Article(id=1238813315481268483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1238813307784712441, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250742, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1759161600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1764950400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-12-06, onlineDate=1773285710448, onlineDateStr=2026-03-12, pubDate=1772553600000, pubDateStr=2026-03-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773285710448, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773285710448, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773285710448, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1238813307784712441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='3', pageStart='961', pageEnd='1466', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773285708614, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773291912509, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1238839328915378858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1238813307784712441, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1238839328915378859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1238813307784712441, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1138, endPage=1151, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1238813316903137545, articleId=1238813315481268483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Isolation, identification, and genetic evolutionary analysis of the porcine Senecavirus A strain SDWF/11/2024, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective Senecavirus A (SVA) keeps posing a serious threat to the swine industry in China. This study aimed to characterize the biological properties and genetic evolutionary features of the latest circulating SVA strains. Methods In November 2024, vesicular lesion tissue samples were collected from pigs suspected of foot-and-mouth disease at a farm in eastern China. RT-PCR was performed, and positive samples were inoculated onto BHK-21 cells following standard virus isolation procedures. Indirect immunofluorescence assay was employed to preliminarily confirm viral isolation. The complete viral genome was amplified and sequenced, followed by genetic evolution analysis. Amino acid variations in the VP1 protein of the strain were identified by comparison with representative strains from key epidemic nodes. Viral replication characteristics were evaluated through plaque formation assay and one-step growth curve analysis. Viral particle morphology was observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results RT-PCR and virus isolation confirmed SVA as the causative agent of the disease, and the isolated strain was designated SDWF/11/2024. The viral genome of this strain was 7 292 bp in length, and its overall organization was highly consistent with that of previously reported SVA strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SDWF/11/2024 belonged to the USA-like evolutionary clade, showing genetic divergence from Chinese strains circulating between 2015 and 2018, while exhibiting the closest relationship to a Chilean strain isolated in 2022. The isolate replicated efficiently in BHK-21 cells and induced typical cytopathic effects. Its replication kinetics was comparable to that of the early Chinese isolate HN/11/2017, although differences in plaque morphology were observed. TEM examination identified spherical viral particles with diameters of 25-35 nm, consistent with typical SVA virions. Conclusion This study successfully isolated and characterized the SVA strain SDWF/11/2024 circulating in China, 2024, and elucidated its molecular evolutionary features. The isolated SDWF/11/2024 provides a new reference strain for SVA surveillance in China and suggests that the virus may still persist at low levels in pig populations. These findings enhance our understanding about the genetic diversity and epidemic dynamics of SVA and support the improvement of molecular epidemiological monitoring and the development of prevention and control strategies.

, correspAuthors=Pu SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 塞内卡病毒A (Senecavirus A, SVA)仍对我国养猪业构成严重危害,进一步了解最新流行毒株的基本生物学特性和遗传演化特征。 方法 于2024年11月从华东地区某猪场采集疑似口蹄疫患病猪的水疱皮组织,经逆转录PCR (reverse transcription-PCR, RT-PCR)检测,将阳性样品按病毒分离的常规方法接种BHK-21细胞;利用间接免疫荧光试验初步验证病毒分离情况,并对其全基因组进行扩增测序和遗传演化分析,与重要流行节点的参考毒株VP1蛋白序列比对分析氨基酸变异特点;通过蚀斑形成试验和一步生长曲线评估分离毒株的增殖特性,再利用透射电镜观察病毒粒子形态。 结果 经RT-PCR检测和病毒分离试验证实,该发病猪的病原为SVA,将分离获得的毒株命名为SDWF/11/2024株。其基因组全长为7 292 bp,整体结构与已报道的SVA株高度一致;系统发育树分析表明,SDWF/11/2024株归属于USA-like进化分支,与中国2015-2018年分离株存在一定分化,与智利2022年分离株亲缘关系最近;在体外复制特性方面,该毒株可在BHK-21细胞上稳定增殖,呈现出典型的细胞病变效应,其复制动力学特征与早期分离毒株HN/11/2017相似,但形成的蚀斑形态存在差异;通过透射电子显微镜观察,可见直径约为25-35 nm的颗粒,其大小特征与SVA病毒粒子相符。 结论 本研究成功分离并表征了2024年我国猪群中流行的SVA毒株SDWF/11/2024,揭示了其分子演化特征。SDWF/11/2024株的分离为我国监测SVA流行提供了新的参考样本,提示该病毒仍可能以低水平存在于猪群中。这对认识SVA遗传多样性与流行趋势、完善其分子流行病学监测体系及制定科学防控策略具有重要意义。

, correspAuthors=孙普, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=gweYmIDsXvEUi+nRq9F5ww==, magXml=nuB68YOs5iIOLkNRbn1OSA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=FEg1c+8LxiHvgmG4zhI8uA==, pdfFileSize=2305058, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=8Tig/Jt8N+Q1t58wdhUsiQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ESU9nCgXyiPzcPR4LiQG7w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

作者贡献声明

梁玉斌:实验操作,数据分析与文章撰写、数据管理、稿件润色修改;赵妍:协助实验操作与样本处理、数据分析;马雪青:实验指导、数据收集与分析;秦天达:采集样本;樊东亮:猪场观察致病性;张冉冉:样本处理与检测;杨行:协助病毒分离;李平花:协助实验设计、论文写作指导;卢曾军:提供资源,监督管理;孙普:论文整体设计构思、数据管理、经费支持、监督指导、稿件润色修改。

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Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2022, 69(6): 3147-3149., articleTitle=Detection of Senecavirus A in pigs from a historically negative national swine herd and associated with feed imports from endemically infected countries, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1238891109473113021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, awardId=2024-HL-7, language=EN, fundingSource=Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(2024-HL-7), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1238891109556999101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, awardId=2024-HL-7, language=CN, fundingSource=兰州市人才创新创业项目(2024-HL-7), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1238891109666051012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, awardId=NCTIP-MY23004, language=EN, fundingSource=Muyuan Project of National Center of Technology Innovation for Pig(NCTIP-MY23004), 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Lane M: DL2000 DNA marker; Lane 1: RT-PCR product of SVA VP1 gene; Lane 2: RT-PCR product of FMDV VP1 gene., figureFileSmall=wnL7x93UL0PD3H323ySYkQ==, figureFileBig=PwznyRjJO4zlia057B5nlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891106029589292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, language=CN, label=图1, caption=病料样品的RT-PCR检测。泳道M:DNA相对分子量标准(DL2000 DNA marker);泳道1:SVA VP1基因扩增产物;泳道2:FMDV VP1基因扩增产物。, figureFileSmall=wnL7x93UL0PD3H323ySYkQ==, figureFileBig=PwznyRjJO4zlia057B5nlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891106180584249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=The CPE of SVA in BHK-21 cells. A: Normal BHK-21 control; B: CPE of the 3rd generation SDWF/11/2024 strain in BHK-21 cells., figureFileSmall=bwjP3eqILbineqRECgs74g==, figureFileBig=49Pl2F1p4p0WkP14+XQtpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891106285441856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, language=CN, label=图2, caption=SVA感染BHK-21细胞产生的致细胞病变。A:正常BHK-21细胞对照;B:SDWF/11/2024株F3代在BHK-21细胞上的细胞病变。, figureFileSmall=bwjP3eqILbineqRECgs74g==, figureFileBig=49Pl2F1p4p0WkP14+XQtpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891106428048199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of SDWF/11/2024 strain in BHK-21 cells. A: BHK-21 cells infected with SDWF/11/2024 strain; B: Normal BHK-21 cells., figureFileSmall=ekHqoAJksgME2X9FVIq3+Q==, figureFileBig=35YoS/GvIprKf8o0XDP7Uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891107891860303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, language=CN, label=图3, caption=SDWF/11/2024株间接免疫荧光鉴定。A:SDWF/11/2024株感染的BHK-21细胞;B:正常BHK-21细胞对照。, figureFileSmall=ekHqoAJksgME2X9FVIq3+Q==, figureFileBig=35YoS/GvIprKf8o0XDP7Uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891107996717909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=RT-PCR amplification of the whole genome of SDWF/11/2024 strain. Lane M: DL2000 DNA marker; Lanes 1-7: SVA1+/-, SVA2+/-, SVA3+/-, SVA4+/-, SVA5+/-, SVA6+/-, and SVA7+/-., figureFileSmall=2JOtAYfqJrTTyVYHYl8FnQ==, figureFileBig=CjWtQyUM+xhxAdnsNqoldg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891108063826781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, language=CN, label=图4, caption=RT-PCR扩增SDWF/11/2024株的全基因组序列。泳道M:DL2000 DNA marker;泳道1-7:SVA1+/-、SVA2+/-、SVA3+/-、SVA4+/-、SVA5+/-、SVA6+/-和SVA7+/-。, figureFileSmall=2JOtAYfqJrTTyVYHYl8FnQ==, figureFileBig=CjWtQyUM+xhxAdnsNqoldg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891108172878695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=SVA whole genome system phylogenetic tree analysis. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method with 1 000 bootstrap replicates; GenBank sequence numbers were shown in parentheses; Numbers at the branching points represented confidence levels; Scale represented the degree of genetic variability., figureFileSmall=el68n9HaYFjIVC2TWY6puw==, figureFileBig=dMFu8NKADpTzkKi+d7bDkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891108286124909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, language=CN, label=图5, caption=SVA全基因组系统发育树分析。采用最大似然法法构建系统发育树,bootstrap重复1 000次;括号中显示的为GenBank序列号;分支点上的数字代表置信度;标尺代表遗传变异度。, figureFileSmall=el68n9HaYFjIVC2TWY6puw==, figureFileBig=dMFu8NKADpTzkKi+d7bDkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891108390982519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Plaque phenotype of SVA., figureFileSmall=y/f/wFXanlcjIomnrVMlDQ==, figureFileBig=TCqAfvulPf2Z25353R8g+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891108487451518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, language=CN, label=图6, caption=SVA的蚀斑表型测定, figureFileSmall=y/f/wFXanlcjIomnrVMlDQ==, figureFileBig=TCqAfvulPf2Z25353R8g+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891108588114821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=One-step growth curves of SVA., figureFileSmall=wq9QUbh3W2VVuNzoOGSFKw==, figureFileBig=awYBQa277oR4vSyLXhHOAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891108663612295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, language=CN, label=图7, caption=SVA的一步生长曲线分析, figureFileSmall=wq9QUbh3W2VVuNzoOGSFKw==, figureFileBig=awYBQa277oR4vSyLXhHOAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891108764275600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Electron microscopic of SDWF/11/2024 strain., figureFileSmall=9zwx1JlsRbBfwfW0NLy35Q==, figureFileBig=qSqhlbeoz7svYjmsL15T9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891108852355989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, language=CN, label=图8, caption=SDWF/11/2024株的电镜检测, figureFileSmall=9zwx1JlsRbBfwfW0NLy35Q==, figureFileBig=qSqhlbeoz7svYjmsL15T9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1238891108940436378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sequence identity analysis of SDWF/11/2024 and 11 SVA strains based on whole genome sequence typing method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
RegionIdentity (%)
SVV-SC-01GD-S1/2018CH-FJ-2017Chile/BBL00/2022GD-S4/2018HN/11/2017CH/FuJ/20171/2018/HB/ChinaCH-01-2015Canada-2015-T2SVV-001
5′-UTR

nt

aa

96.17

-

94.84

-

96.46

-

85.25

-

95.58

-

97.49

-

96.61

-

95.87

-

96.61

-

88.05

-

93.81

-

Lnt98.7397.8998.7398.3198.7398.7397.0597.4797.0596.2097.05
aa98.7398.7398.7398.7398.7397.4798.7398.7398.7398.7398.73
VP4nt98.1298.1298.1297.6599.0698.5998.1298.5997.6597.6598.59
aa100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00
VP2nt95.1995.5495.5497.8996.4896.3695.6695.4295.3194.6092.72
aa99.6599.3099.6599.3099.3099.6599.6598.9499.6599.6599.30
VP3nt93.4494.1495.1296.7995.6895.9695.2694.5693.4493.8691.63
aa99.5899.5899.5899.5899.5899.5899.5899.1698.3398.7497.07
VP1nt91.4195.2095.5896.7295.8395.7195.2094.1993.6993.3189.90
aa96.97100.0099.2498.4899.2499.2499.2499.2498.8699.2497.73
2Ant77.7892.5996.3088.8988.8988.8996.3096.3092.5996.3077.78
aa100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00
2Bnt90.8992.4594.0195.3194.0193.7594.0192.9792.9793.2391.15
aa95.3198.4498.4499.2297.6698.4498.4498.4498.4498.4498.44
2Cnt95.1395.6595.3496.2795.4595.8695.0394.6293.4893.4890.99
aa99.6999.6999.69100.0099.0799.3899.6999.6999.6999.0799.07
3Ant91.8591.4892.5993.3392.2290.0092.5990.0087.4189.2686.67
aa96.6797.7897.7897.7897.7892.2297.7896.6794.4494.4492.22
3Bnt94.2095.6598.5595.6597.1095.6597.1095.6597.1095.6594.20
aa100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00
3Cnt94.7695.5695.4096.8395.2495.4095.2494.2992.8693.4990.63
aa99.52100.0099.52100.0099.5299.5299.5299.5299.5299.52100.00
3Dnt96.2696.3397.0596.4796.8396.6296.6996.7696.1196.4094.82
aa99.1398.7098.7098.9298.7099.1398.7099.1398.7098.9298.70
3′-UTR

nt

aa

98.53

-

79.41

-

100.00

-

80.88

-

79.41

-

97.06

-

95.59

-

82.61

-

97.06

-

80.88

-

95.59

-

), ArticleFig(id=1238891109045293984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

基于全基因组序列分型方法SDWF/11/202411SVA毒株的一致性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
RegionIdentity (%)
SVV-SC-01GD-S1/2018CH-FJ-2017Chile/BBL00/2022GD-S4/2018HN/11/2017CH/FuJ/20171/2018/HB/ChinaCH-01-2015Canada-2015-T2SVV-001
5′-UTR

nt

aa

96.17

-

94.84

-

96.46

-

85.25

-

95.58

-

97.49

-

96.61

-

95.87

-

96.61

-

88.05

-

93.81

-

Lnt98.7397.8998.7398.3198.7398.7397.0597.4797.0596.2097.05
aa98.7398.7398.7398.7398.7397.4798.7398.7398.7398.7398.73
VP4nt98.1298.1298.1297.6599.0698.5998.1298.5997.6597.6598.59
aa100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00
VP2nt95.1995.5495.5497.8996.4896.3695.6695.4295.3194.6092.72
aa99.6599.3099.6599.3099.3099.6599.6598.9499.6599.6599.30
VP3nt93.4494.1495.1296.7995.6895.9695.2694.5693.4493.8691.63
aa99.5899.5899.5899.5899.5899.5899.5899.1698.3398.7497.07
VP1nt91.4195.2095.5896.7295.8395.7195.2094.1993.6993.3189.90
aa96.97100.0099.2498.4899.2499.2499.2499.2498.8699.2497.73
2Ant77.7892.5996.3088.8988.8988.8996.3096.3092.5996.3077.78
aa100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00
2Bnt90.8992.4594.0195.3194.0193.7594.0192.9792.9793.2391.15
aa95.3198.4498.4499.2297.6698.4498.4498.4498.4498.4498.44
2Cnt95.1395.6595.3496.2795.4595.8695.0394.6293.4893.4890.99
aa99.6999.6999.69100.0099.0799.3899.6999.6999.6999.0799.07
3Ant91.8591.4892.5993.3392.2290.0092.5990.0087.4189.2686.67
aa96.6797.7897.7897.7897.7892.2297.7896.6794.4494.4492.22
3Bnt94.2095.6598.5595.6597.1095.6597.1095.6597.1095.6594.20
aa100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00
3Cnt94.7695.5695.4096.8395.2495.4095.2494.2992.8693.4990.63
aa99.52100.0099.52100.0099.5299.5299.5299.5299.5299.52100.00
3Dnt96.2696.3397.0596.4796.8396.6296.6996.7696.1196.4094.82
aa99.1398.7098.7098.9298.7099.1398.7099.1398.7098.9298.70
3′-UTR

nt

aa

98.53

-

79.41

-

100.00

-

80.88

-

79.41

-

97.06

-

95.59

-

82.61

-

97.06

-

80.88

-

95.59

-

), ArticleFig(id=1238891109162734504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Variations of VP1 amino acid residues

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainAmino acid location in VP1
26455962636593949798141161172188196202203205221229230239
SDWF/11/2024SVFATAVNDSFYTSGSSPSSTV
CH-01-2015PVFATTVSDSFYASGSSTSSTV
Chile/BBL00/2022PIFATAVNDS-YTS-SSTVSNV
HN/11/2017PVFATAVNGSFYTSGSSTSSTV
SVV-SC-01PVFAAAVNGSFFAFGFFTVSTV
GD-S1/2018SVFATAVNDSFYTSGSSTSSTV
CH-FJ-2017PVLATAVNDNFYTSGSSTSGTV
GD-S4/2018PVFVTAVNDSFYTSGSSTSSTV
CH/FuJ/2017PVFATAVNDSFYTSGSSTSSTV
1/2018/HB/ChinaPVFATAVNDSFYTSGSSTSGTV
Canada-2015-T2PVFATAVNDSFYTSGSSTSGTV
SVV-001PVFQEAANGSFFASGSSTVSTI
), ArticleFig(id=1238891109246620591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1238813315481268483, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

VP1氨基酸残基变异情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainAmino acid location in VP1
26455962636593949798141161172188196202203205221229230239
SDWF/11/2024SVFATAVNDSFYTSGSSPSSTV
CH-01-2015PVFATTVSDSFYASGSSTSSTV
Chile/BBL00/2022PIFATAVNDS-YTS-SSTVSNV
HN/11/2017PVFATAVNGSFYTSGSSTSSTV
SVV-SC-01PVFAAAVNGSFFAFGFFTVSTV
GD-S1/2018SVFATAVNDSFYTSGSSTSSTV
CH-FJ-2017PVLATAVNDNFYTSGSSTSGTV
GD-S4/2018PVFVTAVNDSFYTSGSSTSSTV
CH/FuJ/2017PVFATAVNDSFYTSGSSTSSTV
1/2018/HB/ChinaPVFATAVNDSFYTSGSSTSGTV
Canada-2015-T2PVFATAVNDSFYTSGSSTSGTV
SVV-001PVFQEAANGSFFASGSSTVSTI
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猪塞内卡病毒A SDWF/11/2024株的分离鉴定及其遗传演化特征分析
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梁玉斌 1, 2 , 赵妍 1, 2, 3 , 马雪青 1, 2 , 秦天达 4 , 樊东亮 4 , 张冉冉 1, 2 , 杨行 1, 2, 5 , 李平花 1, 2 , 卢曾军 1, 2 , 孙普 1, 2, 3, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(3): 1138-1151
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026, 66(3): 1138-1151
猪塞内卡病毒A SDWF/11/2024株的分离鉴定及其遗传演化特征分析
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梁玉斌1, 2, 赵妍1, 2, 3, 马雪青1, 2, 秦天达4, 樊东亮4, 张冉冉1, 2, 杨行1, 2, 5, 李平花1, 2, 卢曾军1, 2, 孙普1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所/兰州大学 动物医学与生物安全学院,动物疫病防控全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州
  • 2.甘肃省病原生物学基础学科研究中心,甘肃 兰州
  • 3.甘肃农业大学,甘肃 兰州
  • 4.瑞普生物股份有限公司,天津
  • 5.宁夏大学 动物科技学院,宁夏 银川
Isolation, identification, and genetic evolutionary analysis of the porcine Senecavirus A strain SDWF/11/2024
Yubin LIANG1, 2, Yan ZHAO1, 2, 3, Xueqing MA1, 2, Tianda QIN4, Dongliang FAN4, Ranran ZHANG1, 2, Hang YANG1, 2, 5, Pinghua LI1, 2, Zengjun LU1, 2, Pu SUN1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
  • 2.Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Discipline of Pathogenic Biology, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
  • 3.Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
  • 4.Ringpu Biopharmaceutical Co. , Ltd. , Tianjin, China
  • 5.School of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
出版时间: 2026-03-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250742
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目的 塞内卡病毒A (Senecavirus A, SVA)仍对我国养猪业构成严重危害,进一步了解最新流行毒株的基本生物学特性和遗传演化特征。 方法 于2024年11月从华东地区某猪场采集疑似口蹄疫患病猪的水疱皮组织,经逆转录PCR (reverse transcription-PCR, RT-PCR)检测,将阳性样品按病毒分离的常规方法接种BHK-21细胞;利用间接免疫荧光试验初步验证病毒分离情况,并对其全基因组进行扩增测序和遗传演化分析,与重要流行节点的参考毒株VP1蛋白序列比对分析氨基酸变异特点;通过蚀斑形成试验和一步生长曲线评估分离毒株的增殖特性,再利用透射电镜观察病毒粒子形态。 结果 经RT-PCR检测和病毒分离试验证实,该发病猪的病原为SVA,将分离获得的毒株命名为SDWF/11/2024株。其基因组全长为7 292 bp,整体结构与已报道的SVA株高度一致;系统发育树分析表明,SDWF/11/2024株归属于USA-like进化分支,与中国2015-2018年分离株存在一定分化,与智利2022年分离株亲缘关系最近;在体外复制特性方面,该毒株可在BHK-21细胞上稳定增殖,呈现出典型的细胞病变效应,其复制动力学特征与早期分离毒株HN/11/2017相似,但形成的蚀斑形态存在差异;通过透射电子显微镜观察,可见直径约为25-35 nm的颗粒,其大小特征与SVA病毒粒子相符。 结论 本研究成功分离并表征了2024年我国猪群中流行的SVA毒株SDWF/11/2024,揭示了其分子演化特征。SDWF/11/2024株的分离为我国监测SVA流行提供了新的参考样本,提示该病毒仍可能以低水平存在于猪群中。这对认识SVA遗传多样性与流行趋势、完善其分子流行病学监测体系及制定科学防控策略具有重要意义。

塞内卡病毒A  /  分离  /  鉴定  /  演化分析

Objective Senecavirus A (SVA) keeps posing a serious threat to the swine industry in China. This study aimed to characterize the biological properties and genetic evolutionary features of the latest circulating SVA strains. Methods In November 2024, vesicular lesion tissue samples were collected from pigs suspected of foot-and-mouth disease at a farm in eastern China. RT-PCR was performed, and positive samples were inoculated onto BHK-21 cells following standard virus isolation procedures. Indirect immunofluorescence assay was employed to preliminarily confirm viral isolation. The complete viral genome was amplified and sequenced, followed by genetic evolution analysis. Amino acid variations in the VP1 protein of the strain were identified by comparison with representative strains from key epidemic nodes. Viral replication characteristics were evaluated through plaque formation assay and one-step growth curve analysis. Viral particle morphology was observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results RT-PCR and virus isolation confirmed SVA as the causative agent of the disease, and the isolated strain was designated SDWF/11/2024. The viral genome of this strain was 7 292 bp in length, and its overall organization was highly consistent with that of previously reported SVA strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SDWF/11/2024 belonged to the USA-like evolutionary clade, showing genetic divergence from Chinese strains circulating between 2015 and 2018, while exhibiting the closest relationship to a Chilean strain isolated in 2022. The isolate replicated efficiently in BHK-21 cells and induced typical cytopathic effects. Its replication kinetics was comparable to that of the early Chinese isolate HN/11/2017, although differences in plaque morphology were observed. TEM examination identified spherical viral particles with diameters of 25-35 nm, consistent with typical SVA virions. Conclusion This study successfully isolated and characterized the SVA strain SDWF/11/2024 circulating in China, 2024, and elucidated its molecular evolutionary features. The isolated SDWF/11/2024 provides a new reference strain for SVA surveillance in China and suggests that the virus may still persist at low levels in pig populations. These findings enhance our understanding about the genetic diversity and epidemic dynamics of SVA and support the improvement of molecular epidemiological monitoring and the development of prevention and control strategies.

Senecavirus A  /  isolation  /  identification  /  evolutionary analysis
梁玉斌, 赵妍, 马雪青, 秦天达, 樊东亮, 张冉冉, 杨行, 李平花, 卢曾军, 孙普. 猪塞内卡病毒A SDWF/11/2024株的分离鉴定及其遗传演化特征分析. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (3) : 1138 -1151 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250742
Yubin LIANG, Yan ZHAO, Xueqing MA, Tianda QIN, Dongliang FAN, Ranran ZHANG, Hang YANG, Pinghua LI, Zengjun LU, Pu SUN. Isolation, identification, and genetic evolutionary analysis of the porcine Senecavirus A strain SDWF/11/2024[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (3) : 1138 -1151 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250742
塞内卡病毒A (Senecavirus A, SVA),又称塞内卡谷病毒(Seneca Valley virus, SVV),是近年来引发猪水泡病的又一新病原,属小RNA病毒科Senecavirus属,为该属唯一成员[1]。其基因组全长约为7.3 kb,包含与病毒蛋白(VPg)共价连接的5′非编码区(5′-untranslated region, 5′-UTR)、一个开放阅读框和含多聚腺苷酸的3′非编码区(3′-untranslated region, 3′-UTR)[2-3]。SVA具有小RNA病毒家族典型的L-4-3-4结构,即病毒基因组编码一个大的多聚蛋白,该多聚蛋白由病毒编码的酶处理成L蛋白和3个前体蛋白,即四聚体衣壳蛋白P1、三聚体非结构蛋白P2和四聚体非结构蛋白P3[4]。前体P1被3C蛋白酶加工成3种结构蛋白,即VP0、VP3和VP1,随后VP0经酶切变为VP2和VP4;P2和P3则按2A、2B、2C、3A、3B、3C和3D的顺序加工成非结构蛋白,参与病毒基因组复制、宿主细胞代谢和免疫逃避等过程[5]
目前,猪是SVA的唯一自然宿主,感染SVA后主要表现为蹄冠部、鼻镜部以及口腔黏膜出现水疱、创面溃疡,还会出现跛行现象[6-7]。在小日龄仔猪中SVA感染可引起嗜睡、腹泻、神经系统症状和急性死亡,0-3日龄仔猪的死亡率高达40%-80%,4-7日龄仔猪的死亡率达0-30%[1]。由于SVA感染在临床上与口蹄疫(foot-and-mouth disease, FMD)、水疱型口炎等难以区分,给临床鉴别诊断带来挑战[6]。全球流行病学调查显示,自2014年以来,SVA在美洲和亚洲多个国家持续流行,并呈现出区域性基因型分化和加速进化趋势。特别是2015-2018年间,美洲多个国家暴发大规模水疱性疾病疫情,随后该病毒在中国、泰国、越南等国家快速扩散[8-14]。我国于2015年初次在广东发现SVA感染猪的病例,截至目前超过一半的省(自治区、直辖市)受到SVA影响,一时给我国养猪业造成不小损失,严重阻碍了养猪业的健康发展[15-17]。虽然自2020年后我国SVA临床暴发明显减少,但“低检出率、低临床显性、持续存在”已成为我国SVA的典型流行特征。一方面,2020-2024年间中国仍持续从散发性水疱病病例及病料中分离出新株,如王睿敏等[18]从采自广西的病料中分离出SVA/CH-GX01-2020株;李世恒等[19]成功分离到一株SVA,命名为SDMY-CH-2021株;王炳量[20]从2022年吉林省某猪场水疱性疾病病猪的淋巴组织中成功分离出SVA CH/JL/2022株;另一方面,抗体监测提示尽管临床病例减少,但SVA仍以隐性或潜伏感染方式在养殖群中流行。丁凯璐等[21]监测了2020年以来甘肃地区猪SVA感染状况,从抗体监测结果不难发现,尽管SVA抗体阳性率逐年下降,且未发现特征性临床症状,但SVA依然潜伏流行,究其原因还需深入研究。更重要的是,来自国内外的系统发育和VP1变异分析均显示,SVA在近10年呈持续进化趋势,VP1区氨基酸替换不断积累,提示病毒在适应宿主方面可能发生抗原漂移。这种进化格局增加了病毒潜在再度暴发的风险,并对疫苗研发与免疫策略提出了新要求。
本研究从2024年华东地区某猪场患病猪的水疱皮样品中成功分离出一株SVA,命名为SDWF/11/2024株,并通过间接免疫荧光试验、全基因组测序、重组分析等方法系统表征其生物学特征,旨在揭示当前流行株的分子特征及其与国内外代表性株的进化关系,从而为我国SVA的流行病学监测、致病机制研究及防控策略提供更新的数据支撑。
MEM基础培养基(11095080)、2×MEM培养基(11935046)、胎牛血清(A5256701)、胰蛋白酶及青霉素-链霉素混合溶液(15070063),Gibco公司;RNA Extraction Kit (R6376-02),Omega公司;FITC标记兔抗猪IgG,Sigma-Aldrich公司;SVA猪源中和抗体1M33Fab由中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所宿主抗病毒感染与免疫生物学团队制备、鉴定并保存[22]
本研究所用田间猪病料样品为2024年11月采集自华东地区某猪场死猪,临床表现疑似口蹄疫的患病猪水疱皮;乳仓鼠肾传代细胞系BHK-21、SVA (HN/11/2017株和HBWH/01/2018株)均由本研究团队分离、保存并提供[23]。本研究所得SDWF/11/2024株全基因组序列已提交至GenBank (登录号为PX574195)。
实验室诊断监测口蹄疫病毒(foot-and-mouth disease virus, FMDV)、SVA及其全基因组序列扩增所用的7对引物序列来源于文献[23],由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成。
将病料样品处理后取上清液提取RNA,利用实验室诊断SVA和FMDV的特异性引物分别进行目的基因扩增,同时设置阴性对照。RT-PCR反应体系(25 μL):PrimeScript One Step Enzyme Mix 1 μL,2×One Step Buffer 12.5 μL,正、反向引物(10 μmol/L)各1 μL,RNA模板2 μL,无RNA酶水7.5 μL。扩增程序:50 ℃反转录30 min;94 ℃预变性3 min;94 ℃变性30 s,58 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸1 min,共35个循环;72 ℃终延伸5 min。扩增结束后,将RT-PCR产物通过1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行检测和分析。
将RT-PCR检测呈SVA阳性的病料样品用PBS (pH 7.4)充分清洗,研磨后加入PBS制成悬液,4 ℃静置过夜。次日取其上清,经0.22 μm滤膜过滤除菌后接种至BHK-21细胞。孵育1 h后,补加含2%胎牛血清的MEM,于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中继续培养3 d,并每日观察细胞病变效应(cytopathic effect, CPE)。同时设置阴性对照组(未接种的BHK-21细胞),盲传至细胞出现典型病变。
以SVA猪源中和抗体1M33Fab (浓度为20 μg/mL)为一抗,1:400稀释的FITC标记的兔抗猪IgG为二抗,进行间接免疫荧光试验,使用荧光显微镜观察实验结果。
用第6代病毒液提取病毒RNA,利用7对引物进行RT-PCR扩增,获得的扩增片段送至生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司进行测序。测序数据经DNAStar软件进行序列拼接,将所得全基因序列与GenBank数据库中公布的SVA参考序列进行同源性比较。系统发育分析在MEGA 12 (v12.0.9)中采用最大似然法构建,核苷酸替换模型设为朱克斯-坎托(Jukes-Cantor, JC)模型,并使用Gamma分布校正位点进化速率。Bootstrap重复1 000次评估节点支持率,其余参数保持默认设置。
VP1蛋白是SVA衣壳的主要组成部分,是主要的免疫原蛋白,其基因是鉴定SVA通用靶基因。它包含多个重要的抗原位点,是病毒中和抗体识别和结合的主要靶标。将SDWF/11/2024株与来自中国、智利、加拿大及SVV-001等参考毒株的VP1氨基酸序列进行比对分析,统计变异位点,揭示毒株间的遗传差异、进化关系并评估其潜在的抗原性变化。
为了解流行毒株是否发生了基因重组事件,使用RDP5 (v5.74)软件的RDP、GENECONV、Booscan、Maxchi、Chimaera、SiScan和3Seq等7种方法对分离毒株SDWF/11/2024株与参考毒株的全基因组序列进行重组分析,以期为遗传演化提供新的证据。
以SVA毒株HN/11/2017和HBWH/01/2018为对照,通过蚀斑形成试验分析SDWF/11/2024株的蚀斑表型。将生长状况良好的BHK-21细胞接种至6孔板中,待细胞长满后,用无血清MEM培养基以10倍梯度连续稀释3个毒株至10-8,每孔分别加入200 μL,置于37 ℃孵育1 h;加入2 mL黄芪胶混合液(2×MEM:1.2%黄芪胶=1:1,1% FBS,1%青、链霉素),37 ℃孵育48 h;弃上清,用2 mL预冷的固定液(丙酮:甲醇=1:1)固定1 h。弃去固定液,加入结晶紫溶液,室温染色过夜,清水冲洗后观察蚀斑形成情况;统计蚀斑数量,计算3株SVA的蚀斑形成单位(plaque forming unit, PFU)。
以HN/11/2017株和HBWH/01/2018株为对照,通过一步生长曲线比对分析SDWF/11/2024株的复制能力。将BHK-21细胞铺至12孔板中,待细胞长满后,以1 MOI (multiplicity of infection)的剂量分别接种3株病毒,于6、12、24、36、48 h收取样品,各取100 μL测定其半数组织培养感染剂量(50% tissue culture infective dose, TCID50),绘制3株SVA的一步生长曲线。实验重复3次,所有数据以平均值±标准差(mean±SD)表示。
将收获的第8代病毒上清液经二乙烯亚胺处理灭活后,于4 ℃、8 000 r/min离心1 h以去除细胞碎片,取上清液,加入8% PEG-6000与4% NaCl后充分混合,4 ℃静置过夜;4 ℃、8 000 r/min离心1 h弃上清,所得沉淀用PBS缓冲液重悬,经150-450 g/L的蔗糖密度梯度离心后,收集相应目的条带,制备病毒悬液;经磷钨酸负染后,在透射电子显微镜下进行观察。
从病料样品中提取总RNA后,分别采用SVA特异性引物和FMDV检测引物进行扩增。如图1所示,使用SVA引物能够获得约1 000 bp的扩增片段,其大小与预期一致;而FMDV引物未扩增出条带。
将PCR鉴定为阳性的病料样品充分研磨、过滤除菌后接种BHK-21细胞,盲传至第3代(F3)。培养24 h后,接种组细胞出现典型病变,包括细胞变圆、逐渐脱落,大量死亡细胞悬浮于培养液中;而阴性对照组细胞则维持正常形态并生长良好(图2)。分离的SVA传至第6代时完全病变时间稳定在30 h左右。将该分离株命名为SDWF/11/2024株。
利用间接免疫荧光试验鉴定,结果如图3所示。接种第6代病毒液的BHK-21细胞在荧光显微镜下呈现明显的绿色荧光,而正常细胞未观察到绿色荧光,表明该分离株为SVA。
以第6代病毒液提取的总RNA为模板,利用RT-PCR分段扩增SDWF/11/2024株的全基因组序列。如图4所示,使用7对引物扩增得到7个与预期片段大小相符的目的片段。将扩增产物送至生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司测序,并拼接出全基因组序列。结果表明SDWF/11/2024株的基因组全长7 292 bp (不含Poly A),其中5′非编码区长678 bp,开放阅读框长6 543 bp,编码一个由2 181个氨基酸组成的多聚蛋白,3′非编码区长71 bp。
系统发育树结果如图5所示,已报道的SVA株可分为2个主要进化分支,即USA-like 与Canada-like毒株。其中,USA-like毒株分支包含了在中国和美国流行的大部分毒株,是中国流行的主要基因型。SDWF/11/2024株聚类于USA-like分支,并与SVA/Chile/BBL00/2022形成同一末端小分支,提示二者遗传关系最近。与2015-2018年中国报道的早期代表株(如CH-LX-01-2016、HN/11/2017、HBWH/01/2018等)在发育树上位置相对独立,显示其已发生一定程度的遗传分化。
对SDWF/11/2024株与11株代表性SVA毒株进行了全基因组及各功能基因区段的核苷酸与氨基酸一致性分析(表1)。结果显示,SDWF/11/2024株在不同区域表现出不同程度的遗传一致性。在5′-UTR区段,核苷酸一致性为85.25%-97.49%。L区段较为保守,核苷酸(nt)/氨基酸(aa)一致性分别为96.20%-98.73%/97.05%-98.73%。结构蛋白VP4、VP2、VP3与VP1的核苷酸一致性分别为97.65%-99.06%、92.72%-97.89%、91.63%-96.79%、89.90%-96.72%,相应氨基酸一致性分别为100.00%、98.94%-99.65%、97.07%-99.58%、97.73%-100.00%。非结构蛋白区域中,2A区段核苷酸一致性最低(77.78%-96.30%),但氨基酸仍保持100.00%;2B、2C区段nt/aa一致性分别为90.89%-95.31%/95.31%-99.22%和90.99%-96.27%/99.07%-100.00%;3A、3B、3C与3D的核苷酸一致性分别为86.67%-93.33%、94.20%-98.55%、90.63%-95.56%、94.82%-97.05%,对应氨基酸一致性分别为92.22%-97.78%、100.00%、99.52%-100.00%、98.70%-99.13%;3′-UTR区段核苷酸一致性为79.41%-100%,变异程度相对较高。
总体而言,SDWF/11/2024株在结构蛋白区段表现为高一致性,而部分非结构蛋白及UTR区呈现较高核苷酸变异。
通过对SDWF/11/2024株与来自中国、智利、加拿大及参考株SVV-001等多株毒株的VP1氨基酸序列进行比对(表2),共筛选出22个变异位点(26、45、59、62、63、65、93、94、97、98、141、161、172、188、196、202、203、205、221、229、230、239位)。SDWF/11/2024株与中国以往流行株(如GD-S1/2018、CH-FJ-2017、GD-S4/2018、CH/FuJ/2017)在大部分位点保持一致,如V45、T63、N94、D97、S98等。与早期中国株CH-01-2015株相比,SDWF/11/2024株在26、65、94、172和205位发生氨基酸替换,显示近年株系在VP1上发生了一定的演化。鉴于VP1是SVA的重要抗原区段,且与中和表位密切相关,该变异可能引发一定的抗原漂移,提示可能存在抗原性改变或免疫逃逸压力。
基于RDP分析报告,SDWF/11/2024株本身不存在重组事件。它是一个非重组毒株,其基因组在进化上相对保守,未发现与其他毒株发生遗传物质交换的可靠证据。
通过蚀斑形成试验测定SVA HN/11/2017、HBWH/01/2018与SDWF/11/2024株的蚀斑表型以评估其体外复制特性。如图6所示,3个毒株均能在107倍稀释下于BHK-21细胞上形成蚀斑,但其数量与大小存在差异。HN/11/2017株形成的蚀斑数目适中,但直径较大,部分出现融合现象;SDWF/11/2024株则形成数量较多且相对均一的蚀斑,推测其诱导细胞病变的潜力更强,可能具有更高的细胞毒性;HBWH/01/2018株形成的蚀斑数量最少,平均直径也较小,呈现稀疏分布,其复制周期可能更长,或病毒衣壳蛋白与细胞受体的结合效率较低,导致感染和传播过程相对迟缓。结果表明,不同病毒株所形成的蚀斑数量和大小存在差异,提示不同病毒株间在复制效率和致细胞病变效应方面存在差异。统计蚀斑数量后,计算出HN/11/2017、HBWH/01/2018和SDWF/11/2024各株的病毒滴度分别为1.3×109、9.5×108、1.35×109 PFU/mL。
一步生长曲线测定结果如图7所示,3株病毒在感染后6 h即可检测到病毒滴度的上升,至12 h显著增加,并于24-36 h达到峰值。HN/11/2017和SDWF/11/2024株的病毒滴度增长趋势相似,在36 h时均达到108.6 TCID50/100 μL;而HBWH/01/2018株的复制效率相对较低,最高滴度仅为108.3 TCID50/100 μL。至48 h时,3株病毒滴度均出现一定下降。总体而言,HN/11/2017与SDWF/11/2024株在复制能力上较为接近,均高于HBWH/01/2018株。
透射电镜检测结果如图8所示,纯化后的SVA (SDWF/11/2024)病毒粒子大小均一、形态完整、边缘整齐,为直径约25-35 nm的圆形颗粒,与现有文献对SVA病毒的形态描述一致。
SVA是一种在全球猪群中新发并迅速传播的水疱性病原,其感染可导致成年猪出现蹄部及口鼻部水疱、跛行和哺乳仔猪急性死亡,临床症状与FMDV等水疱性动物疫病高度相似,且目前尚未广泛应用商品化疫苗,严重威胁养猪业生产安全[1]。此外,SVA呈现加速进化和跨区域传播的特征,已在美洲和亚洲多国相继流行,给国际畜牧业贸易和动物疫病防控体系带来挑战[15]。我国自2015年首次发现SVA感染以来,经历了多个时间段的散发性流行,尽管近年来临床病例减少,但监测结果表明病毒仍以潜伏或隐性感染形式存在,有再次暴发的风险[21]
本研究从2024年华东地区疑似SVA感染猪只中分离出一株SVA毒株SDWF/11/2024株,并对其主要生物学特性进行了表征。结果显示,该毒株在BHK-21细胞中可稳定增殖,表现出典型的细胞病变效应,其复制动力学与早期代表株HN/11/2017相似,但蚀斑形态更为均一且数量较多,提示其可能具有更强的细胞致病能力。然而,这种体外表型的增强并不能直接代表在猪体内致病力提升,仍需结合动物模型进行评价。在分子水平上,该毒株整体基因组结构高度保守,但在VP1区出现氨基酸替换。根据已有研究,VP1包含多个中和抗原表位区域,包括线性表位aa 21-26、aa 48-74、aa 71-76、aa 92-109、aa 129-144、aa 150-156、aa 165-185、aa 225-245、aa 248-253,以及构象表位关键氨基酸残基P132、R166、L201、S203、T205、H211、W214、Y218、R223[24-27]。在本研究筛选的22个变异位点中,有多处位点与已知中和表位高度重叠或邻近这些关键抗原区域。这些位点的变异,可能通过改变受体结合界面的空间构象影响病毒对宿主细胞的吸附与入侵能力,提示SDWF/11/2024株可能存在抗原漂移的潜在风险。这一发现为后续疫苗交叉保护效力评估及诊断试剂的更新优化提供了关键的分子依据。系统发育分析显示,该分离株归属于USA-like分支,与2015-2018年国内流行毒株存在明显遗传分化,而与智利2022年分离株的亲缘关系最近,这一跨大洲的系统发育关联具有重要的流行病学意义。虽然当前全球SVA监测仍不系统,但多种跨区域传播机制,包括国际猪肉及副产品贸易、跨国饲料原料供应链、冷链运输等均可能促进SVA在不同大洲间的远距离扩散[28]。尽管本研究从基因组和细胞水平对SDWF/11/2024进行了全面分析,但仍存在一定局限性。首先,病毒表型分析主要基于BHK-21细胞,该细胞为非猪源系,可能无法完全反映病毒在天然宿主中的生物学行为,后续需在PK-15等猪源细胞上进行验证。其次,尚未开展动物感染实验,无法直接评估该毒株的体内致病性和传播能力。此外,VP1突变引发的抗原漂移是否影响中和抗体识别、诊断方法的敏感性等仍需结合血清学和结构生物学研究进一步验证。总体来看,本研究分离株为理解我国近年来的散发性SVA感染提供了新的分子证据,并为绘制病毒的持续演化轨迹提供了新的数据支撑。
综上所述,本研究揭示了我国2024年新分离SVA株的遗传特征、细胞水平生物学特征及其系统发育关系,提示SVA在我国猪群中仍处于低水平流行并持续演化,同时表现出潜在跨区域传播风险。未来应加强全国范围的分子流行病学监测,结合体内致病性评价、传播动力学研究及抗原性变化验证以全面理解SVA的演化机制、传播动力学及抗原变异规律,从而为新型诊断技术和疫苗设计提供科学依据,降低SVA对我国及全球养猪业的潜在威胁。
  • 兰州市人才创新创业项目(2024-HL-7)
  • 国家生猪技术创新中心牧原项目(NCTIP-MY23004)
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2026年第66卷第3期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250742
  • 接收时间:2025-09-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-12
  • 出版时间:2026-03-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-30
  • 录用日期:2025-12-06
基金
Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(2024-HL-7)
兰州市人才创新创业项目(2024-HL-7)
Muyuan Project of National Center of Technology Innovation for Pig(NCTIP-MY23004)
国家生猪技术创新中心牧原项目(NCTIP-MY23004)
作者信息
    1.中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所/兰州大学 动物医学与生物安全学院,动物疫病防控全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州
    2.甘肃省病原生物学基础学科研究中心,甘肃 兰州
    3.甘肃农业大学,甘肃 兰州
    4.瑞普生物股份有限公司,天津
    5.宁夏大学 动物科技学院,宁夏 银川

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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