Article(id=1241053878410605160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241053870428844598, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230345, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1684080000000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1700150400000, acceptedDateStr=2023-11-17, onlineDate=1773819902279, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1706976000000, pubDateStr=2024-02-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773819902279, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773819902279, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773819902279, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241053870428844598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='2', pageStart='331', pageEnd='632', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773819900376, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773820055293, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241054520269140366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241053870428844598, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241054520269140367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1241053870428844598, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=461, endPage=472, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241053879190745717, articleId=1241053878410605160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Functions of genes encoding phosphomevalonate kinase and mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase inCordyceps militaris, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To determine the functions of two key enzymes of the mevalonate pathway, phosphomevalonate kinase (CmErg8) and mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (CmErg19), inCordyceps militaris and their effects on the content of ergosterol and cordycepin.[Methods] Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identifyCmErg8 andCmErg19 inC.militaris, and yeast complementation was employed to determine whether their functions were conserved. Furthermore, we employedAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation to overexpressCmErg8 andCmErg19 in the auxotrophic mutantCmΔpyrG ofC.militaris, so as to observe the effects ofCmErg8 andCmErg19 on the content of ergosterol and cordycepin.[Results] CmErg8 andCmErg19 could not complement the temperature sensitivity of theerg8 anderg19 mutants of yeast. The strains overexpressingCmErg8 andCmErg19 showed increased content of ergosterol and cordycepin. Particularly, the cordycepin content increased by about 5 times in the strain overexpressingCmErg19 compared with that in the control.[Conclusion] This study revealed the functions ofCmErg8 andCmErg19 inC.militaris and reported that the genes in the ergosterol synthesis pathway ofC.militaris affected the content of cordycepin for the first time.

, correspAuthors=Bin ZENG, Zhihong HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: ZENG Bin,;
E-mail: HU Zhihong,
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Huanhuan YAN, Yitong SHANG, Lihong WANG, Xueqin TIAN, Lihua YAO, Bin ZENG, Zhihong HU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241053882143535827, articleId=1241053878410605160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=蛹虫草磷酸甲羟戊酸激酶和焦磷酸甲羟戊酸脱羧酶基因的功能分析, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】确定蛹虫草甲羟戊酸途径中的2个关键酶——磷酸甲羟戊酸激酶(CmErg8)和焦磷酸甲羟戊酸脱羧酶(CmErg19)的功能及其对麦角甾醇和虫草素含量的影响。【方法】通过生物信息学分析鉴定蛹虫草中CmErg8CmErg19,并采用酵母互补确定其功能是否保守;以蛹虫草尿嘧啶营养缺陷型CmΔpyrG为背景菌株,利用农杆菌介导的转化方法对CmErg8CmErg19进行过表达,观察其对麦角甾醇和虫草素含量的影响。【结果】CmErg8CmErg19不能互补酵母erg8erg19突变体的温度敏感表型;CmErg8CmErg19过表达菌株中麦角甾醇和虫草素含量均有所增加,特别是CmErg19基因过表达可以使虫草素含量提升5倍左右。【结论】本研究揭示了蛹虫草CmErg8CmErg19的功能,并且发现蛹虫草麦角甾醇合成通路基因可能会影响虫草素含量。

, correspAuthors=曾斌, 胡志宏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=jC1B/BrxlJlpRb+9hFIL3g==, magXml=DRgA9KZH6UdTYrjEYialDg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=6uGXN1ninm6ZM0TDBz85fw==, pdfFileSize=990728, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=HA7wOQNP+Ly8OTid5jwguA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=dbO27a6vH76uGSFSoety4A==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=闫欢欢, 尚怡彤, 王丽红, 田学琴, 姚丽华, 曾斌, 胡志宏)}, authors=[Author(id=1241083594186216057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053878410605160, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241083594299462277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053878410605160, authorId=1241083594186216057, language=EN, stringName=Huanhuan YAN, firstName=Huanhuan, middleName=null, lastName=YAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
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A: Phylogenetic trees of PMK proteins in different species. B: The phylogenetic tree of MVD protein in different species. The branching number represents confidence, and the scale represents genetic distance. The contents in parentheses represent the gene number of each species., figureFileSmall=xyTbxv/y/JCN5lGPU9Bwdg==, figureFileBig=7bMgnahrZfi2cOPktGzWww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241083599538148225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053878410605160, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同物种PMK和MVD的系统发育分析及氨基酸序列比对, figureFileSmall=xyTbxv/y/JCN5lGPU9Bwdg==, figureFileBig=7bMgnahrZfi2cOPktGzWww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241083599647200137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053878410605160, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Phenotypes ofCmErg8/erg8 andCmErg19/erg19 transformants and ergosterol content. A and B: Growth phenotypes of wild typeSaccharomyces cerevisiae,erg8 mutant,CmErg8/erg8,erg19 mutant, andCmErg19/erg19 on YPD and YPG medium at different temperatures. C: Ergosterol contents of wild typeSaccharomyces cerevisiae,erg8 mutant,CmErg8/erg8,erg19 mutant, andCmErg19/erg19 transformants. Values represent the mean±SD of three independent experiments. ns indicates no significant difference compared with the control., figureFileSmall=7Icvw+eRV/LGdlFi+FbEhA==, figureFileBig=xN9S6F4J8CqXGTZdb5+29A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241083599760446351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053878410605160, language=CN, label=图2, caption=CmErg8/erg8CmErg19/erg19转化子表型及麦角甾醇含量, figureFileSmall=7Icvw+eRV/LGdlFi+FbEhA==, figureFileBig=xN9S6F4J8CqXGTZdb5+29A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241083599848526740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053878410605160, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Overexpressed phenotype ofCordyceps militaris and fluorescence observation of GFP in mycelia. A: Uridine/uracil nutrient deficiency background strains (CmΔpyrG), unloaded strains (IF-pEX1), and overexpressed strains (IF-Erg8 and IF-Erg19) were cultured on CD and CD+Uri+Ura medium at 22 ℃ for 6−8 days. B: The fluorescence ofCmΔpyrG, IF-pEX1, IF-Erg8, and IF-Erg19 strains ofC.militaris were observed with a 20-fold objective. C: The fluorescence ofCmΔpyrG, IF-pEX1, IF-Erg8, and IF-Erg19 strains ofC.militaris were observed with a 63-fold microscope. B and C are bright field, fluorescence, bright field and fluorescence phase superimposed from left to right. The scale in Figure B represents 100 μm and the scale in Figure C represents 5 μm., figureFileSmall=/aVEQCV2SxM5GQ9NnpyRpw==, figureFileBig=af6SlT0Q13fUe2LDFfnRiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241083599978550172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053878410605160, language=CN, label=图3, caption=蛹虫草过表达表型及菌丝GFP荧光观察, figureFileSmall=/aVEQCV2SxM5GQ9NnpyRpw==, figureFileBig=af6SlT0Q13fUe2LDFfnRiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241083600108573601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053878410605160, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Expression levels, ergosterol, and cordycepin contents of overexpressing strains inCordyceps militaris. A: Analysis of the expression levels ofCmErg8 gene overexpressed inC.militaris. B: Analysis of overexpression ofCmErg19 gene inC.militaris. C: Ergosterol content ofCmErg8 andCmErg19 overexpressed inC.militaris. D: Cordycepin contents ofCmErg8 andCmErg19 overexpressed inC.militaris. Values represent the mean±SD of three independent experiments. ns indicates no significant difference compared with the control, and the asterisk indicates a significant difference compared to the control (P < 0.05). Double asterisk indicate a high level of statistical significance compared to the control (P < 0.01)., figureFileSmall=PYOhkw8xldTftmwFqQGCRA==, figureFileBig=wj5PaMLuDzamWN0p9ZewAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241083600188265382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053878410605160, language=CN, label=图4, caption=蛹虫草过表达菌株的表达量、麦角甾醇和虫草素含量, figureFileSmall=PYOhkw8xldTftmwFqQGCRA==, figureFileBig=wj5PaMLuDzamWN0p9ZewAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241083600297317294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053878410605160, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers used for vector construction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NameForward (5′→3′)Reverse (5′→3′)
IF-CmErg8CTCGAGTACGTAGGTACCATGCCGACTCATCCCAACGTCCCTTGCTCACCATGGTACCTGACAGCCATCCGTCGTACA
IF-CmErg19CTCGAGTACGTAGGTACCATGGCTGACACCAAAGTCTACCCTTGCTCACCATGGTACCTCGCTTGGCAGTCTCGCCGT
pYES2.0-CmErg8CTATAGGGAATATTAAGCTTATGCCGACTCATCCCAACGTGATGGATATCTGCAGAATTCTGACAGCCATCCGTCGTACA
pYES2.0-CmErg19CTATAGGGAATATTAAGCTTATGGCTGACACCAAAGTCTAGATGGATATCTGCAGAATTCTCGCTTGGCAGTCTCGCCGT
GCAACGCCGTCGAGCACAAAAAACACCGTGGGAGGAGTCATAC
qRT-CmErg8TGCAAGTGGGAGACCAAATACTTGTCGGCAAGGATGATGAG
qRT CmErg19TACCTTCCCTCCCATCTTCTACCATCAAAGGTGTAAGCAGCAATAG
), ArticleFig(id=1241083600402174899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241053878410605160, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

构建载体所用引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NameForward (5′→3′)Reverse (5′→3′)
IF-CmErg8CTCGAGTACGTAGGTACCATGCCGACTCATCCCAACGTCCCTTGCTCACCATGGTACCTGACAGCCATCCGTCGTACA
IF-CmErg19CTCGAGTACGTAGGTACCATGGCTGACACCAAAGTCTACCCTTGCTCACCATGGTACCTCGCTTGGCAGTCTCGCCGT
pYES2.0-CmErg8CTATAGGGAATATTAAGCTTATGCCGACTCATCCCAACGTGATGGATATCTGCAGAATTCTGACAGCCATCCGTCGTACA
pYES2.0-CmErg19CTATAGGGAATATTAAGCTTATGGCTGACACCAAAGTCTAGATGGATATCTGCAGAATTCTCGCTTGGCAGTCTCGCCGT
GCAACGCCGTCGAGCACAAAAAACACCGTGGGAGGAGTCATAC
qRT-CmErg8TGCAAGTGGGAGACCAAATACTTGTCGGCAAGGATGATGAG
qRT CmErg19TACCTTCCCTCCCATCTTCTACCATCAAAGGTGTAAGCAGCAATAG
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蛹虫草磷酸甲羟戊酸激酶和焦磷酸甲羟戊酸脱羧酶基因的功能分析
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闫欢欢 1, 2 , 尚怡彤 1, 2 , 王丽红 1, 2 , 田学琴 1, 2 , 姚丽华 1 , 曾斌 2, 3, * , 胡志宏 1, 2, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(2): 461-472
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(2): 461-472
蛹虫草磷酸甲羟戊酸激酶和焦磷酸甲羟戊酸脱羧酶基因的功能分析
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闫欢欢1, 2, 尚怡彤1, 2, 王丽红1, 2, 田学琴1, 2, 姚丽华1, 曾斌2, 3, * , 胡志宏1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1 江西科技师范大学生命科学学院, 江西 南昌 330013
  • 2 江西科技师范大学 江西省生物加工过程重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330013
  • 3 深圳技术大学药学院, 广东 深圳 518118
Functions of genes encoding phosphomevalonate kinase and mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase inCordyceps militaris
Huanhuan YAN1, 2, Yitong SHANG1, 2, Lihong WANG1, 2, Xueqin TIAN1, 2, Lihua YAO1, Bin ZENG2, 3, * , Zhihong HU1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
  • 2 Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
  • 3 College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China
出版时间: 2024-02-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230345
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【目的】确定蛹虫草甲羟戊酸途径中的2个关键酶——磷酸甲羟戊酸激酶(CmErg8)和焦磷酸甲羟戊酸脱羧酶(CmErg19)的功能及其对麦角甾醇和虫草素含量的影响。【方法】通过生物信息学分析鉴定蛹虫草中CmErg8CmErg19,并采用酵母互补确定其功能是否保守;以蛹虫草尿嘧啶营养缺陷型CmΔpyrG为背景菌株,利用农杆菌介导的转化方法对CmErg8CmErg19进行过表达,观察其对麦角甾醇和虫草素含量的影响。【结果】CmErg8CmErg19不能互补酵母erg8erg19突变体的温度敏感表型;CmErg8CmErg19过表达菌株中麦角甾醇和虫草素含量均有所增加,特别是CmErg19基因过表达可以使虫草素含量提升5倍左右。【结论】本研究揭示了蛹虫草CmErg8CmErg19的功能,并且发现蛹虫草麦角甾醇合成通路基因可能会影响虫草素含量。

蛹虫草  /  磷酸甲羟戊酸激酶  /  焦磷酸甲羟戊酸脱羧酶  /  麦角甾醇  /  虫草素

[Objective] To determine the functions of two key enzymes of the mevalonate pathway, phosphomevalonate kinase (CmErg8) and mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (CmErg19), inCordyceps militaris and their effects on the content of ergosterol and cordycepin.[Methods] Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identifyCmErg8 andCmErg19 inC.militaris, and yeast complementation was employed to determine whether their functions were conserved. Furthermore, we employedAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation to overexpressCmErg8 andCmErg19 in the auxotrophic mutantCmΔpyrG ofC.militaris, so as to observe the effects ofCmErg8 andCmErg19 on the content of ergosterol and cordycepin.[Results] CmErg8 andCmErg19 could not complement the temperature sensitivity of theerg8 anderg19 mutants of yeast. The strains overexpressingCmErg8 andCmErg19 showed increased content of ergosterol and cordycepin. Particularly, the cordycepin content increased by about 5 times in the strain overexpressingCmErg19 compared with that in the control.[Conclusion] This study revealed the functions ofCmErg8 andCmErg19 inC.militaris and reported that the genes in the ergosterol synthesis pathway ofC.militaris affected the content of cordycepin for the first time.

Cordyceps militaris  /  phosphomevalonate kinase  /  mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase  /  ergosterol  /  cordycepin
闫欢欢, 尚怡彤, 王丽红, 田学琴, 姚丽华, 曾斌, 胡志宏. 蛹虫草磷酸甲羟戊酸激酶和焦磷酸甲羟戊酸脱羧酶基因的功能分析. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (2) : 461 -472 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230345
Huanhuan YAN, Yitong SHANG, Lihong WANG, Xueqin TIAN, Lihua YAO, Bin ZENG, Zhihong HU. Functions of genes encoding phosphomevalonate kinase and mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase inCordyceps militaris[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (2) : 461 -472 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230345
磷酸甲羟戊酸激酶(phosphomevalonate kinase, PMK)和焦磷酸甲羟戊酸脱羧酶(mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase, MVD)是合成类固醇、类萜等生物分子的甲羟戊酸(mevalonate, MVA)途径关键酶,PMK是MVA途径的第5个关键酶,也是MVA途径中依赖ATP的第2个限速酶,其功能是将ATP上的γ位磷酸基团转移到甲羟戊酸-5-磷酸上生成甲羟戊酸-5-二磷酸[1]。MVD是MVA途径上游PMK后的另一个关键酶,催化六碳甲戊酸5-二磷酸的脱羧反应,生成五碳异戊二磷酸,这是生物合成重要的细胞中间体类异戊二烯所需的基本结构[2-3]。在真菌中,MVA途径位于麦角甾醇合成通路的上游,因此PMK和MVD分别被称为Erg8Erg19,是麦角甾醇生物合成途径中的关键基因[4-5]。麦角甾醇是真菌细胞膜的重要组成成分[6],可以影响细胞膜流动性和渗透性,在真菌的生长、繁殖和抗应激中起重要作用[7]
PMK和MVD在不同的生物包括植物、动物和微生物中都起着重要作用[8]。目前,关于PMK和MVD的研究大多集中于植物,如在香樟(Cinnamum camphora)中PMK存在5种化学型[9];在人参(Panax ginseng)的萜类化合物生物合成中PMK和MVD起着重要的作用[10];在檀香(Santalum album)中PMK可能参与了对环境刺激的信号分子相关响应[11];在紫苏(Perilla frutescens L.)中PMK参与了紫苏萜类物质的生物合成[12]。在真菌中,研究发现白色念珠菌和米曲霉的MVD能够有效地补充缺乏MVD活性的酿酒酵母突变株[3,13];米曲霉AoErg19的过表达和RNAi均降低了麦角甾醇的含量[3]
蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris)作为具有多种生物功能的食用药用真菌,其在MVA合成通路参与酶的相关研究仍较少。蛹虫草含有多种重要的生物学成分,如麦角甾醇、虫草素、多糖等[14-15],使蛹虫草具有抗癌、抗肿瘤、抗炎和抗氧化活性[16-18]。人们常把蛹虫草作为冬虫夏草的替代品进行开发利用[19-20]。目前尚未有PMK和MVD在蛹虫草中的功能研究。本研究通过对基因CmErg8CmErg19进行克隆并过表达,以揭示其功能,结果发现这2个基因的过表达可以提高麦角甾醇含量和虫草素含量,特别是CmErg19过表达可以将虫草素含量提高5倍。本研究为蛹虫草麦角甾醇代谢通路相关基因的研究奠定了基础,并且为通过基因工程提高蛹虫草的虫草素含量提供了新途径。
本研究使用蛹虫草野生型菌株C.militaris (由本实验室保存提供)提取DNA,蛹虫草营养缺陷型CmΔpyrG由本实验室前期构建[21],大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) DH5α、根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens) AGL1分别用来构建目的质粒和真菌转化。
以米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)和酿酒酵母的PMK和MVD序列为参考序列[6],使用NCBI查询蛹虫草Cm01菌株磷酸甲羟戊酸激酶(PMK)和焦磷酸甲羟戊酸脱羧酶(MVD)的蛋白序列以及其他物种中的同源序列。分别对不同生物的PMK和MVD进行系统发育分析,PMK序列包括黄花蒿(PWA75498.1、PWA41879.1、PWA45041.1)、人参(AGZ15314.1)、丹参(AEZ55665.1)、番茄(NP_001352984.1)、水稻(XP_015691178.1)、海枣(XP_008788523.1)、地钱(PTQ31721.1)、小立碗藓(XP_024377116.1)、卷柏(XP_024543893.1)、蜜环菌(PBK91655.1)、米曲霉(EIT75656.1)、白色念珠菌(KHC77020.1)、酿酒酵母(AAA34596.1、PJP11142.1)、植物乳杆菌(WP_054399164.1)、熊蜂(NP_001267845.1)、桑蚕(NP_001040145.1)、人类(AAC37593.1)和小鼠(Q9D1G2.3);MVD序列来自水稻MVD1 (XP_025878908.1)、水稻MVD2 (XP_015626692.1)、玉米(AQK75765.1)、拟南芥(OAP02434.1)、斑马鱼(NP_001007423.1)、人类(NP_002452.1)、小鼠(NP_619597.2)、白色念珠菌(KAF6070125.1)、白色念珠菌MVD1 (AAF19399.1)、酿酒酵母(GFP67416.1)、黑曲霉(GKZ58314.1)、黄曲霉(KOC09534.1)、米曲霉(XP_001821363.1)、乳酸杆菌(WP_035455896.1)、大肠杆菌(HAP2020178.1)和金黄色葡萄球菌(OLF28735.1)。利用MEGA-X使用邻接(neighbor-joining)法[22]对所选氨基酸序列进行系统发育分析,构建系统进化树,并使用DNAMAN软件[21]对不同物种的PMK和MVD蛋白分别进行多序列比对,分析氨基酸序列的一致性。
酵母erg8 (Y40835)和erg19 (Y41208)突变体购自EuropeanSaccharomyces cerevisiae Archive for Functional Analysis (http://www.euroscarf.de/index.php),以酵母菌株BY4741为野生型对照。质粒pYES2.0-CmErg8和pYES2.0-CmErg19分别含有由GAL1启动子控制的CmErg8CmErg19全长编码序列(coding sequences, CDS)。分别使用引物pYES2.0-CmErg8 F/R和引物pYES2.0-CmErg19 F/R扩增CmErg8CmErg19的CDS (引物序列见表1),并使用EcoR Ⅰ和Hind Ⅲ限制性内切酶对pYES2.0载体进行线性化,通过一步连接法将目的片段和线性化后的载体连接(ClonExpress Ⅱ One Step Cloning Kit,诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司),并进行测序验证。然后,将pYES2.0-CmErg8和pYES2.0-CmErg19载体通过热激法转化到对应酵母突变体中[23]。对照和转化子分别在酵母浸出粉胨葡萄糖(yeast extract peptone dextrose, YPD)培养基(1%酵母浸膏,2%蛋白胨,2%葡萄糖)和YPG (1%酵母浸膏,2%蛋白胨,2%半乳糖)上生长,在30 ℃和37 ℃下分别观察表型。此外,在30 ℃下使用液体YPG培养基培养对照和转化子,振荡培养2 d后,测定其麦角甾醇含量。
基因过表达载体使用二元载体IF-pEX1[21]。以蛹虫草野生型DNA为模板PCR扩增CmErg8基因片段(1 329 bp),并使用Kpn Ⅰ单酶切二元载体IF-pEX1,基因片段与线性化载体使用重组酶进行一步连接,构建IF-CmErg8载体。载体IF-CmErg19 (CmErg19片段1 167 bp)的构建同IF-CmErg8载体一致。构建好的载体通过热激法转化根癌农杆菌AGL1,进一步利用农杆菌介导转化法[24]转化蛹虫草CmΔpyrG[21]菌株,使用察氏(Czapek dox, CD)培养基[23]进行筛选。转化子接种于葡萄糖肉汤酵母(dextrose peptone yeast, DPY)培养基(2%葡萄糖,1%蛋白胨,0.5%酵母浸膏,0.5% KH2PO4,0.05% MgSO4),22 ℃培养10−12 d,收集菌丝备用。
将蛹虫草过表达阳性菌株在CD培养基爬片培养5−8 d,使用荧光显微镜(Leica公司)分别在20倍和63倍镜下观察荧光。
将蛹虫草在DPY琼脂培养基22 ℃培养10 d后,用快速RNA小量提取试剂盒提取对照和过表达菌株的RNA,然后用HiScript Ⅲ RT SuperMix for qPCR试剂盒(诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司)反转录获得cDNA,用ChamQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix (诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司)进行实时荧光定量PCR (quantitative real-time PCR, qRT-PCR),以CmGPD基因作为内参基因,qRT-PCR所用引物见表1
麦角甾醇的提取和测定参考文献[23]。收集培养10−12 d的蛹虫草菌丝,充分研磨并使用乙醇氢氧化钾溶液提取麦角甾醇,所提取样品用高效液相色谱(high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)分析。每个实验重复3次。使用甲醇超声法提取虫草素,精密称取蛹虫草菌体粉末0.2 g,蛹虫草粉末与甲醇料液比1:20 (蛹虫草0.2 g,甲醇4 mL),涡旋振荡30 s,采用超声波400 W功率提取20 min,共提取3次,5 000 r/min离心5 min,取上清液经0.22 μm滤膜过滤后置于样品瓶中。虫草素的液相色谱条件如下,色谱柱:C18 (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm),柱温:35.0 ℃,进样体积10 μL,流动相-A-甲醇;B-水。等度洗脱:12%甲醇+88%水,洗脱速率为1.0 mL/min,检测器为紫外(ultraviolet, UV),波长260 nm。每个实验重复3次。
为了研究PMK和MVD在蛹虫草中的功能,以米曲霉和酿酒酵母的PMK和MVD蛋白序列为参考[6],在NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)中对蛹虫草基因组中PMK和MVD相应的同源蛋白进行BLAST分析,蛋白质序列比对表明PMK和MVD在植物、动物、真菌和细菌中是保守的,PMK一致性为43%,而MVD的一致性高达75.2%。系统发育树分析表明,在真菌中,蛹虫草PMK与米曲霉在同一分支(图1A),MVD则与米曲霉、黄曲霉和黑曲霉处于不同分支(图1B),并且蛹虫草的PMK和MVD与酿酒酵母对应的基因均不在同一分支。因此,蛹虫草基因组中存在单个保守的PMK和MVD。
在蛹虫草中PMK和MVD是麦角甾醇合成通路中的酶,它们分别对应酵母中的Erg8Erg19,因此将其命名为CmErg8CmErg19。酿酒酵母突变体erg8 (Y40835)和erg19 (Y41208)相较于野生型,麦角甾醇含量降低,且对温度敏感,在高温下不能生长[11,13]。为了确定CmErg8CmErg19的功能是否保守,将CmErg8CmErg19的全长CDS克隆到酵母表达载体pYES2.0中,转化到对应的erg8erg19突变体中。由于pYES2.0含有半乳糖诱导的GAL1启动子,所有转化子的表型分别在30 ℃和37 ℃的YPD (含葡萄糖)和YPG (含半乳糖作为诱导物)培养基上观察,以确定是否恢复erg8erg19的温度敏感表型。结果表明,37 ℃时,YPD和YPG上的酵母erg8erg19突变是致死的,CmErg8/erg8CmErg19/erg19转化子均不能恢复突变体温度敏感表型(图2A2B)。此外,对30 ℃液体培养对照和转化子的麦角甾醇含量进行测定,结果显示,转化子CmErg8/erg8CmErg19/erg19的麦角甾醇含量均低于对照,且较对应的突变体没有显著变化(图2C)。因此,CmErg8CmErg19均不能恢复对应酵母突变体温度敏感表型和麦角甾醇含量。
将携带pyrG标记和绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein, GFP)的二元载体IF-Erg8、IF-Erg19通过农杆菌转化的方法分别转化到蛹虫草CmΔpyrG营养缺陷型菌株中,使用IF-pEX1空载体作为对照。蛹虫草IF-pEX1、IF-Erg8、IF-Erg19转化子均可在不添加尿苷/尿嘧啶的CD培养基生长(图3A)。通过荧光观察发现,背景菌株CmΔpyrG营养缺陷型菌株没有荧光,而阳性对照IF-pEX1和转化子IF-Erg8与IF-Erg19的GFP报告基因均表达成功(图3B);进一步观察分析发现,阳性对照IF-pEX1菌株荧光呈现均匀分布,IF-Erg8、IF-Erg19转化子荧光不是均匀分布在细胞中,而是呈点状、有区域地分布(图3C),表明CmErg8CmErg19不定位在细胞质,可能定位于某一特定细胞器中。
Erg8Erg19均位于麦角甾醇合成通路的上游,研究发现在酵母和米曲霉中过表达Erg19基因均会降低麦角甾醇含量[3,25]。然而,关于Erg8在真菌中对麦角甾醇含量的影响目前未见报道。在蛹虫草中分别对CmErg8CmErg19进行过表达,每个基因随机选取3个转化子,qRT-PCR检测发现CmErg8CmErg19均成功过表达(图4A4B)。而后,对过表达菌株麦角甾醇含量进行测量发现,所选取的3株CmErg8CmErg19的过表达菌株中各有2株麦角甾醇含量较野生型有显著提高(图4C)。进一步检测了CmErg8CmErg19过表达蛹虫草的虫草素含量,结果显示,CmErg8过表达菌株有2株虫草素含量显著提高;而CmErg19过表达菌株虫草素含量比对照显著提高5倍(图4D)。因此,CmErg8CmErg19不仅参与了蛹虫草麦角甾醇的合成通路,还对虫草素的合成通路有一定影响。
在真菌中,MVA途径是麦角甾醇生物合成途径的上游,但鲜有关于蛹虫草麦角甾醇生物合成途径的研究。蛹虫草CmErg8CmErg19是MVA途径上游2个连续催化的重要基因,对它们进行研究不仅对理解MVA途径具有重要意义,而且对麦角甾醇生物合成途径也具有重要作
用。研究报道麦角甾醇生物合成途径在米曲霉和酵母中较为保守,米曲霉的AoErg19可以互补酵母erg19温度敏感表型[3]。本研究首先通过生物信息学分析对蛹虫草CmErg8CmErg19进行鉴定,利用酵母互补实验发现CmErg8CmErg19均不能恢复对应酿酒酵母突变体温度敏感的致死表型。因此,蛹虫草中CmErg8CmErg19基因的功能比酿酒酵母更为复杂,具体功能还需要通过进一步的实验进行确认和完善。MVD和PMK在植物、动物和真菌中的不同亚细胞定位可以为不同物种MVA途径的遗传修饰提供一些信息。PMK和MVD在不同生物中的亚细胞定位已经被研究,在米曲霉中将Aoerg19与过氧化物酶体、线粒体和液泡分别共定位,确认Aoerg19位于液泡中[3];有报道称MVD在人和大鼠细胞中定位于过氧化物酶体[26],而后又有研究表明,人内源性MVD和过表达MVD均定位于细胞质[27];通过原生质体介导转化发现檀香SaMK和SaPMK都位于细胞质中[11]。本研究对蛹虫草过表达菌株IF-erg8和IF-erg19的菌丝进行了荧光观察,发现CmErg8CmErg19在蛹虫草中的定位均呈现点状荧光,基因的亚细胞定位需要进一步通过共定位或者免疫荧光技术确定,由于目前还未成功构建不同细胞器定位荧光标记菌株和不同亚细胞定位蛋白抗体,暂时无法确定其具体所定位的细胞器,但根据其荧光形态推测CmErg8有可能定位于脂滴,而CmErg19定位与同为真菌的米曲霉Aoerg19定位于液泡不同,可能定位于脂滴或者过氧化物酶体。
麦角甾醇是一种特殊的细胞膜成分,在真菌生长、繁殖和抗逆性中发挥着重要作用[7],在丝状真菌中,关于麦角甾醇生物合成的研究主要集中在利用生物合成抑制剂来破坏或抑制真菌中麦角甾醇的合成,从而发现可能具有杀菌和耐药作用的化合物[28-30]。蛹虫草在临床医学与预防保健中发挥着重要的作用,对蛹虫草麦角甾醇合成途径的研究具有重要意义。在此项研究中,揭示了CmErg8CmErg19的过表达导致麦角甾醇含量显著提高,此结果与AoErg19在米曲霉中的过表达使其麦角甾醇含量降低不一致,说明蛹虫草与米曲霉这2种丝状真菌的Erg19基因功能存在一定的区别,从而对麦角甾醇含量产生了不同影响。蛹虫草2个过表达菌株麦角甾醇含量提高的幅度都很低,这代表着在蛹虫草中麦角甾醇通路涉及许多酶和步骤,对CmErg8CmErg19过表达时可能导致其他限速酶的积累,从而对麦角甾醇含量产生影响。蛹虫草中被研究最广泛的次级代谢产物之一便是虫草素,本研究测量了CmErg8CmErg19过表达菌株的虫草素含量,发现CmErg19的过表达对虫草素含量影响较大,表明此基因有可能在虫草素合成过程中有所参与。目前报道虫草素的生物合成始于腺苷,并通过CmCns1/Cns2复合物催化的磷酸化、去磷酸化和还原的逐步反应得到3′-脱氧腺苷即虫草素,并且研究发现Cns1Cns2在虫草素合成过程中并不是单一发挥作用,而是形成一个复合体,二者缺一不可[31]。目前关于虫草素合成的调控机制研究并不是很多,CmErg19是MVA途径中重要的酶,对麦角甾醇合成通路中的多种中间代谢产物都有影响,推测可能是这些中间代谢产物参与了调控蛹虫草的虫草素合成,具体机制还有待进一步研究。总之,本研究分析了CmErg8CmErg19的功能、亚细胞定位和对麦角甾醇以及虫草素含量的影响,发现这2个基因特别是CmErg19对虫草素含量有着较大影响。因此,本研究对蛹虫草CmErg8CmErg19的基因功能鉴定可能为蛹虫草MVA途径的遗传修饰提供一些有用的信息,并且为蛹虫草的虫草素含量提高提供新途径。
  • 江西省科技厅自然科学基金(20212BAB205001)
  • 国家自然科学基金(32260009)
  • 国家自然科学基金(31960193)
  • 江西省“双千计划”(jxsq2019201011)
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230345
  • 接收时间:2023-05-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-02-04
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-15
  • 录用日期:2023-11-17
基金
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology(20212BAB205001)
江西省科技厅自然科学基金(20212BAB205001)
National Natural Science Fundation of China(32260009)
国家自然科学基金(32260009)
National Natural Science Fundation of China(31960193)
国家自然科学基金(31960193)
"Double Thousand Plan" in Jiangxi Province(jxsq2019201011)
江西省“双千计划”(jxsq2019201011)
作者信息
    1 江西科技师范大学生命科学学院, 江西 南昌 330013
    2 江西科技师范大学 江西省生物加工过程重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330013
    3 深圳技术大学药学院, 广东 深圳 518118

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Genus
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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