Article(id=1241356312970318165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241356311292605058, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230477, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1689350400000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1705507200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-01-18, onlineDate=1773892008297, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1712160000000, pubDateStr=2024-04-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773892008297, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773892008297, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773892008297, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241356311292605058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='4', pageStart='981', pageEnd='1321', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773892007897, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773892637358, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241358951523087136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241356311292605058, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241358951523087137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241356311292605058, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1044, endPage=1063, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241356313276502361, articleId=1241356312970318165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Optimization and evaluation of a compound bacterial agent degrading autotoxins of tobacco, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Background] Long-term continuous cropping of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leads to the accumulation of autotoxins, which aggravates the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt (TBW) caused byRalstoniasolanacearum and causing great economic losses of tobacco production. [Objective] To develop a compound bacterial agent capable of controlling TBW in the field with long-term continuous cropping of tobacco. [Methods] We formulated compound bacterial agents with screened strains capable of degrading autotoxins. Orthogonal design and single factor experiments were employed to optimize the strain ratio and the dosages of additives. The inhibition performance of the compound bacterial agent on TBW was evaluated in a greenhouse and in a field with continuous cropping of tobacco for 15 years. [Results] Orthogonal experiments showed that the optimal ratio ofBacillus sp. NO1,Brucella sp. NO8,Bacillus sp. NO9, andBacillus sp. NO10 in the compound bacterial agent was 1:3:4:2. Single factor experiments showed that the best vector was silica. The best wetting agent and dispersant were sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) and sodium butylnaphthalene sulfonate (SBNS), respectively, which were optimized to be added at the dosages of 2%. The optimal concentration of the stabilizer glycerin was 1.0%. Pot experiments showed that both the degradation rate of six autotoxins and the inhibition rate of TBW by the compound bacterial agent reached over 78%. The results of the field experiment showed that the compound bacterial agent diluted by 100 folds had significant degradation effects on six autotoxins in the tobacco field with continuous cropping for 15 years. Moreover, the agent significantly increased the height, stem circumference, and waist leaf length and width of tobacco plants, thus promoting the growth and development of tobacco. In addition, the agent regulated the rhizosphere microbiota of tobacco, as manifested by the decreased relative abundance ofClostridium_sensu_stricto_1,Ralstonia, andCellulomonas and the increased relative abundance ofDevosia,Flavobacterium, andSphingomonas. The agent decreased the incidence rate and disease index of TBW from 92.22% and 48.19% to 18.15% and 9.52%, respectively, with a control effect of 80%. [Conclusion] The optimized compound bacterial agent significantly reduces the incidence rate and disease index of TBW in the field with long-term continuous cropping of tobacco, which provides a solution for the prevention and control of TBW.

, correspAuthors=Haibo XIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*XIANG Haibo, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wenjuan YANG, Jun YU, Chunlei YANG, Hao LI, Jinpeng YANG, Xiaoqiong YANG, Yong YANG, Haibo XIANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241356317026210216, articleId=1241356312970318165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=烟草化感自毒物质降解复合菌剂的优化及应用效果评价, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

烟草(Nicotianatabacum)长期连作导致土壤中烟草自身分泌的化感自毒物质的积累,加剧了烟草青枯病(tobacco bacterial wilt, TBW)的发生,严重威胁烟草的生产并造成了巨大的经济损失。【目的】获得对长期连作烟田青枯病具有显著防治效果的复合菌剂。【方法】利用筛选到的烟草化感自毒物质降解菌株构建复合菌剂,通过正交试验和单因素试验对菌种配比和助剂进行优化,对其在温室盆栽和连作烟田生产的应用效果进行评价。【结果】正交试验结果表明,复合菌剂中芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.) NO1、布鲁氏菌(Brucella sp.) NO8、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.) NO9和NO10的最佳菌种配比为1:3:4:2;单因素试验结果表明最佳的载体为白炭黑;最佳润湿剂和分散剂分别为六偏磷酸钠和丁基萘磺酸钠,其最佳比例为1:1,最佳用量各为2%;稳定剂甘油的最佳浓度为1.0%。盆栽试验结果显示,复合菌剂对6种化感自毒物质的降解率和对青枯病的抑制率均达到78%以上。大田试验结果显示,100倍稀释的复合菌剂对连作15年烟田中的6种化感自毒物质具有显著的降解效果,并且能明显增加烟株的株高、茎围、腰叶长和腰叶宽,有效促进了烟草的生长发育;同时还调节了烟草根围微生物的丰度,显著抑制了狭义梭菌属1 (Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1)、劳尔氏菌属(Ralstonia)和纤维单胞属(Cellulomonas)等的相对丰度,大幅提高了戴沃斯菌属(Devosia)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)和鞘氨醇单胞属(Sphingomonas)等的相对丰度。青枯病的发病率和病情指数也从处理前的92.22%和48.19%分别降低到18.15%和9.52%,防效超过了80.00%。【结论】本研究优化的复合菌剂显著降低了长期连作烟田青枯病的病情指数,可为长期连作烟田青枯病的防控提供解决方案。

, correspAuthors=向海波, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=jfSqEY9xqvYPbX6jXq2CTw==, magXml=siLqRklx7LcqwcW130b2iw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=6xIrmGA3MsphcsN1DDEvsg==, pdfFileSize=1112439, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=6QSDZYiX3LMTN2JWgunaOw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=gbiuu0S23xT84aR3oFLo1Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=杨文娟, 余君, 杨春雷, 李浩, 杨锦鹏, 杨小琼, 杨勇, 向海波)}, authors=[Author(id=1241444629791436919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, 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Fuzhou: Master's Thesis of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 2010 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241444652537148256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, doi=10.1038/s41522-020-0117-2, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=8, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU QL, TAN L, GU SS, XIAO YS, XIONG XY, ZENG WA, FENG K, WEI Z, DENG Y.Network analysis infers the wilt pathogen invasion associated with non-detrimental bacteria[J].NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes,2020,6:8., articleTitle=Network analysis infers the wilt pathogen invasion associated with non-detrimental bacteria, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241444652629422947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, doi=10.1016/j.micres.2023.127349, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=270, issue=null, pageStart=127349, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=Microbiological Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI JX, ZHANG Q, LI M, YANG XJ, DING J, HUANG JH, YAO PW, ZHANG XQ, LI XL, YANG L.Multi-factor correlation analysis of the effect of root-promoting practices on tobacco rhizosphere microecology in growth stages[J].Microbiological Research,2023,270:127349., articleTitle=Multi-factor correlation analysis of the effect of root-promoting practices on tobacco rhizosphere microecology in growth stages, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241444643070603893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, awardId=110202101059(XJ-08), language=EN, fundingSource=Key Technology Projects of China National Tobacco Corporation(110202101059(XJ-08)), fundOrder=null, country=null), 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Company(027Y2021-001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241444643729109652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, awardId=027Y2021-001, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省烟草公司科技项目(027Y2021-001), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241444629485252709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241444629493641318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, companyId=1241444629485252709, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241444629502029926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, companyId=1241444629485252709, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 湖北大学生命科学学院 省部共建生物催化与酶工程国家重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430062)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241444629594304620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241444629598498925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, companyId=1241444629594304620, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Hubei Academy of Tobacco Science, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241444629611081838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, companyId=1241444629594304620, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 湖北省烟草科学研究院, 湖北 武汉 430030)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241444637135663537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=The influence of carrier on compound bacterial agents.

The adsorption capacity (A), wetting time (B), suspension rate (C) and stability (D) of four kinds of carriers were determined. Different lowercase letters indicate differences at the 0.05 level. The same below.

, figureFileSmall=vLw9Ddvib7Lo+b8RC9xZSQ==, figureFileBig=e96qxkve01rMDtUAFAcQ3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444637236326839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=CN, label=图1, caption=载体对复合菌剂的影响

A−D表示4种载体的吸附能力、润湿时间、悬浮率及稳定性测定. 不同小写字母表示0.05水平上的差异. 下同

, figureFileSmall=vLw9Ddvib7Lo+b8RC9xZSQ==, figureFileBig=e96qxkve01rMDtUAFAcQ3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444637362155966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Selection and dosage optimization of dispersants and wetting agents.

A, B: Determination of suspension rate, wetting time and stability of seven dispersants and wetting agents. C, D: Optimization of the ratio and dosage of dispersant and wetting agent. SLS: Sodium lignosulphonate; SHP: Sodium hexametaphosphate; SPP: Sodium pyrophosphate; SP: Saponins powder; SABS: Sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate; SBS: Sodium butylnaphthalenesulfonate.

, figureFileSmall=cBwqKWPxNcC3PtkaHYwnwg==, figureFileBig=oQfdrPy1i3Hf5t+Q2KYwVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444637450236357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=CN, label=图2, caption=分散剂和润湿剂对复合菌剂的影响及其用量的优化

A、B:7种分散剂和润湿剂的悬浮率、润湿时间和稳定性测定. C、D:分散剂和润湿剂的配比和用量优化. SLS:木质素磺酸钠;SHP:六偏磷酸钠;SPP:焦磷酸钠;SP:皂苷;SABS:烷基苯磺酸钠;SBS:丁基萘磺酸钠

, figureFileSmall=cBwqKWPxNcC3PtkaHYwnwg==, figureFileBig=oQfdrPy1i3Hf5t+Q2KYwVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444637567676875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Selection and dosage optimization of stabilizers.

A: The influence of stabilizers on thermal storage stability. B: Optimization of glycerin dosage.

, figureFileSmall=GuTM/Y/qbgB1hclqErcyBQ==, figureFileBig=oACQ198K3NbuMGzQ7CpwKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444637659951569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=CN, label=图3, caption=稳定剂对复合菌剂的影响及其用量的优化

A:4种稳定剂对复合菌剂热贮稳定性的影响. B:甘油用量的优化

, figureFileSmall=GuTM/Y/qbgB1hclqErcyBQ==, figureFileBig=oACQ198K3NbuMGzQ7CpwKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444637777392086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Degradation of PAs in pot soil by compound bacterial agents., figureFileSmall=Vq2wgPskxaHivhJl2Kgh6g==, figureFileBig=hNNuJBFiFPYoWjQiexJ/qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444637890638297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=CN, label=图4, caption=复合菌剂对盆栽土壤中化感自毒物质的降解, figureFileSmall=Vq2wgPskxaHivhJl2Kgh6g==, figureFileBig=hNNuJBFiFPYoWjQiexJ/qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638054216158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Effects of compound bacterial agents on the DR of TBW in pot experiments., figureFileSmall=RG5Q53fNUeCUJQFaM2A2nw==, figureFileBig=rekY0nf8Bg3dl/GglVMvaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638171656675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=CN, label=图5, caption=复合菌剂对盆栽烟草青枯病发病率的影响, figureFileSmall=RG5Q53fNUeCUJQFaM2A2nw==, figureFileBig=rekY0nf8Bg3dl/GglVMvaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638284902892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Degradation of PAs in continuous cropping soil by compound bacterial agents., figureFileSmall=4U+AiZbkYHArbh9qhBXhGA==, figureFileBig=uCh+DXCIcTeHTeS0Gda3zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638423314929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=CN, label=图6, caption=复合菌剂对连作土壤中化感自毒物质的降解, figureFileSmall=4U+AiZbkYHArbh9qhBXhGA==, figureFileBig=uCh+DXCIcTeHTeS0Gda3zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638523978231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Effects of compound bacterial agents on the DR and DI of TBW in field experiments., figureFileSmall=zcjZrMLzidU8dXBfBIXFUQ==, figureFileBig=1V4gCCZ8N5bIhBm57ZAtMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638742082046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=CN, label=图7, caption=复合菌剂对大田烟草青枯病发病率和病情指数的影响, figureFileSmall=zcjZrMLzidU8dXBfBIXFUQ==, figureFileBig=1V4gCCZ8N5bIhBm57ZAtMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444638968574470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Effects of compound bacterial agents on the bacteria community structure of tobacco rhizosphere soil at the phylum (A) and genus (B) levels., figureFileSmall=l1PHawODvIwGDULZ/vmO8A==, figureFileBig=+E13X6pzFjsUkAe/Hbyueg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444639178289672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=CN, label=图8, caption=复合菌剂对烟草根围土壤细菌群落结构的影响.

A:门水平. B:属水平

, figureFileSmall=l1PHawODvIwGDULZ/vmO8A==, figureFileBig=+E13X6pzFjsUkAe/Hbyueg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241444639442530834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Orthogonal test table for strain ratio

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平
Level
因素Factor
A
Bacillus sp. NO1
B
Brucella sp. NO8
C
Bacillus sp. NO9
D
Bacillus sp. NO10
11111
22222
33333
44444
), ArticleFig(id=1241444639576748565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

菌株配比正交试验表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平
Level
因素Factor
A
Bacillus sp. NO1
B
Brucella sp. NO8
C
Bacillus sp. NO9
D
Bacillus sp. NO10
11111
22222
33333
44444
), ArticleFig(id=1241444639773880858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The results of orthogonal test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
Code
因素Factor发病率
DR (%)
A:Bacillus sp. NO1B:Brucella sp. NO8C:Bacillus sp. NO9D:Bacillus sp. NO10
K1K2K3K4表示因素中4个水平的发病率的总和;k1k2k3k4表示因素中4个水平发病率的平均值;R表示极差
K1,K2,K3 andK4 represent the sum of DR of the four levels in the factor;k1,k2,k3 andk4 represent the average value of DR at four levels among the factors;R stands for range.
1111120.37
2331327.78
3441429.63
4221225.93
5243124.88
6432127.78
7324122.22
8144316.67
9414224.07
10133220.85
11234418.52
12212327.81
13313424.74
14342227.06
15423318.52
16122424.25
K171.1485.5793.1983.73
K284.1478.7994.9085.43
K388.9082.4574.4878.65
K487.8785.2469.4884.24
k117.7821.3923.3020.93
k221.0319.7023.7221.36
k322.2220.6118.6219.66
k421.9721.3117.3721.06
R4.441.706.351.69
因素主次Priority of each factorC >A >B >D
最优组合Optimal compositionA1B2C4D3
), ArticleFig(id=1241444639903904287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

正交试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
Code
因素Factor发病率
DR (%)
A:Bacillus sp. NO1B:Brucella sp. NO8C:Bacillus sp. NO9D:Bacillus sp. NO10
K1K2K3K4表示因素中4个水平的发病率的总和;k1k2k3k4表示因素中4个水平发病率的平均值;R表示极差
K1,K2,K3 andK4 represent the sum of DR of the four levels in the factor;k1,k2,k3 andk4 represent the average value of DR at four levels among the factors;R stands for range.
1111120.37
2331327.78
3441429.63
4221225.93
5243124.88
6432127.78
7324122.22
8144316.67
9414224.07
10133220.85
11234418.52
12212327.81
13313424.74
14342227.06
15423318.52
16122424.25
K171.1485.5793.1983.73
K284.1478.7994.9085.43
K388.9082.4574.4878.65
K487.8785.2469.4884.24
k117.7821.3923.3020.93
k221.0319.7023.7221.36
k322.2220.6118.6219.66
k421.9721.3117.3721.06
R4.441.706.351.69
因素主次Priority of each factorC >A >B >D
最优组合Optimal compositionA1B2C4D3
), ArticleFig(id=1241444640088453672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

ANOVA analysis results of variance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变异来源
Source
平方和
Sum of squares
自由度
df
均方
Mean square
F
F value
P
P value
A50.121316.7071.4850.376
B7.41232.4710.2200.878
C125.207341.7363.7100.155
D6.72432.2410.1990.891
误差Error33.745311.248
总计Total223.21016
), ArticleFig(id=1241444641577431600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

单变量方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变异来源
Source
平方和
Sum of squares
自由度
df
均方
Mean square
F
F value
P
P value
A50.121316.7071.4850.376
B7.41232.4710.2200.878
C125.207341.7363.7100.155
D6.72432.2410.1990.891
误差Error33.745311.248
总计Total223.21016
), ArticleFig(id=1241444641648734775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Quality inspection of wettable powder

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index国家标准National standard测量值Measuring value
活菌含量
Living bacteria content (CFU/g)
≥2×1082.03×1010
杂菌率Contaminating microorganism rate (%)≤20%0
悬浮率
Suspension rate (%)
≥7078.06±2.22
润湿时间
Wetting time (s)
≤18034.80±1.17
pH范围
pH range
5.5−8.57.40±0.11
细度
Fineness (%)
≥8098.00±0.60
水分Water content (%)≤352.70±0.14
), ArticleFig(id=1241444641770369597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

可湿性粉剂质量指标检测

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index国家标准National standard测量值Measuring value
活菌含量
Living bacteria content (CFU/g)
≥2×1082.03×1010
杂菌率Contaminating microorganism rate (%)≤20%0
悬浮率
Suspension rate (%)
≥7078.06±2.22
润湿时间
Wetting time (s)
≤18034.80±1.17
pH范围
pH range
5.5−8.57.40±0.11
细度
Fineness (%)
≥8098.00±0.60
水分Water content (%)≤352.70±0.14
), ArticleFig(id=1241444641933947459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effects of compound bacterial agents on agronomic traits of tobacco

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment株高
PH (cm)
茎围
SG (cm)
腰叶长
WL (cm)
腰叶宽
WW (cm)
同一列不同的小写字母表示处理间存在显著性差异(P < 0.05). 下同
Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05) according to Duncan’s multiple range test. The same below.
CK85.11±4.05c7.65±0.62c70.89±3.18b25.85±1.88b
TF1102.09±6.25a9.28±0.41a76.49±4.47a28.31±1.26ab
TF2106.36±6.59a9.51±0.62a78.12±4.81a28.73±1.63a
TF394.22±4.78b8.36±0.58b74.67±3.29a27.21±2.01ab
), ArticleFig(id=1241444642026222151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

复合菌剂对烟草农学性状的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment株高
PH (cm)
茎围
SG (cm)
腰叶长
WL (cm)
腰叶宽
WW (cm)
同一列不同的小写字母表示处理间存在显著性差异(P < 0.05). 下同
Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05) according to Duncan’s multiple range test. The same below.
CK85.11±4.05c7.65±0.62c70.89±3.18b25.85±1.88b
TF1102.09±6.25a9.28±0.41a76.49±4.47a28.31±1.26ab
TF2106.36±6.59a9.51±0.62a78.12±4.81a28.73±1.63a
TF394.22±4.78b8.36±0.58b74.67±3.29a27.21±2.01ab
), ArticleFig(id=1241444642152051280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Effects of compound bacterial agents on economic properties of tobacco

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatments上等烟比例
Rate of first-class tobacco (%)
中等烟比例
Rate of medium-class tobacco (%)
均价
Average price (RMB/kg)
CK20.79±1.55d56.74±2.36c17.30±1.11c
TF137.92±2.04b72.20±3.95a18.55±1.06b
TF240.18±2.29a80.33±4.05a19.91±1.34a
TF334.75±1.72c66.27±3.12b18.02±1.18bc
), ArticleFig(id=1241444642286269012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

复合菌剂对烟草经济性状的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatments上等烟比例
Rate of first-class tobacco (%)
中等烟比例
Rate of medium-class tobacco (%)
均价
Average price (RMB/kg)
CK20.79±1.55d56.74±2.36c17.30±1.11c
TF137.92±2.04b72.20±3.95a18.55±1.06b
TF240.18±2.29a80.33±4.05a19.91±1.34a
TF334.75±1.72c66.27±3.12b18.02±1.18bc
), ArticleFig(id=1241444642479207003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Effects of compound bacterial agents on OTU richness and alpha diversity indices of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleOTUShannonSimpsonAceChao1Coverage
CK-0 d757±19b3.513±0.238c0.805±0.032b1 206.890±78.360b74.799±3.211b0.991±0.002
CK-90 d701±18b2.957±0.204c0.587±0.027c974.538±31.248c58.997±2.018d0.993±0.001
TF2-0 d814±27b4.236±0.355b0.823±0.045b1 064.880±40.332c65.715±2.337c0.994±0.002
TF2-90 d1 196±94a5.621±0.414a0.924±0.047a1 751.405±50.751a111.829±3.916a0.987±0.006
), ArticleFig(id=1241444642571481694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

 复合菌剂对烟草根围土壤细菌OTU丰度和α多样性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleOTUShannonSimpsonAceChao1Coverage
CK-0 d757±19b3.513±0.238c0.805±0.032b1 206.890±78.360b74.799±3.211b0.991±0.002
CK-90 d701±18b2.957±0.204c0.587±0.027c974.538±31.248c58.997±2.018d0.993±0.001
TF2-0 d814±27b4.236±0.355b0.823±0.045b1 064.880±40.332c65.715±2.337c0.994±0.002
TF2-90 d1 196±94a5.621±0.414a0.924±0.047a1 751.405±50.751a111.829±3.916a0.987±0.006
), ArticleFig(id=1241444642693116516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

The rhizosphere bacteria with significantly differences at genus level after 90 d of treatment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种
Genus
CK中物种的相对丰度
Relative abundance of
genus in CK
TF2组中物种的相对丰度
Relative abundance of genus in TF2
显著差异水平P
Significant difference levelP value
物种相对丰度的升降
The rise/fall of relative abundance of genus
Clostridium_
sensu_stricto_1
0.007 3±0.004 10.001 6±0.002 60.011 4
Ralstonia0.031 6±0.010 50.002 2±0.000 40.017 0
Devosia0.005 2±0.002 50.024 5±0.005 00.022 1
Acidibacter0.030 1±0.008 60.002 3±0.001 20.021 1
Flavobacterium0.005 3±0.001 40.022 0±0.007 50.038 0
Sphingomonas0.001 2±0.000 30.029 4±0.002 20.002 8
Acinetobacter0.001 0±0.000 20.011 7±0.004 10.021 3
Lactococcus0.001 8±0.000 70.010 5±0.002 20.018 1
Streptomyces0.003 4±0.001 00.009 6±0.001 90.038 6
Delftia0.026 9±0.002 60.002 4±0.001 00.023 2
Terrisporobacter0.012 8±0.001 40.002 8±0.000 90.018 9
Paenibacillus0.003 5±0.000 40.005 9±0.000 90.029 3
Ramlibacter0.002 9±0.000 60.005 4±0.000 70.024 3
Pseudomonas0.010 5±0.003 40.001 3±0.000 40.030 2
Stenotrophomonas0.018 6±0.002 70.005 1±0.000 90.040 7
Weissella0.028 4±0.002 10.007 7±0.001 10.022 1
), ArticleFig(id=1241444642827334251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241356312970318165, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

复合菌剂处理90 d后在属水平丰度上具有显著差异的根围土细菌

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种
Genus
CK中物种的相对丰度
Relative abundance of
genus in CK
TF2组中物种的相对丰度
Relative abundance of genus in TF2
显著差异水平P
Significant difference levelP value
物种相对丰度的升降
The rise/fall of relative abundance of genus
Clostridium_
sensu_stricto_1
0.007 3±0.004 10.001 6±0.002 60.011 4
Ralstonia0.031 6±0.010 50.002 2±0.000 40.017 0
Devosia0.005 2±0.002 50.024 5±0.005 00.022 1
Acidibacter0.030 1±0.008 60.002 3±0.001 20.021 1
Flavobacterium0.005 3±0.001 40.022 0±0.007 50.038 0
Sphingomonas0.001 2±0.000 30.029 4±0.002 20.002 8
Acinetobacter0.001 0±0.000 20.011 7±0.004 10.021 3
Lactococcus0.001 8±0.000 70.010 5±0.002 20.018 1
Streptomyces0.003 4±0.001 00.009 6±0.001 90.038 6
Delftia0.026 9±0.002 60.002 4±0.001 00.023 2
Terrisporobacter0.012 8±0.001 40.002 8±0.000 90.018 9
Paenibacillus0.003 5±0.000 40.005 9±0.000 90.029 3
Ramlibacter0.002 9±0.000 60.005 4±0.000 70.024 3
Pseudomonas0.010 5±0.003 40.001 3±0.000 40.030 2
Stenotrophomonas0.018 6±0.002 70.005 1±0.000 90.040 7
Weissella0.028 4±0.002 10.007 7±0.001 10.022 1
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烟草化感自毒物质降解复合菌剂的优化及应用效果评价
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杨文娟 1 , 余君 2 , 杨春雷 2 , 李浩 2 , 杨锦鹏 2 , 杨小琼 1 , 杨勇 1 , 向海波 1, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(4): 1044-1063
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(4): 1044-1063
烟草化感自毒物质降解复合菌剂的优化及应用效果评价
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杨文娟1, 余君2, 杨春雷2, 李浩2, 杨锦鹏2, 杨小琼1, 杨勇1, 向海波1, *
作者信息
  • 1 湖北大学生命科学学院 省部共建生物催化与酶工程国家重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430062
  • 2 湖北省烟草科学研究院, 湖北 武汉 430030
Optimization and evaluation of a compound bacterial agent degrading autotoxins of tobacco
Wenjuan YANG1, Jun YU2, Chunlei YANG2, Hao LI2, Jinpeng YANG2, Xiaoqiong YANG1, Yong YANG1, Haibo XIANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
  • 2 Hubei Academy of Tobacco Science, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
出版时间: 2024-04-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230477
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烟草(Nicotianatabacum)长期连作导致土壤中烟草自身分泌的化感自毒物质的积累,加剧了烟草青枯病(tobacco bacterial wilt, TBW)的发生,严重威胁烟草的生产并造成了巨大的经济损失。【目的】获得对长期连作烟田青枯病具有显著防治效果的复合菌剂。【方法】利用筛选到的烟草化感自毒物质降解菌株构建复合菌剂,通过正交试验和单因素试验对菌种配比和助剂进行优化,对其在温室盆栽和连作烟田生产的应用效果进行评价。【结果】正交试验结果表明,复合菌剂中芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.) NO1、布鲁氏菌(Brucella sp.) NO8、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.) NO9和NO10的最佳菌种配比为1:3:4:2;单因素试验结果表明最佳的载体为白炭黑;最佳润湿剂和分散剂分别为六偏磷酸钠和丁基萘磺酸钠,其最佳比例为1:1,最佳用量各为2%;稳定剂甘油的最佳浓度为1.0%。盆栽试验结果显示,复合菌剂对6种化感自毒物质的降解率和对青枯病的抑制率均达到78%以上。大田试验结果显示,100倍稀释的复合菌剂对连作15年烟田中的6种化感自毒物质具有显著的降解效果,并且能明显增加烟株的株高、茎围、腰叶长和腰叶宽,有效促进了烟草的生长发育;同时还调节了烟草根围微生物的丰度,显著抑制了狭义梭菌属1 (Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1)、劳尔氏菌属(Ralstonia)和纤维单胞属(Cellulomonas)等的相对丰度,大幅提高了戴沃斯菌属(Devosia)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)和鞘氨醇单胞属(Sphingomonas)等的相对丰度。青枯病的发病率和病情指数也从处理前的92.22%和48.19%分别降低到18.15%和9.52%,防效超过了80.00%。【结论】本研究优化的复合菌剂显著降低了长期连作烟田青枯病的病情指数,可为长期连作烟田青枯病的防控提供解决方案。

烟草青枯病  /  化感自毒物质  /  降解菌  /  复合菌剂

[Background] Long-term continuous cropping of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leads to the accumulation of autotoxins, which aggravates the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt (TBW) caused byRalstoniasolanacearum and causing great economic losses of tobacco production. [Objective] To develop a compound bacterial agent capable of controlling TBW in the field with long-term continuous cropping of tobacco. [Methods] We formulated compound bacterial agents with screened strains capable of degrading autotoxins. Orthogonal design and single factor experiments were employed to optimize the strain ratio and the dosages of additives. The inhibition performance of the compound bacterial agent on TBW was evaluated in a greenhouse and in a field with continuous cropping of tobacco for 15 years. [Results] Orthogonal experiments showed that the optimal ratio ofBacillus sp. NO1,Brucella sp. NO8,Bacillus sp. NO9, andBacillus sp. NO10 in the compound bacterial agent was 1:3:4:2. Single factor experiments showed that the best vector was silica. The best wetting agent and dispersant were sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) and sodium butylnaphthalene sulfonate (SBNS), respectively, which were optimized to be added at the dosages of 2%. The optimal concentration of the stabilizer glycerin was 1.0%. Pot experiments showed that both the degradation rate of six autotoxins and the inhibition rate of TBW by the compound bacterial agent reached over 78%. The results of the field experiment showed that the compound bacterial agent diluted by 100 folds had significant degradation effects on six autotoxins in the tobacco field with continuous cropping for 15 years. Moreover, the agent significantly increased the height, stem circumference, and waist leaf length and width of tobacco plants, thus promoting the growth and development of tobacco. In addition, the agent regulated the rhizosphere microbiota of tobacco, as manifested by the decreased relative abundance ofClostridium_sensu_stricto_1,Ralstonia, andCellulomonas and the increased relative abundance ofDevosia,Flavobacterium, andSphingomonas. The agent decreased the incidence rate and disease index of TBW from 92.22% and 48.19% to 18.15% and 9.52%, respectively, with a control effect of 80%. [Conclusion] The optimized compound bacterial agent significantly reduces the incidence rate and disease index of TBW in the field with long-term continuous cropping of tobacco, which provides a solution for the prevention and control of TBW.

tobacco bacterial wilt  /  autotoxins  /  degrading bacteria  /  compound bacterial agent
杨文娟, 余君, 杨春雷, 李浩, 杨锦鹏, 杨小琼, 杨勇, 向海波. 烟草化感自毒物质降解复合菌剂的优化及应用效果评价. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (4) : 1044 -1063 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230477
Wenjuan YANG, Jun YU, Chunlei YANG, Hao LI, Jinpeng YANG, Xiaoqiong YANG, Yong YANG, Haibo XIANG. Optimization and evaluation of a compound bacterial agent degrading autotoxins of tobacco[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (4) : 1044 -1063 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230477
烟草青枯病(tobacco bacterial wilt, TBW)是由青枯劳尔氏菌(Ralstoniasolanacearum)引起的一种严重的土传细菌性疾病,在全球烟草产区广泛发生,已成为世界性难题[1]。青枯劳尔氏菌不仅可以侵染烟草,还可以侵染茄子、番茄、马铃薯等50多个科的数百种作物[2]。病害一旦发生,会严重影响植株生长发育、烟叶质量,甚至造成整株死亡,对烟草产量和品质有很大影响,已成为制约烟草生产发展的因素。据统计,2015年因青枯病导致的全国烟草损失高达5.5亿元,因此,防控烟草青枯病发生的形势刻不容缓[3]
烟草青枯病的发生与多种因素有关,包括烟草品种易感性、土壤营养状况不良、土壤酸化、连作障碍、不宜的气候条件以及技术措施不到位等[4]。目前防治TBW的主要方法有改变耕作制度、土壤改良与消毒、化学农药防治和生物防治等[5-6]。虽然合理的轮作或间作能一定程度上降低青枯病发病率,但这种方法存在投入大、操作繁琐和经济效益低的问题[5]。通过使用生石灰、牡蛎粉、生物炭等对酸性土壤进行改良,或是利用夏季暴晒、冬季冷冻、蒸汽消毒和化学药剂对土壤进行消毒,能够显著降低青枯病的发病率,但在防治效果稳定性、适用性和技术成熟度方面存在一定的局限性[7]。化学农药防治是针对TBW公认的最便捷、快速、高效的防治手段,但长期使用存在抗药性和环境污染等问题[8]。生物防治技术是一种绿色环保的防治方法,是未来的重要发展方向。目前的主要研究热点是利用微生物抑制青枯劳尔氏菌的生长来防治TBW,但存在大田应用效果不稳定、适用性差、防治时间短等问题[8],需要从其他角度开发出新的生物防治方法来弥补这些缺点,完善防治技术。
由于耕地有限、经济利益驱动和种植条件等因素的制约,连作障碍问题在烟草农业生产中日益突出[4]。在连作的过程中,土壤中会积累烟株根系分泌的化感自毒物质,这些化感自毒物质不仅对烟株自身造成毒害作用,还对根围微生物的群落组成产生极大的影响[9]。许多研究表明,化感自毒物质对烟草青枯病的发生具有显著的促进作用。一方面,一些化感自毒物质可以通过干扰光合作用、呼吸、膜转运、种子萌发和根组织生长来抑制植物生长,造成作物产量下降[10]。另一方面,化感自毒物质可以作为碳源促进青枯劳尔氏菌的生长,还可以刺激或诱导病原菌定殖到寄主植物根部,形成生物膜,最终引发青枯病,造成严重的经济损失[11]。例如,烟草根系分泌的肉桂酸、延胡索酸和草酸可显著诱导青枯劳尔氏菌在烟草根系的定殖,苯甲酸和苯丙酸可强烈刺激青枯劳尔氏菌在根围土壤中的繁殖[11-13]。因此,如何减少这些化感自毒物质是控制烟草青枯病的关键。
自然界中存在着许多能降解化感自毒物质的微生物,利用这些微生物来减少化感自毒物质是一种安全、环保的方法。目前,有许多研究已获得能够降解酚类化感自毒物质的细菌和真菌,例如肉桂酸、阿魏酸和4-羟基苯甲酸分别能被寡养单胞菌、恶臭假单胞菌和克雷伯菌降解[14-16]。然而,这些降解菌仍处于实验室研究阶段,还没有应用于大田生产中。在前期研究[17]中我们筛选到了能降解6种酚类化感自毒物质的4种微生物芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.) NO1、布鲁氏菌(Brucella sp.) NO8、Bacillus sp. NO9和Bacillus sp. NO10,其中Bacillus sp. NO1能够降解苯甲酸(benzoic acid, BA)、对羟基苯甲醛(p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, POBA)和邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(diisooctyl phthalate, DIOP),Brucella sp. NO8能够降解2, 4-二叔丁基苯酚(2, 4-di-tert-butylphenol, DTBP)和DIOP,Bacillus sp. NO9能够降解POBA和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(di-n-butyl phthalate, DBP),Bacillus sp. NO10能够降解邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(diisobutyl phthalate, DIBP)和DIOP。本研究通过正交试验和单因素试验对这4种微生物的菌种配比和助剂组成进行了优化,并评价了复合菌剂在温室和大田的实际应用效果,为烟草青枯病的防治提供了技术支撑。
烟草青枯病原菌(Ralstoniasolanacearum) 1-1由湖北省烟草科学研究院提供。化感自毒物质降解菌芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.) NO1、布鲁氏菌(Brucella sp.) NO8、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.) NO9和NO10均为本实验室保存。
试验烟草品种为云烟87,种子由湖北省烟草科学研究院提供。
NB培养基(g/L):牛肉膏3.0,蛋白胨10.0,氯化钠5.0,pH 7.4–7.6。
LB培养基(g/L):氯化钠10.0,酵母粉5.0,蛋白胨10.0。
MS培养基(g/L):可溶性淀粉20.0,d-甘露醇20.0,琼脂15.0。
苯甲酸(benzoic acid, BA)、对羟基苯甲醛(p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, POBA)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(diisobutyl phthalate, DIBP)、2, 4-二叔丁基苯酚(2, 4-di-tert-butylphenol, DTBP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(di-n-butyl phthalate, DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(diisooctyl phthalate, DIOP)购自上海源叶生物科技有限公司。硅藻土、白炭黑、膨润土、滑石粉、木质素磺酸钠(sodium lignosulphonate, SLS)、六偏磷酸钠(sodium hexametaphosphate, SHP)、焦磷酸钠(sodium pyrophosphate, SPP)、PEG8000、皂苷(saponins powder, SP)、烷基苯磺酸钠(sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, SABS)、丁基萘磺酸钠(sodium butylnaphthalenesulfonate, SBS)和甘油购自贵州赛兰博科技有限公司。
采用正交设计,以菌株为因素,以接种量为水平,以青枯病发病率为指标对4株化感自毒物质降解菌进行配比优化(表1)。降解菌Bacillus sp. NO1、Brucella sp. NO8、Bacillus sp. NO9和Bacillus sp. NO10活化后分别接种于LB培养基中,37 ℃培养18 h;青枯劳尔氏菌活化后接种于NB培养基中,30 ℃培养18 h。然后5 000 r/min离心5 min收集菌体,去除上清后用适量的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.2)重悬菌体作为菌液母液。
烟苗在播种后60 d进行移栽,选择大小均匀的烟株移栽于含1 kg灭菌土的盆钵中,每盆1株,按照当地优质烟叶生产技术规范在温室中进行栽培管理。烟草移栽3 d后接种6种化感自毒物质(BA、POBA、DIBP、DIOP、DTBP和DBP)和青枯劳尔氏菌,接种量分别为600 mg/盆(每种化感自毒物质各100 mg)和10 mL/盆(1×108 CFU/mL)。第3天按照表2的配比加入复合降解菌(1×108 CFU/mL,10 mL/盆)进行灌根。每个处理烟苗20株,重复3次。烟苗移栽35 d后,统计青枯病的发病情况并按公式(1)计算青枯病发病率(disease rate, DR)。
式中,DR为青枯病发病率,D为观察到的发病植株数目,T为植株的总数目。
各降解菌按1.2的方法培养后按最佳配比进行混合,然后将其与不同的载体(硅藻土、白炭黑、膨润土和滑石粉)按体积比4:1的比例进行混合,当载体将发酵液完全吸附后,于60 ℃烘箱干燥后研磨成粉末得到制剂母粉。参考GB/T 5451—2001和GB/T 14825—2006标准分别测定母粉的润湿时间和悬浮率。采用平板菌落计数法测定各制剂母粉室温密闭放置15 d后的活菌含量,选择最优的载体。
选择木质素磺酸钠(SLS)、六偏磷酸钠(SHP)、焦磷酸钠(SPP)、PEG8000为分散剂的候选材料,皂苷(SP)、烷基苯磺酸钠(SABS)、丁基萘磺酸钠(SBS)为润湿剂的候选材料。将各润湿剂和分散剂按1%的用量分别与母粉混合,烘干并研磨成粉末,润湿时间、悬浮率和活菌含量测定方法同1.3,根据结果筛选出最佳润湿剂和分散剂。
确定最佳分散剂和润湿剂后,将分散剂和润湿剂按质量比5:1、4:1、3:1、2:1、1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4和1:5混合,再与母粉混合后经烘干制成粉剂,测定其悬浮率和润湿时间,选出分散剂和润湿剂的最佳质量配比。然后将分散剂和润湿剂的总添加量按1%、2%、3%、4%、5%和6%的用量与母粉混合,烘干制成粉剂后测定悬浮率和润湿时间,得到润湿剂与分散剂的最佳用量。
在载体、助剂筛选的基础上,选取碳酸钙、甘油、磷酸氢二钾和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)作为菌剂的稳定剂,按0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%的比例与母粉混合,参考GB/T 19136—2021标准将其在(54±2) ℃条件下保存14 d,或者在密封的室温条件下保存90 d,测定活菌的含量,得到最佳稳定剂及其最佳用量。
含孢量、杂菌率、水分含量、细度及pH测定:参照GB 20287—2006标准。
润湿时间和悬浮率测定:方法同1.3。
试验分为4组:CK1组,无菌土中加入6种化感自毒物质;CK2组,无菌土中加入青枯劳尔氏菌;TG1组,无菌土中加入青枯劳尔氏菌和6种化感自毒物质;TG2组,无菌土中加入青枯劳尔氏菌、6种化感自毒物质和最优的复合菌剂(100倍稀释的10 mL复合菌剂,有效菌液浓度约为2×108 CFU/mL)。试验方法同1.2。
取各处理组根围土壤50 g,用150 mL乙酸乙酯萃取3次,浓缩后再溶于1 mL甲醇,通过HPLC检测复合菌剂对化感自毒物质的降解效率。液相色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 (5 μm, 4.6 mm×250 mm),柱温30 ℃,流动相为甲醇水溶液。流速为1 mL/min,检测波长为227 nm (POBA、BA),245 nm (DIOP、DIBP和DBP),275 nm (DTBP)。
计算方法同1.2。
大田试验地点位于湖北省利川市柏杨县(108°21′E, 29°42′N)。年平均气温16.7℃,年平均降雨量1 304 mm,年平均日照时间2 096.8 h。试验选用云烟87品种,按GB/T 23221—2008标准进行栽培。试验烟田为连作15年烤烟的烟田,过去5年青枯病的发病率均大于90%。试验烟田面积720 m2,平均分为12块,每块60 m2,种植90株烟株。采用N: P2O5: K2O=1.0:1.5:2.5,氮肥施用量为90 kg/hm2的复合肥进行施肥。试验分为4组:CK,不施用复合菌剂;TF1组,用10倍稀释的100 mL复合菌剂(有效菌液浓度约为2×109 CFU/mL)灌根处理,在烟苗移栽当天和30 d后各施用一次;TF2组,用100倍稀释的100 mL复合菌剂(有效菌液浓度约为2×108 CFU/mL)灌根处理,其他条件同TF1组;TF3组,用1 000倍稀释的100 mL复合菌剂(有效菌液浓度约为2×107 CFU/mL)灌根处理,其他条件同T1组。
在烤烟成熟期(打顶后7 d),参照YC/T 142—2010标准记载成熟期烟株农艺性状,包括株高(plant height, PH)、茎围(stem girth, SG)、腰叶长(waist leaf length, WL)和宽(waist leaf width, WW)。
采用五点取样法收集各个处理组的根围土,将根围疏松的土壤抖落掉,收集与根黏附紧密的土样,混合后取50 g进行化感自毒物质降解情况分析,方法同1.7。
按照《烟草病虫害分级及调查方法》 (GB/T 23222—2008)调查青枯病发病情况。0级:全株无病;1级:茎部偶有褪绿斑,或病侧1/2以下叶片凋萎;3级:茎部有黑色条斑,但不超过茎高1/2,或病侧1/2−2/3叶片凋萎;5级:茎部黑色条斑超过茎高1/2,但未到达茎顶部,或病侧2/3以上叶片凋萎;7级:茎部黑色条斑到达茎顶部,或病株叶片全部凋萎;9级:病株基本枯死。青枯病发病率(DR)按公式(1)计算,青枯病病情指数(disease index, DI)按公式(2)计算,生防效果(control effect, CE)按公式(3)计算。
式中,DI为病情指数,G为发病植株的病情级别,DG级别的发病植株数目,T为植株的总数目。
式中,CE为生防效果,DICK为对照组病情指数,DIT为处理组病情指数。
各处理单独采烤,进行烤后烟叶外观质量鉴定,参照GB 2635—1992烤烟标准对烟叶进行分级,统计烤后各处理的产量、产值、均值等经济性状,并计算上、中等烟比例。
采用五点取样法分别采集CK组和TF2组烟草移栽后0 d和90 d的根围土壤样品。将根围疏松的土壤抖落掉,收集与根黏附紧密的土样送至上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司应用16S RNA V3−V4区域特异引物进行16S多样性测序,上游引物序列为5′-CCTAYGGGRBGCASCAG-3′,下游引物序列为5′-GGACTACNNGGGTATCTAAT-3′。测序原始数据已上传至国家微生物科学数据中心,编号为NMDC40041463。
测得序列使用Trimmomatic (v0.36)、Pear (v0.9.6)、Flash (v1.20)和Vsearch (v2.7.1)软件进行质控与拼接处理,得到的序列通过与Silva数据库(https://www.arb-silva.de/)进行比对检测来去除嵌合体序列,最终得到高质量序列。使用QIIME2软件以97%的一致性将序列聚类成为可操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units, OTU)并注释,然后计算各样本的α多样性指数。所有数据采用SPSS 22.0进行差异性分析,用ANOVA单因素方差分析法进行方差分析,邓肯(Duncan)多重检验法检验处理间的差异显著性(P < 0.05)。使用R语言的pheatmap包绘制物种丰度柱形图。
正交试验优化结果表明,对降低盆栽烟草青枯病发病率影响最大的是Bacillus sp. NO9,其次是Bacillus sp. NO1和Brucella sp. NO8,Bacillus sp. NO10的影响最小(表2表3)。最佳的接种组合为A1B2C4D3,即Bacillus sp. NO1:Brucella sp. NO8:Bacillus sp. NO9:Bacillus sp. NO10=1:2:4:3。进一步对最优菌株配比进行验证,结果显示盆栽烟草青枯病发病率为16.67%,比基础菌株配比(1:1:1:1, DR=20.37%)降低了18.16%。
以白炭黑作为载体的复合菌剂的润湿时间最短(25.8 s),其母粉放置15 d后活菌数量最多(2.02×1010 CFU/g),吸附量(1.46 L/kg)和悬浮率(64.39%)仅次于膨润土,其余材料次之(图1)。综合比较所选材料对复合菌剂吸附性、分散性及稳定性的影响,最终选择白炭黑作为菌剂载体。
最佳的分散剂和润湿剂是六偏磷酸钠(SHP)和丁基萘磺酸钠(SBS),其悬浮率分别为68.80%和66.22%,润湿时间分别为23.6 s和34.4 s,复合菌剂存放15 d后活菌数量分别为1.88×1010 CFU/g和1.84×1010 CFU/g (图2A2B)。进一步将SHP、SBS和母粉按照一定的比例混合,发现当SHP和SBS的质量比为1:1、总用量为4%时效果最好,悬浮率为75.87%,润湿时间为28.8 s (图2C2D)。
最佳的稳定剂是甘油,添加1.0%甘油的复合菌剂在(54±2) ℃存放14 d后其微生物的存活率为72.68% (图3A),在室温密闭贮藏90 d后存活率为80.34% (图3B)。
复合菌剂活菌含量为2.03×1010 CFU/g,不含有杂菌,悬浮率为78.06%,润湿时间为34.8 s,pH为7.4,细度为98%,水分为2.7% (表4),符合农用微生物菌剂国家标准(GB 20287—2006)。
通过对比对照组CK1、处理组TG1和加了复合菌剂的处理组TG2,发现使用复合菌剂处理30 d后的TG2组中6种化感自毒物质的含量明显比其他两组低,其中POBA的残余量最高(15.13 mg/kg-土壤),DIBP的残余量最低(5.37 mg/kg-土壤) (图4),表明复合菌剂可以高效、快速地降解土壤中的多种化感自毒物质。
青枯病发病情况统计发现CK2组的发病率为48.33%,TG1组的发病率为80.00%,而TG2组的发病率仅为16.67%,分别比CK2组和TG1组降低了31.66%和63.33%,比优化前的发病率(20.37%)降低了18.16% (图5),表明复合菌剂对烟草青枯病具有较好的防控效果。
烟苗移栽90 d后3个处理组烟株的农艺性状几乎全部和CK组的农艺性状表现出明显的差异,其中用100倍稀释的复合菌剂(TF2)处理的烟株的株高(106.36 cm)、茎围(9.51 cm)、腰叶长(78.12 cm)和腰叶宽(28.73 cm)等农艺性状最好,10倍稀释的复合菌剂(TF1)处理的次之,1 000倍稀释的复合菌剂(TF3)处理的最差(表5),表明复合菌剂100倍稀释液处理对烟草的促生作用最好。
烟苗移栽90 d后6种化感自毒物质均被检测到,其中DBP的含量最高,达到5.2 mg/kg-干土(图6)。经过不同稀释倍数的复合菌剂处理后,6种化感自毒物质的含量均明显降低,其中用100倍稀释的复合菌剂(TF2)处理的效果最好,降解率分别达到了65.63% (DTBP)、76.32% (DIBP)、84.42% (DIOP)、75.00% (DBP)、42.10% (POBA)和55.56% (BA)。
大田青枯病发病情况统计结果显示CK组的发病率(DR)为92.22%,病情指数(DI)为48.19%。与CK组相比,各处理组均能显著降低青枯病的发病率和病情指数,其中TF2组的防控效果最好,DR和DI分别为18.15%和9.52%,比CK组分别下降了74.07%和38.67%,防治效果超过了80.00% (图7),表明采用复合菌剂100倍稀释液处理可以显著降低青枯病的发生。
对大田烤后烟的经济性状进行统计,各处理组烤烟的经济性状均高于对照组,其中TF2组的上等烟比例(40.18%)、上中等烟比例(80.33%)和均价(19.91元/kg)最高(表6),显著提高了烟株的经济价值。
最后,我们比较了施用复合菌剂与否烟株根围土细菌群落的变化。未使用复合菌剂处理的情况下,烟株移栽90 d后其根围土细菌OTU数量,Shannon指数、Simpson指数、Ace指数和Chao1指数均下降。而在施用复合菌剂后,根围土细菌OTU丰度从814个增加到1 196个,增幅31.94%;Shannon指数增加了24.64%,Simpson指数增加了12.27%,Ace指数和Chao1指数分别增加了39.20%和41.24% (表7),表明施用复合菌剂既能增加烟草根围土中细菌群落的多样性,又可以提高其中细菌群落的丰富度。
根据各OTU中代表序列的物种注释结果,我们进一步分析了复合菌剂处理后烟草根围土壤细菌在门水平(丰度排名前10)和属水平(丰度排名前35)上的群落结构变化。门水平上丰度排名前10的种类为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、unclassified Bacteria、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes) (图8A)。与CK相比,TF2组在烟苗移栽90 d后其根围土细菌在门水平上的组成丰度有显著差异,其中变形菌门、放线菌门、绿弯菌门和厚壁菌门的丰度分别增加了35.71%、126.93%、24.22%和388.04%,而酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门、疣微菌门和浮霉菌门分别减少了54.71%、33.62%、72.32%和75.11%。
施用复合菌剂90 d后,丰度排名前35个属中有16个属的相对丰度发生了显著变化,其中狭义梭菌属1 (Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1)、劳尔氏菌属(Ralstonia)、纤维单胞属(Cellulomonas)、醋酸杆菌属(Acidibacter)、土孢杆菌属(Terrisporobacter)、假单胞属(Pseudomonas)、寡养单胞属(Stenotrophomonas)和魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)的相对丰度大幅下降,戴沃斯菌属(Devosia)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)、鞘氨醇单胞属(Sphingomonas)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、乳球菌属(Lactococcus)、链霉属(Streptomyces)、类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)和沙壤土杆菌属(Ramlibacter)的相对丰度增加,但相对丰度增加的微生物数量比相对丰度降低的微生物数量少(图8B表8)。
近年来许多研究均表明化感自毒物质是导致烟草连作障碍的主要原因之一[12,18]。长期连作条件下化感自毒物质的积累会影响植株代谢,导致病虫害暴发,轻则减产,重则绝收,严重制约了烟草生产的可持续发展,因此消减这些化感自毒物质是防控烟草病害和消除连作障碍的一种重要策略[17]。目前发现的烟草化感自毒物质有草酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、肉桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、延胡索酸、苯甲酸(BA)、苯丙酸、丁二酸、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯和邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DIOP)等[11-13,19],能够降解这些化感自毒物质的微生物也有一些报道[14-16],然而,利用微生物同时降解多种化感自毒物质并应用于TBW的生物防治却鲜有报道。本研究将4株能够降解BA、POBA、DIBP、DTBP、DBP和DIOP这6种化感自毒物质的降解菌制作成复合菌剂并应用于大田生产具有一定的新颖性。
本研究的复合菌剂包含3种芽孢杆菌和1种布鲁氏菌。芽孢杆菌被广泛用于防治各种植物病害,如青枯病、根腐病、霜霉病、软腐病、稻瘟病和纹枯病等[20],还可以作为根围促生菌,通过降解有机化合物释放植物养分和分泌促生物质来提高根系活力、优化根系结构、促进植物生长[21]。布鲁氏菌存在于多种环境中,包括水、土壤、植物和动物,在芳烃的降解、新型抗生素和生物表面活性剂的生产等方面具有重要的应用价值[22],但尚未发现其具有降解化感自毒物质的功能。本研究的布鲁氏菌能够降解DTBP和DIOP,表明布鲁氏菌具有作为一种生防菌而用于植物病害防治的潜能,拓展了布鲁氏菌的应用范围。
生防菌由于其运输、存储和作物生长环境(土壤pH值、田间温湿度及根系分泌物等)因素的影响会造成其防治效果降低或不稳定,从而影响其推广应用,剂型的制备有利于生防菌的保护、稀释和缓释有效成分,保证了生防菌正常功能的发挥[23]。可湿性粉剂因其生产成本低、有效成分含量高、对植物和环境安全而作为目前微生物农药应用的主要剂型之一,在生物防治中应用比较成熟。可湿性粉剂是由原药(微生物活菌或化合物)、惰性填料(吸附载体)、分散剂、润湿剂、稳定剂和保护剂等助剂混合后得到一定细度的制剂,不仅可以提高防效,还能降低成本[24]。李舒雯[25]报道以10%的滑石粉作为载体、2%的CMC-Na作分散剂、7%的木质素磺酸钙作润湿剂、0.1%的糊精作为保护剂时,内生短短芽孢杆菌011可湿性粉剂的各项指标最优,菌剂芽孢含量达1.8×1010 CFU/g,悬浮率为76%,润湿时间为52 s。郭庄园等[26]开发的枯草芽胞杆菌262XY2′可湿性粉剂中最佳载体为白炭黑,润湿分散剂为10%的十二烷基硫酸钠,稳定剂为2%磷酸二氢钾,其活菌数为2.19×1010 CFU/g,悬浮率为84%,润湿时间为23.8 s,杂菌率为0.8%。本研究制备的可湿性粉剂的质量[活菌数为2.03×1010 CFU/g,悬浮率为(78.06±2.22)%,润湿时间为(34.80±1.17) s,杂菌率为0]优于前者但不及后者,其原因可能是因为芽胞杆菌的种类不一样,所用的助剂也不一样导致的。
我们从化感自毒物质降解效率和青枯病防治效果两方面对复合菌剂在温室和大田中的效果进行了评价。复合菌剂对6种化感自毒物质的降解率在42%−95%,表明复合菌剂能降解土壤中的化感自毒物质,但并不能像在液体培养基中一样对化感自毒物质进行完全降解,其原因可能是土壤中降解菌的生存环境,包括养分、pH、温度和湿度与培养液中不同且更为严峻,导致烟草生长过程中降解菌的繁殖能力和定殖能力下降,从而导致降解率的下降[17]。复合菌剂100倍稀释液处理(TF2组)在盆栽和田间试验中对青枯劳尔氏菌的防效均在80%左右,高于皮静[27]通过利用哈茨木霉TMN-1降解自毒物质肉桂酸来防治青枯病的效果(54%),但比解淀粉芽孢杆菌ZM9与万寿菊粉混合菌剂[28]的防效要稍差(83%),其原因可能是单一作用方式的生防菌剂存在功能单一、适应能力差、易产生抗性等问题,使得防治效果不理想,而将不同功能的生防菌或生防试剂组合得到多功能性、优势互补的复合菌剂是生防菌剂的发展趋势[29]
在大田试验中,我们发现高浓度的复合菌剂(10倍稀释)对青枯病的防治效果和对烟草生长的促进效果优于低浓度的复合菌剂(1 000倍稀释),但不及中浓度的复合菌剂(100倍稀释),其原因可能是在一定浓度范围内,青枯病的防治和烟株的促生效果会随着复合菌剂浓度的提高呈现增加趋势,但促进作用会出现阈值。若复合菌剂的浓度过高,一方面会因为其浓度高而成为根围优势菌群,会与根围其他微生物包括有益菌和有害菌竞争营养和生态位点,在抑制有害菌的同时也抑制了有益菌,导致微生物群落结构单一[30];另一方面会对土壤的理化性质产生负面影响,导致土壤pH、过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶和硝酸还原酶的活性降低,不利于青枯病的防治和烟株的生长[31]。另外高浓度的菌剂会增加经济成本,在田间大规模应用时会造成严重浪费,因此我们选择复合菌剂100倍稀释液进行田间应用。
化感自毒物质诱导植物病害发生的机制有直接作用与间接作用两种,直接作用是直接促进土壤病原微生物在宿主根部定植和繁殖,间接作用是改变了植物根围土壤微生物的区系结构特征,导致土壤理化性质发生变化、微生物多样性下降、结构单一、根围有益微生物数量减少和有害微生物种群增加,最终导致土传病害暴发[12]。与健康烟田相比,青枯病发病土壤中放线菌门、变形菌门、疣微菌门和酸杆菌门等微生物的比例显著降低,而厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和浮霉菌门等微生物的相对丰度大幅升高[30]。本研究也发现了相似的结果,复合菌剂的使用能够增加根围土中微生物群落的多样性,降低有害微生物的丰度,进而抑制病害发生,但不同的是复合菌剂处理后酸杆菌门和疣微菌门的相对丰度比CK组低,其原因可能是不同的生防菌剂和不同的土壤、气候环境使得根围土细菌群落对不同处理的响应不一样。在番茄中也有类似的报道,复合菌剂(WL-4+CW-02)处理也能显著消减青枯病根围土的优势群落酸杆菌门的丰度[32]
一般认为健康烟田中有益微生物的种类和丰度较高而使得青枯病的发生率较低[33],比如芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌和放线菌等有益菌是抑制青枯病的关键微生物[34]。本研究用复合菌剂处理连作15年的烟田后,根围土壤的细菌群落结构在属水平上发生了较大的变化,既增加了黄杆菌属、链霉属和类芽孢杆菌属等具有抑制病原菌、降解病原菌分泌的毒素和促进植物生长功能的有益菌[35-36],又降低了劳尔氏菌属、梭菌属和魏斯氏菌属等加剧青枯病发生的有害微生物[37-38],通过调节连作烟田有益菌和有害菌的种类和丰度间接达到防治青枯病的目的。
长期连作会改变土壤微生物群落结构并抑制根围微生物组功能,导致根围微生态失衡,是引发青枯病的关键原因,因此保持根围微生态的平衡是防治烟草青枯病重要的基础与保障[30]。土壤理化性质是构成根围微生态的重要因素,与植物和根围微生物区系的健康息息相关;土壤理化性质的变化在一定程度上影响了根围微生物的结构组成,反过来根围微生物群落的变化也会影响土壤的理化性质[39]。本研究仅分析了复合菌剂处理后根围土壤细菌层面上的变化,还需要对土壤理化性质的变化、真菌群落以及土壤动物的变化进行分析,进而全面地阐明复合菌剂通过调节根围微生态来防治青枯病的机制,为青枯病的防治及生防菌剂的开发提供理论指导。另外,本研究对复合菌剂降解化感物质的机制方面未进行细致而深入的研究,接下来我们将挖掘关键的降解酶,构建多降解酶融于一体的工程菌,同时与解磷菌、解钾菌、产铁载体菌、土壤改良剂以及植物源农药等进行复配,期望开发出防效更好、功能更多、适应性更广的复合生防菌剂。
综上所述,本研究将4株化感自毒物质降解菌按照生物量1:3:4:2的比例进行复配并制成可湿性粉剂,其100倍稀释液在大田试验中具有明显的抗病促生效果,具有进一步开发推广的价值。
  • 中国烟草总公司科技重大专项项目(110202101059(XJ-08))
  • 中国烟草总公司科技重大专项项目(110202201040(XJ-11))
  • 湖北省烟草公司科技项目(027Y2021-001)
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2024年第64卷第4期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230477
  • 接收时间:2023-07-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-04-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-15
  • 录用日期:2024-01-18
基金
Key Technology Projects of China National Tobacco Corporation(110202101059(XJ-08))
中国烟草总公司科技重大专项项目(110202101059(XJ-08))
Key Technology Projects of China National Tobacco Corporation(110202201040(XJ-11))
中国烟草总公司科技重大专项项目(110202201040(XJ-11))
Technology Projects of Hubei Tobacco Company(027Y2021-001)
湖北省烟草公司科技项目(027Y2021-001)
作者信息
    1 湖北大学生命科学学院 省部共建生物催化与酶工程国家重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430062
    2 湖北省烟草科学研究院, 湖北 武汉 430030

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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