Article(id=1238813319755264385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1238813307784712441, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250752, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1759766400000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1764086400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-11-26, onlineDate=1773285711468, onlineDateStr=2026-03-12, pubDate=1772553600000, pubDateStr=2026-03-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773285711468, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773285711468, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773285711468, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1238813307784712441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='3', pageStart='961', pageEnd='1466', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773285708614, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773291912509, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1238839328915378858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1238813307784712441, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1238839328915378859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1238813307784712441, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1178, endPage=1191, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1238813321474929072, articleId=1238813319755264385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Effects of mannanoligosaccharides on in vitro fermentation characteristics and composition of intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effects of mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) on the in vitro fermentation characteristics and composition of intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets by using an in vitro microbial fermentation technique, with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) taken as the control. Methods Using microbial inocula derived from the jejunal and colonic chyme of piglets, with FOS and MOS as respective substrates, this study measured microbial gas production and fermentation broth pH at five time points (0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h), and collected fermentation broth samples at each time point for subsequent microbial analysis. Results In the in vitro jejunal microbial fermentation system, both the fermentation broth pH and gas production in the MOS group were significantly higher than those in the FOS group (P<0.05). At 24 h of fermentation, compared with FOS, MOS significantly increased the concentrations of acetate, propionate, and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (P<0.01). The formate production in the MOS group was significantly lower than that in the FOS group (P<0.01). At 48 h of fermentation, the lactate concentration in the MOS group was significantly lower than that in the FOS group (P<0.01). In the in vitro colonic microbial fermentation system, gas production in the MOS group was significantly higher than that in the FOS group (P<0.05). At 48 h of fermentation, the production of formate, acetate, butyrate, SCFAs, and lactate in the MOS group was significantly higher than that in the FOS group (P<0.01). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results of the jejunal fermentation broth revealed that at 48 h of fermentation, both the Shannon and Simpson indices in the MOS group were significantly higher than those in the FOS group (P<0.01). Furthermore, the microbiota composition exhibited disparity between the MOS and FOS groups. Moreover, the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium, Limosilactobacillus, and Megasphaera were significantly higher in the MOS group than in the FOS group (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared to FOS, MOS enabled the microbiota in the small intestine of piglets to significantly improve the microbial community structure, increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, enhance gas production, and promote the generation of acetate and other SCFAs. These findings suggested that MOS held potential for modulating microecology in the small intestine of weaned piglets.

, correspAuthors=Kaifan YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 采用微生物体外发酵技术,以低聚果糖(fructooligosaccharides, FOS)为对照,研究甘露低聚糖(mannanoligosaccharides, MOS)对断奶仔猪肠道微生物体外发酵特性及菌群结构的影响。 方法 以仔猪空肠与结肠食糜微生物作为接种物,分别以FOS和MOS为底物,在0、6、12、24、48 h这5个时间点测定微生物产气量和发酵液pH,并收集每个时间点的发酵液用于后续微生物分析。 结果 在体外空肠微生物发酵过程中,MOS组发酵液pH和产气量均显著高于FOS组(P<0.05);发酵24 h时,与FOS相比MOS极显著提高了乙酸、丙酸及总短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids, SCFAs)的含量(P<0.01);MOS组甲酸产量极显著低于FOS组(P<0.01);发酵48 h时MOS组乳酸含量极显著低于FOS组(P<0.01)。在体外结肠微生物发酵过程中,MOS组产气量显著高于FOS组(P<0.05);发酵48 h时MOS组甲酸、乙酸、丁酸、总SCFAs和乳酸的产量均极显著高于FOS组(P<0.01)。空肠发酵液16S rRNA基因测序结果显示,发酵48 h时MOS组Shannon和Simpson指数均极显著高于FOS组(P<0.01),且两组之间微生物菌群组成差异明显。此外,MOS组双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)、黏液乳杆菌属(Limosilactobacillus)和巨球形菌属(Megasphaera)菌属的相对丰度显著高于FOS组(P<0.05)。 结论 与FOS相比,仔猪小肠微生物群能够利用MOS显著改善微生物区系,提高Bifidobacterium等有益菌的丰度,增加产气量,促进乙酸等SCFAs的产生,提示MOS具有改善仔猪小肠微生态的潜力。

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作者贡献声明

廉锴锋:数据分析,论文撰写;叶艳新:体外发酵试验;朱伟云:研究方案设计与指导;余凯凡:研究方案设计,论文修改和审核等。

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Microbial Cell Factories, 2019, 18(1): 36., articleTitle=Cell factories converting lactate and acetate to butyrate: Clostridium butyricum and microbial communities from dark fermentation bioreactors, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1238891113134748433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, awardId=32372830, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372830), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1238891113260577558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, awardId=32372830, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(32372830), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1238891104905523582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1238891104909717887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, companyId=1238891104905523582, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1238891104922300799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, companyId=1238891104905523582, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=南京农业大学,消化道微生物研究室,江苏省消化道营养与动物健康重点实验室,国家动物消化道营养国际 联合研究中心,江苏 南京)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1238891109385040497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Changes in pH and gas production during in vitro fermentation by jejunal and colonic microbiota at different time points. A: Gas production of the jejunum; B: Gas production of the colon; C: pH of the jejunum; D: pH of the colon. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups (P<0.05)., figureFileSmall=KW5JX1dOsp3iDfjDSepO6A==, figureFileBig=dZS1TAf0jocwG9+MuIxi3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891109519258235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, language=CN, label=图1, caption=空肠和结肠微生物体外发酵不同时间点pH值和产气量的变化。A:空肠产气量;B:结肠产气量;C:空肠pH;D:结肠pH。不同小写字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.05)。, figureFileSmall=KW5JX1dOsp3iDfjDSepO6A==, figureFileBig=dZS1TAf0jocwG9+MuIxi3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891109632504458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Effects of MOS and FOS on beta diversity of jejunal microbiota during in vitro fermentation. A: PCoA analysis of the microbiota at 0 h; B: PCoA analysis of the microbiota at 12 h; C: PCoA analysis of the microbiota at 48 h; D: Significant difference analysis of PCoA at 0 h; E: Significant difference analysis of PCoA at 12 h; F: Significant difference analysis of PCoA at 48 h., figureFileSmall=6uYEdAAF9EpiHddYc3yJcQ==, figureFileBig=ewapFbZ7jAt76UlmwTzQjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891109724779155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, language=CN, label=图2, caption=MOSFOS对体外发酵空肠微生物菌群β多样性的影响。A:0 h菌群PCoA分析;B:12 h菌群PCoA分析;C:48 h菌群PCoA分析;D:0 h PCoA显著性差异分析;E:12 h PCoA显著性差异分析;F:48 h PCoA显著性差异分析。, figureFileSmall=6uYEdAAF9EpiHddYc3yJcQ==, figureFileBig=ewapFbZ7jAt76UlmwTzQjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891109842219672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Effects of MOS and FOS on the relative abundance at phylum level of jejunal microbiota during in vitro fermentation. A: Bar plot of microbial community composition at the phylum level; B: Comparison of Bacillota abundance between groups at 12 h; C: Comparison of Pseudomonadota abundance between groups at 12 h; D: Comparison of Actinobacteria abundance between groups at 48 h. *: P<0.05., figureFileSmall=Mh9443oE0uDy926YSsIbsA==, figureFileBig=Dxz8qWHFPk7HEuUQUv8+kA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891110089683616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, language=CN, label=图3, caption=MOSFOS对体外发酵空肠微生物菌群门水平相对丰度的影响。A:门水平微生物群落相对丰度柱状图;B:12 h Bacillota相对丰度组间比较;C:12 h Pseudomonadota相对丰度组间比较;D:48 h Actinobacteria相对丰度组间比较。, figureFileSmall=Mh9443oE0uDy926YSsIbsA==, figureFileBig=Dxz8qWHFPk7HEuUQUv8+kA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891110207124138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Effects of MOS and FOS on the relative abundance at genus level of jejunal microbiota during in vitro fermentation. A: Bar plot of microbial community composition at the genus level; B: Comparison of Escherichia-Shigella abundance between groups at 12 h; C: Comparison of Bifidobacterium abundance between groups at 48 h; D: Comparison of Limosilactobacillus abundance between groups at 48 h; E: Comparison of Megasphaera abundance between groups at 48 h; F: Comparison of Ligilactobacillus abundance between groups at 48 h; G: Comparison of Streptococcus abundance between groups at 48 h. *: P<0.05., figureFileSmall=sjyqv0tPQHY+ZA4WWnb46A==, figureFileBig=3DDDjYNwsOHbdZwmf+J13g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891110307787441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, language=CN, label=图4, caption=MOSFOS对体外发酵空肠微生物菌群属水平相对丰度的影响。A:属水平微生物群落相对丰度柱状图;B:12 h Escherichia-Shigella相对丰度组间比较;C:48 h Bifidobacterium相对丰度组间比较;D:48 h Limosilactobacillus相对丰度组间比较;E:48 h Megasphaera相对丰度组间比较;F:48 h Ligilactobacillus相对丰度组间比较;G:48 h Streptococcus相对丰度组间比较。, figureFileSmall=sjyqv0tPQHY+ZA4WWnb46A==, figureFileBig=3DDDjYNwsOHbdZwmf+J13g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891110421033658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Temporal changes in SCFA production during in vitro fermentation by jejunal microbiota

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Itemt/hBlankMOSFOSP-value
Acetate (mmol/L)00.000.000.00
63.17±0.05b7.99±2.07a4.49±0.62ab0.06
124.35±0.20b8.30±0.97a9.42±1.09a<0.01
244.53±0.12b8.94±1.37a7.09±1.41ab0.06
486.27±0.29b15.35±2.11a6.64±0.35 b<0.01
Propionate (mmol/L)00.000.000.00
60.23±0.02a0.08±0.03b0.00c<0.01
120.18±0.06b0.37±0.04a0.38±0.07a0.07
240.50±0.04a0.59±0.03a0.34±0.06b0.01
480.90±0.13b11.67±3.62a0.45±0.14b<0.01
Butyrate (mmol/L)00.000.000.00
60.000.29±0.180.14±0.060.25
120.000.10±0.070.10±0.030.26
240.000.20±0.110.03±0.030.14
480.03±0.010.42±0.260.01±0.010.15
Total SCFAs (mmol/L)00.000.000.00
63.42±0.07b8.37±2.09a4.63±0.67ab0.05
124.53±0.24b8.77±1.01a9.90±1.15a<0.01
245.04±0.11b9.73±1.45a7.47±1.50ab0.06
487.19±0.41b27.45±3.86a7.09±0.49b<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1238891110530085571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

空肠微生物体外发酵产SCFA含量的动态变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Itemt/hBlankMOSFOSP-value
Acetate (mmol/L)00.000.000.00
63.17±0.05b7.99±2.07a4.49±0.62ab0.06
124.35±0.20b8.30±0.97a9.42±1.09a<0.01
244.53±0.12b8.94±1.37a7.09±1.41ab0.06
486.27±0.29b15.35±2.11a6.64±0.35 b<0.01
Propionate (mmol/L)00.000.000.00
60.23±0.02a0.08±0.03b0.00c<0.01
120.18±0.06b0.37±0.04a0.38±0.07a0.07
240.50±0.04a0.59±0.03a0.34±0.06b0.01
480.90±0.13b11.67±3.62a0.45±0.14b<0.01
Butyrate (mmol/L)00.000.000.00
60.000.29±0.180.14±0.060.25
120.000.10±0.070.10±0.030.26
240.000.20±0.110.03±0.030.14
480.03±0.010.42±0.260.01±0.010.15
Total SCFAs (mmol/L)00.000.000.00
63.42±0.07b8.37±2.09a4.63±0.67ab0.05
124.53±0.24b8.77±1.01a9.90±1.15a<0.01
245.04±0.11b9.73±1.45a7.47±1.50ab0.06
487.19±0.41b27.45±3.86a7.09±0.49b<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1238891110630748872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Temporal changes in SCFA production during in vitro fermentation by colonic microbiota

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Itemt/hBlankMOSFOSP-value
Acetate (mmol/L)03.86±0.343.86±0.343.86±0.34
63.30±0.57b19.59±0.76a20.38±0.51a<0.01
126.06±0.34b64.84±1.91a59.22±4.84a<0.01
2415.46±0.18c84.70±2.52a73.88±1.13b<0.01
4818.64±0.51c86.78±2.85a48.52±8.86b<0.01
Propionate (mmol/L)00.000.000.00
60.00b7.54±3.04a11.89±0.17a<0.01
122.49±0.19c32.40±1.06b46.15±4.14a<0.01
243.19±0.13c45.98±3.80b66.35±2.20a<0.01
483.63±0.19c51.93±2.04b67.21±3.95a<0.01
Butyrate (mmol/L)00.000.000.00
60.00b7.49±1.94a9.81±2.82ab0.02
122.76±0.09b17.37±0.75a15.08±1.80a<0.01
243.52±0.06c28.74±1.54a18.96±2.72b<0.01
484.37±0.40c35.60±2.49a29.02±1.07b<0.01
Total SCFAs (mmol/L)03.86±0.343.86±0.343.86±0.34
63.30±0.57b34.61±4.63a42.08±3.15a0.05
1211.30±0.49b114.64±3.63a120.45±1.58a<0.01
2422.17±0.26b159.41±5.11a159.20±2.85a<0.01
4826.65±1.00c174.31±2.25a144.74±13.59b<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1238891110739800783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

结肠微生物体外发酵产SCFA含量的动态变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Itemt/hBlankMOSFOSP-value
Acetate (mmol/L)03.86±0.343.86±0.343.86±0.34
63.30±0.57b19.59±0.76a20.38±0.51a<0.01
126.06±0.34b64.84±1.91a59.22±4.84a<0.01
2415.46±0.18c84.70±2.52a73.88±1.13b<0.01
4818.64±0.51c86.78±2.85a48.52±8.86b<0.01
Propionate (mmol/L)00.000.000.00
60.00b7.54±3.04a11.89±0.17a<0.01
122.49±0.19c32.40±1.06b46.15±4.14a<0.01
243.19±0.13c45.98±3.80b66.35±2.20a<0.01
483.63±0.19c51.93±2.04b67.21±3.95a<0.01
Butyrate (mmol/L)00.000.000.00
60.00b7.49±1.94a9.81±2.82ab0.02
122.76±0.09b17.37±0.75a15.08±1.80a<0.01
243.52±0.06c28.74±1.54a18.96±2.72b<0.01
484.37±0.40c35.60±2.49a29.02±1.07b<0.01
Total SCFAs (mmol/L)03.86±0.343.86±0.343.86±0.34
63.30±0.57b34.61±4.63a42.08±3.15a0.05
1211.30±0.49b114.64±3.63a120.45±1.58a<0.01
2422.17±0.26b159.41±5.11a159.20±2.85a<0.01
4826.65±1.00c174.31±2.25a144.74±13.59b<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1238891110861435609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Temporal changes in formate and lactate production during in vitro fermentation by jejunal microbiota

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Itemt/hBlankMOSFOSP-value
Formate (mmol/L)00.01±0.00b0.01±0.00b0.04±0.00a<0.01
616.72±0.31b35.95±3.48a21.41±2.54b<0.01
1217.55±4.13c29.48±0.41b43.21±1.30a<0.01
2418.20±2.50b19.57±0.84b34.77±3.17a<0.01
486.96±0.29b25.03±3.24a25.79±1.32a<0.01
Lactate (mmol/L)03.83±0.03c4.13±0.03b4.38±0.03a<0.01
64.51±0.09b22.71±3.78a11.79±6.67ab0.02
125.59±0.49b59.48±4.71a68.70±4.83a<0.01
243.70±1.29c61.62±3.35a70.25±8.55a<0.01
482.54±0.16c45.09±10.95b79.11±0.90a<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1238891110949516004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

空肠微生物体外发酵产甲酸和乳酸含量的动态变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Itemt/hBlankMOSFOSP-value
Formate (mmol/L)00.01±0.00b0.01±0.00b0.04±0.00a<0.01
616.72±0.31b35.95±3.48a21.41±2.54b<0.01
1217.55±4.13c29.48±0.41b43.21±1.30a<0.01
2418.20±2.50b19.57±0.84b34.77±3.17a<0.01
486.96±0.29b25.03±3.24a25.79±1.32a<0.01
Lactate (mmol/L)03.83±0.03c4.13±0.03b4.38±0.03a<0.01
64.51±0.09b22.71±3.78a11.79±6.67ab0.02
125.59±0.49b59.48±4.71a68.70±4.83a<0.01
243.70±1.29c61.62±3.35a70.25±8.55a<0.01
482.54±0.16c45.09±10.95b79.11±0.90a<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1238891112472048363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Temporal changes in formate and lactate production during in vitro fermentation by colonic microbiota

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Itemt/hBlankMOSFOSP-value
Formate (mmol/L)04.21±1.065.13±0.064.58±0.090.59
62.90±0.865.24±2.442.07±0.260.34
126.19±0.699.66±2.096.12±1.340.21
246.97±0.22a2.51±0.67b2.45±0.33b<0.01
480.23±0.12b3.77±0.16a1.91±0.25b<0.01
Lactate (mmol/L)00.34±0.06c2.80±0.06a2.66±0.04a<0.01
61.96±0.052.24±0.391.73±0.030.33
120.51±0.04b2.79±0.09a3.25±0.29a<0.01
240.40±0.04b1.31±0.37a1.44±0.20a0.03
480.43±0.04c1.30±0.04a0.86±0.12b<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1238891112618849013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

结肠微生物体外发酵产甲酸和乳酸含量的动态变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Itemt/hBlankMOSFOSP-value
Formate (mmol/L)04.21±1.065.13±0.064.58±0.090.59
62.90±0.865.24±2.442.07±0.260.34
126.19±0.699.66±2.096.12±1.340.21
246.97±0.22a2.51±0.67b2.45±0.33b<0.01
480.23±0.12b3.77±0.16a1.91±0.25b<0.01
Lactate (mmol/L)00.34±0.06c2.80±0.06a2.66±0.04a<0.01
61.96±0.052.24±0.391.73±0.030.33
120.51±0.04b2.79±0.09a3.25±0.29a<0.01
240.40±0.04b1.31±0.37a1.44±0.20a0.03
480.43±0.04c1.30±0.04a0.86±0.12b<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1238891112753066748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effects of MOS and FOS on alpha diversity of jejunal microbiota during in vitro fermentation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Itemt/hBlankMOSFOSP-value
Coverage (%)099.89±0.0299.88±0.0199.88±0.020.75
1299.89±0.01b99.95±0.01a99.93±0.01a<0.01
4899.92±0.01b99.94±0.01ab99.95±0.01a0.09
Diversity indices
Simpson index00.92±0.010.89±0.010.87±0.030.24
120.61±0.020.67±0.020.67±0.030.18
480.75±0.01a0.79±0.02a0.66±0.01b<0.01
Shannon index03.28±0.06a3.03±0.09b2.88±0.22b0.15
121.66±0.061.56±0.041.57±0.060.43
482.19±0.08b2.09±0.07a1.60±0.04b<0.01
Richness
Chao1 index0282.02±8.17286.03±7.99265.45±22.280.59
12171.99±14.82a99.78±2.85b123.73±20.41b0.02
48213.05±13.36a110.74±5.71b107.77±12.72b<0.01
ACE index0279.64±9.30286.55±7.61270.45±22.020.74
12178.67±14.11a107.98±2.22b108.39±4.99b<0.01
48209.71±14.59a107.58±2.92b109.66±13.46b<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1238891112887284484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319755264385, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

MOSFOS对体外发酵空肠微生物菌群α多样性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Itemt/hBlankMOSFOSP-value
Coverage (%)099.89±0.0299.88±0.0199.88±0.020.75
1299.89±0.01b99.95±0.01a99.93±0.01a<0.01
4899.92±0.01b99.94±0.01ab99.95±0.01a0.09
Diversity indices
Simpson index00.92±0.010.89±0.010.87±0.030.24
120.61±0.020.67±0.020.67±0.030.18
480.75±0.01a0.79±0.02a0.66±0.01b<0.01
Shannon index03.28±0.06a3.03±0.09b2.88±0.22b0.15
121.66±0.061.56±0.041.57±0.060.43
482.19±0.08b2.09±0.07a1.60±0.04b<0.01
Richness
Chao1 index0282.02±8.17286.03±7.99265.45±22.280.59
12171.99±14.82a99.78±2.85b123.73±20.41b0.02
48213.05±13.36a110.74±5.71b107.77±12.72b<0.01
ACE index0279.64±9.30286.55±7.61270.45±22.020.74
12178.67±14.11a107.98±2.22b108.39±4.99b<0.01
48209.71±14.59a107.58±2.92b109.66±13.46b<0.01
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甘露低聚糖对断奶仔猪肠道微生物体外发酵特性及菌群结构的影响
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廉锴锋 , 叶艳新 , 朱伟云 , 余凯凡 *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(3): 1178-1191
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026, 66(3): 1178-1191
甘露低聚糖对断奶仔猪肠道微生物体外发酵特性及菌群结构的影响
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廉锴锋, 叶艳新, 朱伟云, 余凯凡*
作者信息
  • 南京农业大学,消化道微生物研究室,江苏省消化道营养与动物健康重点实验室,国家动物消化道营养国际 联合研究中心,江苏 南京
Effects of mannanoligosaccharides on in vitro fermentation characteristics and composition of intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets
Kaifeng LIAN, Yanxin YE, Weiyun ZHU, Kaifan YU*
Affiliations
  • Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
出版时间: 2026-03-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250752
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目的 采用微生物体外发酵技术,以低聚果糖(fructooligosaccharides, FOS)为对照,研究甘露低聚糖(mannanoligosaccharides, MOS)对断奶仔猪肠道微生物体外发酵特性及菌群结构的影响。 方法 以仔猪空肠与结肠食糜微生物作为接种物,分别以FOS和MOS为底物,在0、6、12、24、48 h这5个时间点测定微生物产气量和发酵液pH,并收集每个时间点的发酵液用于后续微生物分析。 结果 在体外空肠微生物发酵过程中,MOS组发酵液pH和产气量均显著高于FOS组(P<0.05);发酵24 h时,与FOS相比MOS极显著提高了乙酸、丙酸及总短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids, SCFAs)的含量(P<0.01);MOS组甲酸产量极显著低于FOS组(P<0.01);发酵48 h时MOS组乳酸含量极显著低于FOS组(P<0.01)。在体外结肠微生物发酵过程中,MOS组产气量显著高于FOS组(P<0.05);发酵48 h时MOS组甲酸、乙酸、丁酸、总SCFAs和乳酸的产量均极显著高于FOS组(P<0.01)。空肠发酵液16S rRNA基因测序结果显示,发酵48 h时MOS组Shannon和Simpson指数均极显著高于FOS组(P<0.01),且两组之间微生物菌群组成差异明显。此外,MOS组双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)、黏液乳杆菌属(Limosilactobacillus)和巨球形菌属(Megasphaera)菌属的相对丰度显著高于FOS组(P<0.05)。 结论 与FOS相比,仔猪小肠微生物群能够利用MOS显著改善微生物区系,提高Bifidobacterium等有益菌的丰度,增加产气量,促进乙酸等SCFAs的产生,提示MOS具有改善仔猪小肠微生态的潜力。

甘露低聚糖  /  低聚果糖  /  断奶仔猪  /  肠道菌群  /  体外发酵

Objective To investigate the effects of mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) on the in vitro fermentation characteristics and composition of intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets by using an in vitro microbial fermentation technique, with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) taken as the control. Methods Using microbial inocula derived from the jejunal and colonic chyme of piglets, with FOS and MOS as respective substrates, this study measured microbial gas production and fermentation broth pH at five time points (0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h), and collected fermentation broth samples at each time point for subsequent microbial analysis. Results In the in vitro jejunal microbial fermentation system, both the fermentation broth pH and gas production in the MOS group were significantly higher than those in the FOS group (P<0.05). At 24 h of fermentation, compared with FOS, MOS significantly increased the concentrations of acetate, propionate, and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (P<0.01). The formate production in the MOS group was significantly lower than that in the FOS group (P<0.01). At 48 h of fermentation, the lactate concentration in the MOS group was significantly lower than that in the FOS group (P<0.01). In the in vitro colonic microbial fermentation system, gas production in the MOS group was significantly higher than that in the FOS group (P<0.05). At 48 h of fermentation, the production of formate, acetate, butyrate, SCFAs, and lactate in the MOS group was significantly higher than that in the FOS group (P<0.01). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results of the jejunal fermentation broth revealed that at 48 h of fermentation, both the Shannon and Simpson indices in the MOS group were significantly higher than those in the FOS group (P<0.01). Furthermore, the microbiota composition exhibited disparity between the MOS and FOS groups. Moreover, the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium, Limosilactobacillus, and Megasphaera were significantly higher in the MOS group than in the FOS group (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared to FOS, MOS enabled the microbiota in the small intestine of piglets to significantly improve the microbial community structure, increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, enhance gas production, and promote the generation of acetate and other SCFAs. These findings suggested that MOS held potential for modulating microecology in the small intestine of weaned piglets.

mannanoligosaccharides  /  fructooligosaccharides  /  weaned piglets  /  intestinal microbiota  /  in vitro fermentation
廉锴锋, 叶艳新, 朱伟云, 余凯凡. 甘露低聚糖对断奶仔猪肠道微生物体外发酵特性及菌群结构的影响. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (3) : 1178 -1191 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250752
Kaifeng LIAN, Yanxin YE, Weiyun ZHU, Kaifan YU. Effects of mannanoligosaccharides on in vitro fermentation characteristics and composition of intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (3) : 1178 -1191 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250752
近年来,我国肉类消费需求逐步攀升,集约化养殖模式在生猪产业中得到广泛推广。这种模式以高密度饲养和早期断奶等手段为特征,显著提升了生产效率,但同时也引发了一系列动物福利与健康问题。其中,仔猪因断奶应激、饲养环境等因素极易诱发腹泻、肠道炎症等疾病。自2020年7月1日我国实施饲料禁抗政策以来,所有非中药促生长类药物饲料添加剂被全面禁用,仔猪肠道健康问题愈发突出[1]。饲料替抗产品的研究与开发逐渐成为研究热点。目前,酸化剂、益生菌、益生元、中草药及其制剂等以单一形式或组合方案作为饲料抗生素替代品已部分应用于养猪生产[2]。益生元被定义为一种难以被宿主消化的食物成分,其作用是选择性地促进肠道特定微生物的生长与功能,进而改善宿主的肠道健康[3]。益生元对肠道微生物菌群的刺激决定了它们的发酵活性,同时影响总短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids, SCFAs)水平,从而对宿主机体健康产生积极影响[4-5]。因此,对益生元的研究开发有助于其在仔猪饲料中的应用。
甘露低聚糖(mannanoligosaccharides, MOS)是一种来源于植物或酵母细胞壁的益生元,含有甘露聚糖和葡聚糖成分。作为一种功能性低聚糖类益生元,MOS在机体免疫、调节肠道菌群和抗炎等方面发挥作用,对维持宿主健康、保持肠道稳态具有重要意义[6]。低聚果糖(fructooligosaccharide, FOS)通常存在于很多水果、蔬菜中,作为一种极具潜在利用价值的益生元,具有增强免疫、调节肠道微生态、促进机体健康等作用[7]。FOS是研究最为深入、应用最为广泛的益生元之一。与FOS相比,MOS源于酵母细胞壁,其独特的甘露糖结构意味着其被肠道微生物利用的方式与代谢终产物可能有所不同。有研究报道,MOS在肠道内经发酵可产生对机体有利的SCFAs,如乙酸、丁酸等,从而为宿主提供大量能量来源;同时,MOS也可产生乳酸,在宿主体内发挥有益作用[8-9]。Kuzmenko等[10]研究发现,MOS可阻止病原菌在宿主肠道内定殖,对肠道微生物区系有积极影响。Yu等[11]发现,在断奶仔猪饲粮中添加0.3%的MOS可有效降低产肠毒素大肠杆菌(enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, ETEC)攻毒后的腹泻发病率和肠上皮损伤。Zhao等[12]则在断奶仔猪基础日粮中添加0.1%的MOS,发现其对仔猪的生长性能及养分消化率有一定促进作用。以上研究提示,MOS在改善仔猪肠道健康方面具有潜在应用前景。然而,MOS对仔猪肠道微生物发酵参数的影响尚不明确。
本研究采用体外发酵的方法探究MOS对仔猪肠道微生物的发酵参数及小肠微生物区系结构的影响,以期为MOS在仔猪营养领域的应用提供理论依据。
本研究所用的发酵底物为MOS和FOS。MOS购自山东丰泰生物科技有限公司,纯度≥90%;FOS购自北京厚嘉生物技术有限公司,纯度≥90%。
基础培养基组成参考Williams等[13]、Dai等[14]及Li等[6]的研究,并在此基础上稍作修改。
基础培养基(g/L),按顺序依次向细颈瓶中加入0.60 g KCl、0.60 g NaCl、0.20 g CaCl2·2H2O、0.50 g MgSO4·7H2O、1.46 g KH2PO4、3.55 g Na2HPO4、1.00 g酶解酪蛋白(trypticase)、0.54 g NH4Cl、10.00 mL微量元素溶液、10.00 mL氯化血红素溶液、1.00 mL刃天青溶液、50.00 mL碳酸氢盐溶液(碳酸氢盐溶液配制:称取82.00 g无水碳酸钠于烧杯中,加1.00 L沸水溶解,需现配现用)。随后加入煮沸的去离子水补齐至1.00 L,再将细颈瓶放入微波炉中加热至沸腾(反复加热煮沸3次),向其中持续通入5 h的CO2。最后对瓶口进行微密封处理。
分装基础培养基入发酵瓶前,在每升溶液中加入1.00 g半胱氨酸盐酸盐,并用0.20 mol/L HCl或0.20 mol/L NaOH溶液调整pH至6.8左右。随后分装90 mL基础培养基至发酵瓶中,盖好橡胶塞并打好铝盖,其间持续通入CO2。最后向每个发酵瓶中加入1.00 mL的维生素磷酸溶液。
微量元素溶液:将15.65 mg NaVO3、12.50 mg MnCl2·4H2O、25.00 mg SeO2、125.00 mg Na2MoO4·2H2O、12.50 mg ZnCl2、12.50 mg CoCl2·6H2O、10.00 mg FeSO4·7H2O、125.00 mg NiCl2·6H2O、125.00 mg H3BO3、25.00 mg CuCl2·2H2O依次加入50 mL烧杯中,用10.00 mL 0.02 mol/L HCl溶解,转移至500 mL容量瓶后用去离子水定容,再分装在棕色瓶中存放备用。
氯化血红素溶液:称取0.10 g氯高铁血红素加入10 mL烧杯中,加入5.00 mL 0.05 mol/L NaOH溶解,转移至500 mL容量瓶后持续通CO2,沸水定容,定容过程中持续通气,随后分装在血清瓶中,用锡纸包好存放备用。
刃天青溶液:将100.00 mg的刃天青溶于100.00 mL去离子水中,每升培养基加1.00 mL刃天青即可。
维生素磷酸溶液:先将27.35 g KH2PO4溶于500.00 mL水中制成溶液,再将10.25 mg叶酸、10.20 mg生物素、82.00 mg泛酸钙、82.00 mg盐酸硫胺、10.25 mg钴胺素、82.00 mg盐酸维生素B6、182.00 mg核黄素、0.20 mg对氨基苯甲酸、82.00 mg烟酰胺依次融入。此溶液使用前先过滤(用2 μm孔径的滤纸过滤)灭菌,并用无菌的有盖试管密封存放。
本研究所采集的肠道食糜来自杜×长×大三元杂交断奶阉公猪。选取仔猪屠宰后,取空肠、结肠,迅速转运至实验室。将预热的发酵瓶置于37 ℃摇床维持恒温状态。之后分肠段取食糜,并按1:9 (质量体积比)的比例用无菌PBS进行稀释,参照余凯凡等[15]的方法经四层纱布过滤即制得接种物。随后将菌群接种物装入发酵瓶,密封并预热,全程通CO2保持厌氧。最后取10 mL预热后的接种物注入含培养基的发酵瓶中。本研究所有动物实验获得南京农业大学实验动物福利与伦理委员会批准,编号为NJAU.No20240529104。
发酵瓶按照其底物类型分为空白对照(blank)组、MOS组和FOS组,每个发酵瓶的总体系均为100 mL。其中试验组配制为80 mL基础培养基+10 mL菌群接种物+10 mL底物,底物浓度为0.1 g/mL;空白对照组配制为90 mL基础培养基+10 mL菌群接种物,不添加底物。每组包含4个重复,每个重复1个发酵瓶。接种菌群后,将发酵瓶置于37 ℃恒温摇床中进行厌氧发酵,分别于0、6、12、24、48 h进行取样,记录累积气体产量并收集发酵液样品用于后续pH值的测定,以及SCFAs、甲酸、乳酸检测和微生物DNA的提取。
累积气体产量的测定参照Li等[16]的方法,使用气压转换器进行测量。发酵液pH值则使用专业pH计(赛默飞世尔科技公司)参照说明书对发酵液样品进行测定。
短链脂肪酸的测定参照Zhang等[17]的方法,使用气相色谱仪测定SCFAs的浓度。
抽取1 mL发酵液,在其中添加200 μL 25%的偏磷酸溶液后,使用小型涡旋仪对其进行涡旋,使之充分混匀,随后存放于-20 ℃过夜。解冻后,将装有发酵液的离心管12 000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液并通过0.22 μm水系聚醚砜滤膜过滤。最终取0.6 μL处理后样品进行上机检测。
气相色谱仪分析所用毛细柱(Supelco公司)规格为30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm。气相色谱仪具体参数:进样器220 ℃,柱温140 ℃,检测器210 ℃,总流量38.96 mL/min,色谱柱流量1 mL/min,载气为氮气,压力为75 kPa,氧气压力45 kPa,氢气压力为55 kPa。
使用高效液相色谱仪(依利特科技公司)对发酵液中的甲酸、乳酸含量进行测定。提取0.6 mL发酵液,在其中添加120 μL 25%偏磷酸,置于-20 ℃过夜。解冻后12 000 r/min离心15 min,收集上清液再次离心,随后将上清液用直径13 mm,孔径0.22 μm,材质为水系聚醚砜的滤膜过滤后取样进行色谱测定。
色谱分析采用色谱柱(规格为4.6 mm×150 mm,粒径5 μm),流动相由20 mmol/L KH2PO4盐溶液与乙腈按99:1配比组成,流速设为0.5 mL/min,检测波长为210 nm,进样量为20 μL,柱温保持在25 ℃。标准品选用乳酸(上海源叶生物科技有限公司)和甲酸(上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司)。
发酵液微生物DNA的提取参照Dai等[14]的方法并作改良。取2 mL发酵液样品,4 ℃、9 000 r/min离心5 min,弃去上清液,重复进行2次以上步骤以富集沉淀。随后加900 μL CTAB缓冲液,并转移至含0.3 g锆珠的管中进行1 min的研磨匀浆(30 Hz),静置30 s后重复3次。然后在70 ℃下孵育20 min,再10 000 r/min离心10 min,离心完毕后取700 μL上清液,向其中加入5 μL的RNA酶(10 mg/mL),在37 ℃下培养30 min。随后加入等体积DNA提取液,涡旋30 s,并以13 000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液并重复2次。最终取300 μL上清液,加入800 μL 95%冰乙醇,-20 ℃保存过夜。次日4 ℃、13 000 r/min离心20 min,弃去上清液,加入500 μL 70%冰乙醇轻轻摇匀,再离心5 min并在室温下干燥20 min,最后加50 μL TE缓冲液对DNA进行溶解。DNA浓度、纯度使用核酸蛋白浓度检测仪器NanoDrop 2000 (ThermoFisher Scientific公司)进行测定,并于-20 ℃保存备用。
16S rRNA基因测序所选择引物为341 F (5′-CCTAYGGGRBGCASCAG-3′)、806 R (5′-G GACTACNNGGGTATCTAAT-3′)。PCR反应体系(20 μL):5×FastPfu Buffer 4 μL,dNTPs (2.5 mmol/L) 2 μL,上、下游引物(5 μmol/L)各0.8 μL,TransStart FastPfu DNA聚合酶(2.5 U/μL) 0.4 μL,Template DNA 10 ng,ddH2O补至20 μL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性30 s,55 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸45 s,共35个循环;72 ℃终延伸10 min;10 ℃保存。扩增完成后,依照Illumina基因组DNA文库制备流程构建双端(pair-end)文库。随后在Illumina平台(上海百源生物科技有限公司)按照标准方案进行2×250 bp双末端测序。获得的原始数据经过严格质量控制和筛选,包括去除低质量及冗余序列、序列拼接与组装,以获得功能操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU)。
微生物获得OTU通过MicrobiomeAnalyst在线分析系统(https://www.microbiomeanalyst.ca/),对微生物门、属水平相对丰度、α多样性和β多样性进行分析。
各项测得数据经Excel 2019进行初步整理后,使用SPSS (version 27.0)软件进行统计分析,包括非参数检验(2个或以上独立样本的Kruskal-Wallis检验)及单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA,Duncan多重比较)。绘图采用GraphPad Prism 8软件。结果以P<0.05表示差异显著,P<0.01表示差异极显著。
体外微生物发酵MOS与FOS在各时间点的pH和产气量情况如图1所示。在空肠微生物作用下,6、24、48 h时MOS组的产气量显著高于FOS组(P<0.05),且两组最大产气量相差约115 mL;在结肠微生物作用下,24 h和48 h时MOS组的产气量显著高于FOS组(P<0.05)。
MOS组在空肠发酵中发酵液的pH均显著高于FOS组(P<0.05),FOS可形成较低的酸性环境(P<0.05);在结肠发酵中,两组pH无显著差异(P>0.05)。
仔猪空肠微生物发酵MOS与FOS在各时间点产SCFAs含量情况如表1所示。在48 h时,与FOS相比MOS极显著地提高了发酵后乙酸含量(P<0.01)。在6 h时,与FOS相比MOS极显著地提高了丙酸含量(P<0.01),但MOS组和FOS组的丁酸含量无明显差异。48 h时MOS组总SCFAs含量极显著地高于FOS组(P<0.01)。
仔猪结肠微生物发酵MOS和FOS在各时间点产SCFAs情况如表2所示。在24 h和48 h时,与FOS组相比MOS组乙酸含量较高(P<0.01)。随着发酵时间的延长,MOS组丙酸含量极显著地低于FOS组(P<0.01)。24 h和48 h时MOS组丁酸含量极显著地高于FOS组(P<0.01)。48 h时MOS组SCFAs的含量高于FOS组(P<0.01)。
仔猪空肠微生物发酵MOS和FOS在各时间点产甲酸和乳酸情况如表3所示。在0、12、24 h时MOS组甲酸含量极显著地低于FOS组(P<0.01),而在6 h时MOS组甲酸含量高于FOS组(P<0.01),但48 h时两组之间无显著差异。此外,0 h和48 h时MOS组乳酸含量极显著地低于FOS组(P<0.01)。
仔猪结肠微生物发酵MOS和FOS在各时间点产甲酸和乳酸情况如表4所示。48 h时MOS组甲酸含量、乳酸含量均极显著地高于FOS组(P<0.01)。
仔猪空肠微生物发酵MOS和FOS在各时间点的微生物多样性结果如表5所示。MOS组与FOS组在覆盖率(Coverage)、Chao1指数和ACE指数无显著差异(P>0.05),而MOS组在发酵48 h的Shannon和Simpson指数极显著地高于FOS组(P<0.01)。微生物β多样性主坐标分析(PCoA)所示(图2),随着发酵时间的延长,MOS组与FOS组之间微生物菌群组成在12 h时并无明显区分,但在48 h时有明显区分。
仔猪空肠微生物发酵MOS与FOS在各时间点发酵液菌群门水平相对丰度的变化情况如图3A所示。发酵液中的微生物主要由放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteriota)、芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)、假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)和梭杆菌门(Fusobacteriota)组成。不同底物的优势菌门均为假单胞菌门和芽孢杆菌门。如图3B所示,在12 h发酵阶段,与FOS组相比,MOS组芽孢杆菌门的相对丰度有降低趋势(P=0.057),MOS组假单胞菌门的相对丰度有升高趋势(P=0.057) (图3C)。如图3D所示,随着发酵时间的延长,在48 h时MOS组放线菌门的相对丰度显著高于FOS组(P<0.05)。
不同底物随发酵时间的延长,发酵液菌群属水平相对丰度的变化如图4所示。各组的主要优势菌属为链球菌属(Streptococcus)、志贺氏菌属-埃希氏菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)和Clostridium sensu stricto 1等(图4A)。不同组的优势菌属有一定差异:发酵12 h后,与FOS组相比,MOS组Escherichia-Shigella的相对丰度有升高趋势(P=0.057) (图4B)。发酵48 h后,MOS组双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)、黏液乳杆菌属(Limosilactobacillus)和巨球形菌属(Megasphaera)的相对丰度显著高于FOS组(P<0.05) (图4C-4E);MOS组宿主关联乳杆菌属(Ligilactobacillus)和链球菌属(Streptococcus)的相对丰度显著低于FOS组(P<0.05) (图4F4G)。
综合本研究结果,MOS较FOS更有利于提升仔猪小肠菌群多样性并优化群落结构。空肠微生物发酵后,MOS组在发酵48 h时的Shannon和Simpson指数高于FOS组,且两组之间微生物菌群组成在48 h时有明显区分。在门、属水平上,发酵48 h后,MOS组放线菌门以及BifidobacteriumLimosilactobacillusMegasphaera菌属的相对丰度高于FOS组,而LigilactobacillusStreptococcus菌属的相对丰度低于FOS组。放线菌门中的Bifidobacterium是重要的益生菌,有助于肠道健康和免疫调节[18]。MOS在空肠发酵时BifidobacteriumLimosilactobacillusMegasphaera的相对丰度显著高于FOS发酵组,提示MOS在空肠更有利于这些有益菌的生长,特别是Bifidobacterium的增殖。Jang等[19]以2% MOS作为碳源评估人类粪便微生物的发酵特性时也发现MOS增加了Bifidobacterium等共生微生物的丰度,与本研究结果相符。
LimosilactobacillusMegasphaera与代谢产物的生成(如SCFAs)有关[20]。SCFA是微生物发酵产生的主要代谢产物,它不仅作为宿主的能量来源,在调控代谢、神经及免疫系统的正常功能中起着不可或缺的作用。在空肠微生物发酵条件下,相较于FOS,MOS产生更多的乙酸和丙酸。48 h时MOS组LimosilactobacillusMegasphaera菌属的相对丰度与乙酸、SCFAs含量呈显著正相关。这提示,MOS通过富集这些产乙酸菌促进了乙酸的生成,为宿主提供了更有效的能量来源,有益于肠道健康。O’Callaghan等[21]的研究证实了MOS对急性腹泻具有改善作用。
MOS与FOS在仔猪肠道微生物发酵产气量及pH变化方面表现出显著差异。BifidobacteriumMegasphaera是已知的产气菌,可利用发酵产生氢气、二氧化碳等气体,Megasphaera尤其与产气密切相关[22]。因此,MOS组在空肠与结肠中更高的产气量,可归因于其特异性富集的产气菌属,如BifidobacteriumMegasphaera。对于pH而言,MOS和FOS在发酵过程中均产生了SCFA,所以相对于空白对照组,二者pH均下降,且MOS在发酵前期可以快速降低pH,这对抑制肠道内的病原菌有重要意义。随着SCFA的积累,pH继续降低,有利于建立健康的微生物区系,进一步抑制病原菌生长。FOS组中LigilactobacillusStreptococcus的相对丰度较高,这些菌属主要通过乳酸发酵途径代谢底物,发酵过程会生成较多的乳酸,乳酸酸性较强,使得FOS组发酵液pH低于MOS组。
在有机酸代谢方面,甲酸与乳酸的生成进一步揭示了MOS和FOS的不同发酵特征。甲酸通常是某些微生物代谢的中间产物,其含量变化与底物利用速度和代谢途径有关;而乳酸是乳酸菌(如LigilactobacillusStreptococcus)通过乳酸发酵途径生成的主要代谢产物,也是维持肠道健康的重要能源,可通过菌种间的交叉喂养作为中间代谢物代谢产生乙酸、丙酸和丁酸[23]。在空肠微生物发酵中,FOS组甲酸含量极显著地高于MOS组,可能是FOS结构较为简单,可被快速降解生成较多的甲酸作为中间产物。此外,FOS组中乳酸含量较高,提示FOS更倾向于被微生物利用生成乳酸,这正与FOS组LigilactobacillusStreptococcus的相对丰度显著高于MOS组相对应。同时,Megasphaera作为乳酸利用菌,也与MOS组空肠发酵中乳酸含量的下降有关。
除此之外,对比空肠与结肠体外发酵,MOS和FOS在不同肠段的代谢差异也值得探讨。空肠发酵反应迅速,MOS通过快速提升菌群多样性并促进乙酸生成,有助于在消化吸收的主要部位强化肠道屏障、抑制病原菌定殖。结肠发酵则更为充分持久,MOS能持续产生更高浓度的乙酸和SCFAs,为宿主提供稳定能量来源并调节全身生理功能。这提示相较于FOS,MOS能够在全肠道协调发挥作用,既能在前端优化微环境,又能在后端高效供能。
综上所述,MOS和FOS展现出了不同的微生物发酵特性。与FOS相比,MOS在整个发酵过程中被肠道菌群利用产生大量乙酸等SCFAs,增加产气量;且能够显著提高空肠BifidobacteriumLimosilactobacillus的相对丰度,改善仔猪小肠微生物区系。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32372830)
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2026年第66卷第3期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250752
  • 接收时间:2025-10-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-12
  • 出版时间:2026-03-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-07
  • 录用日期:2025-11-26
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National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372830)
国家自然科学基金(32372830)
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    南京农业大学,消化道微生物研究室,江苏省消化道营养与动物健康重点实验室,国家动物消化道营养国际 联合研究中心,江苏 南京

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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