Article(id=1238813319268725089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1238813307784712441, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250779, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1760544000000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1766592000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-12-25, onlineDate=1773285711352, onlineDateStr=2026-03-12, pubDate=1772553600000, pubDateStr=2026-03-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773285711352, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773285711352, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773285711352, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1238813307784712441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='3', pageStart='961', pageEnd='1466', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773285708614, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773291912509, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1238839328915378858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1238813307784712441, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1238839328915378859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1238813307784712441, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1259, endPage=1277, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1238813319625240952, articleId=1238813319268725089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Biocontrol effect of Streptomyces hebeiensis JL9001 on tomato Fusarium wilt and whole genome sequence analysis, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To isolate the Streptomyces hebeiensis strain JL9001 with significant biocontrol potential against tomato Fusarium wilt from Pseudostellaria heterophylla roots, elucidate the complete genome sequence and functional annotation of the strain, and extract genetic data pertaining to its secondary metabolites, thus offering a valuable microbial resource and a theoretical foundation for the biological management of tomato Fusarium wilt. Methods The colony morphology on various media was examined via the plate streaking technique. The antagonistic properties of strain JL9001 against Fusarium oxysporum were evaluated through the plate confrontation assay. The activities of metabolites (crude fermentation extract) against F. oxysporum were assessed via the microdilution method. The effectiveness of strain JL9001 in managing tomato Fusarium wilt was evaluated through root drenching with the fermentation broth. Whole genome sequencing of strain JL9001 was conducted, and the sequencing data were analyzed by appropriate software for species identification, gene prediction, functional annotation, and prediction of secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters. Results Strain JL9001 demonstrated optimal spore production on the SIM medium. Antagonistic assays indicated that it inhibited the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum by 40.18%. Furthermore, the crude fermentation extract at a concentration of 1 000 μg/mL completely inhibited F. oxysporum. Pot trials revealed that irrigation with the fermentation broth of JL9001 resulted in a 51.61% reduction in tomato Fusarium wilt on day 13. The genome of strain JL9001 comprised 7 700 822 base pairs with the G+C content of 71.46%, encompassing 6 589 genes. Analysis predicted the presence of 27 biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites including terpenoids, polyketides, and siderophores, which may possess antimicrobial properties. Conclusion This study elucidates, through antagonistic and pot experiments, that strain JL9001 effectively mitigates the incidence of tomato Fusarium wilt. The analysis of the genomic composition and functional gene information of strain JL9001 provides a basis for exploring the antimicrobial mechanisms of natural products, examining secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters, and assessing the potential of Streptomyces-derived secondary metabolites.

, correspAuthors=Fudong WANG, Lin JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: JIANG Lin,
WANG Fudong,
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#These authors contributed equally to this work.

, authorsList=Xuecheng SUN, Jie PENG, Yutong FENG, Sai JIANG, Dousheng WU, Hongli JIANG, Shunxiang LI, Fudong WANG, Lin JIANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1238813324071203460, articleId=1238813319268725089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=河北链霉菌JL9001对番茄枯萎病的防治效果及全基因组序列分析, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 从太子参中分离出对番茄枯萎病具有较强生防潜力的河北链霉菌(Streptomyces hebeiensis)JL9001,解析其全基因组序列与功能注释信息,挖掘其次级代谢产物的基因信息,为番茄枯萎病的生物防治提供优良菌种资源及理论依据。 方法 采用平板划线法研究不同培养基上菌落的形态,利用平板对峙法探究菌株JL9001对尖孢镰孢菌的拮抗效果;通过萃取发酵粗提物,运用微量稀释法探究其代谢产物对尖孢镰孢菌的活性;采用发酵液灌根法评估菌株JL9001对番茄枯萎病的防治效果。对菌株JL9001进行全基因组测序,并运用相关软件对测序数据进行种属鉴定、基因预测、功能注释以及次级代谢产物合成基因簇预测等。 结果 菌株JL9001在SIM培养基上生长产孢效果最佳。拮抗试验表明,其对尖孢镰孢菌菌丝生长的抑制率达40.18%;在1 000 μg/mL浓度下萃取的代谢粗提物能够完全抑制尖孢镰孢菌。盆栽试验表明,浇灌JL9001发酵液后第13天对番茄枯萎病的抑制率达51.61%。菌株JL9001基因组序列总长为7 700 822 bp,G+C含量为71.46%,总基因数为6 589个;同时预测到27个次级代谢产物合成基因簇,其中包括萜烯、聚酮化合物以及铁载体等具有潜在抗菌活性的代谢产物。 结论 本研究通过拮抗和盆栽试验表明,菌株JL9001可有效抑制番茄枯萎病的发生。对菌株JL9001基因组的构成和功能基因信息进行分析,为探究抗菌性天然产物的抑菌机制、分析其次级代谢产物合成基因簇以及评估链霉菌次生代谢产物的潜力奠定了基础。

, correspAuthors=王福东, 蒋林, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=PeEcnb1V2fj3LoosEyDVrA==, magXml=MAGyyjURznMTMebvjR/V6Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=cpjFCE+blaNaGmSfvUBKOg==, pdfFileSize=3558763, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=52amnbFrJ7tZD8qpdP7Ecg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=R4gq95jA3abrlVpL5O3OHA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

作者贡献声明

孙学成:实验实施,数据收集和处理、论文撰写和修改;彭婕:数据分析,论文撰写和修改;冯与同:论文润色、修改;蒋赛:实验实施与指导;伍斗生:提供语言润色;蒋竑立:项目管理;李顺祥:提供资源;王福东:监督管理,审阅;蒋林:获取基金,指导研究方向与数据解读,审核论文撰写与定稿。

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A: Colony morphologies on the front and back surfaces of JL9001 on five selective media; B: Phylogenetic tree analysis of Streptomyces hebeiensis JL9001 (The sequence numbers in parentheses represent the strain’s accession number in the GenBank database; The numbers at branch points indicate bootstrap values, reflecting the reliability of phylogenetic tree branches)., figureFileSmall=Nn4NK+c75osfZOYSITxdMg==, figureFileBig=y9LkW3W8UF7b+doXWzs+9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891100665082040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319268725089, language=CN, label=图1, caption=菌株JL9001不同菌落形态及系统发育树。A:JL9001菌株在5种分离培养基上正反面的菌落形态;B:Streptomyces hebeiensis JL9001的系统发育树分析(括号里的序列编号为菌株在GenBank数据库中的登录号;分支点处的数字表示自举值,反映系统发育树分支的可靠性)。, figureFileSmall=Nn4NK+c75osfZOYSITxdMg==, figureFileBig=y9LkW3W8UF7b+doXWzs+9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891100816076995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319268725089, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Antagonistic activity of strain JL9001 against Fusarium oxysporum. A: Changes in colony diameter of Fusarium oxysporum during 96-144 h under confrontation and separate cultivation conditions (Different lowercase letters in the bar chart indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level); B: Inhibition rate of Fusarium oxysporum growth by JL9001 (Different lowercase letters in the bar chart indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level); C: Fusarium oxysporum after 144 hours of sole cultivation; D: Fusarium oxysporum after 144 hours of co-culture with JL9001; E: Inhibitory effect of crude extract from JL9001 on Fusarium oxysporum., figureFileSmall=Fqfuzb2fr+yCBXZC0TlZfw==, figureFileBig=usHd194GVXdoAEc+ZzMN9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891100925128905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319268725089, language=CN, label=图2, caption=菌株JL9001拮抗尖孢镰孢菌活性。A:尖孢镰孢菌在对峙培养与单独培养条件下96-144 h的菌落直径变化(柱状图中不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平上存在显著差异);B:JL9001对尖孢镰孢菌生长的抑制率(柱状图中不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平上存在显著差异);C:单独培养144 h后的尖孢镰孢菌;D:与JL9001对峙培养144 h后的尖孢镰孢菌;E:JL9001粗提物对尖孢镰孢菌的抑制效果。, figureFileSmall=Fqfuzb2fr+yCBXZC0TlZfw==, figureFileBig=usHd194GVXdoAEc+ZzMN9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891101071929552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319268725089, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Control effect of fermentation liquid from strain JL9001 on tomato Fusarium wilt. A: Front view of the control effect of fermentation liquid from strain JL9001 on tomato Fusarium wilt (CK: Blank control group; JL9001: Treatment group; NC: Negative control group); B: Top view of the control effect of fermentation liquid from strain JL9001 on tomato Fusarium wilt; C: Effect of fermentation liquid treatment from strain JL9001 on the disease index of tomato Fusarium wilt; D: Effect of fermentation liquid treatment from strain JL9001 on the control efficacy of tomato Fusarium wilt., figureFileSmall=j2y8UUjG6RuernejLUyOpA==, figureFileBig=9P050DlzLhpwkPw/T2Ippw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891101180981465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319268725089, language=CN, label=图3, caption=菌株JL9001发酵液对番茄枯萎病的防治效果。A:菌株JL9001发酵液对番茄枯萎病防治效果主视图(CK:空白对照组;JL9001:给药组;NC:阴性对照组);B:菌株JL9001发酵液对番茄枯萎病防治效果俯视图;C:菌株JL9001发酵液处理对番茄枯萎病病情指数的影响;D:菌株JL9001发酵液处理对番茄枯萎病防效的影响。, figureFileSmall=j2y8UUjG6RuernejLUyOpA==, figureFileBig=9P050DlzLhpwkPw/T2Ippw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891101311004897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319268725089, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Genome structure of strain JL9001. A: Circular chromosome map (The outermost circle indicates genome size; The second and third circles represent genes on the positive and negative strands of the genome, respectively; The fourth circle shows repetitive sequences; The fifth circle displays tRNA and rRNA; The sixth circle indicates G+C content; The innermost circle represents the G+C skew value); B: Circular plasmid A map; C: Circular plasmid B map., figureFileSmall=4bg3wLDOBC4UNdab7B/wXg==, figureFileBig=AAyzQ5paWGBTckJED3bC9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891101432639719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319268725089, language=CN, label=图4, caption=菌株JL9001基因组情况。A:染色体圈图(最外面一圈为基因组大小的标示;第2圈和第3圈分别为基因组正链和负链上的基因;第4圈为重复序列;第5圈为tRNA和rRNA;第6圈为G+C含量;最内圈是G+C skew值);B:质粒A圈图;C:质粒B圈图。, figureFileSmall=4bg3wLDOBC4UNdab7B/wXg==, figureFileBig=AAyzQ5paWGBTckJED3bC9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891101562663152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319268725089, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Functional annotation of strain JL9001 in general databases. A: Statistical classification diagram of GO functional annotations for JL9001; B: Statistical classification diagram of KEGG annotations for JL9001; C: Statistical classification diagram of eggNOG functional annotations for JL9001., figureFileSmall=lxxWFJM8NE0IOrZCRnyaKA==, figureFileBig=M9nKceZWaOsSVg2BwZvPxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891101680103670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319268725089, language=CN, label=图5, caption=菌株JL9001通用数据库功能注释。A:JL9001的GO功能注释分类统计图;B:JL9001的KEGG注释分类统计图;C:JL9001的eggNOG功能注释分类统计图。, figureFileSmall=lxxWFJM8NE0IOrZCRnyaKA==, figureFileBig=M9nKceZWaOsSVg2BwZvPxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891101793349882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319268725089, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Prediction of partial BCGs and their corresponding compounds of strain JL9001 using antiSMASH v5.0.0 software. A: Partial BCGs identified in the genome of strain JL9001; B: Corresponding compounds or homologues of the BCGs., figureFileSmall=zJdxCcqQdV05EKF8qj3koQ==, figureFileBig=sN6avCqIHsq4ddY5DPVdfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891101914984702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319268725089, language=CN, label=图6, caption=利用antiSMASH v5.0.0软件预测菌株JL9001的部分BCGs及化合物。A:预测出的菌株JL9001基因组中的部分BCGs;B:BCGs对应的化合物或同系物。, figureFileSmall=zJdxCcqQdV05EKF8qj3koQ==, figureFileBig=sN6avCqIHsq4ddY5DPVdfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891103391379718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319268725089, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Statistical summary of carbohydrate enzymes in strain JL9001

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TypeNumberPercentage (%)

GH

GT

CE

CBM

AA

PL

139

66

54

53

21

10

38.73

19.81

16.21

15.91

6.30

3.00

), ArticleFig(id=1238891103542374670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319268725089, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

菌株JL9001碳水化合物酶统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TypeNumberPercentage (%)

GH

GT

CE

CBM

AA

PL

139

66

54

53

21

10

38.73

19.81

16.21

15.91

6.30

3.00

), ArticleFig(id=1238891103693369626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319268725089, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites in strain JL9001

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NumberTypeMost similar known clusterReaction product typeSimilarity (%)
1Thiopeptide, LAP---
2T3PKS, NAPAA

Merochlorin A/Merochlorin B/Deschloro-merochlorin A/Deschloro-merochlorin B/Isochloro-merochlorin B/

Dichloro-merochlorin B/Merochlorin D/Merochlorin C

Terpene+Polyketide: type III7
3TerpeneCarotenoidTerpene63
4Lanthipeptide-class-IIISch-47554/Sch-47555Polyketide3
5NRPSCoelichelinNRP100
6T1PKS, NRPSCombamideNRP+Polyketide55
7NRPS-likeKirromycinNRP+Polyketide: modular type I+Polyketide: trans-AT type I3
8EctoineEctoineOther100
9NRPSRimosamideNRP21
10ButyrolactoneMethylenomycin AOther9
11SiderophoreDesferrioxamin BOther100
12Lanthipeptide-class-I---
13TerpeneGeosminTerpene100
14TerpeneEbelactonePolyketide8
15PhenazineEndophenazine A/Endophenazine BOther: phenazine44
16Other, NRPS, oligosaccharideMycinamicin IIPolyketide14
17SiderophoreFicellomycinNRP3
18

T2PKS, NRPS-like

butyrolactone

GranaticinPolyketide: type II35
19RiPP-like---
20TerpeneConglobatinNRP15
21TerpeneHopeneTerpene69
22RiPP-like---
23Lanthipeptide-class-IIISapBRiPP: lanthipeptide100
24T3PKSAlkylresorcinolPolyketide100
25ArylpolyeneChloramphenicolNRP11
26T3PKS (1-34 513)Violapyrone BPolyketide28
27T3PKS (87 427-121 447)Violapyrone BPolyketide28
), ArticleFig(id=1238891103831781667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813319268725089, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

菌株JL9001次级代谢产物生物合成基因簇

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NumberTypeMost similar known clusterReaction product typeSimilarity (%)
1Thiopeptide, LAP---
2T3PKS, NAPAA

Merochlorin A/Merochlorin B/Deschloro-merochlorin A/Deschloro-merochlorin B/Isochloro-merochlorin B/

Dichloro-merochlorin B/Merochlorin D/Merochlorin C

Terpene+Polyketide: type III7
3TerpeneCarotenoidTerpene63
4Lanthipeptide-class-IIISch-47554/Sch-47555Polyketide3
5NRPSCoelichelinNRP100
6T1PKS, NRPSCombamideNRP+Polyketide55
7NRPS-likeKirromycinNRP+Polyketide: modular type I+Polyketide: trans-AT type I3
8EctoineEctoineOther100
9NRPSRimosamideNRP21
10ButyrolactoneMethylenomycin AOther9
11SiderophoreDesferrioxamin BOther100
12Lanthipeptide-class-I---
13TerpeneGeosminTerpene100
14TerpeneEbelactonePolyketide8
15PhenazineEndophenazine A/Endophenazine BOther: phenazine44
16Other, NRPS, oligosaccharideMycinamicin IIPolyketide14
17SiderophoreFicellomycinNRP3
18

T2PKS, NRPS-like

butyrolactone

GranaticinPolyketide: type II35
19RiPP-like---
20TerpeneConglobatinNRP15
21TerpeneHopeneTerpene69
22RiPP-like---
23Lanthipeptide-class-IIISapBRiPP: lanthipeptide100
24T3PKSAlkylresorcinolPolyketide100
25ArylpolyeneChloramphenicolNRP11
26T3PKS (1-34 513)Violapyrone BPolyketide28
27T3PKS (87 427-121 447)Violapyrone BPolyketide28
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河北链霉菌JL9001对番茄枯萎病的防治效果及全基因组序列分析
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孙学成 1 , 彭婕 1 , 冯与同 1 , 蒋赛 2 , 伍斗生 3 , 蒋竑立 4 , 李顺祥 1 , 王福东 1, * , 蒋林 1, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(3): 1259-1277
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026, 66(3): 1259-1277
河北链霉菌JL9001对番茄枯萎病的防治效果及全基因组序列分析
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孙学成1, 彭婕1, 冯与同1, 蒋赛2, 伍斗生3, 蒋竑立4, 李顺祥1, 王福东1, * , 蒋林1, *
作者信息
  • 1.湖南中医药大学 药学院,湖南省中药活性物质筛选工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙
  • 2.湖南省中医药研究院 中药创新药物研究所,湖南 长沙
  • 3.湖南大学 生物学院,植物功能基因组学与发育调控湖南省重点实验室,湖南 长沙
  • 4.长沙康禾药育科技有限公司,湖南 长沙
Biocontrol effect of Streptomyces hebeiensis JL9001 on tomato Fusarium wilt and whole genome sequence analysis
Xuecheng SUN1, Jie PENG1, Yutong FENG1, Sai JIANG2, Dousheng WU3, Hongli JIANG4, Shunxiang LI1, Fudong WANG1, * , Lin JIANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Bioactive Substance Discovery of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
  • 2.Institute of Innovation Drug Research for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
  • 3.Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
  • 4.Changsha Concord Herbs Cultivation Technology Co. , Ltd. , Changsha, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2026-03-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250779
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目的 从太子参中分离出对番茄枯萎病具有较强生防潜力的河北链霉菌(Streptomyces hebeiensis)JL9001,解析其全基因组序列与功能注释信息,挖掘其次级代谢产物的基因信息,为番茄枯萎病的生物防治提供优良菌种资源及理论依据。 方法 采用平板划线法研究不同培养基上菌落的形态,利用平板对峙法探究菌株JL9001对尖孢镰孢菌的拮抗效果;通过萃取发酵粗提物,运用微量稀释法探究其代谢产物对尖孢镰孢菌的活性;采用发酵液灌根法评估菌株JL9001对番茄枯萎病的防治效果。对菌株JL9001进行全基因组测序,并运用相关软件对测序数据进行种属鉴定、基因预测、功能注释以及次级代谢产物合成基因簇预测等。 结果 菌株JL9001在SIM培养基上生长产孢效果最佳。拮抗试验表明,其对尖孢镰孢菌菌丝生长的抑制率达40.18%;在1 000 μg/mL浓度下萃取的代谢粗提物能够完全抑制尖孢镰孢菌。盆栽试验表明,浇灌JL9001发酵液后第13天对番茄枯萎病的抑制率达51.61%。菌株JL9001基因组序列总长为7 700 822 bp,G+C含量为71.46%,总基因数为6 589个;同时预测到27个次级代谢产物合成基因簇,其中包括萜烯、聚酮化合物以及铁载体等具有潜在抗菌活性的代谢产物。 结论 本研究通过拮抗和盆栽试验表明,菌株JL9001可有效抑制番茄枯萎病的发生。对菌株JL9001基因组的构成和功能基因信息进行分析,为探究抗菌性天然产物的抑菌机制、分析其次级代谢产物合成基因簇以及评估链霉菌次生代谢产物的潜力奠定了基础。

番茄枯萎病  /  尖孢镰孢菌番茄专化型  /  链霉菌  /  生物防治  /  全基因组测序

Objective To isolate the Streptomyces hebeiensis strain JL9001 with significant biocontrol potential against tomato Fusarium wilt from Pseudostellaria heterophylla roots, elucidate the complete genome sequence and functional annotation of the strain, and extract genetic data pertaining to its secondary metabolites, thus offering a valuable microbial resource and a theoretical foundation for the biological management of tomato Fusarium wilt. Methods The colony morphology on various media was examined via the plate streaking technique. The antagonistic properties of strain JL9001 against Fusarium oxysporum were evaluated through the plate confrontation assay. The activities of metabolites (crude fermentation extract) against F. oxysporum were assessed via the microdilution method. The effectiveness of strain JL9001 in managing tomato Fusarium wilt was evaluated through root drenching with the fermentation broth. Whole genome sequencing of strain JL9001 was conducted, and the sequencing data were analyzed by appropriate software for species identification, gene prediction, functional annotation, and prediction of secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters. Results Strain JL9001 demonstrated optimal spore production on the SIM medium. Antagonistic assays indicated that it inhibited the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum by 40.18%. Furthermore, the crude fermentation extract at a concentration of 1 000 μg/mL completely inhibited F. oxysporum. Pot trials revealed that irrigation with the fermentation broth of JL9001 resulted in a 51.61% reduction in tomato Fusarium wilt on day 13. The genome of strain JL9001 comprised 7 700 822 base pairs with the G+C content of 71.46%, encompassing 6 589 genes. Analysis predicted the presence of 27 biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites including terpenoids, polyketides, and siderophores, which may possess antimicrobial properties. Conclusion This study elucidates, through antagonistic and pot experiments, that strain JL9001 effectively mitigates the incidence of tomato Fusarium wilt. The analysis of the genomic composition and functional gene information of strain JL9001 provides a basis for exploring the antimicrobial mechanisms of natural products, examining secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters, and assessing the potential of Streptomyces-derived secondary metabolites.

tomato Fusarium wilt  /  Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici  /  Streptomyces  /  biocontrol  /  whole genome sequencing
孙学成, 彭婕, 冯与同, 蒋赛, 伍斗生, 蒋竑立, 李顺祥, 王福东, 蒋林. 河北链霉菌JL9001对番茄枯萎病的防治效果及全基因组序列分析. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (3) : 1259 -1277 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250779
Xuecheng SUN, Jie PENG, Yutong FENG, Sai JIANG, Dousheng WU, Hongli JIANG, Shunxiang LI, Fudong WANG, Lin JIANG. Biocontrol effect of Streptomyces hebeiensis JL9001 on tomato Fusarium wilt and whole genome sequence analysis[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (3) : 1259 -1277 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250779
番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)是世界上最重要的经济作物之一,我国是世界前五大番茄生产国,产量约为6 280万t[1]。在规模化种植格局下番茄产业已成为我国农业经济的重要组成部分。然而,土传病害的频发严重制约了番茄产量的提升与品质的保障,其中番茄枯萎病是由尖孢镰孢菌番茄专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Fol)引起的一种典型的土传维管束病害[2]。该病害的典型症状表现为初期叶片萎蔫,继而植株生长受阻,下部叶片黄化,并伴随渐进性枯萎与落叶,最终导致植株死亡[3]。在我国尖孢镰孢菌病害的发生率在40%-70%之间[4],对我国番茄产业构成严重威胁。一方面尖孢镰孢菌包含超过120个专化型,不仅可以感染番茄,还能够危害蔬菜、花卉、棉花等大田作物,以及香蕉、枣椰和油棕等种植园作物[5]。另一方面尖孢镰孢菌环境适应力强,其致病机制复杂,寄主范围广且可潜伏侵染,因此被认为是全球作物生产系统中最具破坏性的土传病原体之一,这使得番茄枯萎病的防控面临着严峻挑战[6]。番茄枯萎病的有效防控主要依赖于抗病品种选育、轮作以及广泛应用的化学防治等措施[7]。抗病品种选育周期长、抗性持久性不足,土地资源限制致使轮作措施难以有效实施,这些因素均制约了尖孢镰孢菌枯萎病的防治效果[7]。截至目前,化学防治仍是应对土传病害的主要方式,当病害进入严重暴发阶段时通常需要采用高剂量、多频次的杀菌剂施用方案。这不仅会直接诱导病原菌抗药性的形成,还会造成农药在土壤环境中残留与富集,严重干扰了土壤微生物群落的结构与功能[8]。因此,寻找并开发出一种绿色无污染的防控技术已成为实现番茄枯萎病可持续治理的重要途径。
利用微生物拮抗作用实施生物防治是替代化学农药的有效策略,与传统化学药物防治相比生物防治具有不易诱发病虫害抗性、残留毒性低以及环境污染小等优势[9]。链霉菌(Streptomyces)作为革兰氏阳性菌,拥有卓越的次级代谢能力,目前医药及农业中使用的超过70%的天然产物由该菌产生,其还能合成吲哚-3-乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)、细胞外蛋白酶、抗生素、挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds, VOCs)、铁载体等多种抗菌活性物质,是一类具有潜力的天然生防资源[10-11]。目前,已经从链霉菌代谢产物中分离出对多种植物病原菌具有广谱抑菌活性的新型生物活性化合物。例如:链霉菌STRM103和STRM104对尖孢镰孢菌番茄专化型TFPK401、TFPK101菌株的菌丝生长抑制率分别达78.1%和65.0%,不仅能有效抑制病原菌,还能显著促进番茄种子萌发与幼苗生长[12]。链霉菌SP5也对早期枯萎病具有显著防控潜力,可作为防治真菌病害的生物制剂与提高作物产量的生物肥料,具备良好的农业应用前景[13]。值得注意的是,链霉菌可产生丰富的次级代谢产物,包括多种抗生素、酶及挥发性有机化合物等,具有多样的生物活性,已成为挖掘新型天然产物的重要来源[10]
河北链霉菌(Streptomyces hebeiensis) JL9001是本课题组从药用植物太子参中分离得到的一株对尖孢镰孢菌番茄专化型拮抗活性较强的链霉菌。本研究通过拮抗试验和盆栽试验对菌株JL9001的生防效果进行了评估,并对菌株JL9001进行全基因组测序,揭示该菌株产生多种抗菌活性物质的潜能,为实现番茄枯萎病的绿色防控提供有效的微生物解决方案。
河北链霉菌(S. hebeiensis) JL9001分离自药用植物太子参(Pseudostellariaheterophylly),致病菌株为尖孢镰孢菌番茄专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Fol),菌株由本实验室于-80 ℃冰箱(中科美菱低温科技股份有限公司)冻存保藏。试验所用番茄幼苗由湖南省中药活性物质筛选工程技术研究中心提供。
PDA培养基(g/L):马铃薯葡萄糖肉汤26.0;YPD培养基(g/L):酵母提取物10.0,蛋白胨20.0,d-无水葡萄糖20.0;SIM培养基(g/L):可溶性淀粉1.0,酪蛋白胨0.4,KH2PO4 0.2,KNO3 0.2,CaCO3 0.1,MgSO4·7H2O 0.1;G1培养基(g/L):可溶性淀粉20.0,KNO3 1.0,K2HPO4 0.5,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5,NaCl 0.5,1% FeSO4 1.0 mL/L;R2A培养基(g/L):酵母膏0.5,蛋白胨0.5,酪蛋白水解物0.15,葡萄糖0.15,可溶性淀粉0.5,丙酮酸钠0.3,K2HPO4 0.3,MgSO4·7H2O 0.05;SC培养基(g/L):可溶性淀粉10.0,酪蛋白胨0.3,KNO3 2.0,MgSO4·7H2O 0.05,NaCl 2.0,K2HPO4 2.0,CaCO3 0.02,1% FeSO4 1.0 mL/L;ISP2培养基(g/L):d-无水葡萄糖4.0,麦芽浸粉10.0,酵母浸粉4.0;TSBY培养基(g/L):含0.6%酵母浸膏胰酪胨大豆肉汤36.0;G1G培养基(g/L):可溶性淀粉6.0,d-无水葡萄糖4.0,酪蛋白胨0.4,K2HPO4 0.5,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5,NaCl 0.5,1% FeSO4 1.0 mL/L。培养基成分购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司。固体培养基添加琼脂20.0 g/L,液体培养基不添加琼脂,配制后于115 ℃、30 min蒸汽灭菌后使用。
将采集的太子参置于净化工作台(苏州净化设备有限公司)中,用无菌剪刀及镊子分离出根茎部位,去除大块土壤而保留根际土,随后用无菌研钵捣碎并加入适量无菌水混悬以释放出植物共附生菌。用移液器将研钵中原液(100)转移至无菌离心管中,取原液加无菌水梯度稀释至10-1、10-2、10-3混匀,得到4个梯度的样品溶液。以每块平板200 μL的量将样品溶液分别涂布于SIM、G1、R2A、SC、ISP2等5种分离培养基上,28 ℃培养3-7 d,在此期间根据菌落形态挑选链霉菌菌落,并在对应培养基中进行纯化培养。挑取纯化菌株单菌落至TSBY培养基中,置于恒温振荡器(苏州捷美电子有限公司)中28 ℃、180 r/min培养2-3 d,取0.6 mL种子液与浓度40%的甘油1:1混合后置于无菌EP管中,并置于-80 ℃冰箱冻存。
从太子参中共分离得到17株链霉菌,通过平板对峙试验对这17株链霉菌进行了针对尖孢镰孢菌的活性测试,其中菌株JL9001表现出良好的拮抗效果,被选用本研究。为观察菌株JL9001在不同分离培养基中的菌落形态,挑取菌株JL9001菌落,用平板划线法接种至5种分离培养基中进行纯化培养,并拍照记录7 d后平板正面(front)和反面(back)的菌落形态。
在超净台中挑取纯化完成的菌株JL9001的单菌落至含50 mL TSBY种子培养基的250 mL摇瓶中,置于恒温振荡器中28 ℃、180 r/min培养2-3 d后,取菌液至无菌EP管中,4 ℃、2 500 r/min离心5 min收集菌体。按EasyPure Bacteria Genomic DNA Kit (北京全式金生物技术有限公司)说明提取链霉菌DNA;使用琼脂糖凝胶电泳和NanoDrop 2000分光光度计(ThermoFisher Scientific公司)评估分离的DNA纯度和浓度,将经过验证的DNA保存于-20 °C备用。
采用通用引物27F/1492R[14]进行16S rRNA基因扩增,然后通过1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳评估扩增产物,再使用QIA凝胶提取试剂盒(Qiagen-Hilden公司)进行纯化。PCR反应由北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司完成。使用NCBI-BLASTn和EzBioCloud数据库(https://www.ezbiocloud. net)进行序列相似性搜索和成对相似性分析[15]。使用ContigExpress软件对16S rRNA基因序列进行拼接,利用MEGA 11.0[16]软件进行序列比对,利用邻接法和1 000次重复的自举值构建系统发育树。
通过平板对峙试验评估菌株JL9001对尖孢镰孢菌番茄专化型的抗真菌活性,平板对峙试验参照Liu等[17]的方法进行。实验组中,将尖孢镰孢菌接种于PDA固体培养基中央,菌株JL9001接种于距离尖孢镰孢菌20 mm的4个对称点上,仅接种尖孢镰孢菌的PDA培养基为对照组,每组处理重复3次,于28 ℃倒置培养。经6 d共培养后,评估尖孢镰孢菌与菌株JL9001间的菌落相互作用程度。分别在96、120、144 h采用十字交叉法记录实验组和对照组中尖孢镰孢菌的菌落直径。抑制率按Dhanabalan等[18]的方法计算,如公式(1)所示。
抑制率=(C-T)/C×100%
式中:C为对照组的菌落直径,T为实验组的菌落直径。
挑选SIM平板上生长的JL9001单菌落至TSBY种子培养基中,28 ℃、180 r/min培养2-3 d,按1:10的接种比例接种至G1G生产培养基中发酵7 d得到发酵液。发酵液加入乙酸乙酯1:1超声萃取3次,收集乙酸乙酯层并在减压45 ℃旋转蒸发下挥去溶剂,称重剩余固体并加入DMSO溶解至浓度为50 mg/mL,即为JL9001发酵粗提物。尖孢镰孢菌接种至YPD液体培养基中培养24 h后使用酶标仪(Bio-Tek公司)调节OD530=0.15备用。采用微量稀释法测试JL9001粗提物的抗菌活性,尖孢镰孢菌按1%的接种比例接种至含链霉菌粗提物的PDA培养基(含0.5%的琼脂)中,加入至24孔细胞培养板中,每孔400 μL,每个样品重复3次,28 ℃培养,粗提物浓度范围为250-1 000 μg/mL,以百菌清(50 μg/mL)作为阳性对照(PC),DMSO作为阴性对照,48 h后肉眼观察不到真菌长出即为有抑制效果。
将菌株JL9001发酵7 d的发酵液超声30 min,使代谢产物充分溶解,并过滤使菌液分离,得到澄清发酵液。尖孢镰孢菌接种至YPD液体培养基中培养72 h后调节OD530=1.5备用。采用自然土壤灌溉试验评估JL9001发酵液防治番茄枯萎病的效果。选用大小一致且无枝叶破损的番茄幼苗。试验共设3个处理,分别为空白对照组(CK):清水处理;阴性对照组(NC):清水处理后接种尖孢镰孢菌;给药组(JL9001):生防菌JL9001发酵液处理后接种尖孢镰孢菌。具体操作如下:首先用无菌小刀在所有番茄植株根基部进行划伤,然后分别用10 mL无菌水和10 mL的JL9001发酵液灌根处理番茄植株,12 h后给药组与阴性对照组接种6 mL的尖孢镰孢菌菌液(OD530=1.5),CK组不作处理,每组重复8株。接种尖孢镰孢菌后的植株置于28 ℃,75%相对湿度,12 h光照周期的生长箱中,每天浇5 mL水保证植株正常生长。随后每隔24 h使用疾病指数量表记录病害症状(疾病指数量表参考Han等[19],其评分范围为0-4分:1分表示1%-25%的叶片受损;2分表示26%-50%的叶片出现枯萎;3分表示51%-75%的叶片枯萎;4分表示76%-100%的叶片枯萎),并计算对番茄枯萎病的控制效率,如公式(2)所示。
控制效率=(DIₙ-DIt)/DIₙ×100%
式中:DIₙ为阴性对照组(清水处理的幼苗)的疾病指数,DIt为给药组(JL9001发酵液处理的幼苗)的疾病指数。
菌株JL9001全基因测序由北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司完成。实验流程按照Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT)公司提供的标准protocol执行。基于Nanopore测序平台的全基因组测序获得reads后,进一步过滤低质量及短片段(长度<2 000 bp)的reads,使用Canu v1.5[20] (https://github.com/marbl/canu)软件对过滤后reads进行组装,通过Racon v3.4.3 (https://github.com/isovic/racon)软件利用三代reads对组装结果进行校正,通过Circlator v1.5.5 (https://github.com/sanger-pathogens/circlator)软件进行环化和调整起始位点,采用Pilon v1.22 (https://github.com/broadinstitute/pilon)软件利用二代数据进一步进行纠错。
通过软件Prodigal v2.6.3[21](https://github.com/hyattpd/Prodigal)对基因组中的编码基因进行预测;通过RepeatMasker v4.0.5[22](https://www.repeatmasker.org/RepeatMasker/)软件将细菌基因组与已知重复序列数据库进行比对来预测基因组中的重复序列;通过软件Infernal v1.1.3[23]根据Rfam[24](https://rfam.xfam.org/)数据库针对5S rRNA、16S rRNA、23S rRNA基因携带有序列信息和结构信息做出的协方差模型(covariance models, CMs)来预测基因组中的3类rRNA;利用tRNAscan-SE v2.0[25] (https://github.com/UCSC-LoweLab/tRNAscan-SE)对基因组中包含的tRNA进行预测;利用CRT v1.2[26](http://www.room220.com/crt/)软件对基因组的CRISPR序列进行预测;利用软件IslandPath-DIMOB v0.2[27] (https://github.com/brinkmanlab/islandpath)对基因组中的基因岛序列进行预测;利用软件PhiSpy v2.3[28] (https://sourceforge.net/projects/phispy/files/)预测基因组中的前噬菌体。
以环形布局为基础,应用Circos v0.66[29]软件结合组装和预测得到的菌株JL9001基因组信息,如tRNA、rRNA、重复序列、G+C含量以及基因功能信息等结果进行可视化展示。
运用基因本体数据库(gene ontology consortium, GO[30]) (http://geneontology.org/docs/download-ontology/)、京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, KEGG[31]) (https://www.genome.jp/kegg/)、非监督直系同源基因组(evolutionary genealogy of genes: non-supervised orthologous groups, eggNOG[32]) (http://eggnog45.embl.de/)等通用数据库以及碳水化合物活性酶数据库(carbohydrate-active enzymes database, CAZy[33]) (http://www.cazy.org/)、转运蛋白分类数据库(transporter classification database, TCDB[34]) (https://www.tcdb.org/)、综合抗生素耐药性数据库(comprehensive antibiotic research database, CARD[35]) (https://card.mcmaster.ca/)、病原与宿主互作数据库(pathogen host interactions database, PHI-base[36]) (http://www.phi-base.org/)等专有数据库比对,进行基因组功能注释。运用软件antiSMASH v5.0.0[37] (https://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org/#!/start)对菌株JL9001的次级代谢产物生物合成基因簇进行预测。
通过从药用植物太子参中分离筛选链霉菌,获得一株具有显著抗真菌活性的链霉菌JL9001。经平板划线纯化后,其在5种分离培养基正反面的菌落形态如图1A所示,可以看出链霉菌JL9001在SIM培养基上孢子生长密集且活性较好,因此选择SIM培养基作为链霉菌JL9001的生长培养基。利用NCBI的BLAST工具对16S rRNA基因片段序列进行比对,结果显示菌株JL9001属于Streptomyces属。基于16S rRNA基因序列构建的系统发育树表明,菌株JL9001与河北链霉菌(S. hebeiensis) NBRC101006亲缘关系较为密切,相似性达99.86% (图1B)。
图2A所示,随着培养时间的延长,在PDA平板上单独培养的尖孢镰孢菌菌落直径快速增加;而在对峙培养平板上,JL9001在第96 h开始抑制尖孢镰孢菌的生长,尖孢镰孢菌生长速度减缓,菌落直径缩小。至第144 h时,对峙培养的尖孢镰孢菌菌落比单独培养的明显缩小(图2C2D),抑制率达到40.18% (图2B)。这些结果表明,在平板对峙试验中链霉菌JL9001对尖孢镰孢菌的生长具有显著抑制作用。
在24孔活性测试试验中发现,菌株JL9001不但具有明显的拮抗活性,其代谢粗提物也具有强烈的抗菌活性。当粗提物浓度为1 000 μg/mL时,48 h后无尖孢镰孢菌长出;浓度降低至500 μg/mL时仅长出少量尖孢镰孢菌,表明粗提物的抑制效果有所减弱,但仍能表现出一定的抗菌活性;浓度降低至250 μg/mL时粗提物的活性显著降低(图2E)。
通过使用JL9001发酵液灌根处理来评估其对番茄枯萎病的防治效果(图3A3B),其中空白对照组(CK)番茄植株生长正常,接种尖孢镰孢菌后第5天开始出现侵染症状,阴性对照组(NC)发病指数开始逐渐升高;相比之下给药组(JL9001)发病指数仍处于较低水平(图3C),说明加入JL9001发酵液有效降低了番茄枯萎病的发病情况。从控制效率来看,虽然对番茄枯萎病的控制效率从最高第5天的75.00%逐渐降低到第13天的51.61% (图3D),但防治效果仍表现为有效水平。该实验结果反映了JL9001发酵液可以有效抑制番茄枯萎病的发生,为绿色防治番茄枯萎病的田间实际应用提供了基础。
菌株JL9001的基因组圈图如图4所示,其基因组序列总长7 700 822 bp,包括1条染色体DNA (7 513 245 bp)和2个质粒(质粒A:121 447 bp;质粒B:66 130 bp),重复序列为214 476 bp,占总长的2.79%。G+C含量为71.46%。总基因个数为6 589,包括6 504个预测的蛋白质编码基因、67个tRNA (共43种类型)、18个rRNA (5S、16S、23S rRNA各6个,共3种类型)。共预测出9个CRISPR-Cas重复区、4个基因岛、2个前噬菌体、27个生物合成基因簇。菌株JL9001全基因组序列已提交至NCBI数据库,登录号为JBRKBE000000000。
图5A所示,GO平台对JL9001的4 070个编码基因进行了功能注释,占所有基因的61.77%。其中,3 789个基因被归类为细胞组分(cellular component, CC)的11个分支(占25.97%),4 798个基因被归类为分子功能(molecular function, MF)的12个分支(占32.89%),6 003个基因被归类为生物学过程(biological process, BP)的15个分支(占41.14%)。GO注释分析发现JL9001含有与几丁质酶(GO:0004568)、纤维素酶(GO:0008810)、淀粉酶活性(GO:0004556)、单加氧酶(GO:0004497)等相关基因,表明其可能协助宿主抵抗病原菌的侵染。
图5B所示,菌株JL9001有2 374个基因注释到KEGG数据库中。其中有1 383个基因注释至代谢途径,氨基酸代谢可为抗菌肽、聚酮类等抗真菌物质的合成提供前体,从而直接抑制尖孢镰孢菌的生长;同时,其活跃的糖代谢使其在营养竞争中占据优势,并为抵抗镰孢菌毒素等胁迫提供能量。其次,有225个基因与环境信息处理相关,包括ABC转运蛋白(ABC transporters)的154个基因和双组分系统(two-component system)的71个基因;这提示该菌株既能将合成的抗菌物质外排至胞外以抑制尖孢镰孢菌,也可外排镰孢菌分泌的毒素,减轻自身的胁迫损伤。最后,遗传信息处理相关基因共208个,其中核糖体(ribosome)的基因占比最高,可支撑抗菌肽、代谢酶等功能蛋白的高效合成。JL9001与抗菌相关的代谢通路还包括酮体的合成与降解(synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies)、萜类骨架生物合成(terpenoid backbone biosynthesis)、脂肪酸生物合成(fatty acid biosynthesis)、青霉素与头孢菌素的生物合成(penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis)等进一步支持其生防潜力。
通过将菌株JL9001基因的蛋白序列和eggNOG数据库进行BLAST比对,发现其中4 948个基因具有eggNOG注释功能(图5C)。其中,与抗菌物质合成相关的基因包括非核糖体肽合成酶(non-ribosomal peptide synthetase),能够破坏尖孢镰孢菌细胞膜,抑制其菌丝生长与孢子萌发;抗生素生物合成单加氧酶(antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase)有助于增强抗菌活性与稳定性;聚酮环化脱水酶(polyketide cyclase dehydrase)能有效抑制真菌细胞膜和细胞壁合成;以及参与抗菌产物结构修饰的甲基转移酶(methyltransferase),这些基因共同为JL9001抑制尖孢镰孢菌提供了重要的遗传基础。
基于CAZy数据库对菌株JL9001基因组进行注释,结果如表1所示,共鉴定出343个碳水化合物活性酶(CAZymes)编码基因。在这些基因中,糖苷水解酶(glycoside hydrolase, GH)数量最多,为139个;其次是糖基转移酶(glycosyltransferase, GT),66个;碳水化合物酯酶(carbohydrate esterase, CE),54个;碳水化合物结合组件(carbohydrate-binding module, CBM,53个);辅助活性酶(auxiliary activity, AA),21个;多糖裂解酶(polysaccharide lyase, PL)编码基因数量最少,为10个。这表明其可通过水解真菌细胞壁或产生抑菌化合物来抑制病原菌生长。利用TCDB、PHI-base和CARD对全基因组编码的蛋白质序列进行系统比对,共注释到1 391个转运蛋白、1 876个病原体宿主互作相关蛋白以及1个抗生素抗性基因。这些功能基因共同说明,JL9001菌株具有活跃的代谢能力、显著的微生物互作潜力以及良好的生物安全性。
利用antiSMASH v5.0.0对菌株JL9001的基因组序列进行次级代谢产物生物合成基因簇(biosynthetic gene clusters, BGCs)预测的结果如表2所示,共得到27个潜在的生物合成基因簇,这些基因簇涵盖多种次级代谢产物合成类型,核心类别包括萜烯类(5个)、非核糖体多肽合成酶(non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, NRPS)类(3个)、III型聚酮合酶(type III polyketide synthase, T3PKS)类(3个)。其中,多个基因簇所预测的化合物与抗真菌活性相关,包括与combamide A、coelichelin、endophenazine A及alkylresorcinol等化合物合成相关的基因簇(图6A),表明菌种JL9001可产生多种具有抗菌潜力的化合物(图6B),它们通过破坏真菌细胞膜、诱导氧化应激等功能抑制病原菌生长,其中coelichelin是一种异羟肟酸盐型铁载体,具有典型铁载体的高亲和力,可抑制竞争病菌进入稳定期和孢子化,进而增强其对噬菌体的敏感性[38]。Alkylresorcinol是链霉菌产生的一类酚类脂质,其生物合成依赖于III型聚酮合酶途径[39]。该类化合物具有广谱抗菌活性,其作用机制主要与其两亲性结构有关,能够插入并破坏微生物细胞膜脂质双层,导致膜通透性增加[40-41]。值得注意的是,基因簇1、12、19和22未发现与任何已知基因簇显著相似,提示其可能编码新颖的代谢产物。这些尚无法鉴定的生物合成基因簇表明菌株JL9001具有合成新化合物的潜力。
作为天然活性物质的重要来源,链霉菌产生的次级代谢产物具有广泛的生物活性,包括抗细菌、抗真菌、抗肿瘤、消炎以及杀线虫等。值得一提的是,全球约70%-80%的已知抗生素均分离自链霉菌。白鸽等[42]研究指出,链霉菌是防治土传病害枯萎病的一种高效生防菌剂;方悠[43]研究表明,土壤预接种适宜浓度的链霉菌NJU-54不仅能显著抑制土壤尖孢镰孢菌的增殖,还可在植物根际构建有益微生物群落。本研究自药用植物太子参中分离到一株具有生防潜力的河北链霉菌(S. hebeiensis) JL9001。通过开展体外拮抗试验和番茄盆栽试验,发现该菌株对番茄枯萎病具有较强的防治作用。平板对峙试验显示,菌株JL9001自96 h起开始抑制尖孢镰孢菌生长,至144 h时抑制率达40.18%;其发酵粗提物在1 000 μg/mL浓度下可完全抑制病原菌生长,且该抑制作用呈现浓度依赖性。盆栽试验表明,与发病严重的阴性对照组相比,经JL9001发酵液处理的番茄植株在接种第13天时对枯萎病的抑制率达51.61%,结果表明JL9001发酵液具有良好的防治效果。这与先前报道的关于链霉菌生防作用的研究结果相一致,例如,Abdelghany等[44]研究发现链霉菌SB2-23对尖孢镰孢菌的抑制率为48.24%。生物防治不仅有效降低了化学农药对土壤及生态环境的污染风险,同时通过微生物调控增强了作物抗病能力,对于发展可持续农业具有积极的实践意义。
菌株JL9001全基因组序列的测定结果显示该菌株的基因组总长度为7 700 822 bp,G+C含量为71.46%,总基因个数6 589个。基因功能注释分析显示,该菌株在GO、KEGG、eggNOG等通用数据库中获得了大量基因注释,且许多基因或代谢通路与抗菌物质合成相关。同时,在TCDB、PHI-base等专用数据库中也注释到较多基因;具体表现为转运蛋白1 391个和病原体宿主互作相关蛋白1 876个,值得注意的是,其中与抗生素合成及分泌系统相关的基因是生防菌抑制病原体和与宿主建立有益互作的关键遗传基础[45]。除此之外,基因组中还发现了多组CRISPR序列、前噬菌体、基因岛等结构,这提示了JL9001菌株可能通过CRISPR系统维持基因组稳定性,并借助前噬菌体的溶原性转换与基因岛的水平基因转移快速获得新代谢功能、耐药性及环境适应力[46-51]
利用antiSMASH进行预测,共得到27个次级代谢生物合成基因簇,展现出了丰富的次级代谢潜能。这些基因簇类型多样,包括萜烯、非核糖体多肽、聚酮化合物以及铁载体等,而且这些潜在的次级代谢产物具有抗真菌生物活性[52]。其中,铁载体作为有益细菌(如植物根际促生菌)分泌的关键因子,通过竞争铁资源从而抑制植物病原菌的生长。具体表现为,铁载体能够高效螯合环境中的铁元素,导致植物病原菌因铁缺乏而生长受限。铁载体介导的菌群内部竞争越强,其结构多样性越高,病原菌获取铁素的概率就越低,进而降低其定殖与侵染能力[53]。聚酮类化合物的生物合成涉及3种聚酮合酶(polyketide synthases, PKSs)催化的一系列缩合反应:I型PKSs、II型PKSs和III型PKSs[54]。大多数聚酮类化合物来源于链霉菌等土壤细菌,而III型聚酮则主要源自植物。II型和III型聚酮合酶常被称为芳香族聚酮合酶,因为它们催化生成的产物通常含有多个芳香环[55]。这类芳香族聚酮化合物是一种重要的天然产物,具有抗菌和抗病毒生物活性,具有代表性的例子是四环素类药物和蒽环类药物[56]。初步推测这些代谢产物可能抑制尖孢镰孢菌,但其具体抑菌效力与作用机制尚待后续实验验证与阐明。
本研究从药用植物太子参中分离得到了一株能够有效抑制尖孢镰孢菌番茄专化型的河北链霉菌(S. hebeiensis)JL9001。体外拮抗试验与体内盆栽试验结果一致表明,菌株JL9001对番茄枯萎病具有较好的防治效果,展现出良好的生防应用潜力。进一步通过基因组分析发现,该菌次级代谢产物生物合成基因簇中包含多个与已知抗菌活性物质高度相似的基因簇,以及若干个未知功能的基因簇,这些结果为发掘新型天然产物并解析其生防机制提供了重要的理论依据。综上所述,菌株JL9001在生物防治与新型天然产物挖掘两方面均具有重要研究价值。后续工作可重点围绕未知基因簇的功能展开,例如通过异源表达等手段验证其代谢产物结构与活性;同时推进田间试验,系统评估该菌株在实际农业生产中的防病效果与稳定性。
  • “刘良院士工作站”指导项目(24YS004)
  • 湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(22B0396)
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2026年第66卷第3期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250779
  • 接收时间:2025-10-16
  • 首发时间:2026-03-12
  • 出版时间:2026-03-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-16
  • 录用日期:2025-12-25
基金
Liu Liang Academician Workstation Mentorship Program(24YS004)
“刘良院士工作站”指导项目(24YS004)
Hunan Provincial Department of Education Science Research Project(22B0396)
湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(22B0396)
作者信息
    1.湖南中医药大学 药学院,湖南省中药活性物质筛选工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙
    2.湖南省中医药研究院 中药创新药物研究所,湖南 长沙
    3.湖南大学 生物学院,植物功能基因组学与发育调控湖南省重点实验室,湖南 长沙
    4.长沙康禾药育科技有限公司,湖南 长沙

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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