Article(id=1241053879249465979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241053870428844598, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230456, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1688572800000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1700582400000, acceptedDateStr=2023-11-22, onlineDate=1773819902479, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1706976000000, pubDateStr=2024-02-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773819902479, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773819902479, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773819902479, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241053870428844598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='2', pageStart='331', pageEnd='632', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773819900376, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773820055293, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241054520269140366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241053870428844598, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241054520269140367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241053870428844598, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=516, endPage=529, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241053881778631360, articleId=1241053879249465979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Probiotic mixture improves meat quality of white feather broilers, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To investigate the effect of supplementing a probiotic mixture (Bacillus licheniformis,B.subtilis, andClostridium butyricum) in drinking water on the meat quality of broilers and explore the underlying mechanism.[Methods] A total of 360 1-day-old white feather broilers were randomly selected and assigned to control (CON, normal drinking water), low-dose probiotic (LG, drinking water supplemented with 0.2% probiotic mixture), and high-dose probiotic (HG, drinking water supplemented with 0.4% probiotic mixture) groups. The experiment lasted for 42 days.[Results] Compared with the CON group, the LG and HG groups showed increased average body weight on days 7, 35, and 42. The HG groups increased average daily gain during days 21–28, 28–35, and 35–42, while the LG groups increased average daily gain during days 35–42. LG and HG significantly increased the chest muscle redness at the time points of 45 min, 24 h, and 48 h and the chest muscle yellowness at the time point of 24 h, decreased the brightness at 24 h and 48 h and the dripping and cooking loss at 48 h. The HG group had higher content of crude protein and crude fat in chest muscle than the CON group and no significant difference compared with the LG group. Both LG and HG groups reduced the ash content of chest muscle. The addition of the probiotic mixture significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), while the levels of total-superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) had an increasing trend. The expression levels ofCAT,SOD-1,Keap1, andNrf2 were significantly up-regulated, and the HG group had higher expression levels ofSOD-2 andHO-1 than the LG group. The concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid in cecum on days 21 and 42 significantly increased in LG and HG groups.[Conclusion] The probiotic mixture enhanced the growth performance and meat quality of broilers by increasing the levels of antioxidant activity and short-chain fatty acids, and the HG group outperformed the LG group.

, correspAuthors=Caimei YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*YANG Caimei, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xianci YAO, Leqi GUAN, Shuai SUN, Jinsong LIU, Xinfu ZENG, Yanping WU, Ruiqiang ZHANG, Yinglei XU, Caimei YANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241053885318624127, articleId=1241053879249465979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=复合益生菌对白羽肉鸡肌肉品质的影响及作用机理, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】探究饮水中添加复合益生菌制剂(地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和丁酸梭菌)对肉鸡肌肉品质的影响及作用机理。【方法】试验随机选取360只1日龄白羽肉仔鸡,随机分为3个处理组:对照组(CON),正常饮水;低剂量益生菌组(LG),饮水添加0.2%复合益生菌;高剂量益生菌组(HG),饮水添加0.4%复合益生菌,试验为期42 d。【结果】与CON组相比,LG组和HG组显著增加肉鸡7、35和42 d平均体重,显著提高HG组肉鸡21−28、28−35、35−42阶段的平均日增重(P < 0.05),LG组仅显著提高35−42阶段平均日增重;显著提高胸肌45 min、24 h、48 h红度和24 h黄度,降低24 h和48 h亮度及48 h滴水损失和蒸煮损失。HG组胸肌粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著高于CON组,而LG组差异不显著;两组均可降低胸肌灰分含量。添加复合益生菌可显著提高总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity, T-AOC),而总超氧化物歧化酶(total-superoxide dismutase, T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)含量有上升趋势;显著上调CATSOD-1Keap1Nrf2基因表达,且HG组SOD-2HO1显著高于LG组。LG组和HG组显著提升21 d和42 d盲肠乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和戊酸浓度。【结论】饮水添加复合型益生菌增强肉鸡生长性能、肌肉品质、抗氧化和短链脂肪酸含量,且HG组作用效果优于LG组。

, correspAuthors=杨彩梅, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=/c0vPakqTMCNZf35cd6EIA==, magXml=OArqH17RWiJ3zXFqVixEvQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=7s+nCgc/NNYoR0pY3y93Kw==, pdfFileSize=813870, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=jtRB6sou/deSU3XuybVOsg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=mugvEfbcVPCRkc211//hDQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=姚先赐, 管乐琪, 孙帅, 刘金松, 曾新福, 吴艳萍, 张瑞强, 许英蕾, 杨彩梅)}, authors=[Author(id=1241083590109360298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241083590218412208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, authorId=1241083590109360298, language=EN, stringName=Xianci YAO, firstName=Xianci, middleName=null, lastName=YAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241083590293909688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, authorId=1241083590109360298, language=CN, stringName=姚先赐, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院, 浙江 杭州 311300, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241083589752844425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589761233035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589752844425, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589769621644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589752844425, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院, 浙江 杭州 311300)])]), Author(id=1241083590377795775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241083590474264775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, authorId=1241083590377795775, language=EN, stringName=Leqi GUAN, firstName=Leqi, middleName=null, lastName=GUAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241083590562345166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, authorId=1241083590377795775, language=CN, stringName=管乐琪, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院, 浙江 杭州 311300, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241083589752844425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589761233035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589752844425, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589769621644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589752844425, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院, 浙江 杭州 311300)])]), Author(id=1241083590679785685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241083590780448990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, authorId=1241083590679785685, language=EN, stringName=Shuai SUN, firstName=Shuai, middleName=null, lastName=SUN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241083590906278115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, authorId=1241083590679785685, language=CN, stringName=孙帅, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院, 浙江 杭州 311300, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241083589752844425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589761233035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589752844425, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589769621644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589752844425, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院, 浙江 杭州 311300)])]), Author(id=1241083590985969895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241083591095021808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, authorId=1241083590985969895, language=EN, stringName=Jinsong LIU, firstName=Jinsong, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 Zhejiang Huijia Key Enterprise Research Institute of Green Animal Health Products, Anji 313300, Zhejiang, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241083591199879413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, authorId=1241083590985969895, language=CN, stringName=刘金松, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 浙江省惠嘉绿色动物保健品重点农业企业研究院, 浙江 安吉 313300, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241083589874479250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589933199512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589874479250, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Zhejiang Huijia Key Enterprise Research Institute of Green Animal Health Products, Anji 313300, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589954171034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589874479250, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 浙江省惠嘉绿色动物保健品重点农业企业研究院, 浙江 安吉 313300)])]), Author(id=1241083591321514239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241083591417983238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, authorId=1241083591321514239, language=EN, stringName=Xinfu ZENG, firstName=Xinfu, middleName=null, lastName=ZENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 Zhejiang Huijia Key Enterprise Research Institute of Green Animal Health Products, Anji 313300, Zhejiang, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241083591527035145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, authorId=1241083591321514239, language=CN, stringName=曾新福, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 浙江省惠嘉绿色动物保健品重点农业企业研究院, 浙江 安吉 313300, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241083589874479250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589933199512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589874479250, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Zhejiang Huijia Key Enterprise Research Institute of Green Animal Health Products, Anji 313300, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589954171034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589874479250, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 浙江省惠嘉绿色动物保健品重点农业企业研究院, 浙江 安吉 313300)])]), Author(id=1241083591719973137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241083591862579482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, authorId=1241083591719973137, language=EN, stringName=Yanping WU, firstName=Yanping, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241083591988408608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, authorId=1241083591719973137, language=CN, stringName=吴艳萍, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院, 浙江 杭州 311300, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241083589752844425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589761233035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589752844425, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589769621644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589752844425, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院, 浙江 杭州 311300)])]), Author(id=1241083592097460521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241083592206512431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, authorId=1241083592097460521, language=EN, stringName=Ruiqiang ZHANG, firstName=Ruiqiang, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241083592319758641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, authorId=1241083592097460521, language=CN, stringName=张瑞强, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院, 浙江 杭州 311300, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241083589752844425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589761233035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589752844425, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589769621644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589752844425, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院, 浙江 杭州 311300)])]), Author(id=1241083592403644726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241083592546251069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, authorId=1241083592403644726, language=EN, stringName=Yinglei XU, firstName=Yinglei, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241083594035228997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, authorId=1241083592403644726, language=CN, stringName=许英蕾, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院, 浙江 杭州 311300, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241083589752844425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589761233035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589752844425, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589769621644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589752844425, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院, 浙江 杭州 311300)])]), Author(id=1241083594135892302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, orderNo=8, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yangcaimei2012@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241083594219778390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, authorId=1241083594135892302, language=EN, stringName=Caimei YANG, firstName=Caimei, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1 College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241083594320441694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, authorId=1241083594135892302, language=CN, stringName=杨彩梅, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1 浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院, 浙江 杭州 311300, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241083589752844425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589761233035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589752844425, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589769621644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589752844425, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院, 浙江 杭州 311300)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1241083594509185385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=broilers), Keyword(id=1241083594614042989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=probiotic mixture), Keyword(id=1241083594765037942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=growth performance), Keyword(id=1241083594861506937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=meat quality), Keyword(id=1241083594957975932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=antioxidant activity), Keyword(id=1241083595067027842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=short-chain fatty acids), Keyword(id=1241083595150913929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=肉鸡), Keyword(id=1241083595238994318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=复合益生菌), Keyword(id=1241083595381600661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=生长性能), Keyword(id=1241083595473875352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=肉品质), Keyword(id=1241083595595510174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=抗氧化), Keyword(id=1241083595775865250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=短链脂肪酸)], refs=[Reference(id=1241083600108581432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=3, issue=null, pageStart=24, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=Frontiers in Marine Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SCOTT GI, PORTER DE, NORMAN RS, SCOTT CH, UYAGUARI-DIAZ MI, MARUYA KA, WEISBERG SB, FULTON MH, WIRTH EF, MOORE J, PENNINGTON PL, SCHLENK D, COBB GP, DENSLOW ND.Antibiotics as CECs: an overview of the hazards posed by antibiotics and antibiotic resistance[J].Frontiers in Marine Science,2016,3:24., articleTitle=Antibiotics as CECs: an overview of the hazards posed by antibiotics and antibiotic resistance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083600188273211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=36, issue=2, pageStart=141, pageEnd=143, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=成都大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈林, 王卫, 吉莉莉, 刘文龙, 张佳敏, 白婷.不同养殖模式下固始鸡肉及蛋中抗生素残留测定[J].成都大学学报(自然科学版),2017,36(2):141-143., articleTitle=不同养殖模式下固始鸡肉及蛋中抗生素残留测定, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083600293130817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=36, issue=2, pageStart=141, pageEnd=143, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=Journal of Chengdu University (Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN L, WANG W, JI LL, LIU WL, ZHANG JM, BAI T.Determination of antibiotics residues of Gushi chicken and their eggs under different breeding modes[J].Journal of Chengdu University (Natural Science Edition),2017,36(2):141-143 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Determination of antibiotics residues of Gushi chicken and their eggs under different breeding modes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083600402182724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.3329/aajbb.v1i3.64014, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=1, issue=3, pageStart=483, pageEnd=491, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=Asian-Australasian Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SARKER MSK, KIM GM, JANG DH, SHARMIN F, YANG CJ.Bamboo vinegar liquid probiotics for replacing antibiotic on the performance and meat quality of broiler chicken[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology,2016,1(3):483-491., articleTitle=Bamboo vinegar liquid probiotics for replacing antibiotic on the performance and meat quality of broiler chicken, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083600507040328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=22, pageStart=3085, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=Animals: an Open Access Journal from MDPI, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BAO CL, ZHANG WX, WANG J, LIU YJ, CAO H, LI FY, LIU SZ, SHANG ZD, CAO YH, DONG B.The effects of dietaryBacillus amyloliquefaciens TL106 supplementation, as an alternative to antibiotics, on growth performance, intestinal immunity, epithelial barrier integrity, and intestinal microbiota in broilers[J].Animals: an Open Access Journal from MDPI,2022,12(22):3085., articleTitle=The effects of dietaryBacillus amyloliquefaciens TL106 supplementation, as an alternative to antibiotics, on growth performance, intestinal immunity, epithelial barrier integrity, and intestinal microbiota in broilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083600637063758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115627, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=300, issue=null, pageStart=115627, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=Animal Feed Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YE Y, YU DN, LIU Q, MA SK, ZHANG MJ, ZHAO MJ, XU JK, YU JC.Nutritional composition of fresh carcass of turbot fed withBacillus subtilis SMF1,B.licheniformis LMF1 andB.siamensis DL3 and its relationship with intestinal flora[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2023,300:115627., articleTitle=Nutritional composition of fresh carcass of turbot fed withBacillus subtilis SMF1,B.licheniformis LMF1 andB.siamensis DL3 and its relationship with intestinal flora, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083600720949846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.5713/ajas.2012.12110, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=25, issue=9, pageStart=1285, pageEnd=1293, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALIAKBARPOUR HR, CHAMANI M, RAHIMI G, SADEGHI AA, QUJEQ D.TheBacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria probiotics influences intestinal mucin gene expression, histomorphology and growth performance in broilers[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2012,25(9):1285-1293., articleTitle=TheBacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria probiotics influences intestinal mucin gene expression, histomorphology and growth performance in broilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083600846778971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.3389/fvets.2023.1107798, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=1107798, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=Frontiers in Veterinary Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Z, LONG LB, JIN X, LI Y, WU Q, CHEN XY, GENG ZY, ZHANG C.Effects ofClostridium butyricum on growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal health of broilers[J].Frontiers in Veterinary Science,2023,10:1107798., articleTitle=Effects ofClostridium butyricum on growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal health of broilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083600930665057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.1080/1828051X.2016.1264261, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=16, issue=2, pageStart=292, pageEnd=300, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=Italian Journal of Animal Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG PW, YAN T, WANG XL, KUANG SC, XIAO YC, LU WW, BI DR.Probiotic mixture ameliorates heat stress of laying hens by enhancing intestinal barrier function and improving gut microbiota[J].Italian Journal of Animal Science,2017,16(2):292-300., articleTitle=Probiotic mixture ameliorates heat stress of laying hens by enhancing intestinal barrier function and improving gut microbiota, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083601039716965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.1515/biol-2021-0031, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=16, issue=1, pageStart=311, pageEnd=322, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=Open Life Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG LH, ZHANG RN, JIA H, ZHU ZW, LI HF, MA YY.Supplementation of probiotics in water beneficial growth performance, carcass traits, immune function, and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens[J].Open Life Sciences,2021,16(1):311-322., articleTitle=Supplementation of probiotics in water beneficial growth performance, carcass traits, immune function, and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083601140380263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.1016/j.psj.2021.101358, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=100, issue=9, pageStart=101358, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=Poultry Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU YL, YU Y, SHEN YY, LI Q, LAN JH, WU YP, ZHANG RQ, CAO GT, YANG CM.Effects ofBacillus subtilis andBacillus licheniformis on growth performance, immunity, short chain fatty acid production, antioxidant capacity, and cecal microflora in broilers[J].Poultry Science,2021,100(9):101358., articleTitle=Effects ofBacillus subtilis andBacillus licheniformis on growth performance, immunity, short chain fatty acid production, antioxidant capacity, and cecal microflora in broilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083601236849262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=10, issue=12, pageStart=7844, pageEnd=7854, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=Food & Function, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG KL, CAO GT, ZHANG HR, LI Q, YANG CM.Effects ofClostridium butyricum andEnterococcus faecalis on growth performance, immune function, intestinal morphology, volatile fatty acids, and intestinal flora in a piglet model[J].Food & Function,2019,10(12):7844-7854., articleTitle=Effects ofClostridium butyricum andEnterococcus faecalis on growth performance, immune function, intestinal morphology, volatile fatty acids, and intestinal flora in a piglet model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083601312346738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=13, pageStart=1609, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=Animals: an Open Access Journal from MDPI, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU XR, CUI ZC, QIN SK, ZHANG RQ, WU YP, LIU JS, YANG CM.Effects ofBacillus licheniformis on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and fecal microflora in weaned piglets[J].Animals: an Open Access Journal from MDPI,2022,12(13):1609., articleTitle=Effects ofBacillus licheniformis on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and fecal microflora in weaned piglets, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083601392038515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=62, issue=4, pageStart=1464, pageEnd=1472, url=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/article/abstract/20220422?st=search, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=微生物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=申文雪, 刘金松, 范小燕, 许英蕾, 吴艳萍, 张瑞强.丁酸梭菌替代金霉素对肉鸡腿肌肉品质和抗氧化功能的影响[J].微生物学报,2022,62(4):1464-1472., articleTitle=丁酸梭菌替代金霉素对肉鸡腿肌肉品质和抗氧化功能的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083601480118901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=62, issue=4, pageStart=1464, pageEnd=1472, url=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/article/abstract/20220422?st=search, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHEN WX, LIU JS, FAN XY, XU YL, WU YP, ZHANG RQ.Effect ofClostridium butyricum as a replacement of chlortetracycline on quality and antioxidation of broiler leg muscle[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2022,62(4):1464-1472 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Effect ofClostridium butyricum as a replacement of chlortetracycline on quality and antioxidation of broiler leg muscle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083601572393594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.1080/09712119.2021.1979559, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=49, issue=1, pageStart=357, pageEnd=365, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=Journal of Applied Animal Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BANASZAK M, BIESEK J, KUŹNIACKA J, GRABOWICZ M, ADAMSKI M.Slaughter yield, quality of meat from broiler chickens of different origin and age on diet with extruded or meal soybean[J].Journal of Applied Animal Research,2021,49(1):357-365., articleTitle=Slaughter yield, quality of meat from broiler chickens of different origin and age on diet with extruded or meal soybean, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083603073954428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国标准出版社. GB 5009.3—2016食品安全国家标准食品中水分的测定. 北京: 中国标准出版, 2019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083603203977856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Standards Press of China. GB 5009.3—2016 National food safety standard determination of moisture in foods. Beijing: China Standards Publishing, 2017 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083603317224067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国标准出版社. GB 5009.4—2016食品安全国家标准食品中灰分的测定. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083603417887367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Standards Press of China. GB 5009.4—2016 National food safety standard determination of ash in foods. Beijing: China Standards Publishing, 2017 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083603526939274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国标准出版社. GB 5009.5—2016食品安全国家标准食品中蛋白质的测定. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083603594048139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Standards Press of China. GB 5009.5—2016 National food safety standard determination of protein in foods. Beijing: China Standards Publishing, 2017 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083603652768399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国标准出版社. GB 5009.6—2016食品安全国家标准食品中脂肪的测定. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083604017672851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Standards Press of China. GB 5009.6—2016 National food safety standard determination of fat in foods. Beijing: China Standards Publishing, 2017 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083604114141846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=汤佳宁. 单月桂酸甘油酯对肉鸡生长、免疫和肠道功能的影响[J]. 杭州: 浙江农林大学硕士学位论文, 2021., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083604177056410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG JN. Effects of glycerol monolaurate on growth performance, immune and intestinal function of broilers[J]. Hangzhou: Master's Thesis of Zhejiang A&F University, 2021 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083604252553885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=12, issue=3, pageStart=433, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG TT, DU MS, ZHANG J, AHMAD B, CHENG Q, WANG XB, ABBAS Z, TONG YC, LI JZ, ZHOU YC, ZHANG RJ, SI DY.Effects ofClostridium butyricum as an antibiotic alternative on growth performance, intestinal morphology, serum biochemical response, and immunity of broilers[J].Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland),2023,12(3):433., articleTitle=Effects ofClostridium butyricum as an antibiotic alternative on growth performance, intestinal morphology, serum biochemical response, and immunity of broilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083604369994398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.1016/j.psj.2022.102473, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=102, issue=4, pageStart=102473, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=Poultry Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OLADOKUN S, ADEWOLE D.The effect ofBacillus subtilis and its delivery route on hatch and growth performance, blood biochemistry, immune status, gut morphology, and microbiota of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2023,102(4):102473., articleTitle=The effect ofBacillus subtilis and its delivery route on hatch and growth performance, blood biochemistry, immune status, gut morphology, and microbiota of broiler chickens, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083604453880480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.3390/foods12020288, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=12, issue=2, pageStart=288, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=Foods, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU XF, MA AJ, ZHI TX, HONG D, CHEN Z, LI ST, JIA YM.Dietary effect ofBrevibacillus laterosporus S62-9 on chicken meat quality, amino acid profile, and volatile compounds[J].Foods,2023,12(2):288., articleTitle=Dietary effect ofBrevibacillus laterosporus S62-9 on chicken meat quality, amino acid profile, and volatile compounds, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083604546155171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.3390/ani12223219, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=22, pageStart=3219, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=Animals, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN HX, GU TT, LI GQ, CHEN L, TIAN Y, XU WW, ZENG T, LU LZ.Effects of compound probiotics on growth performance, serum biochemical and immune indices, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal tissue morphology of Shaoxing duck[J].Animals,2022,12(22):3219., articleTitle=Effects of compound probiotics on growth performance, serum biochemical and immune indices, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal tissue morphology of Shaoxing duck, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083604655207077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=47, issue=19, pageStart=179, pageEnd=182, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=江苏农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱梦婷, 王晓路, 王永健, 赵宗胜.不同饲养方式对黄羽肉鸡肉品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2019,47(19):179-182., articleTitle=不同饲养方式对黄羽肉鸡肉品质的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083604734898858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=47, issue=19, pageStart=179, pageEnd=182, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU MT, WANG XL, WANG YJ, ZHAO ZS.Effects of different feeding methods on meat quality of yellow feather broilers[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2019,47(19):179-182 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Effects of different feeding methods on meat quality of yellow feather broilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083604818784941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.1016/j.psj.2019.09.009, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=99, issue=2, pageStart=1225, pageEnd=1231, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=Poultry Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEN YY, LIU HH, LIU K, CAO HY, MAO HG, DONG XY, YIN ZZ.Analysis of the physical meat quality in partridge (Alectoris chukar) and its relationship with intramuscular fat[J].Poultry Science,2020,99(2):1225-1231., articleTitle=Analysis of the physical meat quality in partridge (Alectoris chukar) and its relationship with intramuscular fat, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083604898476717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=43, issue=9, pageStart=36, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=饲料研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王蕾, 孙娅静.枯草芽孢杆菌对AA肉仔鸡血清抗氧化功能和肉品质的影响[J].饲料研究,2020,43(9):36-39., articleTitle=枯草芽孢杆菌对AA肉仔鸡血清抗氧化功能和肉品质的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083605024305841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=43, issue=9, pageStart=36, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=Feed Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG L, SUN YJ.Effect ofBacillus subtilis on serum antioxidant function and meat quality of AA broilers[J].Feed Research,2020,43(9):36-39 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Effect ofBacillus subtilis on serum antioxidant function and meat quality of AA broilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083605112386226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.073, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=100, issue=3, pageStart=100906, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=Poultry Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MOHAMMED AA, ZAKI RS, NEGM EA, MAHMOUD MA, CHENG HW.Effects of dietary supplementation of a probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) on bone mass and meat quality of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2021,100(3):100906., articleTitle=Effects of dietary supplementation of a probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) on bone mass and meat quality of broiler chickens, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083605229826739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.3382/ps.2013-03314, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=93, issue=2, pageStart=364, pageEnd=370, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=Poultry Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG ZF, KIM IH.Effects of multistrain probiotics on growth performance, apparent ileal nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, cecal microbial shedding, and excreta odor contents in broilers[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(2):364-370., articleTitle=Effects of multistrain probiotics on growth performance, apparent ileal nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, cecal microbial shedding, and excreta odor contents in broilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083605313712823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.1016/j.psj.2022.102091, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=101, issue=11, pageStart=102091, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=Poultry Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAI HM, LUO SJ, ZHOU QF, YAN ZQ, LIU QH, KANG Z, LIAO SQ, LI J, LV M, LIN XH, HU JJ, YU SL, ZHANG, JF, QI NS, SUN MF.Effects ofBacillus subtilis and coccidiosis vaccine on growth indices and intestinal microbiota of broilers[J].Poultry Science,2022,101(11):102091., articleTitle=Effects ofBacillus subtilis and coccidiosis vaccine on growth indices and intestinal microbiota of broilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083605418570426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.1007/s11250-022-03402-5, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=54, issue=6, pageStart=399, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=Tropical Animal Health and Production, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AHIWE EU, EJIOFOR I, OLADIPUPO OA, OGBUEWU IP, ALADI NO, OBIKAONU HO, EMENALOM OO.Effect of composite enzyme supplementation on production parameters, intestinal segment measurements, and apparent nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed low energy and protein diets[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2022,54(6):399., articleTitle=Effect of composite enzyme supplementation on production parameters, intestinal segment measurements, and apparent nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed low energy and protein diets, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083605615702717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.1080/09712119.2020.1754218, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=48, issue=1, pageStart=166, pageEnd=175, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=Journal of Applied Animal Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZAGHARI M, SARANI P, HAJATI H.Comparison of two probiotic preparations on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, nutrient digestibility and cytokine gene expression in broiler chickens[J].Journal of Applied Animal Research,2020,48(1):166-175., articleTitle=Comparison of two probiotic preparations on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, nutrient digestibility and cytokine gene expression in broiler chickens, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083605707977409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114476, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=264, issue=null, pageStart=114476, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=Animal Feed Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG WW, WANG J, ZHANG HJ, WU SG, QI GH.Effects ofClostridium butyricum on production performance and intestinal absorption function of laying hens in the late phase of production[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2020,264:114476., articleTitle=Effects ofClostridium butyricum on production performance and intestinal absorption function of laying hens in the late phase of production, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083605783474884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=127, issue=null, pageStart=804, pageEnd=812, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=Fish & Shellfish Immunology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAO JJ, WANG SL, QIU HJ, XIE RT, ZHANG HT, CHEN NS, LI SL.Modulation of growth performance, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity and disease resistance in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) upon compound probiotic cultures inclusion[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2022,127:804-812., articleTitle=Modulation of growth performance, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity and disease resistance in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) upon compound probiotic cultures inclusion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083605858972356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.3382/ps/pey407, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=98, issue=10, pageStart=4240, pageEnd=4246, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=Poultry Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHARLOTTE L.From oxidative stress to inflammation: redox balance and immune system[J].Poultry Science,2019,98(10):4240-4246., articleTitle=From oxidative stress to inflammation: redox balance and immune system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083605917692615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.3390/nu9050521, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=9, issue=5, pageStart=521, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=Nutrients, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y, WU YP, WANG YY, XU H, MEI XQ, YU DY, WANG YB, LI WF.Antioxidant properties of probiotic bacteria[J].Nutrients,2017,9(5):521., articleTitle=Antioxidant properties of probiotic bacteria, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083605993190092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.3390/vaccines10010097, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=1, pageStart=97, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=Vaccines, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MOHSIN M, ZHANG ZP, YIN GW.Effect of probiotics on the performance and intestinal health of broiler chickens infected withEimeria tenella[J].Vaccines,2022,10(1):97., articleTitle=Effect of probiotics on the performance and intestinal health of broiler chickens infected withEimeria tenella, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083606081270480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.3390/biology11050633, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=11, issue=5, pageStart=633, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIU K, WANG XC, ZHANG HJ, WANG J, QI GH, WU SG.Dietary supplementation of a new probiotic compound improves the growth performance and health of broilers by altering the composition of cecal microflora[J].Biology,2022,11(5):633., articleTitle=Dietary supplementation of a new probiotic compound improves the growth performance and health of broilers by altering the composition of cecal microflora, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083607578637009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.1007/s12602-019-09597-8, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=12, issue=3, pageStart=883, pageEnd=895, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Y, ZENG D, WANG HS, QING XD, SUN N, XIN JG, LUO M, KHALIQUE A, PAN KC, SHU G, JING B, NI XQ.Dietary probioticBacillus licheniformis H2 enhanced growth performance, morphology of small intestine and liver, and antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens againstClostridium perfringens-induced subclinical necrotic enteritis[J].Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins,2020,12(3):883-895., articleTitle=Dietary probioticBacillus licheniformis H2 enhanced growth performance, morphology of small intestine and liver, and antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens againstClostridium perfringens-induced subclinical necrotic enteritis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083607675106005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=37, issue=8, pageStart=1540, pageEnd=1544, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=中国兽医学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=田浪, 何彦侠, 侯月娥, 郭吉余, 钱雪桥, 王林川.复合益生菌制剂对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化指标及免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2017,37(8):1540-1544, 1582., articleTitle=复合益生菌制剂对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化指标及免疫功能的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083607750603480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=37, issue=8, pageStart=1540, pageEnd=1544, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TIAN L, HE YX, HOU YE, GUO JY, QIAN XQ, WANG LC.Effects of dietary mixed probiotics on the growth performance, antioxidant activity and immune function in yellow-feathered broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2017,37(8):1540-1544, 1582 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Effects of dietary mixed probiotics on the growth performance, antioxidant activity and immune function in yellow-feathered broilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083607826100954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=50, issue=9, pageStart=1714, pageEnd=1721, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=畜牧兽医学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=裴若男, 杨帆, 廖建昭, 马飞洋, 马欣艳, 林毓茵, 姚启发, 唐兆新, 梁昭平.高铜日粮对肉鸡肾氧化损伤和Nrf2信号通路相关基因表达的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2019,50(9):1714-1721., articleTitle=高铜日粮对肉鸡肾氧化损伤和Nrf2信号通路相关基因表达的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083607889015516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=50, issue=9, pageStart=1714, pageEnd=1721, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PEI RN, YANG F, LIAO JZ, MA FY, MA XY, LIN YY, YAO QF, TANG ZX, LIANG ZP.The effect of high dietary copper on oxidative damage and expression of Nrf2 signaling pathway related genes in the kidneys of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2019,50(9):1714-1721 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=The effect of high dietary copper on oxidative damage and expression of Nrf2 signaling pathway related genes in the kidneys of broilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083607977095903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.1111/asj.13089, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=89, issue=11, pageStart=1561, pageEnd=1571, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=Animal Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GONG L, WANG BK, MEI XQ, XU H, QIN Y, LI WF, ZHOU YS.Effects of three probioticBacillus on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidative capacity, serum immunity, and biochemical parameters in broilers[J].Animal Science Journal,2018,89(11):1561-1571., articleTitle=Effects of three probioticBacillus on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidative capacity, serum immunity, and biochemical parameters in broilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083608060981984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.1016/j.animal.2022.100584, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=16, issue=7, pageStart=100584, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=Animal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TRETOLA M, FERRARI L, LUCIANO A, MAZZOLENI S, ROVERE N, FUMAGALLI F, OTTOBONI M, PINOTTI L.Sugaryvs. salty food industry leftovers in postweaning piglets: effects on gut microbiota and intestinal volatile fatty acid production[J].Animal,2022,16(7):100584., articleTitle=Sugaryvs. salty food industry leftovers in postweaning piglets: effects on gut microbiota and intestinal volatile fatty acid production, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083608165839586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.1016/j.aqrep.2017.12.003, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=53, pageEnd=61, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=Aquaculture Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ASADUZZAMA M, IEHATA S, AKTER S, KADER MA, GHOSH SK, KHAN MNA, ABOL-MUNAFI AB.Effects of host gut-derived probiotic bacteria on gut morphology, microbiota composition and volatile short chain fatty acids production of Malaysian MahseerTor tambroides[J].Aquaculture Reports,2018,9:53-61., articleTitle=Effects of host gut-derived probiotic bacteria on gut morphology, microbiota composition and volatile short chain fatty acids production of Malaysian MahseerTor tambroides, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083608258114276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102537, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=53, issue=null, pageStart=102537, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=Food Bioscience, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y, QU SJ, CHEN MH, CUI Y, SHI CS, PU XL, GAO WH, LI QH, HAN JH, ZHANG AX.Effects of buckwheat milk co-fermented with two probiotics and two commercial yoghurt strains on gut microbiota and production of short-chain fatty acids[J].Food Bioscience,2023,53:102537., articleTitle=Effects of buckwheat milk co-fermented with two probiotics and two commercial yoghurt strains on gut microbiota and production of short-chain fatty acids, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083608342000357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.063, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=100, issue=3, pageStart=100809, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=Poultry Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OLADOKUN S, KOEHLER A, MACISAAC J, IBEAGHA-AWEMU EM, ADEWOLE DI.Bacillus subtilis delivery route: effect on growth performance, intestinal morphology, cecal short-chain fatty acid concentration, and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2021,100(3):100809., articleTitle=Bacillus subtilis delivery route: effect on growth performance, intestinal morphology, cecal short-chain fatty acid concentration, and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241083608446857959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=65, issue=null, pageStart=25, pageEnd=33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=Fish & Shellfish Immunology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DUAN YF, ZHANG Y, DONG HB, WANG Y, ZHENG XT, ZAHNG JS.Effect of dietaryClostridium butyricum on growth, intestine health status and resistance to ammonia stress in Pacific white shrimpLitopenaeus vannamei[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2017,65:25-33., articleTitle=Effect of dietaryClostridium butyricum on growth, intestine health status and resistance to ammonia stress in Pacific white shrimpLitopenaeus vannamei, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241083599332635153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, awardId=2022C02043, language=EN, fundingSource=Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province "Pioneer" and "Leading Goose"(2022C02043), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241083599420715543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, awardId=2022C02043, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省“尖兵” “领雁”研发攻关计划(2022C02043), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241083599517184539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, awardId=2021Y30004, language=EN, fundingSource=Zhejiang Provincial Key Agricultural Research Institute of Green Animal Health Products Project(2021Y30004), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241083599609459233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, awardId=2021Y30004, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省重点农业企业研究院绿色动物保健品项目(2021Y30004), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241083599693345317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, awardId=202210341013, language=EN, fundingSource=Zhejiang A&F University National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition Training Program(202210341013), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241083599848534570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, awardId=202210341013, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江农林大学国家级创新创业大赛训练计划(202210341013), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241083589752844425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589761233035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589752844425, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589769621644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589752844425, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院, 浙江 杭州 311300)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241083589874479250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589933199512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589874479250, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Zhejiang Huijia Key Enterprise Research Institute of Green Animal Health Products, Anji 313300, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241083589954171034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, companyId=1241083589874479250, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 浙江省惠嘉绿色动物保健品重点农业企业研究院, 浙江 安吉 313300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241083595989774765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Effects of complex probiotics on growth performance of broilers. CON: The control broilers. LG: Add a low dose of the probiotic mixture in drinking water. HG: Add a high dose of the probiotic mixture to drinking water. A: Average weight per broiler. B: Average daily gain of broilers. The same below. *:P < 0.05. Error bar: Represent standard error, with data from eight data duplications., figureFileSmall=a13GySWlw8BvAKAvEJoS/g==, figureFileBig=UNH9pPDXQeUdzXZYmHQTgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241083596103020981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=CN, label=图1, caption=复合益生菌制剂对肉鸡生长性能影响, figureFileSmall=a13GySWlw8BvAKAvEJoS/g==, figureFileBig=UNH9pPDXQeUdzXZYmHQTgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241083596220461499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Effects of complex probiotics on the antioxidant capacity of thoracic muscle. *:P < 0.05. Error bar: Represent standard error, with data from eight data duplications., figureFileSmall=966dX8zDR63O5vE1E45CAw==, figureFileBig=NyDsYhyc65AOhN2Pn4efpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241083596333707713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=CN, label=图2, caption=复合益生菌制剂对胸肌抗氧化能力的影响, figureFileSmall=966dX8zDR63O5vE1E45CAw==, figureFileBig=NyDsYhyc65AOhN2Pn4efpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241083596514062794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Effects of complex probiotics on the expression levels of antioxidant genes in thoracic muscle. *:P < 0.05. Error bar: Represent standard error, with data from eight data duplications., figureFileSmall=p5SzlqFzoJ2iNKcS3cHLsA==, figureFileBig=S457c4RoVvJwJkCerBMbOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241083596581171663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=CN, label=图3, caption=复合益生菌制剂对胸肌抗氧化基因表达的影响, figureFileSmall=p5SzlqFzoJ2iNKcS3cHLsA==, figureFileBig=S457c4RoVvJwJkCerBMbOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241083596669252047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Effects of complex probiotics on short chain fatty acids in cecum. A: Acetic acid. B: Propionic acid. C: Butyric acid. D: Isobutyric acid. E: Valeric acid. F: Isovaleric acid. *:P < 0.05. Error bar: Represent standard error, with data from eight data duplications., figureFileSmall=R6d5WO/zZsuZX7VgaPThCg==, figureFileBig=bxWa+NvyhFC3jqbg/03chA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241083596895744469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=CN, label=图4, caption=复合益生菌对盲肠短链脂肪酸的影响, figureFileSmall=R6d5WO/zZsuZX7VgaPThCg==, figureFileBig=bxWa+NvyhFC3jqbg/03chA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241083597008990683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basal diet composition and nutrient levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Items0 to 21 days of age21 to 42 days of age
1: The following items are provided in per kilogram of diet VA 10 000.0 IU, VE 30 IU, VK3 1.3 mg, VD3 3 000.0 IU VB1 2.2 mg, VB2 8.0 mg, VB5 40.0 mg, VB6 4.0 mg, VB12 13.0 μg, biotin 0.04 mg, choline chloride 400 mg, folic acid 40.0 mg, nicotinic acid 40.0 mg, d-pantothenate calcium 10.0 mg, I 1.0 mg, Mn 110.0 mg, Fe 80.0 mg, Cu 7.5 mg, Se 0.3 mg, Zn 65.0 mg;2: Metabolizable energy is calculated value, while the others are measured values.
Ingredients
  Extruded-soybean4.503.50
  Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)8.507.50
  Soybean meal1.704.60
  Corn bran2.00
  Rice bran6.00
  Soyabean meal (CP 43%)25.0017.00
  Corn52.5054.00
  Fermented soybean meal2.40
  Limestone1.401.40
  Premix14.004.00
  Total100.00100.00
Nutrient levels2
Ether extract (%)5.508.60
Crude protein (%)22.0219.11
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg)12.2312.91
Met+Cys (%)0.880.74
Met (%)0.540.45
Trp (%)0.230.20
Lys (%)1.180.97
Thr (%)0.860.71
Ca (%)0.820.73
TP (%)0.650.57
), ArticleFig(id=1241083597101265378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

基础日粮组成和营养水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Items0 to 21 days of age21 to 42 days of age
1: The following items are provided in per kilogram of diet VA 10 000.0 IU, VE 30 IU, VK3 1.3 mg, VD3 3 000.0 IU VB1 2.2 mg, VB2 8.0 mg, VB5 40.0 mg, VB6 4.0 mg, VB12 13.0 μg, biotin 0.04 mg, choline chloride 400 mg, folic acid 40.0 mg, nicotinic acid 40.0 mg, d-pantothenate calcium 10.0 mg, I 1.0 mg, Mn 110.0 mg, Fe 80.0 mg, Cu 7.5 mg, Se 0.3 mg, Zn 65.0 mg;2: Metabolizable energy is calculated value, while the others are measured values.
Ingredients
  Extruded-soybean4.503.50
  Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)8.507.50
  Soybean meal1.704.60
  Corn bran2.00
  Rice bran6.00
  Soyabean meal (CP 43%)25.0017.00
  Corn52.5054.00
  Fermented soybean meal2.40
  Limestone1.401.40
  Premix14.004.00
  Total100.00100.00
Nutrient levels2
Ether extract (%)5.508.60
Crude protein (%)22.0219.11
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg)12.2312.91
Met+Cys (%)0.880.74
Met (%)0.540.45
Trp (%)0.230.20
Lys (%)1.180.97
Thr (%)0.860.71
Ca (%)0.820.73
TP (%)0.650.57
), ArticleFig(id=1241083598586048997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Primers sequence of target genes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Target genesAccession No.Forward primers (5′→3′)Reverse primers (5′→3′)
HO-1NM_205344GGTCCCGAATGAATGCCCTTGACCGTTCTCCTGGCTCTTGG
CATNM_001031215.1CGTTGGCGGTAGGAGTCCCAGTGGTCAAGGCATCT
SOD-1NM_205064.1TTGTCTGATGGAGATCATGGCTTGCATGTTCCCATACATCGATTCC
Nrf2NM_205117.1GATGTCACCCTGCCCTTAGCTGCCACCATGTTATTCC
GPx-1NM_001277853.1CGCTACAGCCGCCACTTTTCGGAGAATCCCACAACG
SOD-2NM_204211.1CAGATAGCAGCCTGTGCAAATCAGGCAGTGGGACAGGTTGAAG
Keap1KU321503.1GTACCAGATCGACAGCGTGG CTGCTTGCCTTCAGGATTAAAGTGAG
), ArticleFig(id=1241083598720266735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

目的基因引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Target genesAccession No.Forward primers (5′→3′)Reverse primers (5′→3′)
HO-1NM_205344GGTCCCGAATGAATGCCCTTGACCGTTCTCCTGGCTCTTGG
CATNM_001031215.1CGTTGGCGGTAGGAGTCCCAGTGGTCAAGGCATCT
SOD-1NM_205064.1TTGTCTGATGGAGATCATGGCTTGCATGTTCCCATACATCGATTCC
Nrf2NM_205117.1GATGTCACCCTGCCCTTAGCTGCCACCATGTTATTCC
GPx-1NM_001277853.1CGCTACAGCCGCCACTTTTCGGAGAATCCCACAACG
SOD-2NM_204211.1CAGATAGCAGCCTGTGCAAATCAGGCAGTGGGACAGGTTGAAG
Keap1KU321503.1GTACCAGATCGACAGCGTGG CTGCTTGCCTTCAGGATTAAAGTGAG
), ArticleFig(id=1241083598833512950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of complex probiotics on muscle quality of pectoral muscle

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemsCONLGHGSEMP-value
The shoulder tags of peers without the same letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). L*: Brightness; a*: Redness; b*: Yellowness.
45 minpH5.335.365.370.030.874
L*30.2228.5328.700.920.724
a*23.42b28.64a29.28a1.040.034
b*26.7629.7130.180.820.185
24 hpH4.76b4.88a4.90a0.020.012
L*38.06a28.04b28.74b1.23< 0.001
a*22.76b27.99a28.91a0.940.010
b*23.70b28.53a30.54a1.040.016
48 hpH4.72b4.81a4.83a0.020.039
L*36.13a30.48b27.43b1.170.005
a*21.02b28.28a30.37a1.190.001
b*29.2029.6229.580.950.981
24 h drip loss (%)3.18a2.46b2.68ab0.120.029
48 h drip loss (%)5.41a4.51b4.38b0.180.033
Cooking loss (%)29.72b32.66a29.90b0.430.004
), ArticleFig(id=1241083598946759165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

复合益生菌制剂对胸肌肌肉品质的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemsCONLGHGSEMP-value
The shoulder tags of peers without the same letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). L*: Brightness; a*: Redness; b*: Yellowness.
45 minpH5.335.365.370.030.874
L*30.2228.5328.700.920.724
a*23.42b28.64a29.28a1.040.034
b*26.7629.7130.180.820.185
24 hpH4.76b4.88a4.90a0.020.012
L*38.06a28.04b28.74b1.23< 0.001
a*22.76b27.99a28.91a0.940.010
b*23.70b28.53a30.54a1.040.016
48 hpH4.72b4.81a4.83a0.020.039
L*36.13a30.48b27.43b1.170.005
a*21.02b28.28a30.37a1.190.001
b*29.2029.6229.580.950.981
24 h drip loss (%)3.18a2.46b2.68ab0.120.029
48 h drip loss (%)5.41a4.51b4.38b0.180.033
Cooking loss (%)29.72b32.66a29.90b0.430.004
), ArticleFig(id=1241083599013868034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of complex probiotics on conventional components of thoracic muscle

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupsCON (%)LG (%)HG (%)SEMP-value
The shoulder tags of peers without the same letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
Crude protein90.90b91.80b96.40a0.0080.009
Ether extract3.50b3.70b4.30a0.0020.048
Moisture7.39a7.58a7.39a0.0090.079
Ash9.16b6.19a5.50a0.0060.045
), ArticleFig(id=1241083599110337030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053879249465979, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

复合益生菌制剂对胸肌常规化学成分的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupsCON (%)LG (%)HG (%)SEMP-value
The shoulder tags of peers without the same letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
Crude protein90.90b91.80b96.40a0.0080.009
Ether extract3.50b3.70b4.30a0.0020.048
Moisture7.39a7.58a7.39a0.0090.079
Ash9.16b6.19a5.50a0.0060.045
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1192105720683257860, delFlag=0, nameCn=微生物学报, nameEn=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0001-6209, eissn=null, cn=11-1995/Q, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=tNA7JigLZj/rxynSmzKgDQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1762149752067, updatedTime=1762150746905, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=tNA7JigLZj/rxynSmzKgDQ==, picEn=R/d5eSUu8/o5mAGWCF3M5Q==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1192109893441171829, language=CN, name=微生物学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1762150746928, updatedTime=1762150746928, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/author/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/editor/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/reviewer/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1192109893512474998, language=EN, name=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1762150746944, updatedTime=1762150746944, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/author/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/editor/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/reviewer/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1192105938417971205, websiteList=[Website(id=1192106105867223981, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1192105938417971205, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1762149843899, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1762149888800, updateBy=18614031015, name=微生物学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=微生物学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1192107120863626198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1762150085893, updateTime=1762150085893, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120834266067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1762150085886, updateTime=1762150085886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120892986329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1762150085900, updateTime=1762150085900, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120825877458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=FOz4Ks7dC79FYnCEBIlMdw==, createTime=1762150085884, updateTime=1762150085884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120905569243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1762150085903, updateTime=1762150085903, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120846848981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1762150085889, updateTime=1762150085889, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120897180634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1762150085901, updateTime=1762150085901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120842654676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1762150085888, updateTime=1762150085888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120872014807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1762150085895, updateTime=1762150085895, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120880403416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1762150085897, updateTime=1762150085897, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1192106106018218929, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1192105938417971205, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1762149843935, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1762149925242, updateBy=18614031015, name=微生物学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1192107140455220192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1762150090564, updateTime=1762150090564, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140434248669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1762150090559, updateTime=1762150090559, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140476191715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1762150090569, updateTime=1762150090569, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140425860060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=FOz4Ks7dC79FYnCEBIlMdw==, createTime=1762150090557, updateTime=1762150090557, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140484580325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1762150090571, updateTime=1762150090571, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140451025887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1762150090563, updateTime=1762150090563, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140480386020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1762150090570, updateTime=1762150090570, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140442637278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1762150090561, updateTime=1762150090561, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140463608801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1762150090566, updateTime=1762150090566, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140467803106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1762150090567, updateTime=1762150090567, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=微生物学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=tNA7JigLZj/rxynSmzKgDQ==, journalPhotoEn=R/d5eSUu8/o5mAGWCF3M5Q==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230456, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/EN/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230456, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/PDF/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230456, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/EN/PDF/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230456, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
复合益生菌对白羽肉鸡肌肉品质的影响及作用机理
收藏切换
PDF下载
姚先赐 1 , 管乐琪 1 , 孙帅 1 , 刘金松 2 , 曾新福 2 , 吴艳萍 1 , 张瑞强 1 , 许英蕾 1 , 杨彩梅 1, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(2): 516-529
收起
收藏切换
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(2): 516-529
复合益生菌对白羽肉鸡肌肉品质的影响及作用机理
全屏
姚先赐1, 管乐琪1, 孙帅1, 刘金松2, 曾新福2, 吴艳萍1, 张瑞强1, 许英蕾1, 杨彩梅1, *
作者信息
  • 1 浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院, 浙江 杭州 311300
  • 2 浙江省惠嘉绿色动物保健品重点农业企业研究院, 浙江 安吉 313300
Probiotic mixture improves meat quality of white feather broilers
Xianci YAO1, Leqi GUAN1, Shuai SUN1, Jinsong LIU2, Xinfu ZENG2, Yanping WU1, Ruiqiang ZHANG1, Yinglei XU1, Caimei YANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
  • 2 Zhejiang Huijia Key Enterprise Research Institute of Green Animal Health Products, Anji 313300, Zhejiang, China
出版时间: 2024-02-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230456
文章导航
收藏切换

【目的】探究饮水中添加复合益生菌制剂(地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和丁酸梭菌)对肉鸡肌肉品质的影响及作用机理。【方法】试验随机选取360只1日龄白羽肉仔鸡,随机分为3个处理组:对照组(CON),正常饮水;低剂量益生菌组(LG),饮水添加0.2%复合益生菌;高剂量益生菌组(HG),饮水添加0.4%复合益生菌,试验为期42 d。【结果】与CON组相比,LG组和HG组显著增加肉鸡7、35和42 d平均体重,显著提高HG组肉鸡21−28、28−35、35−42阶段的平均日增重(P < 0.05),LG组仅显著提高35−42阶段平均日增重;显著提高胸肌45 min、24 h、48 h红度和24 h黄度,降低24 h和48 h亮度及48 h滴水损失和蒸煮损失。HG组胸肌粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著高于CON组,而LG组差异不显著;两组均可降低胸肌灰分含量。添加复合益生菌可显著提高总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity, T-AOC),而总超氧化物歧化酶(total-superoxide dismutase, T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)含量有上升趋势;显著上调CATSOD-1Keap1Nrf2基因表达,且HG组SOD-2HO1显著高于LG组。LG组和HG组显著提升21 d和42 d盲肠乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和戊酸浓度。【结论】饮水添加复合型益生菌增强肉鸡生长性能、肌肉品质、抗氧化和短链脂肪酸含量,且HG组作用效果优于LG组。

肉鸡  /  复合益生菌  /  生长性能  /  肉品质  /  抗氧化  /  短链脂肪酸

[Objective] To investigate the effect of supplementing a probiotic mixture (Bacillus licheniformis,B.subtilis, andClostridium butyricum) in drinking water on the meat quality of broilers and explore the underlying mechanism.[Methods] A total of 360 1-day-old white feather broilers were randomly selected and assigned to control (CON, normal drinking water), low-dose probiotic (LG, drinking water supplemented with 0.2% probiotic mixture), and high-dose probiotic (HG, drinking water supplemented with 0.4% probiotic mixture) groups. The experiment lasted for 42 days.[Results] Compared with the CON group, the LG and HG groups showed increased average body weight on days 7, 35, and 42. The HG groups increased average daily gain during days 21–28, 28–35, and 35–42, while the LG groups increased average daily gain during days 35–42. LG and HG significantly increased the chest muscle redness at the time points of 45 min, 24 h, and 48 h and the chest muscle yellowness at the time point of 24 h, decreased the brightness at 24 h and 48 h and the dripping and cooking loss at 48 h. The HG group had higher content of crude protein and crude fat in chest muscle than the CON group and no significant difference compared with the LG group. Both LG and HG groups reduced the ash content of chest muscle. The addition of the probiotic mixture significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), while the levels of total-superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) had an increasing trend. The expression levels ofCAT,SOD-1,Keap1, andNrf2 were significantly up-regulated, and the HG group had higher expression levels ofSOD-2 andHO-1 than the LG group. The concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid in cecum on days 21 and 42 significantly increased in LG and HG groups.[Conclusion] The probiotic mixture enhanced the growth performance and meat quality of broilers by increasing the levels of antioxidant activity and short-chain fatty acids, and the HG group outperformed the LG group.

broilers  /  probiotic mixture  /  growth performance  /  meat quality  /  antioxidant activity  /  short-chain fatty acids
姚先赐, 管乐琪, 孙帅, 刘金松, 曾新福, 吴艳萍, 张瑞强, 许英蕾, 杨彩梅. 复合益生菌对白羽肉鸡肌肉品质的影响及作用机理. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (2) : 516 -529 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230456
Xianci YAO, Leqi GUAN, Shuai SUN, Jinsong LIU, Xinfu ZENG, Yanping WU, Ruiqiang ZHANG, Yinglei XU, Caimei YANG. Probiotic mixture improves meat quality of white feather broilers[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (2) : 516 -529 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230456
抗生素的使用加快了畜牧业发展,然而其滥用导致病原菌耐药性产生和抗生素残留。研究发现,随着养殖时间增长,抗生素可在动物的胸肌、腿肌、肝脏等部位累积,进而危害食品安全和人类健康[1-2]。我国农业农村部发布的第194号公告规定“自2020年1月1日起,退出除中药外所有促生长类药物饲料添加剂品种”。因此,绿色安全的复合益生菌制剂作为抗生素的替代品已被广泛应用。目前用于动物生产的益生菌主要包括乳杆菌、芽孢杆菌、曲霉、酵母菌和链球菌等,其中芽孢杆菌因其可产生孢子具有耐热、耐贮存、耐酸和耐胆盐等优势,并且能产生多种抑菌活性物质和大量消化酶,因此已广泛应用于畜禽生产[3-4]。研究发现,地衣芽孢杆菌可提高肠道消化酶活性、改善消化功能和促进酮体的营养吸收[5];枯草芽孢杆菌能通过调节肉鸡肠道形态和菌群来改善肉鸡的生长性能,有利于肉鸡的营养利用和能量吸收,还能通过诱导病原微生物产生天然的抗体,为肉鸡提供更好的免疫保护[6]。然而丁酸梭菌是一种严格厌氧菌,可大量产生丁酸等有益物质,已有许多研究报道其对畜禽的益生功能,有研究发现丁酸梭菌可有效降低肉鸡肌肉剪切力和滴水损失,同时改善肉鸡肌肉肉色,提高肉鸡的肌肉品质[7]。目前关于益生菌(丁酸梭菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌)单一菌株对动物生长性能影响的研究较多,但缺乏对3种菌联合使用发挥益生菌功能的研究。然而,单一益生菌作用效果往往会受到限制,据报道,复合益生菌具有更全面的益生功能,可协同发挥作用,其效果通常优于单一益生菌[8]。因此,本试验旨在探究复合益生菌制剂(丁酸梭菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌)对肉鸡生长性能和肌肉品质的影响及作用机理,为复合型益生菌替代抗生素在畜禽产业的发展提供科学参考。
1日龄白羽肉仔鸡、全波长酶标仪,杭州奥盛仪器有限公司;电热恒温水浴锅,杭州奥盛仪器有限公司;电热鼓风干燥箱,上海锦屏仪器仪表有限公司;实时荧光定量PCR仪,上海孚约商贸有限公司;pH计,Hanna Instruments公司;RNAiso试剂,TaKaRa公司;脂肪测定仪,海能仪器股份有限公司;自动定氮仪,上海纤检仪器有限公司;陶瓷纤维马弗炉,广州越特科学仪器有限公司;色差仪,HunterLab公司;抗氧化酶试剂盒,南京建成生物工程研究所。
复合益生菌制剂由浙江惠嘉生物科技股份有限公司提供,已在中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心保藏:地衣芽孢杆菌(编号:CGMCC 9385);枯草芽孢杆菌(编号:CGMCC 9383);丁酸梭菌(编号:CGMCC 9386)。复合益生菌制剂配方和活菌数:地衣芽孢杆菌1.0×109 CFU/mL、枯草芽孢杆菌1.0×109 CFU/mL、丁酸梭菌5.0×105 CFU/mL。
试验采用完全随机设计,将360只1日龄、体重相似[(38.7±2.2) g]的仔鸡饲养于同一栋鸡舍,随机分成3个饮水处理组,每组8个重复,每个重复15只鸡。参照文献[9]以饮水方式添加益生菌,分为:CON组正常饮水;LG组饮水添加0.2%复合益生菌;HG组饮水添加0.4%复合益生菌,该比例通过前期预试验以及参考本实验室前期研究数据[10-12]。3组饲喂相同基础日粮,复合益生菌添加至统一容器中,4−6 h更换1次饮水。第1天至第5天,按规定剂量添加复合益生菌液,全天饮用[8]。为维持和优化肠道固有微生物群落平衡,第6天和第21天益生菌添加量依次减半。基础日粮的组成和营养水平与申文雪等[13]配方一致,具体组成和营养水平见表1
试验期为42 d,采用笼养方式饲喂,每个重复饲养于同一笼中。试验期间,保证肉鸡自由饮水和采食,每日清洗饮水器和鸡舍,鸡舍维持24 h光照,鸡舍内采用排气扇纵向通风,保持温度。鸡舍消毒、肉鸡疾病防护、肉鸡免疫接种按常规免疫程序进行。
在肉鸡1、7、14、21、28、35、42日龄时,提前禁食相同时间,测定肉鸡平均体重。
在42 d的饲养试验结束后,禁食12 h,根据各个处理组的平均体重,从每个处理组的8个重复中随机选择1只肉鸡,即每组有8个生物重复,采用放血处理方式,立即解剖腹腔,取胸肌冷藏于4的冰箱中,以便后期进行常规化学成分、抗氧化能力和抗氧化基因等相关指标的检测;采集盲肠内容物于2 mL无菌管中,快速置于液氮中,样品保存在−80,用于短链脂肪酸测定。在试验21 d时,从每个处理组的8个重复中随机选择1只肉鸡,以上述相同方法采集盲肠内容物冻存于−80备用。
以重复记录方式在肉鸡1、7、14、21、28、35、42日龄时,空腹测量肉鸡体重,计算肉鸡平均日增重(average daily weight gain, ADG) (公式1)及平均每只鸡体重。
根据Banaszak等[14]实验方法,完整分离胸肌,取胸肌样品,测定肌肉的pH值(屠宰后45 min、24 h、48 h)、肉色(屠宰后45 min、24 h、48 h)、滴水损失和蒸煮损失。依据食品安全国家标准[15-18]测定胸肌常规化学成分:灰分(ash)、粗脂肪(ether extract, EE)、粗蛋白(crude protein, CP)和水分(moisture)等含量。
pH值:屠宰后45 min、24 h和48 h用pH计测定胸肌pH值。
肉色:屠宰后45 min、24 h和48 h用色差仪测定胸肌亮度值(L*)、红度值(a*)和黄度值(b*)。
滴水损失:顺胸肌肌纤维方向切成2 cm× 2 cm×5 cm肉条,称重,记m1。用吊钩悬挂在保鲜袋中,放入4冰箱悬挂24 h,吸干肉条表面水分后称重,记m2,计算24 h滴水损失。与24 h同理,计算48 h的滴水损失(公式2)。
蒸煮损失:顺胸肌肌纤维方向剪取样品记m3将样品中心放入蒸煮袋密封,置于80水浴锅,水浴1 h取出,放入4冰箱冷藏过夜,吸干样品表面水分后称重记m4,计算蒸煮损失(公式3)。
取胸肌组织样品,按照南京建成生物工程研究所抗氧化酶试剂盒说明书检测总超氧化物歧化酶(total superoxide dismutase,T-SOD,羟胺法)、丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA,硫代巴比妥酸法)、总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC, Fe2+还原法)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT,钼酸铵法)的含量。
提取试验鸡胸肌总RNA后进行反转录,进行实时荧光定量PCR。具体步骤如下:将胸肌组织与TRIzol混合后匀浆,提取组织中RNA。分光光度法测定RNA浓度(吸光度260 nm/280 nm),根据PrimeScriptTM RT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser试剂盒(TaKaRa公司)说明书对组织中的RNA进行除DNA和反转录,得到cDNA。通过Primer Premier 5.0软件设计引物,引物序列见表2。使用TB GreenPremix ExTaq Ⅱ (TaKaRa公司)进行Quantitative Real-time PCR反应。反应体系采用20 μL体系进行,反应条件为:95 2 min;95 5 s,60 30 s,40个循环。以β-肌动蛋白基因(β-actin)为内参基因,根据2−ΔΔCt法对结果进行计算分析。基因引物序列参照申文雪等[13],具体见表2
根据汤佳宁[19]的方法,准确称取0.5 g盲肠内容物样品,加入1.5 mL ddH2O,振荡混匀溶解,并于4、12 000 r/min离心10 min。取1 mL上清液,加入0.2 mL 25%偏磷酸(上清液: 偏磷酸= 5:1),混匀,冰水浴静置30 min,过滤得待测上清液。标准曲线的绘制:分别精确称量0.01 g乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸和异戊酸标准品,制备浓度为500 μg/mL的标准液,并按照1:1、1:3、1:7、1:49比例,分别稀释得到0.250、0.125、0.062和0.001 mg/mL的标准液,采用气相色谱仪(安捷伦)进行检测,设定条件:色谱柱为HP-FFAP,FID检测器,载气N2,进样量1 μL,分流比10:1,进样温度37,检测器温度300,起始温度40,持续运行3 min后,以5 /min的速度升温至180,在180停留3 min,再以8 /min升至285,保持10 min,运行结束后绘制标准曲线。以上述同样方式和条件,测定待测样品,通过对标准液和样品进行峰面积的对比处理,并积分计算后得出各样品中短链脂肪酸的含量。
试验数据采用SPSS 21.0软件进行分析。采用单因素方差分析(one-way analysis of variance, one-way ANOVA)和邓肯氏(Duncan’s)检验来确定组间的差异。试验结果以平均值和标准误(the standard error of means, SEM)显示。P < 0.05,表明显著差异,被认为有统计学意义。条形图使用GraphPad Prism 8.1生成。
图1可知,与CON组相比,LG组和HG组显著提高肉鸡7、35和42 d平均体重(P < 0.05),显著提高HG组肉鸡21−28、28−35、35−42阶段的平均日增重(P < 0.05),LG组仅显著提高35−42阶段的平均日增重。
表3可知,与CON组相比,添加复合益生菌制剂显著提高肉鸡屠宰后24 h和48 h胸肌pH值(P < 0.05),显著增加45 min、24 h、48 h红度和24 h黄度(P < 0.05),降低了24 h和48 h的胸肌亮度(P < 0.05);LG组显著降低胸肌24 h和48 h滴水损失(P < 0.05),而HG组仅降低胸肌48 h滴水损失(P < 0.05);LG组复合益生菌显著降低胸肌蒸煮损失(P < 0.05),HG组无明显现象(P > 0.05)。
表4可知,与CON组相比,HG组CP、EE含量显著提高(P < 0.05),Ash含量显著降低(P < 0.05)。LG组CP、EE含量差异不显著(P > 0.05),Ash含量显著降低(P < 0.05)。LG组和HG组水分与CON组相比无明显差异(P > 0.05)。HG组CP、EE显著高于LG组(P < 0.05)。
图2可知,LG组和HG组中T-SOD、CAT相对于CON组有上升趋势(P > 0.05);LG组和HG组MDA高于CON组,但差异不显著(P > 0.05);LG组和HG组T-AOC水平显著高于CON组(P < 0.05)。
图3可知,LG组和HG组胸肌CATNrf2SOD-1Keap1表达水平显著高于CON组(P < 0.05);HG组胸肌HO-1SOD-2表达水平显著高于CON组(P < 0.05);而LG组与CON组相比仅有上升的趋势(P > 0.05)。
图4可知,与CON组相比,21日龄时,LG组乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和戊酸含量显著增加(P < 0.05),异丁酸和异戊酸含量没有明显差异(P > 0.05);HG组乙酸、戊酸、异戊酸含量显著增加(P < 0.05),丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸含量没有明显差异(P > 0.05)。42日龄时,LG组乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和戊酸含量显著增加(P < 0.05),异丁酸含量和异戊酸没有明显差异(P > 0.05);HG组乙酸含量显著增加(P < 0.05)。丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸和异戊酸均没有明显差异(P > 0.05)。综上,LG组在21日龄和42日龄时作用效果总体优于HG组。
生长性能作为肉鸡生长发育的有效指标,是提高经济效益的关键[7]。Yang等[20]的试验结果表明,添加丁酸梭菌可以提高肉鸡的生长性能,同时也发现添加不同剂量的丁酸梭菌差异并不显著。研究表明,枯草芽孢杆菌通过途径(饲料、水)传递对肉鸡平均增重无显著影响[21]。相反,在家禽中也报道了补充益生菌后可改善肉鸡平均增重;这些结果的差异由多种因素决定,包括益生菌活力、鸡舍环境、肉鸡健康状态和肉鸡的遗传力等[22]。Sun等[23]报道,饲粮中添加复合益生菌(枯草芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌)能提高家禽85 d和125 d的平均体重和平均日增重,对1−28 d无显著影响。本试验LG组与HG组对肉鸡生长性能差异不显著,说明益生菌对肉鸡生长性能的影响不存在剂量水平依赖性,这与Yang等[20]的研究相似;在1−7 d和14−28 d对肉鸡生长性能无明显差异,显著提高28−42 d平均日增重和平均体重,说明该复合益生菌主要在生长后期产生促生长作用。这与Sun等[23]的研究结果相一致。
研究表明,在日粮中添加芽孢杆菌和丁酸梭菌可有效改善鸡肉品质,肉质主要由其pH值、肉色和持水能力决定[24]。肉色是鸡肉酮体的重要指标,反映了肌肉生化、生理以及微生物学的变化,是消费者评价肉品质的依据[25]。肉色中L*表示苍白程度,a*主要表现肌肉中肌红蛋白的数量,b*主要体现肌肉色的黄色程度。L*、a*和b*一起呈现肌肉颜色的深浅。滴水损失和蒸煮损失与肌肉蛋白质在细胞内保水能力有关[26]。Mohammed等[27]的研究表明添加益生菌后,肉鸡胸肌肌肉a*、b*均有所升高,持水能力显著提高。本试验中,LG组和HG组的复合益生菌均能提高24 h时胸肌肉色及pH,降低其蒸煮及滴水损失,改善肌肉品质、提高肌肉保水能力,这与前人研究结果一致。pH增高可能是由于复合益生菌促进肌肉有氧呼吸,降低肌肉中乳酸含量,使得肌肉中pH增加。
益生菌可通过改善肉鸡消化功能、调节肠道菌群、促进免疫调节来提高肉鸡生产性能。益生菌能产生各种消化酶,将日粮中不能被吸收的物质分解为葡萄糖、氨基酸、半乳糖醛酸和不饱和脂肪酸等营养物质,促进肉鸡消化吸收,提高饲料的利用率[28-29]。Ahiwe等[30]研究表明,与对照组相比,添加益生菌组第42天的粗蛋白常规化学成分显著降低,各组间EE含量差异不明显。Zaghari等[31]研究显示,枯草芽孢杆菌能够通过调控肠道微生态菌群、减少消化紊乱,抑制有害微生物,促进肉鸡的营养吸收,更好地提高肉中粗蛋白消化率。Wang等[32]研究发现,饲料中添加丁酸梭菌能提高回肠脂肪酶活性,将甘油三酯水解为游离的脂肪酸,促进饲料中脂肪的吸收;同时丁酸梭菌能改善肠道形态、增加肠绒毛高度、增加吸收面积,从而增加肉鸡的消化吸收,由此提高胸肌粗蛋白和粗脂肪的消化率。本试验结果显示,在饮水中添加复合益生菌制剂能使肉鸡胸肌中CP、EE含量显著提高,ash含量降低,这与前人研究的结果相似。推测本试验引起常规化学成分增加的原因可能是复合益生菌能够改善肉鸡肠道菌群,抑制有害菌生长繁殖从而促进肉鸡营养物质吸收。
在畜禽养殖过程中,使用不合理的饲料添加剂和环境应激通常会引发氧化应激。越来越多的证据揭示了益生菌在提高畜禽抗氧化能力方面的潜在作用。氧化应激是指氧化和抗氧化之间处于不平衡的状态,在体内可产生多种活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS),以羟基自由基和超氧阴离子的形式存在。过量的ROS将破坏机体蛋白质,造成DNA损伤和脂质氧化。因此,抗氧化能力通常被用来反映生物体的健康状况。丙二醛是细胞内多不饱和脂肪酸过氧化作用的终产物之一,通常被认为是抗氧化状态和氧化应激的标志[33-34]。益生菌通过超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)上调抗氧化酶活性、下调产生ROS的酶以及平衡有益肠道微生物对抗氧化破坏的功能,起到抗氧化作用[35]。Mohsin等[36]研究发现在日粮中添加益生菌可使SOD-1CAT的mRNA表达增加,提高抗氧化酶活性。Qiu等[37]研究表明饲喂复合益生菌的仔鸡表现出抗氧化能力增强,血清中T-AOC、T-SOD活性增加,MDA含量降低。本试验中,复合益生菌制剂对胸肌中CAT、T-SOD、T-AOC的含量有提高的趋势,而对MDA的含量无明显影响。推测原因为该试验中复合益生菌对提高肉鸡抗氧化酶有一定的效果,可能胸肌中活性氧较多,导致MDA含量下降不明显。这与Qiu等[37]研究结果相反,可能与肉鸡的品质、鸡舍条件、复合益生菌生长状况和复合益生菌制剂的添加量有关。
在进化过程中,大多数生物体具有天然的酶防御,例如超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(glutathione reductase, GR);非酶抗氧化防御,例如谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)、硫氧还蛋白(thioredoxin, Trx)、维生素C和维生素胺E,修复系统来保护自身免受氧化应激[38]Nrf2激活可以通过氧化还原途径调节机体抗氧化酶及抗氧化基因的表达,增强SOD相关蛋白的表达水平,从而增加细胞对氧化应激的抗性[39]。SOD是防止自由基损害的主要抗氧化酶,作为超氧阴离子自由基的歧化反应的催化剂,阻断自由基的歧化反应,维持机体氧化和抗氧化的动态平衡[40]。Gong等[41]观察到,饲喂益生菌的雏鸡血清GSH-Px较高,肝脏CAT和SOD活性也较高。试验结果表明,饮水中添加复合益生菌能够提高肉鸡胸肌Keap1SOD-1SOD-2基因的表达水平,与讨论3.4中增强肉鸡胸肌抗氧化能力保持一致。
短链脂肪酸是肠道厌氧菌发酵的主要最终产物,同时也是肠道的重要能量来源,可提供人类结肠细胞每日所需的50%。其能被结肠黏膜有效吸收,除此之外,短链脂肪酸还具有降低肠道pH值的作用,能够有效地抑制仔鸡盲肠内的致病菌生长,增加肠道营养吸收[42-43]。本研究发现,饮水中添加低剂量的复合益生菌制剂能显著提高肠道乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的含量,添加高剂量的复合益生菌制剂有增加的趋势。Wang等[44]发现益生菌通过提高肠道菌群中优势菌的丰度提高短链脂肪酸水平,且乳杆菌与肠道中乙酸、丁酸含量呈正相关。Oladokun等[45]研究显示,芽孢杆菌对总短链脂肪酸和单个脂肪酸含量没有明显影响,可能短链脂肪酸浓度与肠道菌群定殖有关。乳杆菌被认定为定殖物种,芽孢杆菌被认为是肠道过路菌,在肠道内无法定殖。Duan等[46]的试验结果显示,丁酸梭菌组的肠道乙酸、丙酸和丁酸等短链脂肪酸含量均高于对照组;丁酸梭菌代谢产生的丁酸可影响肠道pH,改善肠道生物群落,从而显著提高肠道短链脂肪酸含量。这与本文研究相符合,本试验复合益生菌制剂显著提高肠道短链脂肪酸含量,但是复合益生菌是通过直接提高短链脂肪酸含量,还是通过调控肠道菌群结构而间接发挥作用,有待进一步研究。
饮水中添加复合益生菌制剂可通过增强胸肌抗氧化基因表达水平,提高胸肌抗氧化能力,以及提高肠道短链脂肪酸含量而改善肉鸡生长性能和肌肉品质。并且,HG组的作用效果整体优于LG组。
  • 浙江省“尖兵” “领雁”研发攻关计划(2022C02043)
  • 浙江省重点农业企业研究院绿色动物保健品项目(2021Y30004)
  • 浙江农林大学国家级创新创业大赛训练计划(202210341013)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
SCOTT GI, PORTER DE, NORMAN RS, SCOTT CH, UYAGUARI-DIAZ MI, MARUYA KA, WEISBERG SB, FULTON MH, WIRTH EF, MOORE J, PENNINGTON PL, SCHLENK D, COBB GP, DENSLOW ND.Antibiotics as CECs: an overview of the hazards posed by antibiotics and antibiotic resistance[J].Frontiers in Marine Science,2016,3:24.
[2]
陈林, 王卫, 吉莉莉, 刘文龙, 张佳敏, 白婷.不同养殖模式下固始鸡肉及蛋中抗生素残留测定[J].成都大学学报(自然科学版),2017,36(2):141-143.
CHEN L, WANG W, JI LL, LIU WL, ZHANG JM, BAI T.Determination of antibiotics residues of Gushi chicken and their eggs under different breeding modes[J].Journal of Chengdu University (Natural Science Edition),2017,36(2):141-143 (in Chinese).
[3]
SARKER MSK, KIM GM, JANG DH, SHARMIN F, YANG CJ.Bamboo vinegar liquid probiotics for replacing antibiotic on the performance and meat quality of broiler chicken[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology,2016,1(3):483-491.
[4]
BAO CL, ZHANG WX, WANG J, LIU YJ, CAO H, LI FY, LIU SZ, SHANG ZD, CAO YH, DONG B.The effects of dietaryBacillus amyloliquefaciens TL106 supplementation, as an alternative to antibiotics, on growth performance, intestinal immunity, epithelial barrier integrity, and intestinal microbiota in broilers[J].Animals: an Open Access Journal from MDPI,2022,12(22):3085.
[5]
YE Y, YU DN, LIU Q, MA SK, ZHANG MJ, ZHAO MJ, XU JK, YU JC.Nutritional composition of fresh carcass of turbot fed withBacillus subtilis SMF1,B.licheniformis LMF1 andB.siamensis DL3 and its relationship with intestinal flora[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2023,300:115627.
[6]
ALIAKBARPOUR HR, CHAMANI M, RAHIMI G, SADEGHI AA, QUJEQ D.TheBacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria probiotics influences intestinal mucin gene expression, histomorphology and growth performance in broilers[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2012,25(9):1285-1293.
[7]
LI Z, LONG LB, JIN X, LI Y, WU Q, CHEN XY, GENG ZY, ZHANG C.Effects ofClostridium butyricum on growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal health of broilers[J].Frontiers in Veterinary Science,2023,10:1107798.
[8]
ZHANG PW, YAN T, WANG XL, KUANG SC, XIAO YC, LU WW, BI DR.Probiotic mixture ameliorates heat stress of laying hens by enhancing intestinal barrier function and improving gut microbiota[J].Italian Journal of Animal Science,2017,16(2):292-300.
[9]
ZHANG LH, ZHANG RN, JIA H, ZHU ZW, LI HF, MA YY.Supplementation of probiotics in water beneficial growth performance, carcass traits, immune function, and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens[J].Open Life Sciences,2021,16(1):311-322.
[10]
XU YL, YU Y, SHEN YY, LI Q, LAN JH, WU YP, ZHANG RQ, CAO GT, YANG CM.Effects ofBacillus subtilis andBacillus licheniformis on growth performance, immunity, short chain fatty acid production, antioxidant capacity, and cecal microflora in broilers[J].Poultry Science,2021,100(9):101358.
[11]
WANG KL, CAO GT, ZHANG HR, LI Q, YANG CM.Effects ofClostridium butyricum andEnterococcus faecalis on growth performance, immune function, intestinal morphology, volatile fatty acids, and intestinal flora in a piglet model[J].Food & Function,2019,10(12):7844-7854.
[12]
YU XR, CUI ZC, QIN SK, ZHANG RQ, WU YP, LIU JS, YANG CM.Effects ofBacillus licheniformis on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and fecal microflora in weaned piglets[J].Animals: an Open Access Journal from MDPI,2022,12(13):1609.
[13]
申文雪, 刘金松, 范小燕, 许英蕾, 吴艳萍, 张瑞强.丁酸梭菌替代金霉素对肉鸡腿肌肉品质和抗氧化功能的影响[J].微生物学报,2022,62(4):1464-1472. https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/article/abstract/20220422?st=search
SHEN WX, LIU JS, FAN XY, XU YL, WU YP, ZHANG RQ.Effect ofClostridium butyricum as a replacement of chlortetracycline on quality and antioxidation of broiler leg muscle[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2022,62(4):1464-1472 (in Chinese). https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/article/abstract/20220422?st=search
[14]
BANASZAK M, BIESEK J, KUŹNIACKA J, GRABOWICZ M, ADAMSKI M.Slaughter yield, quality of meat from broiler chickens of different origin and age on diet with extruded or meal soybean[J].Journal of Applied Animal Research,2021,49(1):357-365.
[15]
中国标准出版社. GB 5009.3—2016食品安全国家标准食品中水分的测定. 北京: 中国标准出版, 2019.
Standards Press of China. GB 5009.3—2016 National food safety standard determination of moisture in foods. Beijing: China Standards Publishing, 2017 (in Chinese).
[16]
中国标准出版社. GB 5009.4—2016食品安全国家标准食品中灰分的测定. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017.
Standards Press of China. GB 5009.4—2016 National food safety standard determination of ash in foods. Beijing: China Standards Publishing, 2017 (in Chinese).
[17]
中国标准出版社. GB 5009.5—2016食品安全国家标准食品中蛋白质的测定. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017.
Standards Press of China. GB 5009.5—2016 National food safety standard determination of protein in foods. Beijing: China Standards Publishing, 2017 (in Chinese).
[18]
中国标准出版社. GB 5009.6—2016食品安全国家标准食品中脂肪的测定. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017.
Standards Press of China. GB 5009.6—2016 National food safety standard determination of fat in foods. Beijing: China Standards Publishing, 2017 (in Chinese).
[19]
汤佳宁. 单月桂酸甘油酯对肉鸡生长、免疫和肠道功能的影响[J]. 杭州: 浙江农林大学硕士学位论文, 2021.
TANG JN. Effects of glycerol monolaurate on growth performance, immune and intestinal function of broilers[J]. Hangzhou: Master's Thesis of Zhejiang A&F University, 2021 (in Chinese).
[20]
YANG TT, DU MS, ZHANG J, AHMAD B, CHENG Q, WANG XB, ABBAS Z, TONG YC, LI JZ, ZHOU YC, ZHANG RJ, SI DY.Effects ofClostridium butyricum as an antibiotic alternative on growth performance, intestinal morphology, serum biochemical response, and immunity of broilers[J].Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland),2023,12(3):433.
[21]
OLADOKUN S, ADEWOLE D.The effect ofBacillus subtilis and its delivery route on hatch and growth performance, blood biochemistry, immune status, gut morphology, and microbiota of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2023,102(4):102473.
[22]
LIU XF, MA AJ, ZHI TX, HONG D, CHEN Z, LI ST, JIA YM.Dietary effect ofBrevibacillus laterosporus S62-9 on chicken meat quality, amino acid profile, and volatile compounds[J].Foods,2023,12(2):288.
[23]
SUN HX, GU TT, LI GQ, CHEN L, TIAN Y, XU WW, ZENG T, LU LZ.Effects of compound probiotics on growth performance, serum biochemical and immune indices, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal tissue morphology of Shaoxing duck[J].Animals,2022,12(22):3219.
[24]
朱梦婷, 王晓路, 王永健, 赵宗胜.不同饲养方式对黄羽肉鸡肉品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2019,47(19):179-182.
ZHU MT, WANG XL, WANG YJ, ZHAO ZS.Effects of different feeding methods on meat quality of yellow feather broilers[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2019,47(19):179-182 (in Chinese).
[25]
WEN YY, LIU HH, LIU K, CAO HY, MAO HG, DONG XY, YIN ZZ.Analysis of the physical meat quality in partridge (Alectoris chukar) and its relationship with intramuscular fat[J].Poultry Science,2020,99(2):1225-1231.
[26]
王蕾, 孙娅静.枯草芽孢杆菌对AA肉仔鸡血清抗氧化功能和肉品质的影响[J].饲料研究,2020,43(9):36-39.
WANG L, SUN YJ.Effect ofBacillus subtilis on serum antioxidant function and meat quality of AA broilers[J].Feed Research,2020,43(9):36-39 (in Chinese).
[27]
MOHAMMED AA, ZAKI RS, NEGM EA, MAHMOUD MA, CHENG HW.Effects of dietary supplementation of a probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) on bone mass and meat quality of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2021,100(3):100906.
[28]
ZHANG ZF, KIM IH.Effects of multistrain probiotics on growth performance, apparent ileal nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, cecal microbial shedding, and excreta odor contents in broilers[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(2):364-370.
[29]
CAI HM, LUO SJ, ZHOU QF, YAN ZQ, LIU QH, KANG Z, LIAO SQ, LI J, LV M, LIN XH, HU JJ, YU SL, ZHANG, JF, QI NS, SUN MF.Effects ofBacillus subtilis and coccidiosis vaccine on growth indices and intestinal microbiota of broilers[J].Poultry Science,2022,101(11):102091.
[30]
AHIWE EU, EJIOFOR I, OLADIPUPO OA, OGBUEWU IP, ALADI NO, OBIKAONU HO, EMENALOM OO.Effect of composite enzyme supplementation on production parameters, intestinal segment measurements, and apparent nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed low energy and protein diets[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2022,54(6):399.
[31]
ZAGHARI M, SARANI P, HAJATI H.Comparison of two probiotic preparations on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, nutrient digestibility and cytokine gene expression in broiler chickens[J].Journal of Applied Animal Research,2020,48(1):166-175.
[32]
WANG WW, WANG J, ZHANG HJ, WU SG, QI GH.Effects ofClostridium butyricum on production performance and intestinal absorption function of laying hens in the late phase of production[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2020,264:114476.
[33]
TAO JJ, WANG SL, QIU HJ, XIE RT, ZHANG HT, CHEN NS, LI SL.Modulation of growth performance, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity and disease resistance in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) upon compound probiotic cultures inclusion[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2022,127:804-812.
[34]
CHARLOTTE L.From oxidative stress to inflammation: redox balance and immune system[J].Poultry Science,2019,98(10):4240-4246.
[35]
WANG Y, WU YP, WANG YY, XU H, MEI XQ, YU DY, WANG YB, LI WF.Antioxidant properties of probiotic bacteria[J].Nutrients,2017,9(5):521.
[36]
MOHSIN M, ZHANG ZP, YIN GW.Effect of probiotics on the performance and intestinal health of broiler chickens infected withEimeria tenella[J].Vaccines,2022,10(1):97.
[37]
QIU K, WANG XC, ZHANG HJ, WANG J, QI GH, WU SG.Dietary supplementation of a new probiotic compound improves the growth performance and health of broilers by altering the composition of cecal microflora[J].Biology,2022,11(5):633.
[38]
ZHAO Y, ZENG D, WANG HS, QING XD, SUN N, XIN JG, LUO M, KHALIQUE A, PAN KC, SHU G, JING B, NI XQ.Dietary probioticBacillus licheniformis H2 enhanced growth performance, morphology of small intestine and liver, and antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens againstClostridium perfringens-induced subclinical necrotic enteritis[J].Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins,2020,12(3):883-895.
[39]
田浪, 何彦侠, 侯月娥, 郭吉余, 钱雪桥, 王林川.复合益生菌制剂对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化指标及免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2017,37(8):1540-1544, 1582.
TIAN L, HE YX, HOU YE, GUO JY, QIAN XQ, WANG LC.Effects of dietary mixed probiotics on the growth performance, antioxidant activity and immune function in yellow-feathered broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2017,37(8):1540-1544, 1582 (in Chinese).
[40]
裴若男, 杨帆, 廖建昭, 马飞洋, 马欣艳, 林毓茵, 姚启发, 唐兆新, 梁昭平.高铜日粮对肉鸡肾氧化损伤和Nrf2信号通路相关基因表达的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2019,50(9):1714-1721.
PEI RN, YANG F, LIAO JZ, MA FY, MA XY, LIN YY, YAO QF, TANG ZX, LIANG ZP.The effect of high dietary copper on oxidative damage and expression of Nrf2 signaling pathway related genes in the kidneys of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2019,50(9):1714-1721 (in Chinese).
[41]
GONG L, WANG BK, MEI XQ, XU H, QIN Y, LI WF, ZHOU YS.Effects of three probioticBacillus on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidative capacity, serum immunity, and biochemical parameters in broilers[J].Animal Science Journal,2018,89(11):1561-1571.
[42]
TRETOLA M, FERRARI L, LUCIANO A, MAZZOLENI S, ROVERE N, FUMAGALLI F, OTTOBONI M, PINOTTI L.Sugaryvs. salty food industry leftovers in postweaning piglets: effects on gut microbiota and intestinal volatile fatty acid production[J].Animal,2022,16(7):100584.
[43]
ASADUZZAMA M, IEHATA S, AKTER S, KADER MA, GHOSH SK, KHAN MNA, ABOL-MUNAFI AB.Effects of host gut-derived probiotic bacteria on gut morphology, microbiota composition and volatile short chain fatty acids production of Malaysian MahseerTor tambroides[J].Aquaculture Reports,2018,9:53-61.
[44]
WANG Y, QU SJ, CHEN MH, CUI Y, SHI CS, PU XL, GAO WH, LI QH, HAN JH, ZHANG AX.Effects of buckwheat milk co-fermented with two probiotics and two commercial yoghurt strains on gut microbiota and production of short-chain fatty acids[J].Food Bioscience,2023,53:102537.
[45]
OLADOKUN S, KOEHLER A, MACISAAC J, IBEAGHA-AWEMU EM, ADEWOLE DI.Bacillus subtilis delivery route: effect on growth performance, intestinal morphology, cecal short-chain fatty acid concentration, and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2021,100(3):100809.
[46]
DUAN YF, ZHANG Y, DONG HB, WANG Y, ZHENG XT, ZAHNG JS.Effect of dietaryClostridium butyricum on growth, intestine health status and resistance to ammonia stress in Pacific white shrimpLitopenaeus vannamei[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2017,65:25-33.
2024年第64卷第2期
PDF下载
111
44
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230456
  • 接收时间:2023-07-06
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-02-04
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-06
  • 录用日期:2023-11-22
基金
Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province "Pioneer" and "Leading Goose"(2022C02043)
浙江省“尖兵” “领雁”研发攻关计划(2022C02043)
Zhejiang Provincial Key Agricultural Research Institute of Green Animal Health Products Project(2021Y30004)
浙江省重点农业企业研究院绿色动物保健品项目(2021Y30004)
Zhejiang A&F University National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition Training Program(202210341013)
浙江农林大学国家级创新创业大赛训练计划(202210341013)
作者信息
    1 浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院, 浙江 杭州 311300
    2 浙江省惠嘉绿色动物保健品重点农业企业研究院, 浙江 安吉 313300

通讯作者:

参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230456
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏