Article(id=1228017378106212360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1228017371202388759, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240573, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1726588800000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1731859200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-11-18, onlineDate=1770711758400, onlineDateStr=2026-02-10, pubDate=1741017600000, pubDateStr=2025-03-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770711758400, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770711758400, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770711758400, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228017371202388759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='3', pageStart='871', pageEnd='1336', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770711756754, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770719134572, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228048316089434941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1228017371202388759, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228048316093629246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1228017371202388759, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1319, endPage=1336, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228017379611967524, articleId=1228017378106212360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=A dual enzymatic recombinase amplification method for rapid detection of six foodborne pathogens in formula milk powder, columnId=1194702985843413943, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Technology and Method, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To establish a dual detection method for contaminations by six foodborne pathogens (Cronobacter, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes) in formula milk powder in a rapid manner. [Methods] Enzymatic recombinase amplification (ERA) is a novel isothermal amplification technology that exponentially amplifies trace amounts of DNA or RNA in 10-30 min at 25-42 ℃. The primers and probe of ERA for the detection of Cronobacter were designed. Meanwhile, the ERA primers and probes suitable for the detection of E. coli O157:H7, B. cereus, S. aureus, Salmonella, and L. monocytogenes were screened. Further, through pairwise combination and cross-reactivity analysis, as well as method optimization, the dual ERA detection system was established. The limit of detection and accuracy of the method were determined by application of this method in the detection of simulated contaminations and actual samples. [Results] Three groups of dual ERA systems were established, achieving the detection of six pathogens in 16 min 10 s. The established method showed the sensitivity of 1 ng/μL in the DNA detection of the combinations of Cronobacter with E. coli O157:H7, B. cereus, and S. aureus, while it showed the sensitivity of 10-1 ng/μL in the DNA detection of Salmonella and L. monocytogenes. The results of the simulation contaminations showed that the limit of detection of the method was 1 CFU/mL. The dual ERA method established in this study was then adopted to detect 37 commercially available formula milk powder samples near the expiration date. The detection rates of B. cereus and L. monocytogenes were 37.84% and 21.62%, respectively. The results were consistent with those of the real-time PCR (industry standard method), confirming the accuracy of the dual ERA method established in this study. [Conclusion] The dual ERA method established in this study exhibits high specificity and high sensitivity. Moreover, it takes merely approximately 25 min from DNA extraction to obtaining the detection results, and it is capable of simultaneously detecting six pathogens, demonstrating high efficiency. This method is of importance for the rapid screening of foodborne pathogens.

, correspAuthors=Zhengliang WANG, Feng ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: ZHANG Feng,
WANG Zhengliang,
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#These authors contributed equally to this work.

, authorsList=Yaqian MIAO, Yange YANG, Jiansong ZHAO, Ying WEI, Xiujuan WANG, Fei YUAN, Zhengliang WANG, Feng ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1228017382543786238, articleId=1228017378106212360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=配方乳粉中6种致病菌双重酶促等温扩增快速检测方法的建立, columnId=1194702986061517752, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=技术与方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】 建立一种双重快速检测方法,旨在快速筛查配方乳粉中克罗诺杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7、蜡样芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌和单核增生李斯特氏菌等6种常见食源性致病菌。 【方法】 酶促等温扩增(enzymatic recombinase amplification, ERA)技术是一种新型等温扩增技术,能在25-42 ℃的条件下,仅需10-30 min完成对微量DNA或RNA的指数级扩增。基于该技术,本研究设计了针对克罗诺杆菌的ERA检测引物探针,同时筛选适用于ERA检测体系的大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7、蜡样芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌和单核增生李斯特氏菌的引物探针,确定了每种单一菌种的ERA检测引物探针。通过引物探针的两两组合分析及方法优化,建立双重ERA检测方法。通过人工模拟污染试验和实际样品检测,确定双重ERA检测方法的检出限和准确性。 【结果】 建立了3组双重ERA法,能够快速检测6种食源性致病菌,检测时间仅需16 min 10 s。灵敏度检测结果显示,克罗诺杆菌和大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7、蜡样芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌2种组合的DNA检测灵敏度均为1 ng/μL,而沙门氏菌和单核增生李斯特氏菌的DNA检测灵敏度为10-1 ng/μL。人工模拟污染试验显示,该方法能检出的最低菌浓度为1 CFU/mL。在37份临期市售配方乳粉中,蜡样芽孢杆菌和单核增生李斯特氏菌的检出率分别为37.84%和21.62%。与行业标准实时荧光PCR法的检测结果比对,本研究建立的双重ERA检测方法结果一致,证实了其准确性。 【结论】 本研究建立的双重ERA方法具有较高的特异性和灵敏度,从DNA提取到最终获得检测结果该方法仅需约20 min,并能同时检测6种致病菌,显著提高了检测效率,对食源性致病菌的快速筛查具有重要意义。

, correspAuthors=王正亮, 张峰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Smqf5tF38gStav6bFuln/A==, magXml=RM2yqgx28JgOmRWAUUw+Cg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ihnLFrx8UrtjefFP+9X7bA==, pdfFileSize=5117935, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=aOvqhaBLrHjMdTGDXkyWrg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=kTsMzUCYPrVE+ZAjPOHV0A==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

作者贡献声明

苗雅倩:负责文章的撰写和修改工作,完成双重ERA的具体实验和数据分析;杨艳歌:负责引物探针设计,设计研究方案,指导完成具体的研究内容和文章的修改;赵健淞:负责单重ERA引物探针筛选,并参与实验的讨论和数据的收集与整理工作;魏莹:负责克罗诺杆菌引物探针的筛选,为后续实验的顺利推进提供了数据支持;王秀娟:负责文章的检查和校对,确保论文的准确性和专业性;袁飞:有效协调研究成员的工作,确保各项研究任务的顺利推进和高效完成;王正亮:对本研究进行有效监督和指导,同时负责论文的整体框架构建;张峰:明确研究目标和研究内容,确保文章的逻辑性和条理性。该成果由张峰于2025年1月1日前指导完成。

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Study on phage characteristics and protection methods of Ralstonia solanacearum [D]. Kunming: Master’s Thesis of Yunnan University, 2022 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1228088877597000009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, awardId=2022YFF1100900, language=EN, fundingSource=National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1100900), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228088877693469004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, awardId=2022YFF1100900, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1100900), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228088877827686737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, awardId=2023KY06, language=EN, fundingSource=Science and Technology Plan of Shanxi Administration for Market Regulation(2023KY06), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228088877919961434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, awardId=2023KY06, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西省市场监督管理局科技计划(2023KY06), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1228088868335977274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228088868340171580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, companyId=1228088868335977274, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228088868348560188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, companyId=1228088868335977274, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国计量大学 生命科学学院,浙江省生物计量及检验检疫技术重点实验室,浙江 杭州)]), AuthorCompany(id=1228088868436640578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228088868440834883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, companyId=1228088868436640578, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228088868449223492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, companyId=1228088868436640578, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国检验检疫科学研究院,北京)]), AuthorCompany(id=1228088868541498187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228088868549886794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, companyId=1228088868541498187, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Key Laboratory of the State Administration for Market Regulation (Food Quality and Security), Beijing, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228088868554081099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, companyId=1228088868541498187, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(食品质量与安全),北京)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1228088874216390828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=The screening results of primers and probes. A: Amplification results of designed the primers and probe of K-F/R/P for Cronobacter; B-G: Amplification results of six groups of primers and probes for E. coli: rfbE2-F/R/P, rfbE1-F/R/P, rfbE3-F/R/P, flic-F/R/P, STX-F/R/P, VP4-F/R/P in ERA detection system; H: Amplification results of the primers and probe of L-F/R/P for B. cereus in ERA detection system. The strain names and strain numbers corresponding to 1-23 are shown in Table 1. CK represents blank control., figureFileSmall=kjWE0knM52LKAjpk7v5n3g==, figureFileBig=/riGFU3G4V6UWYJWUhfKQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088874342219957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, language=CN, label=图1, caption=引物和探针的筛选结果, figureFileSmall=kjWE0knM52LKAjpk7v5n3g==, figureFileBig=/riGFU3G4V6UWYJWUhfKQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088874447077568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Specificity analysis of ERA detection with the screened primers and probes. A: Specificity analysis results of the primers and probe of K-F/R/P for Cronobacter; B: Specific analysis results of the primers and probe of rfbE2-F/R/P for E. coli O157:H7; C: Specificity analysis results of the primers and probe of L-F/R/P for B. cereus. The strain names and strain numbers corresponding to 1, 10, 20, 24-34 are shown in Table 1. CK represents blank control., figureFileSmall=htM+OI+QuWBrDGY8KjD77w==, figureFileBig=z6oqGp59BPaStdD9VyRdDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088874556129481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, language=CN, label=图2, caption=筛选的引物探针ERA检测特异性分析, figureFileSmall=htM+OI+QuWBrDGY8KjD77w==, figureFileBig=z6oqGp59BPaStdD9VyRdDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088874648404177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Detection results of dual ERA for six bacteria. A: Dual ERA detection results of Cronobacter (FAM) and S. aureus (ROX); B: Dual ERA detection results of Cronobacter (FAM) and Salmonella (HEX); C: Dual ERA detection results of B. cereus (FAM) and E. coli O157:H7 (Cy5); D: Dual ERA detection results of B. cereus (FAM) and L. monocytogenes (Cy5); E: Dual ERA detection results of B. cereus (FAM) and Salmonella (HEX); F: Dual ERA detection results of Cronobacter (FAM) and E. coli O157:H7 (Cy5); G: Dual ERA detection results of B. cereus (FAM) and S. aureus (ROX); H: Dual ERA detection results of Salmonella (FAM) and L. monocytogenes (Cy5). CK represents blank control., figureFileSmall=wvV9sSUMBiuZe7n1R+g69A==, figureFileBig=zXdRTseeP0f69caqhouldw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088874778427613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, language=CN, label=图3, caption=六种菌的双重ERA检测结果, figureFileSmall=wvV9sSUMBiuZe7n1R+g69A==, figureFileBig=zXdRTseeP0f69caqhouldw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088874870702309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Optimization results of dual ERA system. A-C: Dual ERA amplification results of Cronobacter (FAM) and E. coli 0157:H7 (Cy5) with optimized amounts of primers, probes and activators; D-F: Dual ERA amplification results of B. cereus (FAM) and S. aureus (ROX) with optimized amounts of primers, probes and activators; G-I: Dual ERA amplification results of Salmonella (FAM) and L. monocytogenes (Cy5) with optimized amounts of primers, probes and activators. CK represents blank control., figureFileSmall=6ACPAba9nQorWQt007HNeA==, figureFileBig=LGgY4pVJ+g2MTlTCjyLmtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088874988142827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, language=CN, label=图4, caption=双重ERA体系优化结果, figureFileSmall=6ACPAba9nQorWQt007HNeA==, figureFileBig=LGgY4pVJ+g2MTlTCjyLmtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088876401623290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Optimization results of the dual ERA program. A-D: The detection results of dual ERA for Cronobacter (FAM) and E. coli O157:H7 (Cy5) in the second amplification procedure with 14 s, 50 cycles, 14 s, 40 cycles, 10 s, 40 cycles, and 10 s, 30 cycles; E-H: The detection results of dual ERA for B. cereus (FAM) and S. aureus (ROX) in the second amplification procedure with 14 s, 50 cycles, 14 s, 40 cycles, 10 s, 40 cycles, and 10 s, 30 cycles; I-L: The detection results of dual ERA for Salmonella (FAM) and L. monocytogenes (Cy5) in the second amplification procedure with 14 s, 50 cycles, 14 s, 40 cycles, 10 s, 40 cycles, and 10 s, 30 cycles. CK represents blank control., figureFileSmall=sFF75HV4XWbgTLWLYVZ9qA==, figureFileBig=6gt0bx+6bdYJ9PcZbcLEyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088876523258118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, language=CN, label=图5, caption=双重ERA程序优化结果, figureFileSmall=sFF75HV4XWbgTLWLYVZ9qA==, figureFileBig=6gt0bx+6bdYJ9PcZbcLEyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088876632310028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Sensitivity analysis of dual ERA. A: The sensitivity analysis results of the dual ERA detection procedure for Cronobacter (FAM) and E. coli O157:H7 (Cy5); B: The sensitivity analysis results of the dual ERA detection for B. cereus (FAM) and S. aureus (ROX); C: The sensitivity analysis results of the dual ERA detection for Salmonella (FAM) and L. monocytogenes (Cy5). CK represents the blank control., figureFileSmall=0vErwEGfabkpGabDWDBA5g==, figureFileBig=AnleTyVXKKef2m4tB07myA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088876720390418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, language=CN, label=图6, caption=双重ERA灵敏度分析, figureFileSmall=0vErwEGfabkpGabDWDBA5g==, figureFileBig=AnleTyVXKKef2m4tB07myA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088876862996761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The information of strains used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Strains numberGenus nameBacterial strainsSource
1CronobacterCronobacter sakazakiiATCC 29544
2Cronobacter muytjensiiATCC 51329
3Cronobacter malonaticusDSM 18702
4Cronobacter dublinensisDSM 18705
5Cronobacter universalisNCTC 9529
6Cronobacter turicensisDSM 18703
7Cronobacter condimentiLMG 26250
8Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lactaridiDSM 18707
9Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lausannensisLMG 23824
10Escherichia coliEscherichia coli O157:H7ATCC 43895
11Escherichia coli O157:H7NCTC 12900
12Escherichia coli O157:H7ATCC 43889
13Escherichia coli H11:O130IQCC 50170
14Escherichia coli H7:O28acIQCC 30146
15Escherichia coli H11:O78IQCC 30120
16Escherichia coliIQCC 10198
17Escherichia coliCMCC 44104
18Escherichia coliATCC 11775
19Escherichia hermanniiIQCC 10117
20Bacillus cereusBacillus cereusATCC 10876
21Bacillus cereusCMCC 63303
22Bacillus cereusATCC 11778
23Bacillus cereusATCC 33019
24OthersListeria monocytogenesATCC 13932
25Salmonella entericaATCC 43971
26Staphylococcus aureusATCC 12600
27Yersinia enterorcoliticaATCC 27729
28Vibrio parahaemolyticusATCC 33847
29Streptococcus hemolyticCMCC 32210
30Vibrio parahaemolyticusIQCC 12312
31Listeria ivanoviiATCC 19119
32Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 25619
33Shigella flexneriCMCC 51571
34Pseudomonas FluorescensATCC 17397
), ArticleFig(id=1228088876984631585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用菌株信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Strains numberGenus nameBacterial strainsSource
1CronobacterCronobacter sakazakiiATCC 29544
2Cronobacter muytjensiiATCC 51329
3Cronobacter malonaticusDSM 18702
4Cronobacter dublinensisDSM 18705
5Cronobacter universalisNCTC 9529
6Cronobacter turicensisDSM 18703
7Cronobacter condimentiLMG 26250
8Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lactaridiDSM 18707
9Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lausannensisLMG 23824
10Escherichia coliEscherichia coli O157:H7ATCC 43895
11Escherichia coli O157:H7NCTC 12900
12Escherichia coli O157:H7ATCC 43889
13Escherichia coli H11:O130IQCC 50170
14Escherichia coli H7:O28acIQCC 30146
15Escherichia coli H11:O78IQCC 30120
16Escherichia coliIQCC 10198
17Escherichia coliCMCC 44104
18Escherichia coliATCC 11775
19Escherichia hermanniiIQCC 10117
20Bacillus cereusBacillus cereusATCC 10876
21Bacillus cereusCMCC 63303
22Bacillus cereusATCC 11778
23Bacillus cereusATCC 33019
24OthersListeria monocytogenesATCC 13932
25Salmonella entericaATCC 43971
26Staphylococcus aureusATCC 12600
27Yersinia enterorcoliticaATCC 27729
28Vibrio parahaemolyticusATCC 33847
29Streptococcus hemolyticCMCC 32210
30Vibrio parahaemolyticusIQCC 12312
31Listeria ivanoviiATCC 19119
32Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 25619
33Shigella flexneriCMCC 51571
34Pseudomonas FluorescensATCC 17397
), ArticleFig(id=1228088877097877803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The information of primers and probes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Target bacteriaSample numberPrimers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)GenBank accession numberTarget genesLocation
Cronobacter1#K-FCCTACACCGAAAAAGATCGCACCGAAGATCP027107.2ompX1 989 256-1 989 284
K-RGAGAAGTCCAGAGCAACGTCCTGAACC1 989 044-1 989 070
K-P

CGACTGGGCGAGCATCTACGGCGTAGTGGG[FAM-dT][THF]

[BHQ1-dT]TGGTTACGACAAAGCT[c3-spacer]

Escherichia coli O157:H72#rfbE2-FAAAGGTAAATATGTGGGAACATTTGGAGATAF163334.1rfbE12-41
rfbE2-RAAAATCATCAGCTTGTTCTAACTGGGCTAA234-263
rfbE2-Pa

TGGAATGGTTGTCACGAATGACAAAACAC[Cy5-dT]T[THF]A

[BHQ2-dT]GACCGTTGTTTAC[c3-spacer]

Bacillus cereus3#L-FATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCCGTAAACGATGAGKY224970.116S rRNA777-811
L-RCAACATCTCACGACACGAGCTGACGACAACCA1 048-1 083
L-P

CTAAGTGTTAGAGGGTTTCCGCCCTTTAGTGC[FAM-dT][THF]

AAG[BHQ1-dT]TAACGCATTAAGC[c3-spacer]

Staphylococcus aureus4#J-FCTTATAGGGATGGCTATCAGTAATGTTTCG0R726991.1nuc22-51
J-RTCTATTTACGCCATTATCTGTTTGTGATGC145-174
J-Pa

ACGCAAAGAGGTTTTTCTATTTCGCTAC[ROX-dT]A[THF]

[BHQ1-dT]TGTTTAGTGTTAAC[c3-spacer]

Salmonella5#S-FATATTACCAGATATATATTAGAGCAATGGAAAACP043222.1fimY28 653-28 685
S-RATAGCCGAGGTAGTTATCAGTTGTAATTATTG28 849-28 879
S-P

TTTAAGAAATGCCAAAGACTGCGCCTGCCG[FAM-dT]T[THF]

[BHQ1-dT]CACTCTCCAACGCCG[c3-spacer]

Listeria

monocytogenes

6#D-FTCGATCACTCTGGAGGATACGTTGCTCAATTCLC259949.1hlyA1 473-1 504
D-RGTTACCAGGCAAATAGATGGACGATGTGAAAT1 599-1 630
D-Pa

CATTTCTTGGGATGAAGTAAATTATGATCC

[Cy5-dT]GA[THF]GG[BHQ2-dT]AACGAAATTGTTC[c3-spacer]

), ArticleFig(id=1228088877185958193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

引物和探针序列信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Target bacteriaSample numberPrimers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)GenBank accession numberTarget genesLocation
Cronobacter1#K-FCCTACACCGAAAAAGATCGCACCGAAGATCP027107.2ompX1 989 256-1 989 284
K-RGAGAAGTCCAGAGCAACGTCCTGAACC1 989 044-1 989 070
K-P

CGACTGGGCGAGCATCTACGGCGTAGTGGG[FAM-dT][THF]

[BHQ1-dT]TGGTTACGACAAAGCT[c3-spacer]

Escherichia coli O157:H72#rfbE2-FAAAGGTAAATATGTGGGAACATTTGGAGATAF163334.1rfbE12-41
rfbE2-RAAAATCATCAGCTTGTTCTAACTGGGCTAA234-263
rfbE2-Pa

TGGAATGGTTGTCACGAATGACAAAACAC[Cy5-dT]T[THF]A

[BHQ2-dT]GACCGTTGTTTAC[c3-spacer]

Bacillus cereus3#L-FATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCCGTAAACGATGAGKY224970.116S rRNA777-811
L-RCAACATCTCACGACACGAGCTGACGACAACCA1 048-1 083
L-P

CTAAGTGTTAGAGGGTTTCCGCCCTTTAGTGC[FAM-dT][THF]

AAG[BHQ1-dT]TAACGCATTAAGC[c3-spacer]

Staphylococcus aureus4#J-FCTTATAGGGATGGCTATCAGTAATGTTTCG0R726991.1nuc22-51
J-RTCTATTTACGCCATTATCTGTTTGTGATGC145-174
J-Pa

ACGCAAAGAGGTTTTTCTATTTCGCTAC[ROX-dT]A[THF]

[BHQ1-dT]TGTTTAGTGTTAAC[c3-spacer]

Salmonella5#S-FATATTACCAGATATATATTAGAGCAATGGAAAACP043222.1fimY28 653-28 685
S-RATAGCCGAGGTAGTTATCAGTTGTAATTATTG28 849-28 879
S-P

TTTAAGAAATGCCAAAGACTGCGCCTGCCG[FAM-dT]T[THF]

[BHQ1-dT]CACTCTCCAACGCCG[c3-spacer]

Listeria

monocytogenes

6#D-FTCGATCACTCTGGAGGATACGTTGCTCAATTCLC259949.1hlyA1 473-1 504
D-RGTTACCAGGCAAATAGATGGACGATGTGAAAT1 599-1 630
D-Pa

CATTTCTTGGGATGAAGTAAATTATGATCC

[Cy5-dT]GA[THF]GG[BHQ2-dT]AACGAAATTGTTC[c3-spacer]

), ArticleFig(id=1228088877332758839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The detection results of artificially contaminated samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Time (h)CronobacterEscherichia coli O157:H7Bacillus cereusStaphylococcus aureusSalmonellaListeria monocytogenes
0------
2------
4------
6++++++
8++++++
), ArticleFig(id=1228088877437616446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017378106212360, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

人工污染检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Time (h)CronobacterEscherichia coli O157:H7Bacillus cereusStaphylococcus aureusSalmonellaListeria monocytogenes
0------
2------
4------
6++++++
8++++++
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配方乳粉中6种致病菌双重酶促等温扩增快速检测方法的建立
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苗雅倩 1, 2, 3 , 杨艳歌 2, 3 , 赵健淞 2, 3 , 魏莹 2, 3 , 王秀娟 2, 3 , 袁飞 2, 3 , 王正亮 1, * , 张峰 2, 3, *
微生物学报 | 技术与方法 2025,65(3): 1319-1336
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微生物学报 | 技术与方法 2025, 65(3): 1319-1336
配方乳粉中6种致病菌双重酶促等温扩增快速检测方法的建立
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苗雅倩1, 2, 3, 杨艳歌2, 3, 赵健淞2, 3, 魏莹2, 3, 王秀娟2, 3, 袁飞2, 3, 王正亮1, * , 张峰2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1 中国计量大学 生命科学学院,浙江省生物计量及检验检疫技术重点实验室,浙江 杭州
  • 2 中国检验检疫科学研究院,北京
  • 3 国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(食品质量与安全),北京
A dual enzymatic recombinase amplification method for rapid detection of six foodborne pathogens in formula milk powder
Yaqian MIAO1, 2, 3, Yange YANG2, 3, Jiansong ZHAO2, 3, Ying WEI2, 3, Xiujuan WANG2, 3, Fei YUAN2, 3, Zhengliang WANG1, * , Feng ZHANG2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
  • 2 Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
  • 3 Key Laboratory of the State Administration for Market Regulation (Food Quality and Security), Beijing, China
出版时间: 2025-03-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240573
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【目的】 建立一种双重快速检测方法,旨在快速筛查配方乳粉中克罗诺杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7、蜡样芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌和单核增生李斯特氏菌等6种常见食源性致病菌。 【方法】 酶促等温扩增(enzymatic recombinase amplification, ERA)技术是一种新型等温扩增技术,能在25-42 ℃的条件下,仅需10-30 min完成对微量DNA或RNA的指数级扩增。基于该技术,本研究设计了针对克罗诺杆菌的ERA检测引物探针,同时筛选适用于ERA检测体系的大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7、蜡样芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌和单核增生李斯特氏菌的引物探针,确定了每种单一菌种的ERA检测引物探针。通过引物探针的两两组合分析及方法优化,建立双重ERA检测方法。通过人工模拟污染试验和实际样品检测,确定双重ERA检测方法的检出限和准确性。 【结果】 建立了3组双重ERA法,能够快速检测6种食源性致病菌,检测时间仅需16 min 10 s。灵敏度检测结果显示,克罗诺杆菌和大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7、蜡样芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌2种组合的DNA检测灵敏度均为1 ng/μL,而沙门氏菌和单核增生李斯特氏菌的DNA检测灵敏度为10-1 ng/μL。人工模拟污染试验显示,该方法能检出的最低菌浓度为1 CFU/mL。在37份临期市售配方乳粉中,蜡样芽孢杆菌和单核增生李斯特氏菌的检出率分别为37.84%和21.62%。与行业标准实时荧光PCR法的检测结果比对,本研究建立的双重ERA检测方法结果一致,证实了其准确性。 【结论】 本研究建立的双重ERA方法具有较高的特异性和灵敏度,从DNA提取到最终获得检测结果该方法仅需约20 min,并能同时检测6种致病菌,显著提高了检测效率,对食源性致病菌的快速筛查具有重要意义。

配方乳粉  /  酶促等温扩增  /  食源性致病菌  /  快速检测

[Objective] To establish a dual detection method for contaminations by six foodborne pathogens (Cronobacter, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes) in formula milk powder in a rapid manner. [Methods] Enzymatic recombinase amplification (ERA) is a novel isothermal amplification technology that exponentially amplifies trace amounts of DNA or RNA in 10-30 min at 25-42 ℃. The primers and probe of ERA for the detection of Cronobacter were designed. Meanwhile, the ERA primers and probes suitable for the detection of E. coli O157:H7, B. cereus, S. aureus, Salmonella, and L. monocytogenes were screened. Further, through pairwise combination and cross-reactivity analysis, as well as method optimization, the dual ERA detection system was established. The limit of detection and accuracy of the method were determined by application of this method in the detection of simulated contaminations and actual samples. [Results] Three groups of dual ERA systems were established, achieving the detection of six pathogens in 16 min 10 s. The established method showed the sensitivity of 1 ng/μL in the DNA detection of the combinations of Cronobacter with E. coli O157:H7, B. cereus, and S. aureus, while it showed the sensitivity of 10-1 ng/μL in the DNA detection of Salmonella and L. monocytogenes. The results of the simulation contaminations showed that the limit of detection of the method was 1 CFU/mL. The dual ERA method established in this study was then adopted to detect 37 commercially available formula milk powder samples near the expiration date. The detection rates of B. cereus and L. monocytogenes were 37.84% and 21.62%, respectively. The results were consistent with those of the real-time PCR (industry standard method), confirming the accuracy of the dual ERA method established in this study. [Conclusion] The dual ERA method established in this study exhibits high specificity and high sensitivity. Moreover, it takes merely approximately 25 min from DNA extraction to obtaining the detection results, and it is capable of simultaneously detecting six pathogens, demonstrating high efficiency. This method is of importance for the rapid screening of foodborne pathogens.

formula milk powder  /  enzymatic recombinase amplification  /  foodborne pathogens  /  rapid detection
苗雅倩, 杨艳歌, 赵健淞, 魏莹, 王秀娟, 袁飞, 王正亮, 张峰. 配方乳粉中6种致病菌双重酶促等温扩增快速检测方法的建立. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (3) : 1319 -1336 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240573
Yaqian MIAO, Yange YANG, Jiansong ZHAO, Ying WEI, Xiujuan WANG, Fei YUAN, Zhengliang WANG, Feng ZHANG. A dual enzymatic recombinase amplification method for rapid detection of six foodborne pathogens in formula milk powder[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (3) : 1319 -1336 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240573
配方乳粉,作为一种专为婴幼儿设计的食品,其营养成分与母乳相似,旨在满足婴幼儿生长发育所需的各类营养物质[1-2]。然而,这类食品在储藏和运输环节中极易受到微生物的污染,特别是对于免疫力相对较弱的婴幼儿、老年人及孕妇等群体,其健康安全问题更是面临着严峻的威胁[3-4]。在2022年,美国发生4起婴儿因食用乳粉而感染致病菌的事件,其中3起由克罗诺杆菌(原称为阪崎肠杆菌)引起,另外1起由沙门氏菌导致,该事件导致1名婴儿不幸丧生。因此,确保配方乳粉安全对于保护婴幼儿健康至关重要。
配方乳粉中的高风险致病菌主要包括大肠埃希氏菌、沙门氏菌、克罗诺杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和单核增生李斯特氏菌等[5-8]。这些致病菌中,前4种是我国食品安全监督抽检在配方乳粉致病菌检测中的必检项目。大肠埃希氏菌作为引起细菌性疾病的主要病原体之一,其致病性在全球范围内位列前列。根据我国食品安全抽检数据,大肠菌落总数已成为乳品监督抽检中不合格项目的主要微生物指标。其中,大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7的致病性显著高于一般大肠埃希氏菌,仅需100-200个活菌即可突破胃酸屏障,进而引发感染。一旦感染,患者可能会发展为溶血性尿毒综合征、血栓性血小板减少性紫癜等严重并发症,甚至危及生命[9-11]。金黄色葡萄球菌引起的细菌性疾病在致病性方面仅次于大肠埃希氏菌,位居第二,能够导致败血症、肺炎等疾病[12]。克罗诺杆菌对婴幼儿的危害尤为严重,可引发机体坏死性小肠结肠炎、脑膜炎和败血症,其致死率高达40%-80%[13-14]。沙门氏菌在食品中引起的中毒事件占比高达80%,感染后患者可能患上菌血症和脑膜炎,对机体健康造成严重威胁[15-16]。单核增生李斯特氏菌同样是一种重要的致病菌,孕妇感染后可能导致胎儿感染、胎停育、流产等严重后果[17-18]。蜡样芽孢杆菌因其能够产生芽孢和生物膜,而具备了高度的抗性,从而增加了彻底杀灭的难度。据世界卫生组织报道,全球约有1/10的消费者因食用腐败食物而中毒,其中蜡样芽孢杆菌引起的感染事件位列第三[19-20]。因此,加强配方乳粉中致病菌的检测工作尤为重要[21-22]
传统的食源性致病菌检测通常结合微生物培养法和生化分析2种方法,我国现行国标GB/T 4789系列标准也主要采用这2种方法进行测定。尽管传统的微生物检测方法在准确性方面表现良好,但检验流程繁琐、耗费时间较长、灵敏度相对较低等问题,极大限制了检测的时效性[23]。相比之下,PCR技术具有特异性强、灵敏度高等显著优点,是替代传统培养法的有力候选,也是目前应用最广泛的快速检测技术。然而,PCR技术仍需大约2 h来完成对目的基因的扩增,并且需要配备专业的变温核酸扩增仪器[24]。酶促等温扩增(enzymatic recombinase amplification, ERA)技术是我国于2019年自主研发的一项技术。其基本原理是重组酶首先与上、下游引物结合,寻找并定位同源双链DNA。一旦定位成功并发生链交换,同时单链结合蛋白(single-stranded DNA-binding protein, SSB)与亲本链绑定,阻止其与已脱离的模板链再次发生相互作用。随后,DNA聚合酶从上、下游引物的3′端启动合成,形成2条新的双链DNA,如此循环往复,实现扩增。该技术具有反应温度低、反应速率快、灵敏度高等特点。在25-42 ℃条件下仅需10-30 min即可达到与PCR技术相当的扩增效率,且无需热循环设备。这一特性解决了传统PCR依赖精密仪器、需要变温条件、检测周期较长等问题,展现出优秀的快速检测应用前景[25]。目前,ERA技术已在临床和检疫领域得到相关研究。例如,Li等[26]采用ERA方法快速检测了虾肠细胞虫感染;曾宇晨等[27]建立了非洲猪瘟ERA快速检测方法;刘迪等[28]开发了ERA-LFD猫疱疹病毒现场快速检测方法;Deng等[29]则建立了ERA-CRISPR/Cas12a肺炎支原体的快速检测方法。这些研究中,临床样本的检测结果与实时荧光PCR法检测结果一致,充分证实了ERA方法的准确性。然而,目前的研究大多聚焦于单个靶标的检测。针对配方乳粉中易污染的克罗诺杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7、蜡样芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌和单核增生李斯特氏菌这6种菌,本研究建立了双重ERA快速检测方法。相较于单重ERA,该方法提高了反应通量,进一步缩短了检测时间。本研究为食源性致病菌的快速筛查提供了新的、有效的检测手段。
实验用菌分别来源于美国菌种保藏中心(American Type Culture Collection, ATCC)、德国微生物菌种保藏中心(Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen, DSM)、英国典型菌种保藏中心(National Collection of Type Cultures, NCTC)、比利时细菌菌种保藏中心(Bacteria Collection, LMG)、中国医学细菌菌种保藏管理中心(National Center for Medical Culture Collections, CMCC)和中国检验检疫微生物菌种保藏管理中心(Inspection and Quarantine Culture Collections, IQCC),以上所有菌均保藏于IQCC。信息详见表1
脑心浸液肉汤培养基(brain heart infusion, BHI)、脑心浸液琼脂培养基(brain heart infusion Agar, BHIA)、LB肉汤培养基,Oxoid公司;PrepManTM Ultra样品制备试剂,ThermoFisher Scientific公司;荧光型核酸扩增试剂盒(ERA法),苏州先达基因科技有限公司;市售配方乳粉样品购自北京超市和电商。
便携式实时荧光PCR仪,艾济遗传(北京)科技有限公司;离心机,ThermoFisher Scientific公司;掌上离心机,Scilogex公司;紫外可见光分光光度仪,岛津公司;涡旋混合器,IKA公司;高压灭菌锅,Tuttnauer公司;电热恒温培养箱,Memmert公司。
蘸取菌液在BHIA培养基表面划线,于37 ℃培养18 h后,挑取单菌落加入到5 mL的BHI培养基中,继续培养12 h。取1 mL菌液置于1.5 mL离心管中16 000×g离心2 min,弃去上清后加入100 μL PrepManTM Ultra进行DNA提取,涡旋振荡混匀,100 ℃加热5 min后16 000×g离心2 min,取50 μL上清液即为DNA模板,测其浓度后于-20 ℃保存。
从GenBank数据库中提取阪崎克洛诺斯杆菌(Cronobacter sakazakii) ATCC 29544、莫氏克洛诺斯杆菌(Cronobacter muytjensii) ATCC 51329、丙二酸克洛诺斯杆菌(Cronobacter malonaticus) DSM 18702、都柏林克洛诺斯杆菌(Cronobacter dublinensis) DSM 18705、广泛克洛诺斯杆菌(Cronobacter universalis) NCTC 9529、苏黎士克洛诺斯杆菌(Cronobacter turicensis) DSM 18703、香料克洛诺斯杆菌(Cronobacter condimenti) LMG 26250、都柏林克洛诺斯杆菌奶粉亚种(Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lactaridi) DSM 18707和都柏林克洛诺斯杆菌洛桑亚种(Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lausannensis) LMG 23824,以及其他近源食源性致病菌的外膜蛋白X (outer membrane protein X, OmpX)基因序列,利用ClustalX软件进行多重序列比对,在属间保守区域和属间差异性区域设计克罗诺杆菌ERA引物探针。经过多组引物探针筛选,已经确定了可用于ERA检测体系的沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和单核增生李斯特氏菌引物探针[30-31]。本研究进一步对文献[32-38]中的大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7 (根据靶标基因分别命名为rfbE1-F/R/P、rfbE2-F/R/P、rfbE3-F/R/P、VP4-F/R/P、flic-F/R/P、STX-F/R/P)和蜡样芽孢杆菌的RPA引物探针进行ERA实验效果分析,确定最优引物探针组合。
在引物探针筛选过程中,探针的荧光基团统一为6-羧基荧光素(6-carboxyfluorescein, FAM),淬灭基团统一用黑洞猝灭剂-1 (black hole quencher, BHQ1)。在进行双重ERA法检测时,金黄色葡萄球菌探针的荧光基团换为罗丹明X (X-rhodamine, ROX),淬灭基团不变;大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7和单核增生李斯特氏菌探针的荧光基团换为花青素5 (cyanine 5, Cy5),淬灭基团换为黑洞猝灭剂-2 (black hole quencher, BHQ2)。引物探针序列和标记信息详见表2,引物探针由北京六合华大基因科技有限公司合成。
分别以克罗诺杆菌ATCC 29544、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7 ATCC 43895、蜡样芽孢杆菌ATCC 10876为靶标菌株,并互为对照菌株,同时以表1中编号24-34的11株菌为阴性对照菌株,进行ERA特异性分析。所有样品的基因组DNA浓度统一为10 ng/μL,重复实验3次。
反应预混液参照荧光型核酸扩增试剂盒(ERA法)使用说明书制备:溶解剂20.0 μL,正、反向引物(10 μmol/μL)各2.1 μL,探针0.6 μL,模板1.0 μL,ddH2O 22.2 μL。取上述48.0 μL预混液溶解酶粉,振荡混匀并短暂离心。在管盖上加入2.0 μL的激活剂,小心盖好管盖,瞬时离心使激活剂进入预混液中,短暂振荡混匀并再次快速离心,放入便携式实时荧光PCR仪中反应。反应程序:第一阶段39 ℃ 1 s;第二阶段39 ℃ 16 s,共60个循环,进行FAM荧光信号收集,以无菌ddH2O为空白对照,重复实验3次。
双重ERA反应体系参照荧光型核酸扩增试剂盒(ERA法)使用说明书制备预混液,每种上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)各1.0 μL,每种探针0.4 μL,取混匀后的预混液46.0 μL至ERA酶粉反应管,模板量均为2.0 μL,向管盖滴加2.0 μL激活剂,盖紧后涡旋瞬时离心,放入便携式实时荧光PCR仪进行ERA反应。反应程序为第一阶段39 ℃ 1 s;第二阶段39 ℃ 14 s,共40个循环,进行FAM荧光信号收集,以无菌ddH2O为空白对照,重复实验3次。
将反应体系中3种致病菌的正、反向混合引物的体积分别调整至0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 μL,保持其他组分不变,并相应调整ddH2O含量,使反应体系总体积保持不变,放入便携式实时荧光PCR仪中反应,每个反应设置2个平行,并重复实验3次。
采用1.7.1筛选出的扩增效率最好的引物体积,将体系中的探针体积分别调整至0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8 μL,其他组分保持不变,余下步骤同1.7.1。
采用1.7.1和1.7.2筛选出扩增效率最好的引物及探针体积,将体系中的Mg2+激活剂体积分别调整至1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0 μL,其他组分保持不变,余下步骤1.7.1。
为满足快速检测需求,在1.7的最佳反应体系的基础上对反应程序进行优化,即反应程序第二阶段控制在39 ℃条件下,扩增程序分别调整为14 s、50循环;14 s、40循环;10 s、40循环;10 s、30循环,分别放入便携式实时荧光PCR仪中反应,在第二反应阶段收集FAM/ROX/Cy5荧光信号,同时以无菌ddH2O为空白对照,根据荧光扩增曲线结果确定最短反应时间,每个反应设置2个平行,并重复实验3次。
为进一步分析建立的双重ERA检测方法的灵敏度,将模板DNA浓度分别稀释为102、101、100、10-1、10-2、10-3 ng/μL,采用已确定的双重ERA反应体系和反应程序进行实验,分析双重ERA检测的灵敏度。实验过程中以无菌ddH2O为空白对照,每次实验2个平行,重复实验3次。
取单菌落加入至10 mL离心管中,37 ℃培养48 h使细菌生长达到稳定期(OD600值约为2.8),作为后续实验用的种子液。将种子液以1%接种量接入BHI培养基,37 ℃培养12 h,梯度稀释后通过平板计数法对生长量进行测算,确定6种细菌在这一培养条件下的生长量。按上述操作重新培养菌液12 h,根据生长量计算,使用无菌水稀释至100 CFU/mL。
称取25 g婴儿配方乳粉作为基质,加入250 mL BHI培养基制成均质液。向均质液中分别添加2.5 mL上述100 CFU/mL的克罗诺杆菌ATCC 29544和大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7 ATCC 43895、蜡样芽孢杆菌ATCC 10876和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 12600、沙门氏菌ATCC 43971和单核增生李斯特氏菌ATCC 13932混合菌液,即每种菌的污染量为1 CFU/mL,37 ℃培养0、2、4、6、8 h后,按1.2方法提取基因组DNA。分析人工污染样品的检出限。实验过程中以无菌ddH2O为空白对照,重复实验3次。
对37份临近保质期的婴儿配方乳粉,按1.10方法取样均质后37 ℃培养12 h,采用1.2的方法提取基因组DNA。分别以中华人民共和国出入境检验检疫行业标准SN/T 1870―2016《出口食品中食源性致病菌检测方法 实时荧光PCR法》[39]规定的大肠埃希氏菌、沙门氏菌、克罗诺杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和单核增生李斯特氏菌实时荧光PCR法,SN/T 3932―2014《出口食品中蜡样芽孢杆菌快速检测方法 实时荧光定量PCR法》[40]规定的蜡样芽孢杆菌实时荧光定量PCR法,以及本研究建立的双重ERA法进行检测,分析建立的双重ERA法的实际检测效果和准确性。实验过程中以无菌ddH2O为空白对照,重复实验3次。
本研究设计了4组克罗诺杆菌引物探针,经过筛选发现引物探针组合K-F/R/P对7种克罗诺杆菌,包括阪崎克罗诺杆菌、莫金斯克罗诺杆菌、丙二酸盐阳性克罗诺杆菌、尤尼沃斯克罗诺杆菌、苏黎世克罗诺杆菌、康帝蒙提克罗诺杆菌、都柏林克罗诺杆菌,以及都柏林克罗诺杆菌的2个亚种:克罗诺杆菌乳粉亚种和都柏林克罗诺杆菌洛桑亚种的扩增效果均较好(图1A),说明可以较好地覆盖克罗诺杆菌属,因此以其作为克罗诺杆菌的ERA检测的引物探针。另外,分析发现重组酶聚合酶扩增技术(recombinase polymerase amplification, RPA)和ERA在原理上有一定的相似性[25],前期经过多组引物探针筛选,确定了可用于ERA检测体系的沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和单核增生李斯特氏菌引物探针[30-31]。本研究进一步经过筛选,对文献[32-38]中6组大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7和1组蜡样芽孢杆菌的RPA引物探针进行ERA检测效果分析。结果显示,rfbE2-F/R/P 引物探针组合对3株大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7的扩增效率均较好(图1C),且对其他大肠埃希氏菌无扩增,说明该引物探针组合适用于ERA检测体系,其他5组RPA引物探针或在ERA检测体系对个别大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7的扩增效率差(图1B),或能检出其他大肠埃希氏菌(图1D、1F、1G),或无扩增(图1E),说明其不适用于ERA检测体系。L-F/R/P引物探针对4株蜡样芽孢杆菌扩增效果均较好(图1H),说明该引物探针组合也适用于ERA检测体系。因此选用K-F/R/P、rfbE2-F/R/P和L-F/R/P分别作为克罗诺杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7和蜡样芽孢杆菌ERA检测的引物探针。
沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和单核增生李斯特氏菌引物探针已经过ERA试验特异性筛选[30-31]。因此,本研究仅对设计的克罗诺杆菌以及上述筛选的大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7和蜡样芽孢杆菌引物探针进行特异性分析。结果如图2所示,K-F/R/P只能扩增代表菌株阪崎克罗诺杆菌ATCC 29544,其他非克罗诺杆菌均未能扩增;O157:H7 rfbE2-F/R/P只能扩增代表菌株大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7 ATCC 43895,对其他大肠埃希氏菌和非大肠埃希氏菌均未能扩增;L-F/R/P只能扩增出代表菌株蜡样芽孢杆菌ATCC 10876,对其他非蜡样芽孢杆菌均未能扩增,说明筛选的这3组引物探针特异性良好。
对筛选出的6种目标菌株的特异性引物探针进行两两组合,共构建15种不同的引物探针组合体系,采用双重ERA检测进行体系分析,结果如图3所示。当克罗诺杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌(图3A)或与沙门氏菌(图3B)组合时,存在交叉反应,只能检出一种菌;与大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7或单核增生李斯特氏菌组合的扩增效果较好(结果未呈现)。当蜡样芽孢杆菌与大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7 (图3C)虽然能同时检出2种菌,但二者的荧光值较低;当蜡样芽孢杆菌与单核增生李斯特氏菌(图3D)组合时,单核增生李斯特氏菌的荧光值较低。蜡样芽孢杆菌与沙门氏菌组合二者均未能扩增(图3E)。金黄色葡萄球菌仅与蜡样芽孢杆菌或沙门氏菌组合时能扩增,与其他组合均不能扩增(结果未呈现)。综合双重ERA组合扩增结果,最终确定克罗诺杆菌与大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7 (图3F)、蜡样芽孢杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌(图3G)、沙门氏菌与单核增生李斯特氏菌(图3H)这种组合方式能够同时保证6种菌的扩增效果均较好,无交叉反应,因此以这种组合方式作为6种菌的双重ERA检测体系。
为提高扩增效率,进一步对上述建立的双重ERA反应体系进行优化,结果如图4所示,在克罗诺杆菌和大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7双重ERA反应体系中,每种菌上、下游引物的最佳用量为1.5 μL (图4A),每种菌探针的最佳用量为0.4 μL (图4B);蜡样芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌双重ERA反应体系中每种菌上、下游引物的最佳用量为1 μL (图4D)、每种菌探针的最佳用量为0.4 μL (图4E);在肠沙门氏菌和单核增生李斯特氏菌双重ERA反应体系中,每种菌上、下游引物的最佳用量为2 μL (图4G)、每种菌探针的最佳用量为0.8 μL (图4H);3组双重ERA反应体系中,激活剂的最佳用量均是2 μL (图4C、4F、4I)。
为建立双重ERA快速检测程序,对原始反应程序进行优化,结果如图5所示,对应的检测时间分别为28 min 10 s (图5A、5E、5I)、27 min 30 s (图5B、5F、5J)、16 min 10 s (图5C、5G、5K)、15 min 10 s (图5D、5H、5L),结果显示,当检测程序缩短到15 min 10 s时,蜡样芽孢杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌双重ERA体系对蜡样芽孢杆菌检测的重复性差(图5H),沙门氏菌与单核增生李斯特氏菌双重ERA体系对两种菌检测的两个平行重复只能检出1次(图5L),说明该程序不再适合进行6种菌双重ERA检测的程序。当检测程序缩短到16 min 10 s时,双重ERA检测对6种菌均具有良好的扩增效率,可以满足检测需求,因此确定同时满足6种菌双重ERA的最短反应时间为16 min 10 s (39 ℃ 1 s;39 ℃ 10 s,40个循环),相较于原始反应程序的32 min 10 s (39 ℃ 1 s;39 ℃ 14 s,60个循环),可以节省16 min。
为分析建立的双重ERA快速检测程序的灵敏度,对模板DNA浓度梯度稀释,检测结果详见图6,克罗诺杆菌和大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7 (图6A)、蜡样芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌(图6B) 2种双重ERA快速检测方法对DNA检测的灵敏度均为1 ng/μL;沙门氏菌和单核增生李斯特氏菌(图6C)对DNA的检测灵敏度为10-1 ng/μL,方法灵敏度较好。
使用本研究建立的双重ERA快速检测方法对人工污染的配方乳粉样品进行检测,结果详见表3,人工模拟污染的配方乳粉样品可在前增菌6 h后在一个反应同时检出终浓度为1 CFU/mL的2种致病菌,检出限可以满足检测需求。
分别采用SN/T 1870―2016和SN/T 3932―2014的实时荧光PCR法和本研究建立的双重ERA快速检测方法对37份临近保质期的市售配方乳粉样品进行检测,37份样品中有14份检出蜡样芽孢杆菌,检出率为37.84%;有8份检出单核增生李斯特氏菌,检出率为21.62%。本研究检测结果与实时荧光PCR的检测结果一致,证明建立的双重ERA快速检测方法扩增15 min与实时荧光PCR扩增约90 min的结果等效,可实现乳粉中6种致病菌的多重快速检测。
为了提高ERA反应通量和检测效率,本研究针对配方乳粉中6种易污染的食源性致病菌建立了双重ERA检测方法,并总结了建立多重检测方法的关键点。
双重ERA技术需在同一反应体系中加入2对引物探针,这些引物探针需要分别结合在模板DNA的特定区域,并确保能同时扩增出2个靶标核酸片段。因此,引物探针必须经过严格的设计和实验筛选,以确保其具有较高的特异性,避免引物间的非特异性结合及引物二聚体的形成;同时还需保证荧光值和出峰时间,以确保后续双重反应的扩增效率。
由于不同菌株间可能存在交叉反应,在进行双重反应时,需确保不同靶标在一个反应体系中的兼容性,避免相互干扰和抑制,本研究通过两两组合分析扩增效果,确定了最优的双重组合。
反应体系需包含适量的引物、探针、模板DNA和激活剂等组分。因此,需通过实验对这些组分的浓度和比例进行优化,以确保每个目标序列都能得到均衡的扩增。此外,为提高扩增效率,可在反应体系中添加适量的DMSO或甘油等辅助剂。因为DMSO能与DNA双链结合,使其解旋,增加扩增反应的特异性[41];而甘油作为低温保护剂,能延长扩增试剂的稳定时间[42]
反应体系的优化还包括温度条件、荧光采集时间和循环数的设置等。因ERA的最适反应温度一般为37 ℃,本研究主要对反应时间和循环数进行了优化。过长的反应时间和过多的循环数可能导致非特异性扩增增加,而过少则可能无法获得足够的扩增产物。通过以上四点优化,可提高检测的灵敏度、重现性和准确性。
理论上,建立三重、四重或更多重的检测方法能进一步提高检测通量,但难度也会相应提升。一方面,需要配备具有更多荧光通道的检测仪,另一方面,可能会降低扩增效率。这是因为反应体系中加入更多引物探针,会增加引物间的非特异性结合和二聚体的形成;多靶标在同一反应体系中的相互干扰和抑制也会增加;扩增的偏好性还可能导致某些DNA片段或模板被优先扩增,而其他片段的扩增较少或无扩增。本研究在建立双重ERA检测体系时发现,克罗诺杆菌和大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7、蜡样芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌2种组合的灵敏度相较于沙门氏菌和单核增生李斯特氏菌组合低。这除了是自身引物探针的扩增效率存在差异外,很有可能是因为检测体系中多个引物探针、多个靶标之间出现交叉抑制或扩增的偏好性所致。这一方面可通过增加前增菌时间以提高检出率,另一方面,也可进一步筛选更优的引物探针组合以提高检测的灵敏度,减少在实际应用中的影响。
本研究通过引物探针筛选、特异性分析、双重组合的确定,建立了配方乳粉中克罗诺杆菌-大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7、蜡样芽孢杆菌-金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌-单核增生李斯特氏菌3组双重ERA检测方法。通过对反应体系、扩增程序的优化,将检测时间缩短到20 min左右。对克罗诺杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7、蜡样芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌纯培养物的检出限为1 ng/μL,对沙门氏菌、单核增生李斯特氏菌纯培养物的检出限为10-1 ng/μL,前增菌6 h,样品中致病菌检出限可达1 CFU/mL。本研究建立的配方乳粉中食源性致病菌双重ERA方法,通过不同的荧光信号同时检测多种靶点,操作简单、时效性强、灵敏度高,为有效预防食源性疾病的发生提供了一定的技术保障。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1100900)
  • 陕西省市场监督管理局科技计划(2023KY06)
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2025年第65卷第3期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240573
  • 接收时间:2024-09-18
  • 首发时间:2026-02-10
  • 出版时间:2025-03-04
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-18
  • 录用日期:2024-11-18
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National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1100900)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1100900)
Science and Technology Plan of Shanxi Administration for Market Regulation(2023KY06)
陕西省市场监督管理局科技计划(2023KY06)
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    1 中国计量大学 生命科学学院,浙江省生物计量及检验检疫技术重点实验室,浙江 杭州
    2 中国检验检疫科学研究院,北京
    3 国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(食品质量与安全),北京

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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