物农田土壤细菌共有OTUs为3 694个,其中小麦、油菜、青稞地中特有OTUs分别为4、15、8个(图5B)。
门水平共检测到36个细菌门,由图6A发现,4个地域间的农田土壤细菌平均相对丰度超过1%的门共9个,包括变形菌门(26.79%−33.46%)、酸杆菌门(21.52%−31.20%)、拟杆菌门(15.58%−20.57%)、芽单胞菌门(5.62%−7.48%)、放线菌门(4.04%−6.36%)、绿弯菌门(3.84%−4.69%)、硝化菌门(1.18%−2.13%)、黏菌门(1.50%−1.90%)和疣微菌门(1.28%−1.47%)。其中变形菌门、酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门为4个地区的优势菌门,变形菌门在都兰县土壤中相对丰度最大,在共和县中最少;酸杆菌门则在互助县土壤中最多,在都兰县最少;拟杆菌门则在大通县土壤中最多,在互助县最少。由图6B可知,小麦、油菜、青稞土壤中优势菌门同地域间细菌门,变形菌门、酸杆菌门和拟杆菌门在3种作物土壤占比丰度分别为29.25%−30.12%、27.08%−27.95%、16.72%−17.87%,其中变形菌门在油菜土壤中分布最多,小麦土壤中最少;拟杆菌门在青稞中最多,油菜中最少;酸杆菌门在油菜中最多,青稞中最少。
从属水平上共检测出450个细菌属,图7A可知,不同区域间细菌丰度大于1%的细菌种类分别有21、19、18和19种,其中互助县优势菌为未分类属(8.58%)、RB41 (8.09%)、Vicinamibacteraceae (4.49%),其他3个地区优势菌均为未分类属、RB41、鞘氨醇单胞菌属,相对丰度分别为4.34%−7.68%、6.33%−8.81%、4.80%−7.56%。未分类的细菌属相对丰度在4个地区均最大。由图7B分析可知,3种作物土壤细菌丰度超过1%的细菌属类群分别有18、19、17个,在各作物中细菌丰度前3的分别为未分类属、RB41、unclassifiedGemmatimonadaceae,相对丰度依次为7.98%−8.62%、6.16%−6.60%、4.33%−4.69%,其中在3种作物中分布最多的均为未分类细菌。
图8A8B所示,分析发现从种水平上,土壤中共检测出423个细菌类型。4个区域相对丰度超过1%的细菌种类分别有13、14、13、15个。未培养未分类细菌相对丰度为26.37%−33.52%,unclassified RB41相对丰度为4.22%−7.69%,其中未分类细菌相对丰度在共和县最大,都兰县最小;unclassified RB41在互助县最大,都兰县最小。3种作物中细菌丰度大于1%的类群均为13个,小麦、油菜、青稞地中优势菌与地区细菌种类相同,其中未培养未分类细菌丰度为28.63%−29.78%,unclassified RB41相对丰度为5.92%−6.32%。
由LEfSe进化分支图(图9)所知,4个地区47个细菌分类群在统计学上有显著差异,其中都兰县作物土壤中共富集了10个分类群,共2纲3目3科2属。互助县土壤中共有11个分类群相对丰度较高,分别为2纲(硝化螺旋菌纲和Blastocatellia)、3目(硝化螺旋菌目、Pyrinomonadales和伯克霍尔德氏菌目)、4科(硝化螺旋菌科、亚硝化单胞菌科、栖火山单胞菌科和萨特氏菌科)、2属(RB41和硝化螺旋菌属)。共和县土壤中共富集了15个分类群,共4纲4目5科2属。大通县中相对丰度较高的细菌共有1纲4目3科3属,共11个细菌分类群。比较3种作物农田土壤细菌发现,其细菌分类群在统计学上无显著差异。
选择分类水平总丰度前4的种,评估农田土壤细菌与环境变量之间的相关性。由表2发现,水分与pH、有机质、Chao1指数和未分类种存在极显著正或负相关性(P<0.01);pH与有机质、unclassified species、unclassifiedSphingomonas、unclassified RB41存在极显著正或负相关性(P<0.01),与Chao1指数、Shannon指数存在显著负相关性(P<0.05);有机质除与unclassified species、unclassifiedSphingomonas存在显著负相关性外,与Chao1指数、Shannon指数、unclassified RB41存在极显著正相关性(P<0.01),相关系数分别为0.541、0.526、0.578。Chao1指数与Shannon、unclassified RB41、unclassifiedVicinamibacteraceae存在显著正相关性,与unclassified species、unclassifiedSphingomonas存在显著负相关性;Shannon指数与unclassified RB41、unclassifiedSphingomonas相关系数分别为0.463、−0.632,达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。
多样性指数、优势度指数和均匀度指数等3个常用指数通常被用来反映土壤微生物群落的多样性,可以揭示土壤微生物种群组成的差别。研究发现,微生物具有种-面积关系、距离-衰减关系以及广域种-稀有种的分化等时空演变规律[27]。4个区域中互助地区土壤细菌Chao1和Shannon指数均显著高于都兰、共和、大通地区。研究发现山东、山西、辽宁、江西和福建5个地区的农田土壤细菌Chao1指数、Shannon指数范围分别为1 524−2 596、9.19−10.44;江西地区农田土壤中Chao1指数显著低于其他地区,而Shannon指数则是福建地区农田土壤显著低于辽宁、山西地区[28]。这些结果说明细菌多样性地理分布存在差异性。3个玉米品种土壤中细菌多样性指数(Shannon、Simpson、Richness和Chao1)无显著差异[11],该结果与本研究结果类似。此外,本研究也发现微生物多样性指数地域间差别要明显高于作物间,其原因可能是海拔、气候、理化性质(土壤质地、土壤养分、含水量和酸碱度)等因素起到关键作用,而植物类型或根系分泌物对土壤细菌多样性产生较小的影响[29]。研究发现土壤有机质、含水量、pH会影响土壤微生物多样性及群落组成[30]。本研究中互助县农田土壤水分、有机质含量高于其他地区,且互助县细菌Chao1指数和Shannon指数也显著高于其他地区,某些细菌丰度也在互助县土壤中最大,可能是受到含水量等因素影响。
地理距离和环境变化通常会引起微生物群落组成[31]及丰度发生变化。Liu等[32]对种植玉米、大豆、小麦的26个不同地区土壤细菌进行研究发现,优势菌门为酸杆菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门、绿弯菌门、芽单胞菌门和浮霉菌门。测定小麦土壤发现变形菌门、放线菌门和酸杆菌门在土壤中占主导地位[33]。3个高粱品种土壤中优势细菌属为新根瘤菌属、马赛菌属、泛菌属、Dugnella和鞘氨醇单胞菌属,且这些优势属分别来自变形菌门、拟杆菌门、酸性菌门、放线菌门和厚壁菌门[34]。本研究中变形菌门、酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门是3种作物及4个区域土壤细菌中的优势类群,但相对丰度不同,在门水平上优势细菌门与Fan等[33]、Zhao等[34]研究结果类似,其他生态系统中也证实这几类细菌门也分布较多。变形菌门与碳的利用有关[35-36],目前已在草莓、拟南芥、玉米和枸杞等土壤中发现富集分布,能够适应多种植物根际微环境[37];酸杆菌能够降解复杂的木质素和纤维素从而为土壤提供养分,与土壤酸碱性密切相关[38-40]。属水平上,3种作物及4个地区农田土壤中优势细菌属分别为未分类属、RB41、unclassifiedGemmatimonadaceae,但相对丰度不同,这些优势属与Zhao等[34]发现的属不同,可能是由于地理格局(气候、海拔等)造成的区域差异性。其中RB41在土壤的碳循环以及贫瘠土壤的物质代谢中均发挥重要作用[41]。青海农田土壤中存在多种未知细菌类群,其原因可能是独特地理位置与气候条件,也可能是对该地区的研究较少,今后可进一步挖掘青海地区微生物资源。
Hou等[42]研究发现地理距离和环境因素(pH、地理距离、年平均气温、海拔、有效磷和有效钾)对水稻土中丰富的(酸杆菌、绿弯菌门)和稀有(未分类细菌、浮霉菌门)的亚群落有不同影响。对吉林省206个采样点不同作物(玉米、水稻、大豆、人参、花生、苹果梨或向日葵)土壤进行相关性分析发现,土壤pH与有机碳、速效氮、速效磷呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与细菌OTUs数量和土壤细菌α多样性指数(Simpson、Shannon、Chao1和Ace指数)呈显著正相关(P<0.05);土壤养分含量(有机碳、速效氮、磷和钾)与土壤微生物群落组成(OTUs和α多样性指数)呈负相关[43]。对3个玉米品种土壤进行相关性分析发现,Shannon、Simpson、Richness和Chao1指数与水分、全氮含量呈显著负相关[11]。此外,不同区域海拔高度的变化会引起温度、气候等环境因子的剧烈变化[44-45]。本研究中农田土壤理化因子(pH、水分、有机质)对部分土壤微生物多样性指数(Ace、Chao1、Shannon)及种水平细菌(未分类种、unclassified RB41、unclassifiedSphingomonas)存在显著的相关性。由此可见,一定区域土壤微生物群落结构及多样性受多因素综合影响[46]
青海4个地区3种作物土壤中物种分类显示细菌种类隶属于36门93纲192目276科450属423种。不同区域土壤理化性质、细菌多样性及细菌分类群差异更显著,而不同作物土壤差异不显著。皮尔逊相关性分析发现,部分土壤细菌多样性指数、种水平细菌种类丰度与土壤的理化性质间存在显著相关关系。今后可进一步采用高通量技术分析土壤真菌、固碳细菌多样性,测定土壤其他理化性质(如硝态氮、铵态氮、全磷和全硫等)以及土壤酶活性(蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶等),以揭示青海不同区域农田土壤微生物多样性、群落结构组成以及分离培养未知菌,开发青海微生物资源。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32260345)
  • 青海省科技计划(2022-ZJ-740)
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2024年第64卷第4期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230638
  • 接收时间:2023-10-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-04-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-18
  • 录用日期:2024-01-24
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260345)
国家自然科学基金(32260345)
Science and Technology Program of Qinghai Province(2022-ZJ-740)
青海省科技计划(2022-ZJ-740)
作者信息
    1 高原科学与可持续发展研究院, 青海 西宁 810008
    2 青海省青藏高原药用动植物资源重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810008
    3 青海师范大学生命科学学院, 青海 西宁 810008

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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