Article(id=1228017373739942709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1228017371202388759, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240664, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1729958400000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1734537600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-12-19, onlineDate=1770711757359, onlineDateStr=2026-02-10, pubDate=1741017600000, pubDateStr=2025-03-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770711757359, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770711757359, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770711757359, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228017371202388759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='3', pageStart='871', pageEnd='1336', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770711756754, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770719134572, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228048316089434941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1228017371202388759, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228048316093629246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1228017371202388759, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1053, endPage=1069, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228017376038421358, articleId=1228017373739942709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Whole genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of Streptomyces sp. YH02 isolated from the soil sediment in Yuncheng Salt Lake, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To elucidate the phylogenetic position and mine the gene resources for synthesis of secondary metabolites from Streptomyces sp. YH02, a Gram-positive actinomycete strain isolated from the soil sediment of Yuncheng Salt Lake in Shanxi. [Methods] Illumina and PacBio platforms were used for whole genome sequencing of YH02, which was followed by gene prediction, functional annotation, prediction of secondary metabolite synthetic gene clusters (BGCs), comparative genomic analysis, and morphological, physiological, and biochemical characterization. [Results] The YH02 genome was a linear chromosome spanning 8 285 116 bp, with the G+C content of 71.77% and 7 237 open reading frames. Gene annotations in the GO, COG, KEGG, and CAZy identified 2 829, 5 478, 4 805, and 279 genes, respectively. The subcellular localization analysis predicted various secretion system-related proteins and 1 030 transporters. Additionally, 32 secondary metabolite BGCs were predicted in strain YH02, involving the synthesis of various natural products such as terpenoids, non-ribosomal peptides, polyketides, and ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides. The comparative genomic analysis revealed 15 739 pan-genome orthologous gene clusters and 4 267 core genome orthologous gene clusters. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed a proximate phylogenetic affiliation between strain YH02 and Streptomycesvenezuelae ATCC 10712 as well as Streptomyceszaomyceticus NBC 00278. However, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) value was below the threshold of 95.00%, and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value was less than 70.00%. YH02 exhibited light pink aerial mycelia on the ISP 2 medium. It showed significant differences in tolerance to pH, sodium chloride, and growth temperature compared with its closely related strains. Additionally, this strain demonstrated weak starch hydrolysis activity, positive gelatin liquefaction, positive nitrate reduction, and slow milk coagulation. [Conclusion] Based on the findings from genomic, physiological, and biochemical analyses, strain YH02 is confirmed as a potential new species of Streptomyces. This study not only enriches the microbial resource pool but also provides a theoretical basis and potential genetic resources for mining the natural products with unique mechanisms of action.

, correspAuthors=Jin LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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【目的】 链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.) YH02是从山西运城盐湖土壤沉积物中分离的一株革兰氏阳性放线菌。解析菌株YH02的全基因组序列信息,探究其在种属进化关系中的位置,深入挖掘其次级代谢产物基因资源。 【方法】 利用Illumina和PacBio平台相结合的测序技术对菌株YH02进行全基因组测序,并进行基因预测、功能注释、次级代谢产物合成基因簇预测、比较基因组学分析以及形态和生理生化测定。 【结果】 菌株YH02基因组为一条线性染色体,全长8 285 116 bp,G+C含量为71.77%,编码7 237个开放阅读框;在GO、COG、KEGG、CAZy数据库中分别注释到2 829、5 478、4 805、279个基因;蛋白亚细胞定位分析预测到多种分泌系统相关蛋白和1 030个转运蛋白;同时预测到菌株YH02中存在32个次级代谢产物合成基因簇,涉及萜烯类、非核糖体肽类、聚酮类、核糖体合成和翻译后修饰肽类等多种天然产物的合成。比较基因组学分析揭示了15 739个泛基因组直系同源基因簇和4 267个核心基因组直系同源基因簇。基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育树分析显示,菌株YH02与委内瑞拉链霉菌(Streptomycesvenezuelae) ATCC 10712、沙阿霉素链霉菌(Streptomyceszaomyceticus) NBC 00278亲缘关系较近,但平均核苷酸一致性(average nucleotide identity, ANI)分析小于95.00%,数字DNA-DNA杂交(digital DNA-DNA hybridization, dDDH)值小于70.00%。形态学和生理生化特性分析表明,菌株YH02在ISP 2培养基上的气生菌丝体呈现浅粉色,其对pH值、氯化钠耐受量和生长温度的耐受性与近缘菌株存在差异,且在淀粉水解能力上表现出较弱的活性,同时具有明胶液化、硝酸盐还原阳性、牛奶凝固缓慢的特性。 【结论】 基于基因组学和生理生化特性的分析结果,菌株YH02被确认为链霉菌属潜在新种。本研究不仅丰富了微生物物种资源库,而且为探索具有独特作用机制的天然产物提供了理论基础和潜在的遗传资源。

, correspAuthors=刘缙, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=cxrak4uOM7HTaF3KWEaVSw==, magXml=wGed4BIniYR017+3EXiDhw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=VzmZeJncAHZIxQu+7VKqKg==, pdfFileSize=4559781, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=K2kXuEBqRxoN7U+TkhxPiQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=mLZ7xDaR+aONR4E6rHS4vg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

作者贡献声明

李珍华:研究构思和设计,论文撰写和修改;王佳欣:数据收集和处理;张琳婕:协助实验操作;孙宇佳:数据收集和处理;田蓉:协助实验操作;杨瑾:提供技术支持;刘缙:研究构思和设计,参与论文讨论。

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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2011, 77(15): 5110-5122., articleTitle=Common ancestry and novel genetic traits of Francisella novicida-like isolates from North America and Australia as revealed by comparative genomic analyses, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1228088882810515939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, awardId=20210302124526, language=EN, fundingSource=Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province (Free Exploration)(20210302124526), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228088882953122282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, awardId=20210302124526, language=CN, fundingSource=山西省基础研究计划(自由探索类)(20210302124526), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228088883066368498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, awardId=202203021212176, language=EN, fundingSource=Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province (Free Exploration)(202203021212176), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228088883271889397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, awardId=202203021212176, language=CN, fundingSource=山西省基础研究计划(自由探索类)(202203021212176), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228088883389329916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, awardId=2021L472, language=EN, fundingSource=Science and Technology Innovation Project of Higher Education Institutions of Shanxi Province(2021L472), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228088883481604608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, awardId=2021L472, language=CN, fundingSource=山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2021L472), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228088886702830087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, awardId=YQ-2020027, language=EN, fundingSource=Doctoral Scientific Research Program of Yuncheng University(YQ-2020027), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228088886795104780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, awardId=YQ-2020027, language=CN, fundingSource=运城学院博士科研启动项目(YQ-2020027), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1228088873327195133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228088873339778047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, companyId=1228088873327195133, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Life Sciences Department, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, Shanxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228088873348166656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, companyId=1228088873327195133, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=运城学院 生命科学系,山西 运城)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1228088878314221873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Circular maps of the complete genome of strain YH02. 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AA: Auxiliary activities; CBM: Carbohydrate-binding modules; CE: Carbohydrate esterases; GH: Glycoside hydrolases; GT: Glycosyl transferases; PL: Polysaccharide lyases., figureFileSmall=hBUwj8HhvhqaXlG0Y9SX+Q==, figureFileBig=9x9g7Sq/B0jJ91OJ/hZbCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088880763695487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, language=CN, label=图5, caption=菌株YH02中碳水化合物酶分布图, figureFileSmall=hBUwj8HhvhqaXlG0Y9SX+Q==, figureFileBig=9x9g7Sq/B0jJ91OJ/hZbCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088880897913219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Functional classification diagram of transport proteins., figureFileSmall=QmqKaE9cKZDbkH8wViGVyQ==, figureFileBig=FzZDPAAv1ca/CuUIWSk2Rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088881006965132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, language=CN, label=图6, caption=菌株YH02中转运蛋白功能分类图, figureFileSmall=QmqKaE9cKZDbkH8wViGVyQ==, figureFileBig=FzZDPAAv1ca/CuUIWSk2Rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088881145377171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=The neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain YH02 was constructed with closely related type species. Allostreptomycespsammosienae YIM DR4008T was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values of above 50% are shown at the branch points. Bar: 0.01 substitutions per nucleotide position., figureFileSmall=oibP9gOlIL3uXBF1vw8XdA==, figureFileBig=znjq84amScilJc08RtGPfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088881258623384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, language=CN, label=图7, caption=基于16S rRNA基因序列构建的邻接法系统发育树, figureFileSmall=oibP9gOlIL3uXBF1vw8XdA==, figureFileBig=znjq84amScilJc08RtGPfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088881371869596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain YH02 was constructed with closely related type species. Allostreptomycespsammosienae YIM DR4008T was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values of above 50% are shown at the branch points. Bar: 0.01 substitutions per nucleotide position., figureFileSmall=fCGE0sAnaSIfNl9izqDxCA==, figureFileBig=DJHix1Bm/ycwZoz7gmCg5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088881485115813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, language=CN, label=图8, caption=基于16S rRNA基因序列构建的最大似然法系统发育树, figureFileSmall=fCGE0sAnaSIfNl9izqDxCA==, figureFileBig=DJHix1Bm/ycwZoz7gmCg5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088881640305064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Venn diagram of Pan-genome homology. 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The gene clusters for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in the genome of strain YH02

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Region numberGene cluster typeStartEndPredicted productSimilarity (%)
1NRPS2112 887Enduracidin14
2Lanthipeptide-class-iv300 441323 174Venezuelin100
3NRPS402 054453 041Herboxidiene2
4Ectoine583 795594 212Ectoine100
5Terpene621 444642 362Geosmin100
6Lanthipeptide-class-ii889 209950 699Primycin5
7NRPS-like953 2891 022 495Leinamycin22
8Indole1 160 1091 183 373Rebeccamycin25
9CDPS2 348 0372 368 751Malacidin5
10Siderophore2 988 2372 998 118Desferrioxamin B100
11NRPS-like4 562 3634 605 498Lankamycin16
12Linaridin5 137 6475 160 275Cypemycin100
13Melanin5 175 4735 183 729Istamycin8
14Butyrolactone5 545 0205 554 900Colabomycin E4
15Other5 657 0245 698 134A-factor100
16LAP5 703 2555 762 595Chlorotonil A15
17T3PKS5 985 8456 026 979Flaviolin50
18Siderophore6 074 5626 086 959Murayaquinone6
19Siderophore6 119 7306 134 556Ficellomycin3
20T1PKS6 279 2716 381 294Rubradirin31
21RiPP-like6 470 0076 480 677--
22Butyrolactone6 596 8256 607 776Coelimycin P18
23T1PKS6 745 2826 808 200Formicamycins A-M18
24T2PKS6 942 2927 014 832Alnumycin/Prealnumycin/Thalnumycin75
25Terpene7 157 9157 183 759Hopene76
26RiPP-like7 235 4667 246 348--
27Melanin7 497 2557 507 633Melanin28
28NRPS7 680 9167 731 629Salinichelins61
29Terpene7 743 5617 764 9382-methylisoborneol100
30NRPS7 770 5737 827 609--
31Lanthipeptide-class-iii7 889 1597 911 817--
32Lassopeptide8 221 1308 285 116Friulimicin15
), ArticleFig(id=1228088881992626623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

菌株YH02基因组中的次级代谢产物生物合成基因簇

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Region numberGene cluster typeStartEndPredicted productSimilarity (%)
1NRPS2112 887Enduracidin14
2Lanthipeptide-class-iv300 441323 174Venezuelin100
3NRPS402 054453 041Herboxidiene2
4Ectoine583 795594 212Ectoine100
5Terpene621 444642 362Geosmin100
6Lanthipeptide-class-ii889 209950 699Primycin5
7NRPS-like953 2891 022 495Leinamycin22
8Indole1 160 1091 183 373Rebeccamycin25
9CDPS2 348 0372 368 751Malacidin5
10Siderophore2 988 2372 998 118Desferrioxamin B100
11NRPS-like4 562 3634 605 498Lankamycin16
12Linaridin5 137 6475 160 275Cypemycin100
13Melanin5 175 4735 183 729Istamycin8
14Butyrolactone5 545 0205 554 900Colabomycin E4
15Other5 657 0245 698 134A-factor100
16LAP5 703 2555 762 595Chlorotonil A15
17T3PKS5 985 8456 026 979Flaviolin50
18Siderophore6 074 5626 086 959Murayaquinone6
19Siderophore6 119 7306 134 556Ficellomycin3
20T1PKS6 279 2716 381 294Rubradirin31
21RiPP-like6 470 0076 480 677--
22Butyrolactone6 596 8256 607 776Coelimycin P18
23T1PKS6 745 2826 808 200Formicamycins A-M18
24T2PKS6 942 2927 014 832Alnumycin/Prealnumycin/Thalnumycin75
25Terpene7 157 9157 183 759Hopene76
26RiPP-like7 235 4667 246 348--
27Melanin7 497 2557 507 633Melanin28
28NRPS7 680 9167 731 629Salinichelins61
29Terpene7 743 5617 764 9382-methylisoborneol100
30NRPS7 770 5737 827 609--
31Lanthipeptide-class-iii7 889 1597 911 817--
32Lassopeptide8 221 1308 285 116Friulimicin15
), ArticleFig(id=1228088882126844358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Average nucleotide identities and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain YH02 and their related species

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Similarity index12345
ANI (%)90.9191.0290.2387.2889.18
dDDH (%)39.8047.9037.2035.0037.20
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菌株YH02与其近缘物种之间的平均核苷酸一致性值和DNA-DNA杂交值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Similarity index12345
ANI (%)90.9191.0290.2387.2889.18
dDDH (%)39.8047.9037.2035.0037.20
), ArticleFig(id=1228088882445611475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Differential characteristics between the strain YH02 and related species of Streptomyces

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Characteristics1#2[36]3[37]4[38]
Spore chainRectiflexibileRectiflexibileRectiflexibileFlexibile/Spiral
Aerial mass color on ISP 2Light pinkYellowish grayWhiteWhite
Diffusion pigment on ISP 2--nd-
pH range for growth6.0-12.06.5-7.56.5-7.5nd
Maximum NaCl tolerance (%)52.5nd6
Temperature range for growth (℃)16-3725-303010-37
Hydrolyze of starchw+++
Gelatin hydrolysis+++w
Nitrate reduction+++-
Milk coagulationwnd+w
), ArticleFig(id=1228088882579829206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017373739942709, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

菌株YH02与近缘物种之间的差异特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Characteristics1#2[36]3[37]4[38]
Spore chainRectiflexibileRectiflexibileRectiflexibileFlexibile/Spiral
Aerial mass color on ISP 2Light pinkYellowish grayWhiteWhite
Diffusion pigment on ISP 2--nd-
pH range for growth6.0-12.06.5-7.56.5-7.5nd
Maximum NaCl tolerance (%)52.5nd6
Temperature range for growth (℃)16-3725-303010-37
Hydrolyze of starchw+++
Gelatin hydrolysis+++w
Nitrate reduction+++-
Milk coagulationwnd+w
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一株分离自运城盐湖土壤沉积物的链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.) YH02全基因组测序和比较基因组特征
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李珍华 , 王佳欣 , 张琳婕 , 孙宇佳 , 田蓉 , 杨瑾 , 刘缙 *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(3): 1053-1069
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(3): 1053-1069
一株分离自运城盐湖土壤沉积物的链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.) YH02全基因组测序和比较基因组特征
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李珍华, 王佳欣, 张琳婕, 孙宇佳, 田蓉, 杨瑾, 刘缙*
作者信息
  • 运城学院 生命科学系,山西 运城
Whole genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of Streptomyces sp. YH02 isolated from the soil sediment in Yuncheng Salt Lake
Zhenhua LI, Jiaxin WANG, Linjie ZHANG, Yujia SUN, Rong TIAN, Jin YANG, Jin LIU*
Affiliations
  • Life Sciences Department, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, Shanxi, China
出版时间: 2025-03-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240664
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【目的】 链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.) YH02是从山西运城盐湖土壤沉积物中分离的一株革兰氏阳性放线菌。解析菌株YH02的全基因组序列信息,探究其在种属进化关系中的位置,深入挖掘其次级代谢产物基因资源。 【方法】 利用Illumina和PacBio平台相结合的测序技术对菌株YH02进行全基因组测序,并进行基因预测、功能注释、次级代谢产物合成基因簇预测、比较基因组学分析以及形态和生理生化测定。 【结果】 菌株YH02基因组为一条线性染色体,全长8 285 116 bp,G+C含量为71.77%,编码7 237个开放阅读框;在GO、COG、KEGG、CAZy数据库中分别注释到2 829、5 478、4 805、279个基因;蛋白亚细胞定位分析预测到多种分泌系统相关蛋白和1 030个转运蛋白;同时预测到菌株YH02中存在32个次级代谢产物合成基因簇,涉及萜烯类、非核糖体肽类、聚酮类、核糖体合成和翻译后修饰肽类等多种天然产物的合成。比较基因组学分析揭示了15 739个泛基因组直系同源基因簇和4 267个核心基因组直系同源基因簇。基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育树分析显示,菌株YH02与委内瑞拉链霉菌(Streptomycesvenezuelae) ATCC 10712、沙阿霉素链霉菌(Streptomyceszaomyceticus) NBC 00278亲缘关系较近,但平均核苷酸一致性(average nucleotide identity, ANI)分析小于95.00%,数字DNA-DNA杂交(digital DNA-DNA hybridization, dDDH)值小于70.00%。形态学和生理生化特性分析表明,菌株YH02在ISP 2培养基上的气生菌丝体呈现浅粉色,其对pH值、氯化钠耐受量和生长温度的耐受性与近缘菌株存在差异,且在淀粉水解能力上表现出较弱的活性,同时具有明胶液化、硝酸盐还原阳性、牛奶凝固缓慢的特性。 【结论】 基于基因组学和生理生化特性的分析结果,菌株YH02被确认为链霉菌属潜在新种。本研究不仅丰富了微生物物种资源库,而且为探索具有独特作用机制的天然产物提供了理论基础和潜在的遗传资源。

链霉菌  /  全基因组测序  /  次级代谢合成基因簇  /  比较基因组

[Objective] To elucidate the phylogenetic position and mine the gene resources for synthesis of secondary metabolites from Streptomyces sp. YH02, a Gram-positive actinomycete strain isolated from the soil sediment of Yuncheng Salt Lake in Shanxi. [Methods] Illumina and PacBio platforms were used for whole genome sequencing of YH02, which was followed by gene prediction, functional annotation, prediction of secondary metabolite synthetic gene clusters (BGCs), comparative genomic analysis, and morphological, physiological, and biochemical characterization. [Results] The YH02 genome was a linear chromosome spanning 8 285 116 bp, with the G+C content of 71.77% and 7 237 open reading frames. Gene annotations in the GO, COG, KEGG, and CAZy identified 2 829, 5 478, 4 805, and 279 genes, respectively. The subcellular localization analysis predicted various secretion system-related proteins and 1 030 transporters. Additionally, 32 secondary metabolite BGCs were predicted in strain YH02, involving the synthesis of various natural products such as terpenoids, non-ribosomal peptides, polyketides, and ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides. The comparative genomic analysis revealed 15 739 pan-genome orthologous gene clusters and 4 267 core genome orthologous gene clusters. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed a proximate phylogenetic affiliation between strain YH02 and Streptomycesvenezuelae ATCC 10712 as well as Streptomyceszaomyceticus NBC 00278. However, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) value was below the threshold of 95.00%, and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value was less than 70.00%. YH02 exhibited light pink aerial mycelia on the ISP 2 medium. It showed significant differences in tolerance to pH, sodium chloride, and growth temperature compared with its closely related strains. Additionally, this strain demonstrated weak starch hydrolysis activity, positive gelatin liquefaction, positive nitrate reduction, and slow milk coagulation. [Conclusion] Based on the findings from genomic, physiological, and biochemical analyses, strain YH02 is confirmed as a potential new species of Streptomyces. This study not only enriches the microbial resource pool but also provides a theoretical basis and potential genetic resources for mining the natural products with unique mechanisms of action.

Streptomyces  /  whole genome sequencing  /  secondary metabolite synthetic gene clusters  /  comparative genomics
李珍华, 王佳欣, 张琳婕, 孙宇佳, 田蓉, 杨瑾, 刘缙. 一株分离自运城盐湖土壤沉积物的链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.) YH02全基因组测序和比较基因组特征. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (3) : 1053 -1069 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240664
Zhenhua LI, Jiaxin WANG, Linjie ZHANG, Yujia SUN, Rong TIAN, Jin YANG, Jin LIU. Whole genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of Streptomyces sp. YH02 isolated from the soil sediment in Yuncheng Salt Lake[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (3) : 1053 -1069 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240664
链霉菌属(Streptomyces)为革兰氏阳性放线菌,广泛分布于土壤、海洋生态系统以及植物组织等多种生态位中[1-3]。此类微生物以其复杂的生命周期和强大的次级代谢能力而著称,在生物合成一系列具有生物活性的次级代谢产物方面展现出显著的能力[4-5]。这些化合物包括抗生素、生物碱和酶类等,在农业、制药以及环境修复等领域发挥着极其重要的作用[6-8]
在后基因组时代,链霉菌的研究已从基因组测序及功能注释的初步阶段,发展到利用全基因组数据进行深入功能研究与应用开发的更为复杂阶段[9-10]。功能基因组学研究借助链霉菌的全基因组信息,能够揭示复杂的次级代谢网络及其调控机制[11]。比较基因组分析鉴定出许多同源基因家族及物种特有的基因簇,这些基因簇通常与特定次级代谢产物的生物合成密切相关[12]。例如,经生物信息学分析,在海洋链霉菌(Streptomycesmaritimus)的基因组中发现一个II型聚酮合酶基因簇,该基因簇负责编码肠球菌素(enterocin)和wailupemycin家族的聚酮类化合物[13]。此外,通过转座子突变和同源重组等遗传操作手段针对特定基因簇进行改造,可以有效地激活或抑制某些次级代谢途径,从而提升目标次级代谢产物的产量[14-15]
本研究从山西运城盐湖土壤沉积物中分离出一株链霉菌YH02,采用第三代测序技术对其进行了全基因组测序、功能基因注释及次级代谢基因簇分析。同时,基于16S rRNA基因序列比对结果,筛选出5株近缘链霉菌模式菌株,分别进行比较基因组分析以及形态、生理生化测定,以此确定菌株YH02的系统发育位置。旨在为探索具有新颖结构、显著生物活性和独特作用机制的天然产物提供理论基础。
链霉菌YH02分离自山西省运城盐湖土壤沉积物。该土壤样本于2024年2月采自运城盐湖(35°01′48.84″N,111°03′00.14″E),并在采集后的4 h内予以处理。运用标准的系列稀释法开展菌株YH02的分离操作[16],采用添加放线菌酮(浓度为50 μg/mL)与萘啶酸(浓度为25 μg/mL)的高氏一号琼脂(杭州百思生物技术有限公司)作为分离培养基。在30 ℃的需氧环境下培养3周后,从其中挑选出1个菌落,并在酵母提取物麦芽提取物琼脂(ISP 2号琼脂培养基[17])上进行纯化处理。菌株YH02的纯培养物于室温条件下存放于ISP 2培养基中,同时以20%甘油作为保护剂,保存于-80 ℃冰箱,以便后续研究与应用。
将菌株YH02接种于ISP 2培养基,28 ℃恒温下培养6 d。随后,转移至胰蛋白胨大豆肉汤[(tryptone soy broth, TSB),杭州微生物试剂有限公司]液体培养基,28 ℃、180 r/min继续培养5 d。发酵结束后,12 000 r/min离心20 min收集菌体,并送往上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司进行从头测序。测序过程采用PacBio的第三代单分子实时(single molecule real-time, SMRT)测序技术与第二代Illumina高通量测序平台相结合的测序技术[18],获得的数据用unicycler v0.4.8软件进行拼接组装获得基因组完全图,采用Circos v0.69.6软件绘制基因组圈图[19]
使用Glimmer、Prodigal v2.6.3和GeneMarkS v4.3软件对组装得到的基因组序列进行编码基因预测。采用Barrnap v0.9软件预测核糖体RNA (rRNA)基因,利用tRNAscan-SE v2.0.12软件预测转移RNA (tRNA)基因。其他非编码RNA (sRNA)通过Infernal v1.1.4软件进行预测,CRISPR元件借助Minced v0.2.0软件预测。基因组岛通过IslandPath-DIMOB v1.0.0软件推测得出,噬菌体由Phigaro v2.3.0软件预测。另外,运用GO (https://geneontology.org/)、eggNOG (http://eggnogdb.embl.de/)、KEGG (https://www.kegg.jp/)以及CAZy (http://www.cazy.org/)数据库,对预测的蛋白质组序列进行功能注释。
通过比对PHI-base数据库(http://www.phi-base.org/)、VFDB数据库(http://www.mgc.ac.cn/VFs/)、CARD数据库(https://card.mcmaster.ca/)以及TCDB数据库(http://www.tcdb.org/),对功能性蛋白质进行注释[20]。跨膜与分泌蛋白分别采用SignalP v4.0和TMHMM v2.0软件进行预测。此外,借助Diamond v0.8.35软件,基于KEGG数据库对菌株YH02的分泌系统蛋白进行预测。
运用antiSMASH v7.0软件对菌株YH02中的次级代谢产物合成基因簇进行深入分析,并预测该菌株潜在的生物合成代谢物[21]
利用EzBioCloud数据库(www.ezbiocloud.net)工具从菌株YH02的基因组中提取16S rRNA基因,并上传至GenBank数据库(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/),登录号为PQ764780。通过EzBioCloud数据库的BLAST搜索来确定最相近的亲缘关系[22]。运用MEGA 11.0软件,分别采用邻接(neighbor-joining, NJ)法和最大似然法(maximum-likelihood, ML)构建系统发育树。使用Kimura双参数模型计算菌株间的进化距离[23]。使用1 000次重复的自举值评估分支节点的置信度。
通过菌株YH02的16S rRNA基因序列比较分析,筛选出与其系统发育关系接近的5个模式菌株,即委内瑞拉链霉菌(Streptomycesvenezuelae) ATCC 10712 (CP029197.1)、沙阿霉素链霉菌(Streptomyceszaomyceticus) NBC 00278 (CP108062.1)、脱叶链霉菌(Streptomycesexfoliatus) NBC_00077 (CP108238.1)、Streptomycesvilmorinianum YP1 (CP040244.1)和加德那氏链霉菌(Streptomycesgardneri) ATCC 15439 (CP059991.1)。从NCBI genome数据库(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/)获取上述菌株的完整基因组序列与菌株YH02的全基因组序列进行比较分析。
采用OrthoMCL软件包v2.0对同源基因进行聚类分析,以确定核心基因组和泛基因组的大小[24]。将所有预测的蛋白质序列合并在一起,并采用BLASTp算法进行比较分析(E值阈值为1E-5,相似性百分比截止值为≥50%)。进一步使用CDHIT软件对相似蛋白质进行快速聚类分析,设定成对相似性阈值为50%,氨基酸长度差异截止值为0.7[25]。构建韦恩(Venn)图以展示样本间的关系。
平均核苷酸一致性(average nucleotide identity, ANI)被视作一种基于基因组的稳健标准,用于确定遗传相关微生物的物种身份[26]。通过EzBioCloud数据库中ANI calculator在线工具(https://www.ezbiocloud.net/tools/ani)计算ANI分数。使用GGDC 3.0在线工具(https://ggdc.dsmz.de/ggdc.php#)中的BLAST+方法,通过计算同一性与HSP长度的比值(即同一性/HSP长度)来确定菌株YH02与模式菌株的数字DNA-DNA杂交(digital DNA-DNA hybridization, dDDH)值[27]
菌株YH02及其近缘菌株在5种不同培养基上生长:酵母提取物麦芽提取物琼脂(ISP 2)、燕麦琼脂(ISP 3)、无机盐淀粉琼脂(ISP 4)、甘油天冬酰胺琼脂(ISP 5)和酪氨酸琼脂(ISP 7) (ISP:国际链霉菌项目[17])。使用Arai等[28]所描述的各种方法确定对各种碳源的利用以及几种生化试验。使用Williams和Cross[29]所描述的标准方法确定硝酸盐还原、明胶液化、淀粉水解、牛奶凝固。在ISP 2琼脂上观察生长温度(4、16、27、37、45和55 °C)、不同pH值(pH 4.0-12.0,间隔为1.0)下的生长情况和氯化钠浓度(质量分数为1%-10%、15%和20%)对生长的影响。
菌株YH02全基因组序列显示,其基因组由一条线性染色体构成,总长度为8 285 116 bp (图1)。G+C含量为71.77%,包含7 237个开放阅读框,累计长度达7 350 447 bp,占基因组总长度的87%,平均每个基因长度约为1 015.68 bp。对基因组进行结构分析后,进一步揭示出21个rRNA基因,其中5S、16S和23S rRNA基因各7个;66个tRNA基因;以及52个sRNA基因。此外,在基因组中还预测存在18个CRISPR阵列、16个基因组岛以及3个前噬菌体。这些特征为进一步解析菌株YH02的遗传背景和生物学特性奠定了基础。将链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.) YH02全基因组序列提交至GenBank数据库,登录号为CP171841。
在菌株YH02基因组中,共有2 829个基因在GO数据库中获得注释。这些基因被划分至3个主要的生物学领域,即生物过程(biological process)、细胞组分(cellular component)和分子功能(molecular function) (图2)。在细胞组分中,共鉴定出10个功能基因类别,其中与细胞膜和细胞质相关的基因占据较为显著的比例。在分子功能中,鉴定出10个基因类别,参与DNA结合和ATP结合的基因占较大比例。在生物过程中,鉴定出10个基因类别,其中相当多的基因参与了转录调控、蛋白质水解和翻译等过程。
与eggNOG数据库比较分析显示,菌株YH02基因组中共有5 478个基因被注释,并归入24个功能类别中(图3)。转录相关的基因最为丰富,共有799个,占注释基因的14.59%。此外,大量基因参与一般功能预测(R)、碳水化合物的转运与代谢(G)、氨基酸的转运与代谢(E)以及信号传导机制(T),分别占11.39%、10.04%、9.16%和7.59%。在生物代谢大类中,涉及能量产生与转换(C) (1.50%)、氨基酸的转运与代谢(E) (9.16%)、核苷酸的转运与代谢(F) (2.52%)、碳水化合物的转运与代谢(G) (10.04%)、异构酶的转运与代谢(H) (7.01%)、脂质的转运与代谢(I) (6.59%)、无机离子的转运与代谢(P) (4.80%)以及次级代谢产物的生物合成与代谢(Q) (3.45%)的基因占所有功能基因的48.92%。这一结果表明,菌株YH02在生物代谢方面具有显著的能力。
在KEGG数据库中,对菌株YH02的基因组进行注释,共鉴定出4 805个基因(图4)。这些基因参与了121条不同的代谢途径,并被细分为6个主要代谢类别,即代谢、环境信息处理、细胞过程、遗传信息处理、有机系统以及人类疾病。具体来说,这些基因在各个代谢类别中的分布如下:代谢(12个亚类)、环境信息处理(3个亚类)、细胞过程(4个亚类)、遗传信息处理(5个亚类)、有机系统(8个亚类)以及人类疾病(12个亚类)。在这些代谢功能中,与代谢过程相关的基因占据显著地位,共有1 618个基因参与了广泛的代谢活动。特别值得注意的是,碳水化合物代谢途径包含477个基因,氨基酸代谢途径包含433个基因,辅酶和维生素代谢途径包含313个基因,能量代谢途径包含228个基因,而脂质代谢途径涉及200个基因。这些基因组注释结果揭示了菌株YH02在代谢能力方面的巨大潜力。
通过CAZy数据库对菌株YH02进行注释分析,共鉴定出279个碳水化合物活性蛋白序列,并将其归类为六大功能类别,分别是糖苷水解酶(glycoside hydrolases, GHs)、糖基转移酶(glycosyltransferases, GTs)、多糖裂解酶(polysaccharide lyases, PLs)、碳水化合物酯酶(carbohydrate esterases, CEs)、辅助活性(auxiliary activities, AAs)以及碳水化合物结合模块(carbohydrate-binding modules, CBMs)。在这些类别中,糖苷水解酶的数量最为丰富,共有106个序列,在其中占据最大比例;其次是糖基转移酶,占比为22.9%。相比之下,碳水化合物结合模块的数量最少,仅占注释总数的1.4% (图5)。这些数据表明,菌株YH02在碳水化合物的代谢过程中具有多样化的酶类,为其在复杂碳水化合物的降解和转化中提供了潜在的生物学功能及应用价值。
利用生物信息学工具SignalP和TMHMM进行亚细胞定位预测,共鉴定出1 620个具有跨膜螺旋的蛋白质和233个分泌蛋白。将菌株YH02的蛋白质组与CARD、PHI-base和VFDB数据库进行比较分析,共鉴定出467个与抗生素抗性相关的蛋白质。此外,还发现了1 169个与病原体-宿主互作相关的蛋白质和619个毒力因子。这些蛋白质和毒力因子在盐湖生境中可能具有非致病性的独特作用。它们可能参与分解盐湖周边的特殊有机物质以获取营养,而非侵染宿主。在应对盐湖的高盐、高碱等极端环境压力时,这些因子可能参与细胞内的渗透压调节和抗氧化防御机制,保障菌株的存活。同时,它们可能在与盐湖生态系统中的其他微生物竞争中发挥抑制作用,有助于维持微生物群落的平衡[30]
细菌的分泌系统是一组复杂的跨膜蛋白质机器,负责将蛋白质和其他分子从细胞内部转运到细胞外环境。根据最新的研究进展,这些系统被分类为6种主要类型,即I型至VI型[31]。利用基于KEGG数据库的Diamond软件进行分析,预测到菌株YH02中存在2个IV型分泌系统相关蛋白VirD4,这2个蛋白可能直接参与效应蛋白或DNA的识别和传递,并将其转运至分泌通道[32-33]。此外,还鉴定出12个Sec-SRP蛋白质,这些蛋白质参与将蛋白质从细胞质转移到细胞外空间或周质空间,以及3个Tat蛋白质,这些Tat蛋白质通过双精氨酸信号肽促进蛋白质在未折叠状态下穿过细胞膜[34]。这些发现为理解菌株YH02的分泌机制提供了新的见解,并可能有助于揭示其在环境适应性方面的作用。
将菌株YH02的全部蛋白质序列与TCDB数据库比对后,共鉴定出1 030个转运蛋白(图6)。这些蛋白质被归类为7个不同的类别:原发性主动转运体、电化学势驱动的转运体、未完全表征的转运系统、通道/孔隙、参与转运的辅助因子、群体转运体和跨膜电子载体。其中,原发性主动转运体数量最为丰富,由465个成员构成了最大的群体;而跨膜电子载体类别的代表性最低,比例为0.68%。这一全面的注释有助于更深入地理解菌株的转运机制,对于阐明其生理特性和适应能力至关重要。
运用Antismash v7.0软件对菌株YH02的基因组进行预测分析,共鉴定出32个与次级代谢产物生物合成相关的基因簇(表1)。这些基因簇涵盖了多种功能类别,具体包括6个非核糖体肽合成酶(non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, NRPS)基因簇、4个聚酮合成酶(polyketide synthases, PKS)基因簇、3个萜烯(terpene)类化合物基因簇、3个铁载体(siderophore)类基因簇、3个羊毛硫肽(lanthipeptide)类基因簇、2个核糖体合成和翻译后修饰肽(ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides, RiPP)基因簇、2个丁内酯(butyrolactone)基因簇、2个黑色素(melanin)基因簇以及1个与四氢嘧啶(ectoine)合成相关的基因簇。其余6个被预测为线性唑类化合物(linear azole-containing peptides, LAP)、吲哚(indole)、亚麻硫肽(linaridin)、环二肽合酶(cyclodipeptide synthases, CDPS)、套索肽(lassopeptide)和其他未分类的合成基因簇。特别地,基因簇2、4、5、10、12、15和29分别与委内瑞拉霉素(venezuelin)、依克多因(ectoine)、土臭素(geosmin)、去铁胺素(desferrioxamin) B、环肽菌素(cypemycin)、A因子(A-factor)和2-甲基异冰片(2-methylisoborneol)的生物合成密切相关,其相似性均为100%,占菌株YH02总基因簇的21.88%。相比之下,基因簇17、24、25和28分别与黄素(flaviolin)、alnumycin/prealnumycin/thalnumycin、禾烯(hopene)、盐生菌素(salinichelins)的生物合成基因簇具有高度相似性,相似度介于50%-76%,这表明菌株YH02具有合成抗炎、抗菌、抗肿瘤和抗病毒活性等多种生物活性物质的潜力。此外,还有17个基因簇与已知化合物的生物合成基因簇相似性较低(低于31%),如耐久霉素(enduracidin)、herboxidiene、primycin、亮菌素(leinamycin)、瑞贝卡霉素(rebeccamycin)、malacidin、兰卡霉素(lankamycin)、istamycin、colabomycin E、chlorotonil A、murayaquinone、ficellomycin、红菌素(rubradirin)、coelimycin P1、甲酰霉素A-M (formicamycins A-M)、黑色素(melanin)和弗鲁利霉素(friulimicin)等。
通过对菌株YH02的16S rRNA基因序列(1 523 nt)进行BLAST分析发现,其与5个链霉菌属模式菌株的16S rRNA基因序列具有高度相似性,即S. venezuelae ATCC 10712 (99.93%)、S. zaomyceticus NBRC 13348 (99.93%)、S. exfoliatus NRRL B-2924 (99.86%)、S. vilmorinianum YP1 (99.8%)和S. gardneri NBRC 12865 (99.65%)。基于16S rRNA基因序列构建的系统发育树显示,菌株YH02与S. venezuelae ATCC 10712聚类于同一节点,且与S. zaomyceticus NBRC 13348的亲缘关系较近。这一亲缘关系在采用邻接(NJ)法和最大似然(ML)法构建的系统发育树中均得到一致体现(图7图8)。
利用16S rRNA基因序列比对结果,选择与菌株YH02序列相似度较高的链霉菌属模式菌株进行全基因组比较。选定的菌株包括S. venezuelae ATCC 10712、S. zaomyceticus NBC 00278、S. exfoliatus NBC_00077、S. vilmorinianum YP1和S. gardneri ATCC 15439。通过泛基因组分析,共鉴定出15 739个直系同源基因簇(图9)。这些基因簇进一步被划分为核心基因组,包含4 267个在所有菌株中普遍存在的同源基因簇(占27.12%),附属基因组,包含3 836个在部分菌株中发现的同源基因簇(占24.37%),以及7 636个菌株特异性的同源基因簇(占48.51%)。泛基因组的大小是这6株菌株平均基因组大小的1.97倍,其中核心基因组占平均菌株基因组大小的57%。
为了对菌株YH02进行更精确地分类,基于全基因组比对计算了6株菌株基因组之间的平均核苷酸一致性(ANI)值和DNA-DNA杂交(dDDH)值(表2)。结果显示,菌株YH02与S. venezuelae ATCC 10712之间的ANI值为90.91%,dDDH值为39.80%,与S. zaomyceticus NBC的ANI值为91.02%,dDDH值为47.90%,与其他所有模式菌株之间的ANI值均低于95.00%,dDDH值均小于70.00%,这一结果表明菌株YH02可能是链霉菌属(Streptomyces)中的一个潜在新种[35]
基于16S rRNA基因序列比对以及ANI和dDDH计算结果,选取S. venezuelae ATCC 10712、S. zaomyceticus NBC 00278、S. exfoliatus NBC_00077与菌株YH02进行形态和生理生化特性比较,结果见表3。菌株YH02在ISP 2培养基上的气生菌丝体颜色为浅粉色,与其他类型菌株不同。菌株YH02最大耐受pH值可达12.0,其最大氯化钠耐受量以及生长温度也与3个近缘菌株存在差异。在淀粉水解方面,菌株YH02仅能微弱水解,而其余菌株均能有效水解淀粉。此外,菌株YH02具有明胶液化、硝酸盐还原阳性、牛奶凝固缓慢的特性。基于此,菌株YH02被确认为链霉菌属(Streptomyces)潜在新种。
链霉菌属(Streptomyces)物种在多样的生态环境中展现出卓越的适应能力,使其能在极端条件下如高温、高盐和低氧环境中生长繁殖[39]。这种生态适应性使得链霉菌属成为研究新化合物的重要资源,尤其是在深海、沙漠、冰原和火山地带等特殊生境中[40]。菌株YH02是我们课题组从山西运城盐湖土壤沉积物中分离得到的一株链霉菌。大多数常用抗生素来源于链霉菌,但传统的实验和鉴定方法在全面分析链霉菌的作用机制方面存在局限[41]。因此,深入研究菌株YH02的基因组序列具有重要意义。通过全基因组测序和生物信息学分析,获得了菌株YH02的完整基因组序列,其基因组大小为8 285 116 bp,编码7 237个基因。利用GO、COG和KEGG等数据库进行比对,完成了YH02基因组注释和数据整理。分析结果显示,菌株YH02的基因功能主要集中在生物代谢过程,尤其是次级代谢产物的合成和调控上。此外,通过CAZy数据库的注释分析,在菌株YH02中鉴定出多种与碳水化合物代谢相关的酶,其中数量最多的是糖苷水解酶和糖基转移酶,这些酶在复杂碳水化合物的降解和次级代谢产物的生产中可能发挥关键作用[42-44]。转运蛋白分析揭示了YH02基因组中存在1 030种不同类型的转运蛋白,这些蛋白参与能量转换和物质转运过程,并与其在特定生境中的适应性和代谢能力紧密相关[45]
运用Antismash v7.0软件进行预测分析,共鉴定出32个次级代谢产物生物合成基因簇,表明菌株 YH02具有合成多种具有不同结构和功能的次级代谢产物的能力[46]。非核糖体肽合成酶(NRPS)和聚酮合酶(PKS)基因簇的存在表明菌株YH02有潜力产生结构复杂的非核糖体肽和聚酮化合物,在制药领域具有广阔的应用前景。例如,与NRPS基因簇相关的非核糖体肽是一类具有强大抗菌性能的抗生素[47]。此外,PKS基因簇与具有抗肿瘤和抗真菌活性的聚酮化合物的生物合成相关[48]。萜烯和铁载体基因簇的存在意味着菌株YH02可能能够合成具有免疫调节和抗菌特性的化合物[49-50]。羊毛硫肽生物合成基因簇的存在进一步强调了菌株YH02在合成具有新型结构和生物活性的次级代谢产物方面的潜力[51]。值得注意的是,与已知化合物如委内瑞拉霉素、依克多因和土臭素等具有高相似性的基因簇,在抗氧化、抗菌和抗病毒能力方面表现出显著的生物活性;这表明YH02可能有能力产生这些已知的生物活性物质,为进一步的药物开发和应用奠定了基础[52]
比较基因组学分析揭示了菌株YH02的独特基因组特征,表明其在链霉菌属中的特有系统发育位置;在泛基因组分析预测的15 739个直系同源基因簇中,核心基因组的比例为27.12%,这不仅突显了链霉菌属基本生物学功能的保守性,也反映了种间遗传异质性的存在[53]。构建的系统发育树以及ANI和dDDH值的计算进一步明确YH02与其他链霉菌属参考菌株之间的亲缘关系,尽管YH02与S. venezuelae ATCC 10712和S. zaomyceticus NBC 00278表现出较近的亲缘关系,但其ANI值低于95%的阈值,dDDH值也低于70%,提示YH02可能具有新的分类地位[35]。这种分类上的差异,暗示YH02在适应特定环境压力的过程中可能经历了独特的进化历程[54]
  • 山西省基础研究计划(自由探索类)(20210302124526)
  • 山西省基础研究计划(自由探索类)(202203021212176)
  • 山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2021L472)
  • 运城学院博士科研启动项目(YQ-2020027)
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240664
  • 接收时间:2024-10-27
  • 首发时间:2026-02-10
  • 出版时间:2025-03-04
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-27
  • 录用日期:2024-12-19
基金
Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province (Free Exploration)(20210302124526)
山西省基础研究计划(自由探索类)(20210302124526)
Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province (Free Exploration)(202203021212176)
山西省基础研究计划(自由探索类)(202203021212176)
Science and Technology Innovation Project of Higher Education Institutions of Shanxi Province(2021L472)
山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2021L472)
Doctoral Scientific Research Program of Yuncheng University(YQ-2020027)
运城学院博士科研启动项目(YQ-2020027)
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    运城学院 生命科学系,山西 运城

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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