Article(id=1241045266007126120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1239895163967959761, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230338, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1683907200000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1693152000000, acceptedDateStr=2023-08-28, onlineDate=1773817848922, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1704297600000, pubDateStr=2024-01-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773817848922, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773817848922, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773817848922, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239895163967959761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2024', volume='64', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773543643228, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773820020328, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241054373594320900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1239895163967959761, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241054373598515205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1239895163967959761, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=143, endPage=160, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241045266401390703, articleId=1241045266007126120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=C-methylation programming of non-reducing polyketide synthases: based on AlphaFold 2 and molecular docking, columnId=1241045257748533520, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To explore the reasons for differences in the C-methylation programming of non-reducing polyketide synthases (NR-Pkss).[Methods] We used bioinformatics tools and AlphaFold 2 to compare the domain sequences and structures of the NR-Pkss involved in the synthesis ofMonascus pigment and citrinin inMonascus ruber M7, i.e., Mr-PksPT and Mr-PksCT. Furthermore, we employed molecular docking to compare the binding of C-methyltransferase domains (CMeTs) with other domains and the intermediates of the two NR-Pkss.[Results] The large differences of the overall structure and the high similarity of domain sequence and structure between the two NR-Pkss suggested that the differences of C-methylation programming between NR-Pkss may be resulted from domain interactions. The CMeT of Mr-PksCT was more likely to bind to the acyl carrier protein (ACP) carrying the substrate than that of Mr-PksPT, making the intermediate more easily catalyzed by CMeT. Moreover, CMeT had lower binding free energy to methyl receptor substrate than theβ-ketosynthase domain (KS).[Conclusion] The CMeTs of NR-Pkss can affect the C-methylation of the products by competing with KS. The findings provide a new idea for the study of C-methylation programming of Pkss.

, correspAuthors=Fusheng CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*CHEN Fusheng, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Microbiologica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shiyu LIAO, Qingpei LIU, Fusheng CHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241045271174508773, articleId=1241045266007126120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=基于AlphaFold 2和分子对接探讨非还原型聚酮合酶的碳甲基化程序, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】探讨非还原型聚酮合酶(non-reducing polyketide synthase, NR-Pks)的碳甲基化程序差异的原因。【方法】以红色红曲菌(Monascusruber) M7中红曲色素和桔霉素的NR-Pks为研究对象,采用生物信息学方法和AlphaFold 2软件,分析了这两种NR-Pks及其各结构域的序列和结构差异。再基于分子对接等技术,比较了它们的碳甲基转移酶结构域(C-methyltransferase domain, CMeT)分别与其他结构域及其中间产物的结合特征。【结果】两种NR-Pks各结构域的序列和结构相似性高,但其整体结构差异大,表明碳甲基化差异可能源于结构域互作差异。进一步分析发现,桔霉素Pks的CMeT比红曲色素Pks的更容易结合携带底物的酰基载体蛋白结构域(acyl carrier protein, ACP),使其中间产物更容易受到CMeT催化。CMeT和β-酮酰基合成酶结构域(β-ketosynthase domain, KS)相比,与甲基受体底物的结合自由能更低。【结论】NR-Pks中的CMeT能通过与KS竞争,从而影响其产物的碳甲基化程度。研究结果为Pks的碳甲基化程序研究提供了新思路。

, correspAuthors=陈福生, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《微生物学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=DxK09K+A4yEdTuJN3XPqqg==, magXml=aQRmviFmiA8cpD2smdtgQQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=lxvAdJleL6h+POyX1qZ8hg==, pdfFileSize=1775393, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Qs/WJ/R6oVlcFvOeYTsIkA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=wTPG9VGK99Ektcz8GLGbGA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=廖世玉, 刘庆培, 陈福生)}, authors=[Author(id=1241084433139290620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241084433281896965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, authorId=1241084433139290620, language=EN, stringName=Shiyu LIAO, firstName=Shiyu, middleName=null, lastName=LIAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
2 College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241084433369977357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, authorId=1241084433139290620, language=CN, stringName=廖世玉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 华中农业大学农业微生物资源发掘与利用全国重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430070
2 华中农业大学食品科学与技术学院, 湖北 武汉 430070, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241084431323156953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241084431331545562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, companyId=1241084431323156953, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241084431339934171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, companyId=1241084431323156953, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 华中农业大学农业微生物资源发掘与利用全国重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430070)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241084432803746274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241084432816329189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, companyId=1241084432803746274, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241084432824717797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, companyId=1241084432803746274, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 华中农业大学食品科学与技术学院, 湖北 武汉 430070)])]), Author(id=1241084433483223574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241084433596469788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, authorId=1241084433483223574, language=EN, stringName=Qingpei LIU, firstName=Qingpei, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241084433680355873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, authorId=1241084433483223574, language=CN, stringName=刘庆培, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3 中南民族大学药学院, 湖北 武汉 430070, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241084432988295662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241084433021850096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, companyId=1241084432988295662, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241084433038627314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, companyId=1241084432988295662, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中南民族大学药学院, 湖北 武汉 430070)])]), Author(id=1241084433797796394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=chenfs@mail.hzau.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241084433881682481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, authorId=1241084433797796394, language=EN, stringName=Fusheng CHEN, firstName=Fusheng, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1 National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
2 College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241084433973957175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, authorId=1241084433797796394, language=CN, stringName=陈福生, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1 华中农业大学农业微生物资源发掘与利用全国重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430070
2 华中农业大学食品科学与技术学院, 湖北 武汉 430070, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241084431323156953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241084431331545562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, companyId=1241084431323156953, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241084431339934171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, companyId=1241084431323156953, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 华中农业大学农业微生物资源发掘与利用全国重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430070)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241084432803746274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241084432816329189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, companyId=1241084432803746274, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241084432824717797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, companyId=1241084432803746274, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 华中农业大学食品科学与技术学院, 湖北 武汉 430070)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1241084434171089477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=non-reducing polyketide synthase), Keyword(id=1241084434259169871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Monascus spp.), Keyword(id=1241084434393387606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=C-methyltransferase), Keyword(id=1241084434473079391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=AlphaFold 2), Keyword(id=1241084434586325606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=molecular docking), Keyword(id=1241084434649240173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=非还原型聚酮合酶), Keyword(id=1241084434733126261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=红曲菌), Keyword(id=1241084434817012348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=碳甲基转移酶), Keyword(id=1241084434959618690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=AlphaFold 2), Keyword(id=1241084435081253512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=分子对接)], refs=[Reference(id=1241084439351055200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=5, issue=13, pageStart=2010, pageEnd=2026, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=COX RJ.Polyketides, proteins and genes in fungi: programmed nano-machines begin to reveal their secrets[J].Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry,2007,5(13):2010-2026., articleTitle=Polyketides, proteins and genes in fungi: programmed nano-machines begin to reveal their secrets, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084439460107112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1038/nrmicro2465, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=8, issue=12, pageStart=879, pageEnd=889, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=Nature Reviews Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CRAWFORD JM, TOWNSEND CA.New insights into the formation of fungal aromatic polyketides[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2010,8(12):879-889., articleTitle=New insights into the formation of fungal aromatic polyketides, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084439552381808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1038/nature08475, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=461, issue=7267, pageStart=1139, pageEnd=1143, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CRAWFORD JM, KORMAN TP, LABONTE JW, VAGSTAD AL, HILL EA, KAMARI-BIDKORPEH O, TSAI SC, TOWNSEND CA.Structural basis for biosynthetic programming of fungal aromatic polyketide cyclization[J].Nature,2009,461(7267):1139-1143., articleTitle=Structural basis for biosynthetic programming of fungal aromatic polyketide cyclization, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084439665628020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=8, issue=2, pageStart=157, pageEnd=178, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=Chemistry & Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NICHOLSON TP, RUDD BAM, DAWSON M, LAZARUS CM, SIMPSON TJ, COX RJ.Design and utility of oligonucleotide gene probes for fungal polyketide synthases[J].Chemistry & Biology,2001,8(2):157-178., articleTitle=Design and utility of oligonucleotide gene probes for fungal polyketide synthases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084439925674878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=103, issue=45, pageStart=16728, pageEnd=16733, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CRAWFORD JM, DANCY BCR, HILL EA, UDWARY DW, TOWNSEND CA.Identification of a starter unit acyl-carrier protein transacylase domain in an iterative type Ⅰ polyketide synthase[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2006,103(45):16728-16733., articleTitle=Identification of a starter unit acyl-carrier protein transacylase domain in an iterative type Ⅰ polyketide synthase, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084440030532482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1039/c0cc01162b, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=46, issue=29, pageStart=5331, pageEnd=5333, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=Chemical Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FISCH KM, SKELLAM E, IVISON D, COX RJ, BAILEY AM, LAZARUS CM, SIMPSON TJ.Catalytic role of the C-terminal domains of a fungal non-reducing polyketide synthase[J].Chemical Communications,2010,46(29):5331-5333., articleTitle=Catalytic role of the C-terminal domains of a fungal non-reducing polyketide synthase, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084440135390089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1021/ol303328t, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=15, issue=4, pageStart=756, pageEnd=759, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=Organic Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YEH HH, CHANG SL, CHIANG YM, BRUNO KS, OAKLEY BR, WU TK, WANG CCC.Engineering fungal nonreducing polyketide synthase by heterologous expression and domain swapping[J].Organic Letters,2013,15(4):756-759., articleTitle=Engineering fungal nonreducing polyketide synthase by heterologous expression and domain swapping, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084440269607828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1094/MPMI-09-14-0261-FI, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=28, issue=3, pageStart=232, pageEnd=248, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions: MPMI, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BALLESTER AR, MARCET-HOUBEN M, LEVIN E, SELA N, SELMA-LÁZARO C, CARMONA L, WISNIEWSKI M, DROBY S, GONZÁLEZ-CANDELAS L, GABALDÓN T.Genome, transcriptome, and functional analyses ofPenicillium expansum provide new insights into secondary metabolism and pathogenicity[J].Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions: MPMI,2015,28(3):232-248., articleTitle=Genome, transcriptome, and functional analyses ofPenicillium expansum provide new insights into secondary metabolism and pathogenicity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084441787945886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1039/C7SC00475C, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=8, issue=7, pageStart=4917, pageEnd=4925, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=Chemical Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN WP, CHEN RF, LIU QP, HE Y, HE K, DING XL, KANG LJ, GUO XX, XIE NN, ZHOU YX, LU YY, COX RJ, MOLNáR I, LI M, SHAO YC, CHEN FS.Orange, red, yellow: biosynthesis of azaphilone pigments inMonascus fungi[J].Chemical Science,2017,8(7):4917-4925., articleTitle=Orange, red, yellow: biosynthesis of azaphilone pigments inMonascus fungi, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084441892803492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1039/C5SC04027B, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=7, issue=3, pageStart=2119, pageEnd=2127, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=Chemical Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HE Y, COX RJ.The molecular steps of citrinin biosynthesis in fungi[J].Chemical Science,2016,7(3):2119-2127., articleTitle=The molecular steps of citrinin biosynthesis in fungi, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084441989272489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1021/jf801817q, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=56, issue=21, pageStart=9981, pageEnd=9989, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MAPARI SAS, HANSEN ME, MEYER AS, THRANE U.Computerized screening for novel producers ofMonascus-like food pigments inPenicillium species[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2008,56(21):9981-9989., articleTitle=Computerized screening for novel producers ofMonascus-like food pigments inPenicillium species, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084442098324400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1039/D0NP00080A, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=6, pageStart=1058, pageEnd=1071, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=Natural Product Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PAVESI C, FLON V, MANN S, LELEU S, PRADO S, FRANCK X.Biosynthesis of azaphilones: a review[J].Natural Product Reports,2021,38(6):1058-1071., articleTitle=Biosynthesis of azaphilones: a review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084442198987707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1002/cbic.202100240, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=22, issue=21, pageStart=3027, pageEnd=3036, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=ChemBioChem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WILLIAMS K, GRECO C, BAILEY AM, WILLIS CL.Core steps to the azaphilone family of fungal natural products[J].ChemBioChem,2021,22(21):3027-3036., articleTitle=Core steps to the azaphilone family of fungal natural products, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084442287068095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1039/C8NP00060C, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=36, issue=4, pageStart=561, pageEnd=572, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=Natural Product Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN WP, FENG YL, MOLNáR I, CHEN FS.Nature and nurture: confluence of pathway determinism with metabolic and chemical serendipity diversifiesMonascus azaphilone pigments[J].Natural Product Reports,2019,36(4):561-572., articleTitle=Nature and nurture: confluence of pathway determinism with metabolic and chemical serendipity diversifiesMonascus azaphilone pigments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084442379342789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1039/c2np20029e, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=29, issue=10, pageStart=1238, pageEnd=1250, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=Natural Product Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LISCOMBE DK, LOUIE GV, NOEL JP.Architectures, mechanisms and molecular evolution of natural product methyltransferases[J].Natural Product Reports,2012,29(10):1238-1250., articleTitle=Architectures, mechanisms and molecular evolution of natural product methyltransferases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084442480006090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1038/s41467-021-24846-7, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=null, pageStart=4499, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI PW, CHEN M, TANG W, GUO ZY, ZHANG YW, WANG M, HORSMAN GP, ZHONG J, LU ZX, CHEN YH.Initiating polyketide biosynthesis by on-line methyl esterification[J].Nature Communications,2021,12:4499., articleTitle=Initiating polyketide biosynthesis by on-line methyl esterification, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084442568086481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.01.008, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=24, issue=3, pageStart=316, pageEnd=325, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=Cell Chemical Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=STORM PA, HERBST DA, MAIER T, TOWNSEND CA.Functional and structural analysis of programmed C-methylation in the biosynthesis of the fungal polyketide citrinin[J].Cell Chemical Biology,2017,24(3):316-325., articleTitle=Functional and structural analysis of programmed C-methylation in the biosynthesis of the fungal polyketide citrinin, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084442727470042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1021/acschembio.8b00429, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=13, issue=11, pageStart=3043, pageEnd=3048, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=ACS Chemical Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=STORM PA, PAL P, HUITT-ROEHL CR, TOWNSEND CA.Exploring fungal polyketide C-methylation through combinatorial domain swaps[J].ACS Chemical Biology,2018,13(11):3043-3048., articleTitle=Exploring fungal polyketide C-methylation through combinatorial domain swaps, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084442828133343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1021/jacs.5b11814, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=137, issue=50, pageStart=15688, pageEnd=15691, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=Journal of the American Chemical Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CACHO RA, THUSS J, XU W, SANICHAR R, GAO ZZ, NGUYEN A, VEDERAS JC, TANG Y.Understanding programming of fungal iterative polyketide synthases: the biochemical basis for regioselectivity by the methyltransferase domain in the lovastatin megasynthase[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2015,137(50):15688-15691., articleTitle=Understanding programming of fungal iterative polyketide synthases: the biochemical basis for regioselectivity by the methyltransferase domain in the lovastatin megasynthase, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084442932990947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1126/science.abn5795, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=374, issue=6574, pageStart=1415, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=THORP HH.Proteins, proteins everywhere[J].Science,2021,374(6574):1415., articleTitle=Proteins, proteins everywhere, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084443016877028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=596, issue=7873, pageStart=583, pageEnd=589, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JUMPER J, EVANS R, PRITZEL A, GREEN T, FIGURNOV M, RONNEBERGER O, TUNYASUVUNAKOOL K, BATES R, ŽÍDEK A, POTAPENKO A, BRIDGLAND A, MEYER C, KOHL SAA, BALLARD AJ, COWIE A, ROMERA-PAREDES B, NIKOLOV S, JAIN R, ADLER J, BACK T, et al.Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold[J].Nature,2021,596(7873):583-589., articleTitle=Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084443096568806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1093/nar/gkab1061, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=D1, pageStart=D439, pageEnd=D444, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=Nucleic Acids Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VARADI M, ANYANGO S, DESHPANDE M, NAIR S, NATASSIA C, YORDANOVA G, YUAN D, STROE O, WOOD G, LAYDON A, ŽÍDEK A, GREEN T, TUNYASUVUNAKOOL K, PETERSEN S, JUMPER J, CLANCY E, GREEN R, VORA A, LUTFI M, FIGURNOV M, et al.AlphaFold protein structure database: massively expanding the structural coverage of protein-sequence space with high-accuracy models[J].Nucleic Acids Research,2022,50(D1):D439-D444., articleTitle=AlphaFold protein structure database: massively expanding the structural coverage of protein-sequence space with high-accuracy models, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084443180454891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1002/med.20067, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=26, issue=5, pageStart=531, pageEnd=568, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=Medicinal Research Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALONSO H, BLIZNYUK AA, GREADY JE.Combining docking and molecular dynamic simulations in drug design[J].Medicinal Research Reviews,2006,26(5):531-568., articleTitle=Combining docking and molecular dynamic simulations in drug design, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084443251758065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03410, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=70, issue=28, pageStart=8725, pageEnd=8737, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FU X, ZAN XY, SUN L, TAN M, CUI FJ, LIANG YY, MENG LJ, SUN WJ.Functional characterization and structural basis of the β-1,3-glucan synthase CMGLS from mushroomCordyceps militaris[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2022,70(28):8725-8737., articleTitle=Functional characterization and structural basis of the β-1,3-glucan synthase CMGLS from mushroomCordyceps militaris, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084443356615670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03758, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=70, issue=33, pageStart=10170, pageEnd=10181, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO W, ZHANG Y, CHEN L, LIU XY, LI K, HAN LJ, YU ZW, REN JZ, TANG LF, FAN ZJ.Novel[1,2,4]-triazolo[3,4-b]-[1,3,4]thiadizoles as potent pyruvate kinase inhibitors for fungal control[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2022,70(33):10170-10181., articleTitle=Novel[1,2,4]-triazolo[3,4-b]-[1,3,4]thiadizoles as potent pyruvate kinase inhibitors for fungal control, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084443444696060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.3390/ijms23063335, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=23, issue=6, pageStart=3335, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=International Journal of Molecular Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KRZEMIŃSKA A, KWIATOS N, ARENHART SOARES F, STEINBÜCHEL A.Theoretical studies of cyanophycin dipeptides as inhibitors of tyrosinases[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2022,23(6):3335., articleTitle=Theoretical studies of cyanophycin dipeptides as inhibitors of tyrosinases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084443532776445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.3389/fmicb.2022.1024639, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=1024639, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=Frontiers in Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAI GQ, ZHANG ZY, DONG CJ.Mutagenesis and functional analysis of SotB: a multidrug transporter of the major facilitator superfamily fromEscherichia coli[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2022,13:1024639., articleTitle=Mutagenesis and functional analysis of SotB: a multidrug transporter of the major facilitator superfamily fromEscherichia coli, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084443654410244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1093/molbev/msw054, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=33, issue=7, pageStart=1870, pageEnd=1874, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=Molecular Biology and Evolution, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KUMAR S, STECHER G, TAMURA K.MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets[J].Molecular Biology and Evolution,2016,33(7):1870-1874., articleTitle=MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084443755073546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1093/nar/gkac993, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=51, issue=D1, pageStart=D418, pageEnd=D427, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=Nucleic Acids Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PAYSAN-LAFOSSE T, BLUM M, CHUGURANSKY S, GREGO T, PINTO BL, SALAZAR GA, BILESCHI ML, BORK P, BRIDGE A, COLWELL L, GOUGH J, HAFT DH, LETUNIĆ I, MARCHLER-BAUER A, MI HY, NATALE DA, ORENGO CA, PANDURANGAN AP, RIVOIRE C, SIGRIST CJA, et al.InterPro in 2022[J].Nucleic Acids Research,2023,51(D1):D418-D427., articleTitle=InterPro in 2022, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084443918651407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=28, issue=12, pageStart=1647, pageEnd=1649, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=Bioinformatics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KEARSE M, MOIR R, WILSON A, STONES-HAVAS S, CHEUNG M, STURROCK S, BUXTON S, COOPER A, MARKOWITZ S, DURAN C, THIERER T, ASHTON B, MEINTJES P, DRUMMOND A.Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data[J].Bioinformatics,2012,28(12):1647-1649., articleTitle=Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084444006731794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/btu097, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=30, issue=12, pageStart=1771, pageEnd=1773, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=Bioinformatics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PIERCE BG, WIEHE K, HWANG H, KIM BH, VREVEN T, WENG ZP.ZDOCK server: interactive docking prediction of protein-protein complexes and symmetric multimers[J].Bioinformatics,2014,30(12):1771-1773., articleTitle=ZDOCK server: interactive docking prediction of protein-protein complexes and symmetric multimers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084444111589399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.7554/eLife.07454, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=4, issue=null, pageStart=e07454, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=eLife, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VANGONE A, BONVIN AM.Contacts-based prediction of binding affinity in protein-protein complexes[J].eLife,2015,4:e07454., articleTitle=Contacts-based prediction of binding affinity in protein-protein complexes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084444216447004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1038/srep06728, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=4, issue=null, pageStart=6728, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=Scientific Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WOO PCY, LAM CW, TAM EWT, LEE KC, YUNG KKY, LEUNG CKF, SZE KH, LAU SKP, YUEN KY.The biosynthetic pathway for a thousand-year-old natural food colorant and citrinin inPenicillium marneffei[J].Scientific Reports,2014,4:6728., articleTitle=The biosynthetic pathway for a thousand-year-old natural food colorant and citrinin inPenicillium marneffei, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084444321304611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=37, issue=1, pageStart=68, pageEnd=73, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHARMA D, GUPTA C, AGGARWAL S, NAGPAL N.Pigment extraction from fungus for textile dyeing[J].Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research,2012,37(1):68-73., articleTitle=Pigment extraction from fungus for textile dyeing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084444409385000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.3390/toxins9010004, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=9, issue=1, pageStart=4, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=Toxins, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAMARDO LEGGIERI M, DECONTARDI S, BERTUZZI T, PIETRI A, BATTILANI P.Modeling growth and toxin production of toxigenic fungi signaled in cheese under different temperature and water activity regimes[J].Toxins,2016,9(1):4., articleTitle=Modeling growth and toxin production of toxigenic fungi signaled in cheese under different temperature and water activity regimes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084444480688168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1128/AEM.71.7.3453-3457.2005, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=71, issue=7, pageStart=3453, pageEnd=3457, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=Applied and Environmental Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHIMIZU T, KINOSHITA H, ISHIHARA S, SAKAI K, NAGAI S, NIHIRA T.Polyketide synthase gene responsible for citrinin biosynthesis inMonascus purpureus[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2005,71(7):3453-3457., articleTitle=Polyketide synthase gene responsible for citrinin biosynthesis inMonascus purpureus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084444551991339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1021/ja5007299, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=136, issue=20, pageStart=7348, pageEnd=7362, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=Journal of the American Chemical Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NEWMAN AG, VAGSTAD AL, STORM PA, TOWNSEND CA.Systematic domain swaps of iterative, nonreducing polyketide synthases provide a mechanistic understanding and rationale for catalytic reprogramming[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2014,136(20):7348-7362., articleTitle=Systematic domain swaps of iterative, nonreducing polyketide synthases provide a mechanistic understanding and rationale for catalytic reprogramming, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084444656848943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1021/jacs.5b04520, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=137, issue=31, pageStart=9885, pageEnd=9893, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=Journal of the American Chemical Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WINTER JM, CASCIO D, DIETRICH D, SATO M, WATANABE K, SAWAYA MR, VEDERAS JC, TANG Y.Biochemical and structural basis for controlling chemical modularity in fungal polyketide biosynthesis[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2015,137(31):9885-9893., articleTitle=Biochemical and structural basis for controlling chemical modularity in fungal polyketide biosynthesis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084444740735030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=12, issue=null, pageStart=109, pageEnd=119, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BHETARIYA PJ, PRAJAPATI M, BHADURI A, MANDAL RS, VARMA A, MADAN T, SINGH Y, SARMA PU.Phylogenetic and structural analysis of polyketide synthases inAspergilli[J].Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online,2016,12:109-119., articleTitle=Phylogenetic and structural analysis of polyketide synthases inAspergilli, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084446271655995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0109421, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=9, issue=10, pageStart=e109421, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=POUST S, YOON I, ADAMS PD, KATZ L, PETZOLD CJ, KEASLING JD.Understanding the role of histidine in the GHSxG acyltransferase active site motif: evidence for histidine stabilization of the malonyl-enzyme intermediate[J].PLoS One,2014,9(10):e109421., articleTitle=Understanding the role of histidine in the GHSxG acyltransferase active site motif: evidence for histidine stabilization of the malonyl-enzyme intermediate, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084446372319299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1038/srep10463, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=5, issue=null, pageStart=10463, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=Scientific Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU L, ZHANG Z, SHAO CL, WANG JL, BAI H, WANG CY.Bioinformatical analysis of the sequences, structures and functions of fungal polyketide synthase product template domains[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:10463., articleTitle=Bioinformatical analysis of the sequences, structures and functions of fungal polyketide synthase product template domains, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084446456205383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1021/bi902176v, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=49, issue=10, pageStart=2186, pageEnd=2193, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=Biochemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WATTANA-AMORN P, WILLIAMS C, PŁOSKOŃ E, COX RJ, SIMPSON TJ, CROSBY J, CRUMP MP.Solution structure of an acyl carrier protein domain from a fungal type Ⅰ polyketide synthase[J].Biochemistry,2010,49(10):2186-2193., articleTitle=Solution structure of an acyl carrier protein domain from a fungal type Ⅰ polyketide synthase, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084446565257289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=13, issue=6, pageStart=625, pageEnd=636, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=Chemistry & Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEISSMAN KJ, HONG H, POPOVIC B, MEERSMAN F.Evidence for a protein-protein interaction motif on an acyl carrier protein domain from a modular polyketide synthase[J].Chemistry & Biology,2006,13(6):625-636., articleTitle=Evidence for a protein-protein interaction motif on an acyl carrier protein domain from a modular polyketide synthase, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084446678503504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1186/1472-6807-5-1, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=5, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=26, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=BMC Structural Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KOZBIAL PZ, MUSHEGIAN AR.Natural history of S-adenosylmethionine-binding proteins[J].BMC Structural Biology,2005,5(1):1-26., articleTitle=Natural history of S-adenosylmethionine-binding proteins, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084446825304147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU H, BEGLEY T. Comprehensive Natural Products Ⅲ: Chemistry and Biology[M]. Third Edition. United States of America: Elsevier, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084446913384539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=98, issue=20, pageStart=11136, pageEnd=11141, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAITATZIS N, KUNZE B, MÜLLER R.In vitro reconstitution of the myxochelin biosynthetic machinery ofStigmatella aurantiaca Sg a15: biochemical characterization of a reductive release mechanism from nonribosomal peptide synthetases[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2001,98(20):11136-11141., articleTitle=In vitro reconstitution of the myxochelin biosynthetic machinery ofStigmatella aurantiaca Sg a15: biochemical characterization of a reductive release mechanism from nonribosomal peptide synthetases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084447001464927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00045-7, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=326, issue=5, pageStart=1307, pageEnd=1316, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=Journal of Molecular Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=STARK A, SUNYAEV S, RUSSELL RB.A model for statistical significance of local similarities in structure[J].Journal of Molecular Biology,2003,326(5):1307-1316., articleTitle=A model for statistical significance of local similarities in structure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084447085351011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1039/C9SC03173A, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=10, issue=36, pageStart=8478, pageEnd=8489, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=Chemical Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG XL, FRIEDRICH S, YIN S, PIECH O, WILLIAMS K, SIMPSON TJ, COX RJ.Molecular basis of methylation and chain-length programming in a fungal iterative highly reducing polyketide synthase[J].Chemical Science,2019,10(36):8478-8489., articleTitle=Molecular basis of methylation and chain-length programming in a fungal iterative highly reducing polyketide synthase, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084447223763048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1016/j.jmb.2014.04.017, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=426, issue=14, pageStart=2632, pageEnd=2652, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=Journal of Molecular Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KASTRITIS PL, RODRIGUES JPGLM, FOLKERS GE, BOELENS R, BONVIN AMJJ.Proteins feel more than they see: fine-tuning of binding affinity by properties of the non-interacting surface[J].Journal of Molecular Biology,2014,426(14):2632-2652., articleTitle=Proteins feel more than they see: fine-tuning of binding affinity by properties of the non-interacting surface, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084447303454829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1002/prot.10381, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=52, issue=1, pageStart=2, pageEnd=9, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JANIN J, HENRICK K, MOULT J, TEN EYCK L, STERNBERG MJE, VAJDA S, VAKSER I, WODAK SJ.CAPRI: a critical assessment of predicted interactions[J].Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics,2003,52(1):2-9., articleTitle=CAPRI: a critical assessment of predicted interactions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084447378952307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1038/nature05306, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=444, issue=7117, pageStart=279, pageEnd=280, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BLUNDELL TL, FERNÁNDEZ-RECIO J.Brief encounters bolster contacts[J].Nature,2006,444(7117):279-280., articleTitle=Brief encounters bolster contacts, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084447462838391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1142/S0217984921300027, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=35, issue=8, pageStart=2130002, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=Modern Physics Letters B, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MORRIS CJ, DELLA CORTE D.Using molecular docking and molecular dynamics to investigate protein-ligand interactions[J].Modern Physics Letters B,2021,35(8):2130002., articleTitle=Using molecular docking and molecular dynamics to investigate protein-ligand interactions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084447555113082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1021/bi2007614, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=50, issue=36, pageStart=7800, pageEnd=7808, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=Biochemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PENG Y, SARTINI D, POZZI V, WILK D, EMANUELLI M, YEE VC.Structural basis of substrate recognition in human nicotinamide N-methyltransferase[J].Biochemistry,2011,50(36):7800-7808., articleTitle=Structural basis of substrate recognition in human nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084447655776383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1517/17460441.2015.1032936, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=10, issue=5, pageStart=449, pageEnd=461, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GENHEDEN S, RYDE U.The MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA methods to estimate ligand-binding affinities[J].Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery,2015,10(5):449-461., articleTitle=The MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA methods to estimate ligand-binding affinities, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084447756439683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1093/nar/gkaa235, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=48, issue=W1, pageStart=W48, pageEnd=W53, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=Nucleic Acids Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SCHÖNING-STIERAND K, DIEDRICH K, FÄHRROLFES R, FLACHSENBERG F, MEYDER A, NITTINGER E, STEINEGGER R, RAREY M.ProteinsPlus: interactive analysis of protein-ligand binding interfaces[J].Nucleic Acids Research,2020,48(W1):W48-W53., articleTitle=ProteinsPlus: interactive analysis of protein-ligand binding interfaces, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084447844520071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00702, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=58, issue=38, pageStart=3933, pageEnd=3937, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=Biochemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KISHIMOTO S, TSUNEMATSU Y, MATSUSHITA T, HARA K, HASHIMOTO H, TANG Y, WATANABE K.Functional and structural analyses oftrans C-methyltransferase in fungal polyketide biosynthesis[J].Biochemistry,2019,58(38):3933-3937., articleTitle=Functional and structural analyses oftrans C-methyltransferase in fungal polyketide biosynthesis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084447940989068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=8, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=Cell Discovery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAN JJ, LIU FQ, GUAN ZY, YAN XH, JIN XH, WANG Q, WANG ZC, YAN JJ, ZHANG DL, LIU Z, WU S, YIN P.Structural insights into DNA N6-adenine methylation by the MTA1 complex[J].Cell Discovery,2023,9:8., articleTitle=Structural insights into DNA N6-adenine methylation by the MTA1 complex, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241084448008097937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, doi=10.3390/biom12060783, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=6, pageStart=783, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=Biomolecules, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG YX, ALSHAMMARI E, SOBOTA J, YANG A, LI CY, YANG Z.Unique SMYD5 structure revealed by AlphaFold correlates with its functional divergence[J].Biomolecules,2022,12(6):783., articleTitle=Unique SMYD5 structure revealed by AlphaFold correlates with its functional divergence, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241084438742881082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, awardId=31730068, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(31730068), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241084438835155778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, awardId=31730068, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(31730068), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241084438990345036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, awardId=31330059, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(31330059), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241084439099396948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, awardId=31330059, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(31330059), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241084431323156953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241084431331545562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, companyId=1241084431323156953, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241084431339934171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, companyId=1241084431323156953, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 华中农业大学农业微生物资源发掘与利用全国重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430070)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241084432803746274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241084432816329189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, companyId=1241084432803746274, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241084432824717797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, companyId=1241084432803746274, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 华中农业大学食品科学与技术学院, 湖北 武汉 430070)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241084432988295662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241084433021850096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, companyId=1241084432988295662, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241084433038627314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, companyId=1241084432988295662, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中南民族大学药学院, 湖北 武汉 430070)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241084435345494683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Phylogenetic analysis of Mr-PksPT and Mr-PksCT and their homologous proteins. A: Phylogenetic analysis of Mr-PksPT and its homologous proteins. B: Phylogenetic analysis of Mr-PksCT and its homologous proteins. All sequences are indicated by "strain name (NCBI number)"., figureFileSmall=iMegKqcHA6787tnjqiHp0Q==, figureFileBig=eMJv+CLsgC0N9nta3ijnjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241084435416797856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=CN, label=图1, caption=Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT及其同源蛋白的系统发育分析, figureFileSmall=iMegKqcHA6787tnjqiHp0Q==, figureFileBig=eMJv+CLsgC0N9nta3ijnjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241084435509072554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Domain composition of PksPT and PksCT inMonascus spp., figureFileSmall=D8TxDXoR9fWdkB08l24xtw==, figureFileBig=xSmIYtQ7IAN9S5CBjFYs/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241084435592958643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=CN, label=图2, caption=红曲菌中PksPT和PksCT的结构域组成, figureFileSmall=D8TxDXoR9fWdkB08l24xtw==, figureFileBig=xSmIYtQ7IAN9S5CBjFYs/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241084435693621945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Surface charge analysis of domains in Mr-PksPT and Mr-PksCT. A: Charged surfaces of KS, ACP, CMeT, KS+ACP and CMeT+ACP in Mr-PksPT. B: Charged surfaces of KS, ACP, CMeT, KS+ACP and CMeT+ACP in Mr-PksCT. KS, CMeT and ACP are shown in surface view. KS+ACP and CMeT+ACP are presented in semi-transparent surface view mixed with cartoon view. Red represents negative potentials, blue represents positive potentials, and white indicates zero., figureFileSmall=Gi210ZJu3mBiYSgxQo7DaQ==, figureFileBig=tmnQfNLkOS8xeioTlVQiMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241084435798479552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT结构域的表面电荷分析, figureFileSmall=Gi210ZJu3mBiYSgxQo7DaQ==, figureFileBig=tmnQfNLkOS8xeioTlVQiMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241084437283263177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Structural comparison of Mr-PksPT and Mr-PksCT CMeTs. A: Structure of Mr-PksPT CMeT. B: Structure of Mr-PksCT CMeT. C: Superimposed view of Mr-PksPT and Mr-PksCT CMeT. Magenta: N-terminal linkage; Purple: N-terminal subdomain; Yellow: C-terminal subdomain; Green: Core insertion., figureFileSmall=290bjQ5FSx0Wc0XHZ5AEUQ==, figureFileBig=w4P7j5rpqKrEf2Wj4QW1yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241084437367149265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=CN, label=图4, caption=Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksC的CMeTs的结构比较, figureFileSmall=290bjQ5FSx0Wc0XHZ5AEUQ==, figureFileBig=w4P7j5rpqKrEf2Wj4QW1yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241084437467812573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Molecular docking analysis of Mr-PksPT and Mr-PksCT CMeTs with SAM. A: Molecular docking of Mr-PksPT CMeT to SAM. B: Molecular docking of Mr-PksCT CMeT to SAM. C: Superimposed view of Mr-PksPT and Mr-PksCT CMeTs docked with SAM. SAM are modeled as pink sticks and purple sticks in Mr-PksPT and Mr-PksCT CMeTs, respectively. Substrate cavities are represented by a gray mesh., figureFileSmall=2WbdEDMyz8TZnqgb/F1+Yg==, figureFileBig=bQh4dOChc5tGuIQvqdbtRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241084437547504355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=CN, label=图5, caption=Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT的CMeTs与SAM的分子对接分析, figureFileSmall=2WbdEDMyz8TZnqgb/F1+Yg==, figureFileBig=bQh4dOChc5tGuIQvqdbtRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241084437656556268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Analysis of C-methylation programming of Mr-PksPT (A) and Mr-PksCT (B) based on binding free energies., figureFileSmall=+cP3k/oYVCsiph1axcPkdg==, figureFileBig=g3XvbZtZkA6tUaq6Wzb5XA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241084437748830963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=CN, label=图6, caption=基于结合自由能的Mr-PksPT (A)和Mr-PksCT (B)的碳甲基化程序分析, figureFileSmall=+cP3k/oYVCsiph1axcPkdg==, figureFileBig=g3XvbZtZkA6tUaq6Wzb5XA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241084437824328442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=The process of PksPT (A) and PksCT (B) producing the first free product benzaldehyde compound. The solid arrows indicate the specific process and direction of the synthetic process, and the dashed arrows indicate the binding trends and sites of the domains to the substrates. Solid boxes indicate the substrates involved in the reaction, and dashed boxes indicate the cycles of the reaction., figureFileSmall=exDzY9aLb4Onp4s+8VmiZQ==, figureFileBig=W2dLOaiUGynCmCr/k9BhfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241084437933380352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=CN, label=图7, caption=PksPT (A)和PksCT (B)产生第一个游离产物苯甲醛化合物的过程, figureFileSmall=exDzY9aLb4Onp4s+8VmiZQ==, figureFileBig=W2dLOaiUGynCmCr/k9BhfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241084438029849350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Functions, conserved motifs and active sites of domains in Ms-PksPT and Ms-PksCT

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
DomainsFunctionsConserved motifsActive sitesReferences
SATChoose acetyl-CoA as the starting unit and load it into KSvia ACPG129XC131XG133Cys131[38]
KSExtend polyketide intermediates by decarboxylation condensationD80PQXRXML87, G154P(G/S)156, D160TACSSS166, G223YCRGE228, E296AHGTGTXVGDP307, G329SVKGLXGHTE339Cys163, His298, His337[39]
ATChoose malonyl-CoA as the extension unit and load it into ACPG84HSXG88Ser86[40]
PTCatalyze C2–C7 regiospecific monocyclizationH26X9P36, D209X3QX6N220His26, Asp209[41]
ACPActivate and shuttle substratesG27XDSL31Ser30[42-43]
CMeTAdd one or more methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine to α-C of the acceptor substrateI211LEMGXGXGG220, E237YTXTDL(A/S)244, M261KFX3(D/N)IE269, Q280HX3AXNXVH290, S298TX6LR307, D309GFLXXLEM317Tyr178, His290, Glu316[15,44]
RCatalyze the NAD(P)H-dependent reductive releaseG3ATGSLG9, V25VCXNR30, V142GYYPL147, G168YXXAK173, F191XPM194, G234XLSWXP240Tyr169, Lys173[45-46]
), ArticleFig(id=1241084438113735436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Ms-PksPT和Ms-PksCT各结构域的功能、保守基序及其活性位点

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
DomainsFunctionsConserved motifsActive sitesReferences
SATChoose acetyl-CoA as the starting unit and load it into KSvia ACPG129XC131XG133Cys131[38]
KSExtend polyketide intermediates by decarboxylation condensationD80PQXRXML87, G154P(G/S)156, D160TACSSS166, G223YCRGE228, E296AHGTGTXVGDP307, G329SVKGLXGHTE339Cys163, His298, His337[39]
ATChoose malonyl-CoA as the extension unit and load it into ACPG84HSXG88Ser86[40]
PTCatalyze C2–C7 regiospecific monocyclizationH26X9P36, D209X3QX6N220His26, Asp209[41]
ACPActivate and shuttle substratesG27XDSL31Ser30[42-43]
CMeTAdd one or more methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine to α-C of the acceptor substrateI211LEMGXGXGG220, E237YTXTDL(A/S)244, M261KFX3(D/N)IE269, Q280HX3AXNXVH290, S298TX6LR307, D309GFLXXLEM317Tyr178, His290, Glu316[15,44]
RCatalyze the NAD(P)H-dependent reductive releaseG3ATGSLG9, V25VCXNR30, V142GYYPL147, G168YXXAK173, F191XPM194, G234XLSWXP240Tyr169, Lys173[45-46]
), ArticleFig(id=1241084438206010131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Similarity comparison between Mr-PksPT and Mr-PksCT and their respective domains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Mr-PksPT/Mr-PksCTCoverage (%)Identity (%)RMSD (Å)
SAT9941.900.811
KS10070.530.270
AT10054.310.513
PT10041.750.676
ACP1/ACP9848.481.299
ACP2/ACP7633.331.214
CMeT9651.770.725
R10059.180.450
PksPT/PksCT9850.2312.426
), ArticleFig(id=1241084438302479130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT及其各对应结构域间的相似性比对

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Mr-PksPT/Mr-PksCTCoverage (%)Identity (%)RMSD (Å)
SAT9941.900.811
KS10070.530.270
AT10054.310.513
PT10041.750.676
ACP1/ACP9848.481.299
ACP2/ACP7633.331.214
CMeT9651.770.725
R10059.180.450
PksPT/PksCT9850.2312.426
), ArticleFig(id=1241084438419919651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Properties of domain interactions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PropertiesPksPTPksCT
KS-ACPCMeT-ACPKS-ACPCMeT-ACP
ICs_total998468117
ICs_charged/charged3758
ICs_charged/polar11798
ICs_charged/apolar14231621
ICs_polar/polar50213
ICs_apolar/polar29121836
ICs_apolar/apolar37351831
NIS_apolar (%)40.3738.8538.6141.72
BA (kcal/mol)−12.2−10.0−10.7−12.2
KD (mol/L)1.2×10−94.9×10−81.4×10−81.2×10−9
), ArticleFig(id=1241084438516388649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1241045266007126120, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

结构域相互作用的特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PropertiesPksPTPksCT
KS-ACPCMeT-ACPKS-ACPCMeT-ACP
ICs_total998468117
ICs_charged/charged3758
ICs_charged/polar11798
ICs_charged/apolar14231621
ICs_polar/polar50213
ICs_apolar/polar29121836
ICs_apolar/apolar37351831
NIS_apolar (%)40.3738.8538.6141.72
BA (kcal/mol)−12.2−10.0−10.7−12.2
KD (mol/L)1.2×10−94.9×10−81.4×10−81.2×10−9
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1192105720683257860, delFlag=0, nameCn=微生物学报, nameEn=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0001-6209, eissn=null, cn=11-1995/Q, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=tNA7JigLZj/rxynSmzKgDQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1762149752067, updatedTime=1762150746905, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=tNA7JigLZj/rxynSmzKgDQ==, picEn=R/d5eSUu8/o5mAGWCF3M5Q==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1192109893441171829, language=CN, name=微生物学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1762150746928, updatedTime=1762150746928, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/author/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/editor/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/reviewer/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1192109893512474998, language=EN, name=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1762150746944, updatedTime=1762150746944, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/author/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/editor/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/reviewer/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1192105938417971205, websiteList=[Website(id=1192106105867223981, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1192105938417971205, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1762149843899, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1762149888800, updateBy=18614031015, name=微生物学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=微生物学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1192107120863626198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1762150085893, updateTime=1762150085893, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120834266067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1762150085886, updateTime=1762150085886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120892986329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1762150085900, updateTime=1762150085900, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120825877458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=FOz4Ks7dC79FYnCEBIlMdw==, createTime=1762150085884, updateTime=1762150085884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120905569243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1762150085903, updateTime=1762150085903, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120846848981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1762150085889, updateTime=1762150085889, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120897180634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1762150085901, updateTime=1762150085901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120842654676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1762150085888, updateTime=1762150085888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120872014807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1762150085895, updateTime=1762150085895, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120880403416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1762150085897, updateTime=1762150085897, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1192106106018218929, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1192105938417971205, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1762149843935, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1762149925242, updateBy=18614031015, name=微生物学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1192107140455220192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1762150090564, updateTime=1762150090564, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140434248669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1762150090559, updateTime=1762150090559, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140476191715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1762150090569, updateTime=1762150090569, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140425860060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=FOz4Ks7dC79FYnCEBIlMdw==, createTime=1762150090557, updateTime=1762150090557, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140484580325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1762150090571, updateTime=1762150090571, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140451025887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1762150090563, updateTime=1762150090563, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140480386020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1762150090570, updateTime=1762150090570, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140442637278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1762150090561, updateTime=1762150090561, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140463608801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1762150090566, updateTime=1762150090566, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140467803106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1762150090567, updateTime=1762150090567, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=微生物学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=tNA7JigLZj/rxynSmzKgDQ==, journalPhotoEn=R/d5eSUu8/o5mAGWCF3M5Q==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230338, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/EN/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230338, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/PDF/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230338, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/EN/PDF/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230338, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于AlphaFold 2和分子对接探讨非还原型聚酮合酶的碳甲基化程序
收藏切换
PDF下载
廖世玉 1, 2 , 刘庆培 3 , 陈福生 1, 2, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024,64(1): 143-160
收起
收藏切换
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2024, 64(1): 143-160
基于AlphaFold 2和分子对接探讨非还原型聚酮合酶的碳甲基化程序
全屏
廖世玉1, 2, 刘庆培3, 陈福生1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1 华中农业大学农业微生物资源发掘与利用全国重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430070
  • 2 华中农业大学食品科学与技术学院, 湖北 武汉 430070
  • 3 中南民族大学药学院, 湖北 武汉 430070
C-methylation programming of non-reducing polyketide synthases: based on AlphaFold 2 and molecular docking
Shiyu LIAO1, 2, Qingpei LIU3, Fusheng CHEN1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • 2 College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • 3 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
出版时间: 2024-01-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230338
文章导航
收藏切换

【目的】探讨非还原型聚酮合酶(non-reducing polyketide synthase, NR-Pks)的碳甲基化程序差异的原因。【方法】以红色红曲菌(Monascusruber) M7中红曲色素和桔霉素的NR-Pks为研究对象,采用生物信息学方法和AlphaFold 2软件,分析了这两种NR-Pks及其各结构域的序列和结构差异。再基于分子对接等技术,比较了它们的碳甲基转移酶结构域(C-methyltransferase domain, CMeT)分别与其他结构域及其中间产物的结合特征。【结果】两种NR-Pks各结构域的序列和结构相似性高,但其整体结构差异大,表明碳甲基化差异可能源于结构域互作差异。进一步分析发现,桔霉素Pks的CMeT比红曲色素Pks的更容易结合携带底物的酰基载体蛋白结构域(acyl carrier protein, ACP),使其中间产物更容易受到CMeT催化。CMeT和β-酮酰基合成酶结构域(β-ketosynthase domain, KS)相比,与甲基受体底物的结合自由能更低。【结论】NR-Pks中的CMeT能通过与KS竞争,从而影响其产物的碳甲基化程度。研究结果为Pks的碳甲基化程序研究提供了新思路。

非还原型聚酮合酶  /  红曲菌  /  碳甲基转移酶  /  AlphaFold 2  /  分子对接

[Objective] To explore the reasons for differences in the C-methylation programming of non-reducing polyketide synthases (NR-Pkss).[Methods] We used bioinformatics tools and AlphaFold 2 to compare the domain sequences and structures of the NR-Pkss involved in the synthesis ofMonascus pigment and citrinin inMonascus ruber M7, i.e., Mr-PksPT and Mr-PksCT. Furthermore, we employed molecular docking to compare the binding of C-methyltransferase domains (CMeTs) with other domains and the intermediates of the two NR-Pkss.[Results] The large differences of the overall structure and the high similarity of domain sequence and structure between the two NR-Pkss suggested that the differences of C-methylation programming between NR-Pkss may be resulted from domain interactions. The CMeT of Mr-PksCT was more likely to bind to the acyl carrier protein (ACP) carrying the substrate than that of Mr-PksPT, making the intermediate more easily catalyzed by CMeT. Moreover, CMeT had lower binding free energy to methyl receptor substrate than theβ-ketosynthase domain (KS).[Conclusion] The CMeTs of NR-Pkss can affect the C-methylation of the products by competing with KS. The findings provide a new idea for the study of C-methylation programming of Pkss.

non-reducing polyketide synthase  /  Monascus spp.  /  C-methyltransferase  /  AlphaFold 2  /  molecular docking
廖世玉, 刘庆培, 陈福生. 基于AlphaFold 2和分子对接探讨非还原型聚酮合酶的碳甲基化程序. 微生物学报, 2024 , 64 (1) : 143 -160 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230338
Shiyu LIAO, Qingpei LIU, Fusheng CHEN. C-methylation programming of non-reducing polyketide synthases: based on AlphaFold 2 and molecular docking[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (1) : 143 -160 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230338
真菌迭代Ⅰ型聚酮合酶(iterative type Ⅰ polyketide synthase, Pks)是包含多个结构域的复合酶[1]。它以乙酰或/和丙二酰等为底物,通过重复利用其不同结构域,逐步延伸碳链长度,形成聚酮化合物(polyketide, Pk)[2]。根据Pks结构域的不同,可分为非还原型Pks (non-reduced Pks, NR-Pks)、部分还原型Pks (partially reduced Pks)和高度还原型Pks (highly reduced Pks)[3-4]。其中,NR-Pks的基本结构域通常包括起始单元酰基载体蛋白转酰酶(starter unit: acyl-carrier protein transacylase, SAT)、β-酮酰基合成酶(β-ketosynthase, KS)、酰基转移酶(acyl transferase, AT)、产物模板(product template, PT)和酰基载体蛋白(acyl carrier protein, ACP)[3,5]。有些NR-Pks还包括碳甲基转移酶(C-methyltransferase, CMeT),以及释放结构域——硫酯酶(thioesterase)、克莱森环化酶(Claisen cyclase)或者还原酶(reductase, R)[6-7]
红曲色素(Monascus pigments, MPs)和桔霉素(Citrinin, CIT)是由红曲菌(Monascus spp.)和青霉(Penicillium spp.)等丝状真菌产生的典型PK[8-11]。合成MPs的Pks (Pks of MPs, PksPT)和CIT的Pks (Pks of CIT, PksCT)均属于NR-Pks,它们的结构域组成完全一致,且产生的第一个游离PK均为苯甲醛类(benzaldehyde, BA)化合物[12-13],但BA甲基化程度不同,PksPT产生的BA仅甲基化1次而PksCT的甲基化3次[PksPT和PksCT的结构域组成和产物结构等数据已提交到国家微生物科学数据中心(National Microbial Data Center, NMDC),见NMDCX0000225中的图S1][10,14]
天然产物的甲基化是其结构和功能等多样性形成的重要机理之一[15]。根据甲基受体原子的不同,甲基化可分为氧甲基化、氮甲基化、碳甲基化和硫甲基化[16]。PksPT和PksCT产生的BA的甲基化均发生在碳原子上,所以属于碳甲基化。关于Pks产物(指Pks产生的第一个游离产物,下同)的碳甲基化过程目前认为是发生在碳链的延长过程中,而不是发生在PK产物从Pks上释放之后[17-18]。Storm等[17]通过对PksCT结构域的解构和重组实验发现,PksCT产物BA的碳甲基化仅发生在碳链延伸过程中,且碳链延伸离不开正确的碳甲基化。随后,他们通过对来自紫色红曲菌(M.purpureus)的PksCT (Q65Z23)、短密青霉(Penicillium brevicompactum)的MpaC (F1DBA9)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)的DtbA[7],以及构巢曲霉(A.nidulans)的PkeA (Q5AUX7)、AusA (Q5ATJ7)和PkbA (Q5AZ32),共6种NR-Pks的CMeT结构域交换和体外酶学等实验发现,CMeT浓度高低可调控产物的碳甲基化程度,并发现产物甲基化程度可能与Pks中间产物碳链延伸过程中CMeT与KS结构域的动力学平衡(竞争性)相关[18]。在洛伐他汀(lovastatin) Pks (一种高度还原型Pks)产物的甲基化研究中也发现,Pks产物的甲基化程度可能也与CMeT和酮基还原酶(ketoreductase, KR)之间竞争性相关[19]。但是甲基化具体机理目前仍不清楚。
以上关于Pks产物甲基化的研究都是通过对CMeT的蛋白晶体结构分析等获得的。由于CMeT等蛋白晶体及其结构信息等的获得非常繁琐且困难,所以到目前为止(2023年4月底)在蛋白质数据库(Protein Data Bank, PDB)中已公布的Pks的CMeT晶体结构信息仅为11个,其中来自丝状真菌的只有4个(见NMDCX0000225中的表S1),这在很大程度上限制了关于Pks的CMeT在Pks产物甲基化过程中作用的深入研究。非常幸运的是,最近采用AlphaFold 2软件预测蛋白质的三维结构取得了长足进步,采用AlphaFold 2预测蛋白质结构的技术位也被列2021年“十大科学突破进展”之首[20]。目前AlphaFold 2预测的蛋白质结构数据库(AlphaFold protein structure database, AlphaFold DB)已包含了超过2亿个蛋白质的预测结构[21-22]。此外,分子对接(molecular docking)技术是研究分子间(如配体和受体)相互作用,并预测其结合自由能的一种理论模拟方法,常用于计算机辅助药物设计领域[23]。采用AlphaFold 2软件结合分子对接技术,可以很好地分析蛋白质与底物、蛋白质与蛋白质的结合特征等[24-27]
尽管关于PksCT产物BA的碳甲基化程序(只有延伸碳链的特定位置才可以发生碳甲基化)已有相关的研究报道[17],但与PksCT同属于NR-Pks,结构域组成完全相同(图S1),产物也为BA的PksPT的碳甲基化程序,以及PksCT和PksPT产物的甲基化差异等目前还未见相关研究报道。因此,本研究首先以生物信息学方法,对真菌中的PksPT和PksCT分别进行了聚类分析,并对PksPT和PksCT的结构域组成和氨基酸序列的保守性进行了比较,然后以AlphaFold 2预测和分析了红色红曲菌M7的PksPT和PksCT (Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT)及其各结构域的三维结构。在此基础上,以分子对接与自由能评估,比较了Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT在碳链延伸过程中的中间产物与CMeT和KS结构域等的结合效率,探讨了Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT产物的碳甲基化差异的形成机理,并提出了Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT产物BA的形成过程。
Pks系统发育树的构建:采用MEGA 7.0软件[28],基于邻接法构建来自真菌且分别与Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT同源的PksPT和PksCT的系统发育树。建树的检验方法为步长检验,检验次数设定为1 000次。
Pks保守结构域的预测:利用InterPro 92.0[29]对文中涉及的PksPT和PksCT进行保守结构域的预测。
结构域的多序列比对:采用Geneious 10.2.2软件[30]对PksPT和PksCT中各结构域进行多序列比对。
蛋白质三维结构预测:利用AlphaFold 2[21]对PksPT和PksCT及其各结构域进行蛋白质三维结构预测。
分子对接:采用Schrödinger 12.8软件中的Glide XP进行分子对接,再进一步通过Prime MM/GBSA进行结合自由能计算。
蛋白质对接:利用ZDOCK 3.0.2[31]进行蛋白质对接,再进一步通过Prodigy[32]对蛋白质复合物进行特性分析。
蛋白质三维结构可视化:Pymol 2.5.4 (https://pymol.org/#download)。
基于红色红曲菌M7中Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT的氨基酸序列,以BLASTp对NCBI数据库中截至2023年4月已发布的4 415株真菌基因组(包括16株已公布的红曲菌基因组)和本实验室已完成测序还未公布的5株红曲菌基因组(表S2,见国家微生物科学数据中心,编号NMDCX0000225),进行同源性比对,分别发现了106条和73条Mr-PksPT与Mr-PksCT的同源序列(identity > 50%, coverage > 90%,E-value=0) (表S3和S4,见国家微生物科学数据中心,编号NMDCX0000225)。它们的系统发育树见图1
图1A可知,PksPT主要存在于红曲菌、篮状菌(Talaromece spp.)、炭团菌(Hypoxylon spp.)和球孢子菌(Coccidioides spp.)等真菌中。其系统发育树包括3个分支,第Ⅰ分支包含MPs主要生产菌株红曲菌、篮状菌和曲霉(Aspergillus spp.)[9,12,33];第Ⅱ分支和第Ⅲ分支主要包括球炭团菌、孢子菌和木霉菌(Trichoderma spp.),与MPs主要生产菌株在生物分类学中关系较远[12,34]。每个分支中又可进一步分为不同的亚分支。其中,21株红曲菌以100%的置信度聚集于Ⅰ1亚分支,而谢瓦氏曲霉(A.chevalieri)一个菌株单独位于I3亚分支。由图1B可知,PksCT主要存在于红曲菌、青霉菌和曲霉等真菌中。其系统发育树包括4个分支,第Ⅰ分支包括74条PksCT序列中的64条,红曲菌、青霉菌和曲霉等CIT的主要生产菌株均位于第Ⅰ分支中[10,35-36]。第Ⅰ分支又可下分为不同亚分支。其中,13株红曲菌以95%的置信度聚集于Ⅰ1亚分支,而其他8株红曲菌中不存在PksCT的同源基因(表S5,见国家微生物科学数据中心,编号NMDCX0000225)。第Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅵ分支包含的PksCT序列均较少,菌株主要为木霉菌、假裸囊菌(Pseudogymnoascus spp.)等真菌,与CIT主要生产菌株的亲缘关系较远。
上述聚类分析结果表明,不同红曲菌PksPT的起源(来源)可能相同,而红曲菌PksCT的起源可能存在差异。
根据红曲菌的PksPT和PksCT (Ms-PksPT和Ms-PksCT),分别与红色红曲菌M7中Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT序列相比较的覆盖度(coverage)、一致性(identity)和氨基酸数量(length)的异同,将21条Ms-PksPT和13条Ms-PksCT分别分为5类(Ms-PksPT 1−5)和5类(Ms-PksCT 1−5),其中,Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT分别包含在Ms-PksPT1和Ms-PksCT1中(见NMDCX0000225中的表S6和S7)。各类Ms-PksPT和Ms-PksCT的结构域见图2
图2可知,Ms-PksPT和Ms-PksCT的结构域组成均为SAT-KS-AT-PT-(ACP)n-CMeT-R (Ms-PksPT中n=2,PksCT中n=1)。但在Ms-PksPT中,Ms-PksPT5缺少SAT结构域,理论上其不能合成MPs[5],值得进一步研究。另外,Ms-PksPT均含有2个串联ACP,串联ACP可能具有更高的MPs合成效率[37]。对于Ms-PksCT,除Ms-PksCT2、Ms-PksCT3和Ms-PksCT5没有SAT结构域外,其他Ms-PksCT的结构域组成相同。
表1可知,进一步对Ms-PksPT 1−5和Ms-PksCT 1−5中各结构域的氨基酸数量(表S8,见国家微生物科学数据中心,编号NMDCX0000225)、保守氨基酸序列(基序)和活性位点(图S2,见国家微生物科学数据中心,编号NMDCX0000225)进行比较。其中,只有Ms-PksCT3的释放结构域R的氨基酸数量偏小,其余所有的Ms-PksPT和Ms-PksCT各结构域之间的氨基酸数量差异不明显。此外,Ms-PksPT和Ms-PksCT中SAT结构域的保守氨基酸序列均为G129XC131XG133,活性位点为半胱氨酸,氨基酸侧链为巯基;KS结构域的保守氨基酸序列均为motif Ⅰ−Ⅵ,活性位点为催化三联体Cys163-His298-His337;AT结构域的保守氨基酸序列均为G84HSXG88,活性位点为丝氨酸,氨基酸侧链为羟基;PT结构域的保守氨基酸序列均为motif Ⅰ−Ⅱ,活性位点为His26和Asp209;ACP结构域的保守氨基酸序列均为G27XDSL31,是磷酸泛酰巯基乙胺的结合位点,活性位点是丝氨酸;CMeT结构域的保守氨基酸序列均为motif Ⅰ−Ⅵ,是S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(S-adenosylmethionine, SAM)的结合位点,活性位点为催化三联体Tyr178-His290-Glu316;R结构域的保守氨基酸序列均为motif Ⅰ−Ⅵ,是NAD(P)H结合位点,活性位点为Tyr169和Lys173
总之,Ms-PksPT和Ms-PksCT各结构域之间的保守氨基酸序列和活性位点相同。
蛋白质三维结构的相似性常采用均方根偏差(root mean square deviation, RMSD)值来衡量,RMSD值越小则相似性越高。通常如果2个蛋白质结构之间的RMSD值小于2 Å,则可认为2个蛋白质的差异不明显,相似性好[47]。采用AlphaFold 2软件分别对红色红曲菌M7的Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT及其结构域的三维结构进行预测(图S3,见国家微生物科学数据中心,编号NMDCX0000225),并通过RMSD值对三维结构相似性进行了比较(表2)。
表2可知,Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT中各结构域比较的RMSD值均小于2 Å,说明PksPT和PksCT中各结构域的三维结构差异不明显,但是Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT整体三维结构比较的RMSD值为12.426 Å,远远大于2 Å,表明Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT的三维结构之间差异明显。这也说明Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT三维结构之间的差异主要可能源于结构域之间的位置分布和相互作用等,而不是结构域本身的三维结构[48]。这表明Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT产物的碳甲基化差异,可能与它们的CMeT和KS对ACP上中间产物(底物)的竞争力大小以及各结构域之间的互作相关。
蛋白质间的静电相互作用、互作界面的残基连接(inter-residue contacts, ICs)以及非互作表面(non-interacting surface, NIS)残基性质等均是影响蛋白质相互作用的主要因素[49-51],而蛋白质互作的强弱常用结合亲和力(binding affinity, BA)或者平衡解离常数(equilibrium dissociation constant, KD)来描述[32]。影响Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT产物甲基化程序的结构域(蛋白质)主要包括ACP、KS和CMeT[18],所以首先通过静电势能图,分析比较了Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT的ACP、KS和CMeT结构域的表面电荷差异,结果见图3
图3可知,Mr-PksCT的CMeT结构域的底物结合口袋入口表面(图3B)比Mr-PksPT的(图3A)带有更多正电荷,且Mr-PksCT的ACP结构域底物结合口袋的入口表面(图3B)比Mr-PksPT的(图3A)带有更多带负电荷,根据正负电荷相互吸引的原理,Mr-PksCT的CMeT与其ACP更容易结合。也就是说从ACP和CMeT结构域底物结合口袋入口处所带的电荷看,Mr-PksCT产物的甲基化比Mr-PksPT的具有更高的效率。但是,PksPT和PksCT的KS结构域底物结合口袋入口表面均带电性弱,所以基于静电相互作用的Mr-PksCT和Mr-PksPT的ACP与其对应的KS结构域的结合情况,还有待进一步研究。
进一步以蛋白质-蛋白质复合物的结合亲和力预测工具Prodigy[32],分别对Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT中KS-ACP和CMeT-ACP相互作用的ICs、NIS残基性质、BA与KD等蛋白复合物的结合特性进行了分析(表3)。其中,ICs类型主要包括带电/带电、带电/极性、带电/非极性、极性/极性、非极性/极性和非极性/非极性连接等。
表3可知,Mr-PksPT中KS-ACP互作比Mr-PksCT中互作的BA和KD都更小,表明Mr-PksPT中KS-ACP互作时形成的蛋白质复合物更稳定,也就说明Mr-PksPT中ACP比Mr-PksCT中的更容易与其对应的KS发生相互作用。其原因包括Mr-PksPT中KS-ACP复合物的残基间连接数更多,以及非互作表面的非极性残基百分比更大。同理,Mr-PksCT中CMeT-ACP互作比Mr-PksCT中互作的BA和KD都更小,表明Mr-PksCT中CMeT-ACP互作时形成的蛋白质复合物更稳定,也就说明Mr-PksCT中ACP比Mr-PksPT中的更容易与其对应的CMeT发生相互作用。其原因包括Mr-PksCT中CMeT-ACP复合物的残基间连接数更多,以及非互作表面的非极性残基百分比更大。其中,ACP与KS、CMeT互作的主要连接残基类型为非极性/非极性和极性/非极性连接,而Mr-PksPT中CMeT-ACP的极性/非极性连接较少,带电/非极性连接较多。此外,CMeT-ACP互作的确比KS-ACP互作有更多的带电残基参与,与图3中对KS底物结合口袋入口处表面电荷少故带电残基连接少的推测一致。
分子对接是研究蛋白质-底物相互作用的有力工具[52]。影响Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT产物碳甲基化程序的分子对接包括CMeT与甲基供体底物SAM的互作,以及CMeT与KS竞争性与Pks产物的互作[18-19]。红色红曲菌M7中Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT的CMeT结构域的三维结构均可被分为N-端连接、N-端亚结构域和C-端亚结构域(图4)。C-端亚结构域有一个罗曼斯折叠,用于结合S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(S-adenosyl methionine, SAM),包括7个标准的β-折叠和分布于两侧的α-螺旋,属于Ⅰ类甲基转移酶[15]。位于C-端亚结构域的核心插入部分构成底物连接口袋的底部。N-端亚结构域为一个未表征的螺旋折叠,像一个盖子覆盖在底物结合口袋上方,发挥底物选择作用[17,53]
将Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT的CMeTs结构域分别与甲基供体底物SAM进行分子对接。Mr-PksPT CMeT中的Asp262对应Mr-PksCT CMeT中的Asn260,与SAM的腺嘌呤基团形成氢键。Mr-PksPT CMeT中的Asp237对应Mr-PksCT CMeT中的Asp235,与SAM的核糖羟基部分形成氢键[15]。Mr-PksPT CMeT中的Thr216对应Mr-PksCT CMeT中的Thr214,与SAM的甲硫氨酸中的氧原子和氮原子形成氢键且后者能形成更多(图5A5B)。由于Mr-PksCT CMeT能与SAM形成更多的氢键,推测其更容易与SAM结合。
再进一步通过分子力学/广义波恩表面积(molecular mechanics/generalized Born surfacearea, MM/GBSA)自由能计算方法预测结合自由能[54],Mr-PksCT CMeT与SAM的结合自由能为−45.66 kcal/mol,小于PksPT CMeT与SAM的结合自由能−37.53 kcal/mol,与上述依据氢键数量推测Mr-PksCT CMeT更容易结合SAM的结论相符,也就说明其更容易将SAM上的甲基转移到聚酮化合物中间体的α-C上。此外,Mr-PksPT CMeT的底物空腔体积被预测为809.79 Å3,深度为24.01 Å,而Mr-PksCT CMeT的底物空腔体积为683.39 Å3,深度为21.95 Å[55],Mr-PksPT的CMeT有一个更大和更深的底物空腔,与能够催化比PksCT CMeT更长的聚酮链的事实一致。
进一步将Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT的CMeT和KS结构域分别与甲基受体底物即Pks中间产物进行分子对接,再通过MM/GBSA自由能计算方法预测结合自由能(图6)。
图6B可知,Mr-PksCT的CMeT与第一轮延伸底物、第二轮延伸底物和第三轮底物的结合自由能分别为−40.74、−46.90、−49.77 kcal/mol,均小于Mr-PksCT的KS与对应底物的结合自由能。假设若底物与某一结构域的结合自由能更小,便会优先选择与其结合并发生反应,则根据假设所得的Mr-PksCT的碳甲基化程序如图6B所示,与Storm等[17]提出的PksCT的碳甲基化程序一致,说明此假设较为合理。于是再将此假设用于分析Mr-PksPT的碳甲基化程序。由图6A可知,Mr-PksPT的CMeT与第四轮延伸后底物的结合自由能为−47.86 kcal/mol,小于Mr-PksPT的KS与对应底物的结合自由能,而与其余底物的结合自由能均大于Mr-PksPT的KS与对应底物的结合自由能,故推测Mr-PksCT的唯一一次碳甲基化发生在第四轮延伸后(图6A),推测结果与已知的产物结构一致。
基于上述分析得到的碳甲基化程序,提出了PksPT和PksCT产生第一个游离产物的过程(图7)。SAT选择乙酰辅酶A作为起始单元,通过ACP转移乙酰基底物到KS。AT选择丙二酰辅酶A作为延伸单元,通过ACP转移丙二酰底物与KS上的乙酰基发生克莱森缩合反应以进行碳链延伸。之后,PksPT会在4轮延伸后进行碳甲基化修饰;而PksCT在前3轮延伸后均发生碳甲基化修饰。再分别进行一次延伸,PT环化,最后由R还原释放。
此外,由于Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT的CMeTs分别对特定底物有显著较小的结合自由能,推测CMeT能特异性识别底物,而PksPT和PksCT产物碳甲基化差异可能就是源于各自CMeT能特异性识别的底物存在差异[19,56]。Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT KS与合成过程中所有酰基底物的结合自由能都始终稳定在较低水平,CMeT只有在识别特异性底物时才具有较小的结合自由能且比KS与该底物的结合自由能更小,以方便底物选择与CMeT结合并发生反应,进一步体现了CMeT与KS在产物合成过程中的竞争关系[18-19]
甲基化是天然产物中常见的现象,但其机理仍不清楚。本文以红色红曲菌M7基因组中结构域组成相同,产物均为BA但甲基化程度不同的2个NR-Pks——Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT为研究对象,通过AlphaFold 2预测Pks及其结构域的三维结构,并结合分子对接技术和结合自由能分析,表明Pks的CMeT结构域通过与KS结构域的竞争,从而影响Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT产物BA的甲基化程度。
基于Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT的聚类、结构域及其氨基酸序列保守性及其结构域的三维结构的相似性比较分析发现,尽管它们的聚类(图1)、结构域组成(图2)及其氨基酸序列保守性(表1)与结构域三维结构的相似性(表2)等非常相似,但是Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT三维结构的RMSD值为12.426 Å (表2),远远大于2 Å,相似性很差,表明Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT产生BA的甲基化程度差异应该是由CMeT参与的结构域互作的差异决定的。随后,采用分子对接结合自由能分析表明,影响Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT产物BA甲基化程度的是由Pks的CMeT与KS结构域对Pks中间产物的竞争性决定的,并提出了Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT产生BA的形成过程(图7)。
目前,关于Pks的CMeT结构域的三维结构信息及其功能都是通过对CMeT结构域晶体的信息获得的,由于蛋白晶体及其结构信息的获得繁琐且困难,所以截至2023年1月底在PDB蛋白质数据库PDB中已公布的Pks的CMeT晶体结构信息仅为11个(表S1,见国家微生物科学数据中心,编号NMDCX0000225)。最近,采用AlphaFold 2软件预测蛋白质及其结构域的三维结构信息取得了长足进步,截至2022年12月采用AlphaFold 2已成功预测超过2亿个蛋白质三维结构[21-22],包括至少29 240个甲基转移酶结构域(methyltransferase, MT)的三维结构,其中许多通过AlphaFold 2预测的结构与实验结构的一致性好且常被用于科学研究(表S9,见国家微生物科学数据中心,编号NMDCX0000225)[57-58]。本文在研究过程中,比较了通过蛋白质结晶获得的来自红曲菌PksCT的CMeT的三维结构(PDB ID: 5MPT)[17]与采用AlphaFold 2预测的红曲菌PksCT的CMeT的三维结构结果(见NMDCX0000225中的图S4),发现两者的RMSD值仅为0.391Å,远远小于2Å,表明二者的一致性好,这也表明本文采用AlphaFold 2预测的Pks及其结构域的结果是可靠的。
通过分析Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT的ACP、KS和CMeT结构域的表面电荷差异发现,这些结构域的表面电荷,特别是底物结合口袋入口表面电荷的差异(图3)影响着KS和CMeT对Pks中间产物的竞争性,从而决定着Pks产物BA的甲基化程度。为此,尝试这改变KS和CMeT结构域的底物结合口袋入口处的活性氨基酸组成,以调整表面电荷,从而有望产生不同甲基化程度的Pks产物。例如,Mr-PksCT的CMeT中主要参与底物结合口袋入口表面的带电连接的残基包括Lys78、Lys246、Arg164,将这3个主要的正电荷残基全部突变为性质相似且不带电残基Gln。突变后的CMeT (CMeTQ)理论上能由于口袋入口表面的正电荷减少,将减少与入口表面带负电荷的ACP相互作用的机会,从而改变C甲基化程度。于是,进一步对CMeTQ进行分析,Mr-PksCT的CMeTQ与CMeT三维结构的RMSD值为0.434,表明突变前后的三维结构相似。且MrPksCT中CMeTQ-ACP互作的结合亲和力为−10.3 kcal/mol,与Mr-PksPT中CMeT-ACP互作的结合亲和力相似,说明该突变的确能降低Mr-PksCT中CMeT与KS竞争性与ACP互作的优势,以至于降低产物的甲基化效率,从而可能改变Mr-PksCT产物的甲基化程度。
综上所述,红色红曲菌M7中Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT产物BA的甲基化程度差异是由CMeT结构域与KS结构域的竞争造成的。并基于结合自由能分析,提出了Mr-PksPT和Mr-PksCT产物BA的合成过程。最后提出了通过改造Mr-PksCT的CMeT从而改变Mr-PksCT产物BA甲基化程度的建议。本研究结果希望能为Pks的碳甲基化研究提供新思路并为设计Pks产物的碳甲基化提供方向。
  • 国家自然科学基金(31730068)
  • 国家自然科学基金(31330059)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
COX RJ.Polyketides, proteins and genes in fungi: programmed nano-machines begin to reveal their secrets[J].Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry,2007,5(13):2010-2026.
[2]
CRAWFORD JM, TOWNSEND CA.New insights into the formation of fungal aromatic polyketides[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2010,8(12):879-889.
[3]
CRAWFORD JM, KORMAN TP, LABONTE JW, VAGSTAD AL, HILL EA, KAMARI-BIDKORPEH O, TSAI SC, TOWNSEND CA.Structural basis for biosynthetic programming of fungal aromatic polyketide cyclization[J].Nature,2009,461(7267):1139-1143.
[4]
NICHOLSON TP, RUDD BAM, DAWSON M, LAZARUS CM, SIMPSON TJ, COX RJ.Design and utility of oligonucleotide gene probes for fungal polyketide synthases[J].Chemistry & Biology,2001,8(2):157-178.
[5]
CRAWFORD JM, DANCY BCR, HILL EA, UDWARY DW, TOWNSEND CA.Identification of a starter unit acyl-carrier protein transacylase domain in an iterative type Ⅰ polyketide synthase[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2006,103(45):16728-16733.
[6]
FISCH KM, SKELLAM E, IVISON D, COX RJ, BAILEY AM, LAZARUS CM, SIMPSON TJ.Catalytic role of the C-terminal domains of a fungal non-reducing polyketide synthase[J].Chemical Communications,2010,46(29):5331-5333.
[7]
YEH HH, CHANG SL, CHIANG YM, BRUNO KS, OAKLEY BR, WU TK, WANG CCC.Engineering fungal nonreducing polyketide synthase by heterologous expression and domain swapping[J].Organic Letters,2013,15(4):756-759.
[8]
BALLESTER AR, MARCET-HOUBEN M, LEVIN E, SELA N, SELMA-LÁZARO C, CARMONA L, WISNIEWSKI M, DROBY S, GONZÁLEZ-CANDELAS L, GABALDÓN T.Genome, transcriptome, and functional analyses ofPenicillium expansum provide new insights into secondary metabolism and pathogenicity[J].Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions: MPMI,2015,28(3):232-248.
[9]
CHEN WP, CHEN RF, LIU QP, HE Y, HE K, DING XL, KANG LJ, GUO XX, XIE NN, ZHOU YX, LU YY, COX RJ, MOLNáR I, LI M, SHAO YC, CHEN FS.Orange, red, yellow: biosynthesis of azaphilone pigments inMonascus fungi[J].Chemical Science,2017,8(7):4917-4925.
[10]
HE Y, COX RJ.The molecular steps of citrinin biosynthesis in fungi[J].Chemical Science,2016,7(3):2119-2127.
[11]
MAPARI SAS, HANSEN ME, MEYER AS, THRANE U.Computerized screening for novel producers ofMonascus-like food pigments inPenicillium species[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2008,56(21):9981-9989.
[12]
PAVESI C, FLON V, MANN S, LELEU S, PRADO S, FRANCK X.Biosynthesis of azaphilones: a review[J].Natural Product Reports,2021,38(6):1058-1071.
[13]
WILLIAMS K, GRECO C, BAILEY AM, WILLIS CL.Core steps to the azaphilone family of fungal natural products[J].ChemBioChem,2021,22(21):3027-3036.
[14]
CHEN WP, FENG YL, MOLNáR I, CHEN FS.Nature and nurture: confluence of pathway determinism with metabolic and chemical serendipity diversifiesMonascus azaphilone pigments[J].Natural Product Reports,2019,36(4):561-572.
[15]
LISCOMBE DK, LOUIE GV, NOEL JP.Architectures, mechanisms and molecular evolution of natural product methyltransferases[J].Natural Product Reports,2012,29(10):1238-1250.
[16]
LI PW, CHEN M, TANG W, GUO ZY, ZHANG YW, WANG M, HORSMAN GP, ZHONG J, LU ZX, CHEN YH.Initiating polyketide biosynthesis by on-line methyl esterification[J].Nature Communications,2021,12:4499.
[17]
STORM PA, HERBST DA, MAIER T, TOWNSEND CA.Functional and structural analysis of programmed C-methylation in the biosynthesis of the fungal polyketide citrinin[J].Cell Chemical Biology,2017,24(3):316-325.
[18]
STORM PA, PAL P, HUITT-ROEHL CR, TOWNSEND CA.Exploring fungal polyketide C-methylation through combinatorial domain swaps[J].ACS Chemical Biology,2018,13(11):3043-3048.
[19]
CACHO RA, THUSS J, XU W, SANICHAR R, GAO ZZ, NGUYEN A, VEDERAS JC, TANG Y.Understanding programming of fungal iterative polyketide synthases: the biochemical basis for regioselectivity by the methyltransferase domain in the lovastatin megasynthase[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2015,137(50):15688-15691.
[20]
THORP HH.Proteins, proteins everywhere[J].Science,2021,374(6574):1415.
[21]
JUMPER J, EVANS R, PRITZEL A, GREEN T, FIGURNOV M, RONNEBERGER O, TUNYASUVUNAKOOL K, BATES R, ŽÍDEK A, POTAPENKO A, BRIDGLAND A, MEYER C, KOHL SAA, BALLARD AJ, COWIE A, ROMERA-PAREDES B, NIKOLOV S, JAIN R, ADLER J, BACK T, et al.Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold[J].Nature,2021,596(7873):583-589.
[22]
VARADI M, ANYANGO S, DESHPANDE M, NAIR S, NATASSIA C, YORDANOVA G, YUAN D, STROE O, WOOD G, LAYDON A, ŽÍDEK A, GREEN T, TUNYASUVUNAKOOL K, PETERSEN S, JUMPER J, CLANCY E, GREEN R, VORA A, LUTFI M, FIGURNOV M, et al.AlphaFold protein structure database: massively expanding the structural coverage of protein-sequence space with high-accuracy models[J].Nucleic Acids Research,2022,50(D1):D439-D444.
[23]
ALONSO H, BLIZNYUK AA, GREADY JE.Combining docking and molecular dynamic simulations in drug design[J].Medicinal Research Reviews,2006,26(5):531-568.
[24]
FU X, ZAN XY, SUN L, TAN M, CUI FJ, LIANG YY, MENG LJ, SUN WJ.Functional characterization and structural basis of the β-1,3-glucan synthase CMGLS from mushroomCordyceps militaris[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2022,70(28):8725-8737.
[25]
GAO W, ZHANG Y, CHEN L, LIU XY, LI K, HAN LJ, YU ZW, REN JZ, TANG LF, FAN ZJ.Novel[1,2,4]-triazolo[3,4-b]-[1,3,4]thiadizoles as potent pyruvate kinase inhibitors for fungal control[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2022,70(33):10170-10181.
[26]
KRZEMIŃSKA A, KWIATOS N, ARENHART SOARES F, STEINBÜCHEL A.Theoretical studies of cyanophycin dipeptides as inhibitors of tyrosinases[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2022,23(6):3335.
[27]
ZHAI GQ, ZHANG ZY, DONG CJ.Mutagenesis and functional analysis of SotB: a multidrug transporter of the major facilitator superfamily fromEscherichia coli[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2022,13:1024639.
[28]
KUMAR S, STECHER G, TAMURA K.MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets[J].Molecular Biology and Evolution,2016,33(7):1870-1874.
[29]
PAYSAN-LAFOSSE T, BLUM M, CHUGURANSKY S, GREGO T, PINTO BL, SALAZAR GA, BILESCHI ML, BORK P, BRIDGE A, COLWELL L, GOUGH J, HAFT DH, LETUNIĆ I, MARCHLER-BAUER A, MI HY, NATALE DA, ORENGO CA, PANDURANGAN AP, RIVOIRE C, SIGRIST CJA, et al.InterPro in 2022[J].Nucleic Acids Research,2023,51(D1):D418-D427.
[30]
KEARSE M, MOIR R, WILSON A, STONES-HAVAS S, CHEUNG M, STURROCK S, BUXTON S, COOPER A, MARKOWITZ S, DURAN C, THIERER T, ASHTON B, MEINTJES P, DRUMMOND A.Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data[J].Bioinformatics,2012,28(12):1647-1649.
[31]
PIERCE BG, WIEHE K, HWANG H, KIM BH, VREVEN T, WENG ZP.ZDOCK server: interactive docking prediction of protein-protein complexes and symmetric multimers[J].Bioinformatics,2014,30(12):1771-1773.
[32]
VANGONE A, BONVIN AM.Contacts-based prediction of binding affinity in protein-protein complexes[J].eLife,2015,4:e07454.
[33]
WOO PCY, LAM CW, TAM EWT, LEE KC, YUNG KKY, LEUNG CKF, SZE KH, LAU SKP, YUEN KY.The biosynthetic pathway for a thousand-year-old natural food colorant and citrinin inPenicillium marneffei[J].Scientific Reports,2014,4:6728.
[34]
SHARMA D, GUPTA C, AGGARWAL S, NAGPAL N.Pigment extraction from fungus for textile dyeing[J].Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research,2012,37(1):68-73.
[35]
CAMARDO LEGGIERI M, DECONTARDI S, BERTUZZI T, PIETRI A, BATTILANI P.Modeling growth and toxin production of toxigenic fungi signaled in cheese under different temperature and water activity regimes[J].Toxins,2016,9(1):4.
[36]
SHIMIZU T, KINOSHITA H, ISHIHARA S, SAKAI K, NAGAI S, NIHIRA T.Polyketide synthase gene responsible for citrinin biosynthesis inMonascus purpureus[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2005,71(7):3453-3457.
[37]
NEWMAN AG, VAGSTAD AL, STORM PA, TOWNSEND CA.Systematic domain swaps of iterative, nonreducing polyketide synthases provide a mechanistic understanding and rationale for catalytic reprogramming[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2014,136(20):7348-7362.
[38]
WINTER JM, CASCIO D, DIETRICH D, SATO M, WATANABE K, SAWAYA MR, VEDERAS JC, TANG Y.Biochemical and structural basis for controlling chemical modularity in fungal polyketide biosynthesis[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2015,137(31):9885-9893.
[39]
BHETARIYA PJ, PRAJAPATI M, BHADURI A, MANDAL RS, VARMA A, MADAN T, SINGH Y, SARMA PU.Phylogenetic and structural analysis of polyketide synthases inAspergilli[J].Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online,2016,12:109-119.
[40]
POUST S, YOON I, ADAMS PD, KATZ L, PETZOLD CJ, KEASLING JD.Understanding the role of histidine in the GHSxG acyltransferase active site motif: evidence for histidine stabilization of the malonyl-enzyme intermediate[J].PLoS One,2014,9(10):e109421.
[41]
LIU L, ZHANG Z, SHAO CL, WANG JL, BAI H, WANG CY.Bioinformatical analysis of the sequences, structures and functions of fungal polyketide synthase product template domains[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:10463.
[42]
WATTANA-AMORN P, WILLIAMS C, PŁOSKOŃ E, COX RJ, SIMPSON TJ, CROSBY J, CRUMP MP.Solution structure of an acyl carrier protein domain from a fungal type Ⅰ polyketide synthase[J].Biochemistry,2010,49(10):2186-2193.
[43]
WEISSMAN KJ, HONG H, POPOVIC B, MEERSMAN F.Evidence for a protein-protein interaction motif on an acyl carrier protein domain from a modular polyketide synthase[J].Chemistry & Biology,2006,13(6):625-636.
[44]
KOZBIAL PZ, MUSHEGIAN AR.Natural history of S-adenosylmethionine-binding proteins[J].BMC Structural Biology,2005,5(1):1-26.
[45]
LIU H, BEGLEY T. Comprehensive Natural Products Ⅲ: Chemistry and Biology[M]. Third Edition. United States of America: Elsevier, 2020.
[46]
GAITATZIS N, KUNZE B, MÜLLER R.In vitro reconstitution of the myxochelin biosynthetic machinery ofStigmatella aurantiaca Sg a15: biochemical characterization of a reductive release mechanism from nonribosomal peptide synthetases[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2001,98(20):11136-11141.
[47]
STARK A, SUNYAEV S, RUSSELL RB.A model for statistical significance of local similarities in structure[J].Journal of Molecular Biology,2003,326(5):1307-1316.
[48]
YANG XL, FRIEDRICH S, YIN S, PIECH O, WILLIAMS K, SIMPSON TJ, COX RJ.Molecular basis of methylation and chain-length programming in a fungal iterative highly reducing polyketide synthase[J].Chemical Science,2019,10(36):8478-8489.
[49]
KASTRITIS PL, RODRIGUES JPGLM, FOLKERS GE, BOELENS R, BONVIN AMJJ.Proteins feel more than they see: fine-tuning of binding affinity by properties of the non-interacting surface[J].Journal of Molecular Biology,2014,426(14):2632-2652.
[50]
JANIN J, HENRICK K, MOULT J, TEN EYCK L, STERNBERG MJE, VAJDA S, VAKSER I, WODAK SJ.CAPRI: a critical assessment of predicted interactions[J].Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics,2003,52(1):2-9.
[51]
BLUNDELL TL, FERNÁNDEZ-RECIO J.Brief encounters bolster contacts[J].Nature,2006,444(7117):279-280.
[52]
MORRIS CJ, DELLA CORTE D.Using molecular docking and molecular dynamics to investigate protein-ligand interactions[J].Modern Physics Letters B,2021,35(8):2130002.
[53]
PENG Y, SARTINI D, POZZI V, WILK D, EMANUELLI M, YEE VC.Structural basis of substrate recognition in human nicotinamide N-methyltransferase[J].Biochemistry,2011,50(36):7800-7808.
[54]
GENHEDEN S, RYDE U.The MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA methods to estimate ligand-binding affinities[J].Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery,2015,10(5):449-461.
[55]
SCHÖNING-STIERAND K, DIEDRICH K, FÄHRROLFES R, FLACHSENBERG F, MEYDER A, NITTINGER E, STEINEGGER R, RAREY M.ProteinsPlus: interactive analysis of protein-ligand binding interfaces[J].Nucleic Acids Research,2020,48(W1):W48-W53.
[56]
KISHIMOTO S, TSUNEMATSU Y, MATSUSHITA T, HARA K, HASHIMOTO H, TANG Y, WATANABE K.Functional and structural analyses oftrans C-methyltransferase in fungal polyketide biosynthesis[J].Biochemistry,2019,58(38):3933-3937.
[57]
YAN JJ, LIU FQ, GUAN ZY, YAN XH, JIN XH, WANG Q, WANG ZC, YAN JJ, ZHANG DL, LIU Z, WU S, YIN P.Structural insights into DNA N6-adenine methylation by the MTA1 complex[J].Cell Discovery,2023,9:8.
[58]
ZHANG YX, ALSHAMMARI E, SOBOTA J, YANG A, LI CY, YANG Z.Unique SMYD5 structure revealed by AlphaFold correlates with its functional divergence[J].Biomolecules,2022,12(6):783.
2024年第64卷第1期
PDF下载
137
57
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230338
  • 接收时间:2023-05-13
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-01-04
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-13
  • 录用日期:2023-08-28
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31730068)
国家自然科学基金(31730068)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31330059)
国家自然科学基金(31330059)
作者信息
    1 华中农业大学农业微生物资源发掘与利用全国重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430070
    2 华中农业大学食品科学与技术学院, 湖北 武汉 430070
    3 中南民族大学药学院, 湖北 武汉 430070

通讯作者:

参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230338
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏