Article(id=1241053880092521099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241053870428844598, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230495, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1690214400000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1695657600000, acceptedDateStr=2023-09-26, onlineDate=1773819902680, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1706976000000, pubDateStr=2024-02-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773819902680, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773819902680, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773819902680, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241053870428844598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='2', pageStart='331', pageEnd='632', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773819900376, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773820055293, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241054520269140366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241053870428844598, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241054520269140367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241053870428844598, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=607, endPage=622, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241053881162068640, articleId=1241053880092521099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Isolation and identification ofHalomonas sp. Bachu 26 with plant growth-promoting effect from rhizosphere ofTamarix chinensis under salt stress, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Salinization is a global soil problem. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have unique advantages in remediating saline-alkali soils and promoting plant growth. Screening the rhizosphere microorganisms ofTamarix chinensis, a typical halophyte, and revealing the growth-promoting effect and mechanism of these microorganisms are of great significance for developing microbial fertilizers. [Objective] To screen out the microorganisms from the rhizosphere soil of saline-alkaline tolerantT.chinensis and measure their basic characteristics, salt and alkali tolerance, and plant growth-promoting effects.[Methods] A saline-alkali tolerant strain Bachu 26 was screened out from the rhizosphere soil of wildT.chinensis in Bachu, Xinjiang and identified based on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence. We cultured the strain Bachu 26 in the media with different salt concentrations (0%–20%) and pH values (7.0–13.0) to evaluate its salt and alkali tolerance. We then used multiple functional media to examine the growth-promoting function of Bachu 26 and measured the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The petri dishes with two compartments were used to verify the ability of Bachu 26 to produce acidic volatile substances.Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings were co-cultured with strain Bachu 26 in common culture dishes, based on which the growth-promoting effect of Bachu 26 onA.thaliana seedlings was analyzed. Furthermore,A.thaliana seedlings and Bachu 26 were cultured dividually in the petri dishes with two compartments, based on which the growth-promoting effect of volatile acidic substances produced by Bachu 26 on the seedlings was analyzed. The growth-promoting effect of Bachu 26 on maize seedlings was analyzed by pot experiments.[Results] Strain Bachu 26 was identified as a species ofHalomonas and namedHalomonas sp. Bachu 26, with the maximum tolerance to 20% salt and pH 11.0.Halomonas sp. Bachu 26 could solubilize organic phosphorus, fix nitrogen, and produce ACC deaminase, IAA, and volatile acidic substances, with the IAA yield reaching 45.885 6 mg/L.Halomonas sp. Bachu 26 significantly increased the fresh weight, lateral roots, taproot length, and leaves ofA.thaliana seedlings under saline-alkali stress. In pot experiments,Halomonas sp. Bachu 26 significantly increased the fresh weight of aboveground part, fresh weight of underground part, and plant height of maize under saline-alkali stress.[Conclusion] The newly isolated PGPR strain Bachu 26 has a significant plant growth-promoting effect. The findings provide material and theoretical support for the remediation of saline-alkali soil and development of saline-alkali tolerant plant growth-promoting microbial fertilizers. Furthermore, the results will promote the applied and basic research onHalomonas.

, correspAuthors=Zhenpu LIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*LIANG Zhenpu, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiaoxia ZHANG, Xiaoyue CHEN, Qiuyun WANG, Guozhi ZHANG, Xinping YANG, Jinping DAI, Zhenpu LIANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241053885142463342, articleId=1241053880092521099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=柽柳根际一株盐单胞菌Bachu 26的分离、鉴定及其盐胁迫下的促生作用研究, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

盐渍化是世界性的土壤问题,植物促生根际细菌(plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR)在盐碱地改良和促进植物生长方面具有独特优势。柽柳是典型的盐生植物,筛选其根际微生物并研究其促生效果与促生机制,以此开发微生物菌肥,具有重要的应用价值。【目的】筛选耐盐碱植物柽柳的根际微生物,对其基本特性、耐盐碱能力、促生功能及促生效果进行评估。【方法】从新疆巴楚境内野生柽柳根际土壤中筛选出一株耐盐碱细菌菌株Bachu 26;通过形态学观察、生理生化特性测定和16S rRNA基因序列分析,对该菌株进行鉴定;利用不同盐浓度(0%–20%)和不同pH (7.0–13.0),对菌株Bachu 26的耐盐耐碱能力进行测定;采用多种功能鉴定培养基测定其促生功能,并对生长素吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)进行定量测定;通过二分格培养皿实验验证菌株产生挥发性酸性物质的能力;在普通培养皿上将拟南芥幼苗与菌株Bachu 26共培养,分析菌株对拟南芥幼苗的促生作用;在二分格培养皿上将拟南芥与Bachu 26隔离培养,分析菌株产生的挥发性酸性物质对拟南芥幼苗的促生作用;用盆栽法分析该菌株对玉米幼苗的促生作用。【结果】菌株Bachu 26为盐单胞菌属(Halomonas),将其命名为Halomonas sp. Bachu 26,该菌株生长最高耐受盐浓度达20%,耐受的最高pH值为11.0。菌株Bachu 26具有溶解有机磷、固氮、产1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸脱氨酶(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylicacid deaminase, ACC)、IAA和挥发性酸性物质的能力,其中IAA产量可达45.885 6 mg/L。菌株Bachu 26可显著提高拟南芥幼苗在盐碱胁迫条件下的鲜重、侧根数、主根长和叶片数;盆栽实验中可显著提高玉米在盐碱胁迫下的地上鲜重、地下鲜重和株高。【结论】新分离Bachu 26具有显著的耐盐碱促生效果,为后期盐碱地的改良和耐盐碱促生微生物肥料的开发提供了材料和理论支持,同时可以促进对盐单胞菌的应用和基础研究。

, correspAuthors=梁振普, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=v7dEriw+B6fqJVARTigytA==, magXml=pAPLyV1q1TV2WLQNdctD7Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=WZr2vWSrtGoB7W4W4QUEwg==, pdfFileSize=1207992, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=oxHo+JTCIj7/F3jybGaplg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=qSkcfycd29nP6R7cO1C1KQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=张小霞, 陈筱玥, 王秋云, 张国只, 杨新平, 代金平, 梁振普)}, authors=[Author(id=1241083590000308383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053880092521099, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, 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Harbin: Master's Thesis of Northeast Agricultural University, 2018 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083607582831314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053880092521099, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=27, pageEnd=37, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=中国生物工程杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=贾桂燕, 王永杰, 陈志康, 陈星, 殷奎德, 李雯, 王艳红.盐单胞菌DSM 16354T中新型耐盐基因的克隆及解析[J].中国生物工程杂志,2022,42(3):27-37., articleTitle=盐单胞菌DSM 16354T中新型耐盐基因的克隆及解析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083607679300312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053880092521099, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=27, pageEnd=37, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=China Biotechnology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIA GY, WANG YJ, CHEN ZK, CHEN X, YIN KD, LI W, WANG YH.Cloning and analysis of novel functional genes inHalomonas alkaliphila DSM 16354T[J].China Biotechnology,2022,42(3):27-37 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Cloning and analysis of novel functional genes inHalomonas alkaliphila DSM 16354T, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241083598997090816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053880092521099, awardId=2022B02019, language=EN, fundingSource=Key Research and Development Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02019), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241083599076782597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053880092521099, awardId=2022B02019, language=CN, fundingSource=新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划(2022B02019), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241083599169057289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053880092521099, awardId=2022DB026, language=EN, fundingSource=Innovative Development Support Program for Key Industries of South Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022DB026), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241083599341023763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053880092521099, awardId=2022DB026, language=CN, fundingSource=南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划(2022DB026), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241083589752844426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053880092521099, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589761233036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053880092521099, companyId=1241083589752844426, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589769621645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053880092521099, companyId=1241083589752844426, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 河南农业大学生命科学学院, 河南 郑州 450046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241083589874479251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053880092521099, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589882867860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053880092521099, companyId=1241083589874479251, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Institute of Microbiology Application, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589891256471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053880092521099, companyId=1241083589874479251, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830091)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241083595104776582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053880092521099, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Determination of salt and alkali resistance of Bachu 26. 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Bootstrap values (> 50%) based on 1 000 replicates for the maximum likelihood method are shown at branch nodes. Bar: 0.01 substitutions per site. GenBank accession numbers are given in parentheses., figureFileSmall=oFJuuJLQa3MqVj07wdwK/g==, figureFileBig=vnAoR2U6byxTmLEE74WHMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241083595457098138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053880092521099, language=CN, label=图2, caption=基于16S rRNA基因序列构建的菌株Bachu 26的系统发育树, figureFileSmall=oFJuuJLQa3MqVj07wdwK/g==, figureFileBig=vnAoR2U6byxTmLEE74WHMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241083595595510173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053880092521099, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=The growth of strain Bachu 26 on different identification mediums. A: Mongina medium. B: Ashby medium. 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Standard deviation is the individual difference of maize under the same conditions. *:P < 0.05; **:P < 0.01; ***:P < 0.001., figureFileSmall=IxiEsmWGFO4UhFAJqfMx+g==, figureFileBig=brXQ7pZW8HV/zoXcAAlIkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241083597021573596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053880092521099, language=CN, label=图8, caption=菌株Bachu 26对玉米幼苗的促生效果, figureFileSmall=IxiEsmWGFO4UhFAJqfMx+g==, figureFileBig=brXQ7pZW8HV/zoXcAAlIkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241083598527328739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053880092521099, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Physiological and biochemical analysis of the strain Bachu 26

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Test itemsResults
+: Positive reaction;: Negative reaction.
Starch hydrolyze
Catalase test+
Oxidase test+
Only carbon source tests
Glucose+
Fructose+
Galactose+
Saccharose+
Xylose+
l-arabinose+
Citrate test+
), ArticleFig(id=1241083598619603434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053880092521099, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

菌株Bachu 26生理生化测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Test itemsResults
+: Positive reaction;: Negative reaction.
Starch hydrolyze
Catalase test+
Oxidase test+
Only carbon source tests
Glucose+
Fructose+
Galactose+
Saccharose+
Xylose+
l-arabinose+
Citrate test+
), ArticleFig(id=1241083598716072430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053880092521099, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Alkali-lowering and salt-lowering abilities of strain Bachu 26

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Test itemspHResults
Alkali-lowering ability
(%)
8.06.88
9.014.44
10.020.80
Salt-lowering ability
(%)
8.00
9.00
10.07.03
), ArticleFig(id=1241083598816735732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053880092521099, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

菌株Bachu 26降碱降盐能力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Test itemspHResults
Alkali-lowering ability
(%)
8.06.88
9.014.44
10.020.80
Salt-lowering ability
(%)
8.00
9.00
10.07.03
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柽柳根际一株盐单胞菌Bachu 26的分离、鉴定及其盐胁迫下的促生作用研究
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张小霞 1 , 陈筱玥 1 , 王秋云 1 , 张国只 1 , 杨新平 2 , 代金平 2 , 梁振普 1, 2, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(2): 607-622
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(2): 607-622
柽柳根际一株盐单胞菌Bachu 26的分离、鉴定及其盐胁迫下的促生作用研究
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张小霞1, 陈筱玥1, 王秋云1, 张国只1, 杨新平2, 代金平2, 梁振普1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1 河南农业大学生命科学学院, 河南 郑州 450046
  • 2 新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830091
Isolation and identification ofHalomonas sp. Bachu 26 with plant growth-promoting effect from rhizosphere ofTamarix chinensis under salt stress
Xiaoxia ZHANG1, Xiaoyue CHEN1, Qiuyun WANG1, Guozhi ZHANG1, Xinping YANG2, Jinping DAI2, Zhenpu LIANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
  • 2 Institute of Microbiology Application, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China
出版时间: 2024-02-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230495
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盐渍化是世界性的土壤问题,植物促生根际细菌(plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR)在盐碱地改良和促进植物生长方面具有独特优势。柽柳是典型的盐生植物,筛选其根际微生物并研究其促生效果与促生机制,以此开发微生物菌肥,具有重要的应用价值。【目的】筛选耐盐碱植物柽柳的根际微生物,对其基本特性、耐盐碱能力、促生功能及促生效果进行评估。【方法】从新疆巴楚境内野生柽柳根际土壤中筛选出一株耐盐碱细菌菌株Bachu 26;通过形态学观察、生理生化特性测定和16S rRNA基因序列分析,对该菌株进行鉴定;利用不同盐浓度(0%–20%)和不同pH (7.0–13.0),对菌株Bachu 26的耐盐耐碱能力进行测定;采用多种功能鉴定培养基测定其促生功能,并对生长素吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)进行定量测定;通过二分格培养皿实验验证菌株产生挥发性酸性物质的能力;在普通培养皿上将拟南芥幼苗与菌株Bachu 26共培养,分析菌株对拟南芥幼苗的促生作用;在二分格培养皿上将拟南芥与Bachu 26隔离培养,分析菌株产生的挥发性酸性物质对拟南芥幼苗的促生作用;用盆栽法分析该菌株对玉米幼苗的促生作用。【结果】菌株Bachu 26为盐单胞菌属(Halomonas),将其命名为Halomonas sp. Bachu 26,该菌株生长最高耐受盐浓度达20%,耐受的最高pH值为11.0。菌株Bachu 26具有溶解有机磷、固氮、产1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸脱氨酶(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylicacid deaminase, ACC)、IAA和挥发性酸性物质的能力,其中IAA产量可达45.885 6 mg/L。菌株Bachu 26可显著提高拟南芥幼苗在盐碱胁迫条件下的鲜重、侧根数、主根长和叶片数;盆栽实验中可显著提高玉米在盐碱胁迫下的地上鲜重、地下鲜重和株高。【结论】新分离Bachu 26具有显著的耐盐碱促生效果,为后期盐碱地的改良和耐盐碱促生微生物肥料的开发提供了材料和理论支持,同时可以促进对盐单胞菌的应用和基础研究。

柽柳  /  盐碱地  /  植物促生根际细菌(PGPR)  /  盐单胞菌  /  促生

Salinization is a global soil problem. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have unique advantages in remediating saline-alkali soils and promoting plant growth. Screening the rhizosphere microorganisms ofTamarix chinensis, a typical halophyte, and revealing the growth-promoting effect and mechanism of these microorganisms are of great significance for developing microbial fertilizers. [Objective] To screen out the microorganisms from the rhizosphere soil of saline-alkaline tolerantT.chinensis and measure their basic characteristics, salt and alkali tolerance, and plant growth-promoting effects.[Methods] A saline-alkali tolerant strain Bachu 26 was screened out from the rhizosphere soil of wildT.chinensis in Bachu, Xinjiang and identified based on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence. We cultured the strain Bachu 26 in the media with different salt concentrations (0%–20%) and pH values (7.0–13.0) to evaluate its salt and alkali tolerance. We then used multiple functional media to examine the growth-promoting function of Bachu 26 and measured the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The petri dishes with two compartments were used to verify the ability of Bachu 26 to produce acidic volatile substances.Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings were co-cultured with strain Bachu 26 in common culture dishes, based on which the growth-promoting effect of Bachu 26 onA.thaliana seedlings was analyzed. Furthermore,A.thaliana seedlings and Bachu 26 were cultured dividually in the petri dishes with two compartments, based on which the growth-promoting effect of volatile acidic substances produced by Bachu 26 on the seedlings was analyzed. The growth-promoting effect of Bachu 26 on maize seedlings was analyzed by pot experiments.[Results] Strain Bachu 26 was identified as a species ofHalomonas and namedHalomonas sp. Bachu 26, with the maximum tolerance to 20% salt and pH 11.0.Halomonas sp. Bachu 26 could solubilize organic phosphorus, fix nitrogen, and produce ACC deaminase, IAA, and volatile acidic substances, with the IAA yield reaching 45.885 6 mg/L.Halomonas sp. Bachu 26 significantly increased the fresh weight, lateral roots, taproot length, and leaves ofA.thaliana seedlings under saline-alkali stress. In pot experiments,Halomonas sp. Bachu 26 significantly increased the fresh weight of aboveground part, fresh weight of underground part, and plant height of maize under saline-alkali stress.[Conclusion] The newly isolated PGPR strain Bachu 26 has a significant plant growth-promoting effect. The findings provide material and theoretical support for the remediation of saline-alkali soil and development of saline-alkali tolerant plant growth-promoting microbial fertilizers. Furthermore, the results will promote the applied and basic research onHalomonas.

Tamarix chinensis  /  saline-alkali soil  /  plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)  /  Halomonas  /  plant growth-promoting effect
张小霞, 陈筱玥, 王秋云, 张国只, 杨新平, 代金平, 梁振普. 柽柳根际一株盐单胞菌Bachu 26的分离、鉴定及其盐胁迫下的促生作用研究. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (2) : 607 -622 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230495
Xiaoxia ZHANG, Xiaoyue CHEN, Qiuyun WANG, Guozhi ZHANG, Xinping YANG, Jinping DAI, Zhenpu LIANG. Isolation and identification ofHalomonas sp. Bachu 26 with plant growth-promoting effect from rhizosphere ofTamarix chinensis under salt stress[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (2) : 607 -622 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230495
土壤盐碱化问题在世界范围普遍存在,其主要表现为易溶性盐分不断析出并积聚在土壤表层。目前,土壤盐渍化面积仍然呈增加趋势,严重制约着农业生产和经济的发展[1-2]。2021年世界土壤日的主题为“防止土壤盐渍化,提高土壤生产力”,旨在鼓励社会加强改良和利用盐碱土壤,提高土壤生产力,保持生态系统稳定。我国盐碱地面积占比极大,排名世界第三,而新疆是我国盐碱地主要分布区。
土地盐碱化会抑制作物生长、降低肥料利用率,严重时甚至导致耕地抛荒,并且据统计每年因为土壤盐渍化导致可耕地面积下降1%–2%[3-4]。因此土壤盐碱化是严重影响耕地产能、粮食安全以及生态系统的重要障碍因子[5-6]。早在20世纪30年代,世界各国就纷纷开展了盐碱地治理方面的研究。目前,治理盐碱地主要有3种改良技术:物理改良、化学改良和生物改良。生物改良技术主要是通过种植喜盐植物和接种耐盐碱促生微生物来改良盐碱地和促进植物生长。微生物接种方法,即采集耐盐碱植物根际的有益微生物开发成生物肥料接种于植物根部,能有效缓解盐碱胁迫对植物生长的抑制作用[7],同时通过微生物的活动也可以改善土壤的理化性质[7-8]
根际是由植物的根、土壤、微生物三者共同构成的一个动态、灵活且复杂的生态微环境,不仅对植物生长发育起到关键作用,同时对微生物驱动的碳氮固定及循环过程也十分重要[9]。植物促生根际细菌(plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR)是生长于植物根系表面的细菌群落,能够起到促进植物生长、改善土壤微环境等作用[10]。PGPR可以通过自身作用直接产生有利于植物生长吸收的代谢物质或通过改变植物的代谢途径间接地促进植物的生长[11-14]。研究显示PGPR可以产生植物内源激素吲哚乙酸(indole-3- acetic acid, IAA),IAA可以影响植物细胞的分裂、组织伸长、种子萌发和根系发育等,并作用于植物生长全过程,对于植物在盐碱胁迫的响应有重要作用[15]。此外PGPR还可以通过固定大气中的氮、溶磷、解磷、解钾、产1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(1-aminocyclopropane- 1-carboxylicacid, ACC)脱氨酶等方式促进植物生长[16]。在盐胁迫下,植物通常会产生大量乙烯,过量的乙烯会抑制植物的生长,PGPR可以通过产生ACC脱氨酶降解乙烯的前体物质ACC,从而调节植物体内乙烯含量[17]。PGPR还可阻止或减弱病原菌对植物的侵染,从而间接地达到促生效果[18-19]
目前,利用微生物接种剂促进植物生长及盐碱地改良过程中遇到的突出问题包括:(1) 菌株种类少;(2) 已有菌株对不同环境,尤其像盐碱地这样的特殊生态环境适应性差;(3) 已有菌株对不同植物的促生效果普适性差。因此,需要开发针对性高的功能型微生物菌剂。柽柳作为我国新疆常见的一种荒漠灌木,广泛分布于沙荒地和盐渍化土地,特殊的生长环境孕育了柽柳根际特殊的微生物种类。
本研究对新疆维吾尔自治区巴楚境内的柽柳根际菌株进行了分离、筛选与鉴定,结果分离到了一株盐单胞菌Bachu 26,对其特性和促生功能进行了研究,结果可丰富耐盐碱促生菌的资源,加快微生物接种剂在盐碱地改良、植物促生等领域的应用进程。
研究所用拟南芥种子为拟南芥哥伦比亚生态型(Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia, Col),由本实验室扩繁保存。供试玉米种子为新玉62号。供试菌株Bachu 26分离自新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区巴楚境内柽柳的根际土壤,由本课题组保藏。
高盐高碱LB培养基:酵母提取物0.5 g/L,胰蛋白胨1 g/L,NaCl 1.28 mol/L,pH 9.0,用于微生物常规培养(利用40% NaOH调节pH值至9.0)。分别采用无机磷培养基、蒙金娜培养基、硅酸盐培养基、阿须贝无氮培养基和ADF培养基进行微生物溶磷、解磷、解钾、固氮和产ACC脱氨酶能力的鉴定,每种培养基的NaCl终浓度均为1.28 mol/L。
于超净工作台中称取5.0 g供试土样,加入45 mL灭菌去离子水中,涡旋振荡使土壤与水充分混匀后静置2–5 min形成土壤悬液。对土壤悬液进行梯度稀释,得到分别为10–1、10–2、10–3、10–4浓度梯度的悬液。将制备的不同浓度梯度的土壤悬液涡旋振荡混匀后,分别取100 μL涂布于高盐高碱LB固体培养基,倒置放入30 ℃恒温培养箱中培养48 h。选取能够分离出单菌落的浓度梯度的平板,挑取单菌落进行至少3次划线培养,得到能够在高盐高碱环境下生存的耐盐碱微生物,然后接种到LB液体培养基于30 ℃恒温振荡摇床培养,将菌液按1:1比例加入50%甘油中,于–80 ℃保藏备用。
利用PCR扩增单菌落的16S rRNA基因序列,引物为细菌16S rRNA基因通用引物27F (5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′)、1492R (5′-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′)[20]。PCR反应体系(25 μL):2×phanta Max Mix (p515) 12.5 µL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各1 µL,DNA模板0.5 µL,ddH2O 10 µL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性30 s,60 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸2 min,35个循环;72 ℃终延伸5 min。对PCR产物测序[生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司]验证,测序结果通过NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)进行BLAST比对,并在NCBI数据库中进行注册。
将单菌落Bachu 26接种于LB固体培养基,30 ℃倒置培养48 h,观察菌落的大小、形状、颜色、边缘整齐度等形态。采用革兰氏染色与扫描电镜观察细菌的形态与大小。
将Bachu 26菌株接种于LB液体培养基中,在30 ℃、180 r/min培养OD600为0.6–0.8。菌株耐盐能力测定选取pH 9.0条件下的11个不同NaCl浓度(0、20、40、60、80、100、120、140、160、180、200 g/L)和一个盐浓度为0 g/L但不调节pH的条件[标为0(–)],共12个条件进行测定;蘸取菌液在盐浓度不同的LB固体培养基上划线,置于30 ℃恒温培养箱中倒置培养;每隔24 h观察菌落直径大小,重复测3次取平均值。耐碱能力测定选取NaCl浓度为1.28 mol/L条件下7个不同pH值,分别为7.0、8.0、9.0、10.0、11.0、12.0、13.0 (均使用40%的NaOH调节pH值);将菌液以2%的接种量分别接种到不同pH值的LB液体培养基中,置于恒温振荡摇床30 ℃、180 r/min培养;以不接菌的LB液体培养基为对照组,每隔24 h用可见分光光度计测定并统计菌株的OD600值,重复测3次取平均值。
对菌株进行产淀粉水解酶、过氧化氢酶、氧化酶和柠檬酸盐测定。使用青岛海博生物技术有限公司的生化管进行菌株唯一碳源鉴定。依据《普通细菌鉴定手册》与生化鉴定结果判断细菌特征。
在培养皿上等间距接种3处菌液,每处接种5.0 μL。无机磷培养基、蒙金娜培养基、硅酸盐培养基、阿须贝无氮培养基和ADF培养基均采用上述方式接种,每种功能鉴定培养基各接种3个培养皿作为生物学重复,置于30 ℃恒温培养箱倒置培养8 d,观察不同培养基上的菌株生长情况。无机磷培养基、蒙金娜培养基、硅酸盐培养基上的菌株周围如能够产生透明圈,则表示Bachu 26具有溶磷、解磷、解钾的能力,使用十字交叉法测定透明圈直径大小与菌落直径大小,二者比值与菌株溶磷、解磷、解钾能力呈正相关。阿须贝无氮培养基、ADF培养基上如生长菌落,则表示Bachu 26具有固氮、分泌ACC脱氨酶的能力。
称取IAA标准品10.0 mg,用少量无水乙醇溶解后用蒸馏水定容至100 mL作为贮备液,将贮备液稀释至浓度分别为10、20、30、40、50 μg/mL的标准液。向2 mL的标准液中加入2 mL Salkowski显色液。置于避光处30 min等待颜色反应。测量其OD530处的吸光度并根据数据绘制标准曲线。
将菌株接种于LB液体培养基中,置于恒温振荡摇床30 ℃、180 r/min培养,每48 h取2 mL菌悬液于离心管离心10 min,转移上清加入等体积Salkowski显色液。置于避光处30 min等待颜色反应。使用分光光度计测量记录OD530的吸光度,以OD530的值为横坐标,IAA浓度为纵坐标绘制标准曲线[21],通过标准曲线的回归方程计算Bachu 26产生的IAA浓度。
为验证Bachu 26是否产生挥发性酸性物质,本研究利用在隔离培养皿中加入中性红(指示范围:pH 6.8–8.0)的方法进行判定,中性红在pH 6.8–8.0的指示范围内显示红色,不在该范围时为橘色。在隔离培养皿两侧加入添加了中性红的LB固体培养基,一侧接种菌株Bachu 26,另一侧不接菌;共接种6个培养皿。将培养皿置于30 ℃倒置培养48 h后取出,观察颜色变化。选择3个培养基开盖敞口放置,另外3个不敞口。24 h后对敞口与未敞口的2组培养皿进行比较。如培养48 h后培养基变红说明产生酸性物质;敞口放置24 h后如颜色未从红色变为橘色说明产生的酸性物质为非挥发性的,如颜色由红色变为橘色说明产生的酸性物质为挥发性物质。
OD600值为0.6–0.8的Bachu 26菌液分别接种于NaCl浓度为1.28 mol/L,pH值分别为8、9、10的液体培养基中,置于恒温振荡摇床30 ℃、180 r/min培养,用于测定Bachu 26的降盐能力。每隔12 h取0.5 mL菌液,向其中滴加2.5 μL 10%的铬酸钾溶液作为指示剂,以0.1 mol/L AgNO3滴定法测定NaCl浓度。当出现砖红色沉淀且不褪去即为滴定终点。
根据公式(1)计算Cl的浓度C2
式中,C1为AgNO3溶液浓度(mol/L);V1为滴定时消耗的AgNO3溶液体积(mL);V2为滴定时菌液的体积(mL);将Cl浓度带入公式(2)计算降盐率η
式中,C2最高为培养基中Cl降解前浓度(mol /L);C2最低为培养基中Cl降解后浓度(mol /L)。
降碱率测定的菌株培养和取样方法同上。将菌液4 000 r/min离心5 min,取上清液测量菌液的pH值。根据公式(3)计算降碱率η
式中,pH为接菌前培养基的pH值;pH为接菌后培养基的pH值。
取适量拟南芥(Col)种子清洗干净后置于4 ℃冰箱春化3 d备用。
通过测定拟南芥的耐盐碱能力,确定了1/2 MS固体培养基的5个盐碱胁迫条件:pH调至5.8、pH调至8.0、pH调至8.0并加入2 mmol/L的NaHCO3 (简称pH 8+2 mmol/L NaHCO3)、pH调至8.0并加入100 mmol/L NaCl (简称pH 8+100 mmol/L NaCl)、pH调至8.0并加入2 mmol/L NaHCO3和100 mmol/L NaCl (简称pH 8+2 mmol/L NaHCO3+100 mmol/L NaCl),上述培养基均利用40%的NaOH调节培养基pH值。共培养采用自制的双层培养基:在培养皿中加入1/2 MS固体培养基,待培养基完全冷却后切掉距培养皿底部1.5 cm处的培养基,加入2.0 mL LB固体培养基,在距培养皿底部6.0 cm处划线,划线处接种20颗处理好的拟南芥种子,LB固体培养基部分接种菌株Bachu 26,将培养皿密封后放入培养箱竖直培养。隔离培养使用二分格培养皿,一侧分别加入5个不同条件的1/2 MS培养基(pH 5.8、pH 8.0、pH 8.0+2 mmol/L NaHCO3、pH 8.0+100 mmol/LNaCl和pH 8.0+ 2 mmol/L NaHCO3+100 mmol/L NaCl),在距离1/2 MS培养基顶部1.5 cm处接种拟南芥种子10颗,另一侧加入LB培养基用于接种菌株Bachu 26,将培养皿密封后放入培养箱竖直培养。
拟南芥生长条件:22 ℃,光照强度12 000 lx培养16 h,黑暗培养8 h,相对湿度50%,竖直培养10 d。10 d后统计共培养和隔离培养的拟南芥发芽率、幼苗根长、叶片数和鲜重4项生理指标。
选取大小均一的玉米种子洗净消毒后在黑暗条件下浸泡过夜备用。
选取11个条件对玉米的耐盐碱情况进行测定,盐碱使用碱性盐NaHCO3和中性盐NaCl按照物质的量1:1比例混合后根据质量比加入营养土中,加入盐的量与土壤的质量比分别为:0、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50 g/kg。将处理过的玉米种子播种至不同盐碱浓度的土壤中,28 ℃/22 ℃,20 000 lx/0 lx,光周期14 h/10 h,相对湿度70%培养10 d,确定盆栽实验的盐胁迫浓度。
由玉米耐盐碱测定实验选出3个合适的盐碱浓度0、15、45 g/kg进行实验;每盆播种5粒玉米种子,播种深度为1 cm左右,每个盐浓度设置10个重复。待玉米长出2片叶片,取浓度为108 CFU/mL的菌液按照1:9的比例稀释10倍制成菌悬液,向每株玉米根部施加5 mL菌悬液,每隔7 d施加一次。14 d后洗净玉米根系,称量地上鲜重和地下鲜重、测量株高。
为了确定菌株Bachu 26的形态学特征,对其进行了菌落、光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察。菌株Bachu 26的形态学特征为:在LB固体培养基培养48 h后菌落直径约2.85 mm,菌落规则呈圆形,边缘整齐,表面凸起呈黄色、光滑湿润不透明。菌株Bachu 26革兰氏染色呈红色,表明其为革兰氏阴性菌。扫描电镜观察结果显示,Bachu 26大小约为1.743 3 μm×0.457 3 μm,细胞呈长杆状,无芽孢。
为了测定菌株Bachu 26对盐碱环境的耐受性,对其耐盐碱能力进行了测定。研究结果表明,菌株Bachu 26在NaCl浓度为0−200 g/L条件下均可生长(图1A),其中在80 g/L盐浓度下生长速度最快。菌株Bachu 26在pH 7.0−11.0条件下均可生长(图1B),其中pH 7.0−10.0时菌株长势较好。明确了菌株Bachu 26最适生长的盐碱条件为:80 g/L盐浓度,pH 7.0−10.0。
生理生化反应结果显示,菌株Bachu 26具备产过氧化氢酶和氧化酶的能力,不具备水解淀粉的能力;菌株Bachu 26可利用葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖、蔗糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖和柠檬酸盐作为唯一碳源进行生长(表1)。
16S rRNA基因序列的PCR产物测序结果显示,菌株Bachu 26的16S rRNA基因序列长度为1 444 bp;将其在GenBank进行注册,登录号为OQ586668。通过NCBI数据库比对和构建系统发育树(图2),结果显示,菌株Bachu 26与盐单胞菌属成员TRM0175T (NR 104282)的16S rRNA基因序列相似性最高,达到99.65%。结合形态学特征、生理生化特性与分子鉴定结果,可以确定菌株Bachu 26属于盐单胞菌属成员,将其命名为Halomonas sp. Bachu 26。
通过在不同的功能鉴定培养基上接种菌株Bachu 26判断该菌的促生功能特性,结果显示,菌株Bachu 26在蒙金娜培养基上可以形成透明圈,菌落直径与解磷圈直径的比值HC (D/d)为2.267 048,而在无机磷和硅酸盐培养基上无透明圈出现,说明菌株Bachu 26具有解有机磷的功能,不具有溶无机磷和解钾的功能;菌株Bachu 26在阿须贝无氮培养基和ADF培养基上均可生长,说明其具有固氮和产ACC脱氨酶的能力(图3)。
在对菌株Bachu 26产生的IAA进行定量前,根据不同浓度IAA纯品的吸光度,以IAA浓度为纵坐标制作了标准曲线,得到标准曲线方程为y=74.595x–2.525 6。实验测得菌株Bachu 26在OD530处的吸光度为0.649,最终确定其在NaCl 1.28 mol/L、pH 9.0条件下分泌IAA的量为45.886 56 mg/L。
为了解析菌株Bachu 26是否可以通过直接降低盐碱从而起到促生作用,对菌株Bachu 26的降盐碱能力进行了测定。降碱实验结果表明,在pH值分别为8.0、9.0、10.0的条件下培养菌株Bachu 26后,培养基的最终pH值分别降为7.45、7.70、7.92,由公式(3)计算出降碱率分别为6.88%、14.44%、20.80%,其降碱能力随pH值的升高而增强。降盐实验结果表明,Bachu 26在pH为8.0和9.0时不具备降盐能力,当pH值为10.0时,降盐率为7.03% (表2)。
为了确定菌株Bachu 26降碱时是否产生挥发性的酸性物质,本研究使用中性红作为指示剂进行了分析。将加入中性红(pH指示范围:6.8–8.0)的LB培养基倒入隔离培养皿两侧,于一侧接种菌株Bachu 26,30 ℃倒置培养48 h。结果表明,接种菌株Bachu 26培养48 h后培养基两侧变红(图4A);将2组培养皿分别进行敞口和不敞口放置24 h,敞口放置的培养基恢复橘色(图4B),未敞口放置的培养基颜色不变(图4C)。上述结果表明,菌株Bachu 26产生了挥发性酸性物质。
根据课题组前期对拟南芥耐盐碱性的测定,菌株Bachu 26对拟南芥促生效果的验证实验采用了5个不同盐碱条件的1/2 MS培养基:pH 5.8、pH 8、pH 8+2 mmol/L NaHCO3、pH 8+100 mmol/L NaCl和pH 8+2 mmol/L NaHCO3+100 mmol/L NaCl。
当菌株Bachu 26与拟南芥共培养时,在pH 5.8条件下根长增加,不具有显著性;在pH 8.0条件下拟南芥的根长、鲜重、叶片数都有增加,不具有显著性;在pH 8.0+2 mmol/L NaHCO3条件下根长、鲜重、叶片数极显著增加(P < 0.01),侧根数相较于未生长的对照组,呈现明显的促进作用;在pH 8.0+100 mmol/L NaCl、pH 8.0+2 mmol/L NaHCO3+100 mmol/L NaCl条件下拟南芥根长显著增加(P < 0.05),对鲜重和叶片数也表现出明显的促进作用(图5)。结果表明,在不同盐碱胁迫条件下,菌株Bachu 26对拟南芥幼苗有促生作用。
由2.2.4结果可知Bachu 26会产生酸性挥发性物质,因此将拟南芥与菌株Bachu 26在隔离培养皿上隔离培养进一步验证产生的挥发性酸性物质是否具有促生作用。研究结果表明,在pH 8.0条件下,拟南芥的侧根数、根长、鲜重显著增加(P < 0.05),叶片数增加但不具有显著性;在pH 8.0+2 mmol/L NaHCO3条件下侧根数、根长、叶片数显著增加(P < 0.05),鲜重增加但不具有显著性;在pH 8.0+100 mmol/L NaCl条件下拟南芥的根长显著增加(P < 0.05);在pH 8.0+2 mmol/L NaHCO3+100 mmol/L NaCl条件下拟南芥的根长显著增加(P < 0.05),侧根、鲜重、叶片数也增加但不具有显著性(图6)。
玉米的耐盐碱实验测定结果表明,盐碱浓度为15 g/kg和45 g/kg时,对玉米种子的萌发和幼苗生长影响明显(图7)。因此确定盐碱浓度15 g/kg和45 g/kg作为后续实验中的盐胁迫条件,以0 g/kg的处理作为对照。
在盐浓度0 g/kg条件下玉米在接种了菌株Bachu 26后地上鲜重显著增加(P < 0.05),株高极显著增加(P < 0.001);在盐浓度15 g/kg条件下,玉米在接种了菌株Bachu 26后地上鲜重、地下鲜重极显著增加(P < 0.01),株高有所增加但不显著。在45 g/kg条件下玉米在接种了菌株Bachu 26后地上鲜重显著增加(P < 0.05),株高显著增加(P < 0.05),地下鲜重有所增加但不显著(图8)。结果表明,在不同盐碱胁迫条件下,Bachu 26对玉米幼苗均有促生作用。
根际土壤微生物在植物的生长中至关重要,它与植物的营养元素获取有着密不可分的关系[22],PGPR可以通过自身代谢产生对植物生长有利的某些激素,如IAA能促进植物细胞生长,使细胞的体积和质量增加;或者分泌ACC脱氨酶、产铁载体等多种促生物质,或者具有将难溶性钾、磷转变为植物易吸收的可溶性钾和磷的能力,从而促进植物生长[23]。然而大多数植物的根际促生菌的生长环境属于中性,它们难以适应高盐碱环境[24],较难在盐碱地中利用;如果能够分离利用这些耐盐碱植物的根际微生物,可以有效缓解由于盐碱造成的我国耕地面积日渐紧逼的问题。
柽柳作为一种耐盐碱植物可以对土壤中的盐分进行吸收,降低土壤盐含量[25],因此分离其根际微生物可以获得具有高盐高碱环境适应能力的PGPR。本研究供试菌株Bachu 26分离自我国新疆巴楚县的一株柽柳,该菌株在0%–20%的盐浓度和pH 7.0–11.0的条件下均可生存,具有较好的耐盐碱能力,其耐盐碱的分子机制有待今后进一步验证。促生菌对不同生存环境的适应性存在明显差异,在一定程度上限制了根际促生菌的应用[26]。菌株Bachu 26可以利用的碳源种类较广泛,这种多样的碳源利用能力可以为菌株在生长中提供更便利的能量来源,大大提高其在极端环境下的生存能力。因此菌株Bachu 26可以克服已有促生菌的适应性差等弊端[26],在盐碱化土壤中的利用甚至非盐碱化土壤中的利用都具有较大潜力。
研究表明,有些溶磷微生物可以将土壤中难溶性磷转化为可溶性磷,最终被植物吸收利用[27]。氮素是植物生长发育所需的大量营养元素之一,也是作物生产中最常见的养分限制因子[28]。生物固氮是陆地生态系统中氮的重要来源,为大气氮的利用提供了可能[29]。另外微生物产生的ACC脱氨酶与IAA可以被植物吸收成为内源性物质,作用于植物本身生长,IAA的吸收还可以激活植物ACC合成酶的活性,从而促进植物的生长[30]。本研究中的菌株Bachu 26具有溶解有机磷的能力;可以利用大气中的氮元素;同时还可以产生ACC脱氨酶和IAA,其IAA的产量可达45.886 56 mg/L。因此,菌株Bachu 26具有良好的促生利用潜能。此外,本研究的隔离培养实验显示,菌株Bachu 26能产生某些挥发性酸性物质,推测其可以直接有效缓解土壤的碱胁迫,但是这些挥发性物质参与降碱的比重还需要进一步研究。本研究显示不同碱性条件下菌株Bachu 26具有的不同降盐能力,推测其原因是不同的碱性条件诱导了细菌的某些特定基因的表达所致。其在高碱情况下表现出的降盐能力的分子机制及其应用价值也有待进一步探究。
基于对菌株Bachu 26促生能力的生理生化鉴定结果,本研究还选取了2种植物开展了促生效果的进一步验证。结果表明,菌株Bachu 26在培养皿促生实验中对拟南芥具有促生作用,其作用表现在根长、鲜重、侧根数和叶片数的增加,这种促生作用在盐碱胁迫的条件下尤为明显。玉米的盆栽促生实验结果显示,不论是否存在盐碱胁迫,菌株Bachu 26对玉米的地上鲜重、地下鲜重、株高等均产生了不同程度的促生效果。
因PGPR具有优良的应用潜能,近年来,越来越多的研究人员开展了PGPR的分离与应用研究工作。如陕西理工大学的王梦娇团队,分析了蓝莓的根际微生物群落构成,并分离到了对蓝莓生长具有促进作用的根际促生菌,该研究以生长素产生能力作为筛选标准,共筛选出12株可以产生生长素的细菌,其生长素产生能力范围为5.53–58.07 mg/L;对这12株促生菌的解磷、解钾能力进行了鉴定,其中5株具有解磷能力,2株具有溶解硅酸盐的能力;分子鉴定结果显示,2株属于布丘氏菌属、3株属于伯克霍尔德菌属、7株属于假单胞菌属[31]。还有研究人员根据微生物的某一种或几种特定功能进行了筛选,如山东农业大学周波团队以20种盐碱地植物根际土壤作为材料,在进行微生物分离后针对能产生胞外多糖的耐盐碱微生物进行了筛选,得到了15株可产生胞外多糖的菌株,产量最高可达2 618 mg/L,该菌株还具有解磷解钾作用,经鉴定该菌株属于枯草芽孢杆菌沙漠亚种;该菌株还具有改善土壤环境的能力,在接种于盐碱土壤后,土壤中≥2 mmol/L粒径团聚体的比例显著提升;在中度盐碱土壤中使用该菌株的发酵液对番茄幼苗进行灌根,番茄的壮苗指数、干重、茎粗明显改善,根际土的pH、全盐量、土壤容重显著降低,土壤中的速效磷速效钾显著提升[32]。尽管PGPR的潜在应用价值极高,但在实际应用中亟待解决的问题也较为突出:首先市场上现有的菌株种类少、针对性强,缺少在不同植物间的普适性;其次多数微生物对极端环境的适应性较差,尤其新疆的土壤环境较为特殊,使得目前已有的PGPR接种剂达不到预期效果;另外大多数的PGPR筛选多停留在功能鉴定、促生效果研究层面,导致其促生机制仍不明确。因此,能够应用于极端环境的PGPR菌种资源扩充、定殖及其促生机制的研究成为当前急需解决的问题。本研究从新疆巴楚境内的盐碱地典型植物——柽柳根际筛选出了一株耐盐碱促生菌Bachu 26,经鉴定属于典型的中度嗜盐菌——盐单胞菌属,该菌株具有解磷、固氮、产ACC脱氨酶、IAA、挥发性酸性物质以及降盐降碱能力,能很好地适应盐碱环境,对拟南芥与玉米都有较好的促生作用。目前盐单胞菌被应用于多个领域,如废水污水的处理[33]、微生物染料电池[34]等,虽然已经证明有些基因与其耐盐碱性能相关(例如Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白基因[35]duf1duf2[36]等),但是作为PGPR方面的研究及应用鲜有报道。本研究开展了盐单胞菌属成员在盐碱地改良、植物促生方面的研究,为进一步将其研制成盐碱地专用微生物肥料提供了重要依据,同时也丰富了PGPR的菌种资源。为了加快盐单胞菌作为PGPR的应用进程,后续仍需要进一步开展以下研究内容:菌株的促生机制、菌株在不同植物根际的定殖情况、大田实验以及制剂研发等。
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划(2022B02019)
  • 南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划(2022DB026)
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230495
  • 接收时间:2023-07-25
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-02-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-25
  • 录用日期:2023-09-26
基金
Key Research and Development Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02019)
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划(2022B02019)
Innovative Development Support Program for Key Industries of South Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022DB026)
南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划(2022DB026)
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    1 河南农业大学生命科学学院, 河南 郑州 450046
    2 新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830091

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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