Article(id=1228017372938826033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1228017371202388759, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240627, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1728748800000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1734364800000, acceptedDateStr=2024-12-17, onlineDate=1770711757167, onlineDateStr=2026-02-10, pubDate=1741017600000, pubDateStr=2025-03-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770711757167, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770711757167, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770711757167, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228017371202388759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='3', pageStart='871', pageEnd='1336', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770711756754, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770719134572, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228048316089434941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1228017371202388759, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228048316093629246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1228017371202388759, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1283, endPage=1300, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228017373840601408, articleId=1228017372938826033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Genomic characteristics of mumps virus genotype G in Dalian, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] Mumps virus (MuV) is the causative agent of mumps. Nowadays, genotype F is widely prevalent in China, while genotype G appears in localized areas and is exhibiting a trend of gradual expansion. To understand the genetic characteristics of genotype G strains in China, we selected two genotype G MuV strains that were isolated from Dalian, Liaoning for analysis. [Methods] The whole genomes of the two strains were sequenced, and the genotypes were determined according to the WHO reference strains. Furthermore, we compared the molecular characteristics among different genotypes and within genotype G. By comparison with the sequences of genotype G strains in other areas of China, we analyzed the features of genotype G MuVs in China, as well as the genetic distance and variations of key antigenic sites between the wild-type genotype G strains and the existing vaccine strains. [Results] The strains isolated in this study both belonged to genotype G, and they showed the nucleotide differences ranging from 4.2% to 6.9% from other 12 genotypes, with the greatest divergence from genotype A. Among the protein coding genes, the SH coding gene exhibited the largest variation, while the NP, M, and L coding genes were conserved. The P, F and HN coding genes demonstrated significant differences among different genotypes. The genotype G strains isolated in this study were closely related to the strain isolated in Jiangsu Province (Jiangsu.CHN/22.13/2), while they were distinct from the strains previously isolated in Liaoning Province. The genotype G strains isolated in this study lacked a N-glycosylation site (aa 12-14) but gained a N-glycosylation site (aa 464-466) in the key epitope of HN protein. In addition, the genotype G strains showed considerable differences in terms of neutralizing epitopes from the genotype A vaccine strain. These differences suggested that the mutations of these sites may potentially reduce the cross-protection effects of vaccine strains against wild-type MuV strains. Although there were some mutations in F protein, the functional region was conserved. [Conclusion] This study details the genotypic characteristics of genotype G MuVs in Dalian, highlighting their high similarities to the genotype G strains in China and the WHO reference strains, while underscoring significant differences from the genotype A vaccine strain used worldwide. These findings suggest the necessity of continuous surveillance of MuV strains in China and further studies of their epidemiology and virology, which could provide references for tracing MuVs, cutting the transmission route, and developing immunization strategies in China.

, correspAuthors=Lifei SONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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#These authors contributed equally to this work.

, authorsList=Ying QIAN, Shujun JING, Guojun ZHENG, Yang YANG, Xiaojie GONG, Zhongyu LI, Yue LI, Fanhong MENG, Lifei SONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1228017376092942699, articleId=1228017372938826033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=大连地区腮腺炎病毒G基因型全基因组特征, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】 腮腺炎病毒(mumps virus, MuV)是引起流行性腮腺炎的病原体,目前国内广泛流行的为F基因型,局部地区出现G基因型,且存在逐渐扩大趋势。为了解国内G基因型MuV全基因组的基因特征,本研究选择辽宁大连地区分离到的2株腮腺炎G基因型毒株进行分析。 【方法】 对2株腮腺炎毒株进行全基因组测序,依据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)各基因型参考毒株序列确认毒株型别,同时开展分子生物学分析,对腮腺炎各基因型别间及G基因型内差异进行比较;结合我国其他地区G基因型毒株的基因组序列信息,分析我国G基因型MuV的全基因组特点及其与现有疫苗株的遗传距离及关键抗原位点变异情况。 【结果】 本研究分离毒株为G基因型,与已划分的12个基因型间核苷酸差异为4.2%-6.9%,与A基因型差异最大;蛋白编码基因中,SH基因变异最大,NP、M和L基因相对保守,P基因、F基因、HN基因型间差异较大。本研究分离的G基因型毒株与GenBank数据库国内分离株江苏省毒株(Jiangsu.CHN/22.13/2)亲缘关系最近,与同为辽宁地区分离株存在差异。在关键抗原表位中,本研究分离的G基因型毒株与疫苗株相比在HN蛋白少了aa 12-14位N-糖基化位点,但多了aa 464-466位N-糖基化位点,在中和表位中,G基因型毒株与A基因型疫苗株差异较大,提示这些氨基酸位点的变异很可能会潜在地降低腮腺炎疫苗株对MuV野毒株的交叉保护作用,而F蛋白虽然有氨基酸差异,但功能区域较为保守。 【结论】 本研究详细分析了大连地区G基因型毒株的基因型别特征,与国内G基因型毒株及参考毒株整体较为相似,存在部分差异位点,但与全球范围内使用的疫苗株(A基因型)差异较大。本研究提示未来需持续开展国内腮腺炎病例监控,对流行病学和病毒学特征进行分析,为国内腮腺炎病毒溯源、传播途径及免疫策略制定提供方向。

, correspAuthors=宋俐霏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=bIipeVTZ6V9iWb6qB9VUEw==, magXml=sm4SVXDqUgmktXRPNaM53g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Ih10xBSIjz6qxITnKZuj7g==, pdfFileSize=4125098, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=/u0bUBHAyJteuF+buWunRg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=PVELz2g6LpO8zneM4JC/Dw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

作者贡献声明

钱盈:实验设计、数据分析及文章撰写;景淑军:病例搜集及数据分析;郑国君:病毒分离及滴定;杨扬:毒株测序;弓晓杰:研究调研和文章修改;李中玉:研究调研和文章修改;李悦:病例搜集及数据分析;孟凡红:动物免疫及数据分析;宋俐霏:研究指导及文章审阅。

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Viruses, 2022, 14(6): 1335., articleTitle=Exploring the mumps virus glycoproteins: a review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228088883074761270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=90, issue=null, pageStart=2973, pageEnd=2981, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=18, authorNames=CHAMBERS P, RIMA BK, DUPREX WP, journalName=Journal of General Virology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHAMBERS P, RIMA BK, DUPREX WP. Molecular differences between two Jeryl Lynn mumps virus vaccine component strains, JL5 and JL2[J]. 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Morbidity and mortality of epidemic parotitis in China from 2004 to 2018[J]. Guangxi Medical Journal, 2022, 44(17): 2017-2025 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228088883531940431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=28, issue=5, pageStart=506, pageEnd=510, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=22, authorNames=王艳, 马艳, 韩悦, 郭军巧, journalName=病毒学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王艳, 马艳, 韩悦, 郭军巧. 辽宁省2008—2011年流行性腮腺炎野病毒SH蛋白基因特征分析[J]. 病毒学报, 2012, 28(5): 506-510., articleTitle=辽宁省2008—2011年流行性腮腺炎野病毒SH蛋白基因特征分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228088886765748820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=28, issue=5, pageStart=506, pageEnd=510, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=23, authorNames=WANG Y, MA Y, HAN Y, GUO JQ, journalName=Chinese Journal of Virology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y, MA Y, HAN Y, GUO JQ. SH protein genetic characterization analysis of wild-type mumps virus isolated in Liaoning Province from 2008 to 2011[J]. Chinese Journal of Virology, 2012, 28(5): 506-510 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1228088879169864103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, awardId=2022JH1/10400012, language=EN, fundingSource=Liaoning Province’s Science and Technology Plan “Jie Bang Gua Shuai” (Special Foundation for Science and Technology Research)(2022JH1/10400012), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228088879278916017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, awardId=2022JH1/10400012, language=CN, fundingSource=辽宁省科学技术计划-揭榜挂帅(科技攻关专项)(2022JH1/10400012), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1228088869598462853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228088869606851462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, companyId=1228088869598462853, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Sinovac (Dalian) Vaccine Technology Co. , Ltd. , Dalian, Liaoning, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228088869615240071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, companyId=1228088869598462853, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 科兴(大连)疫苗技术有限公司,辽宁 大连)]), AuthorCompany(id=1228088869715903376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228088869724291988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, companyId=1228088869715903376, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Group, Dalian, Liaoning, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228088869732680596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, companyId=1228088869715903376, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 大连市妇女儿童医疗中心(集团),辽宁 大连)]), AuthorCompany(id=1228088869803983774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228088869812372385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, companyId=1228088869803983774, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, Liaoning, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228088869816566689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, companyId=1228088869803983774, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 大连民族大学,辽宁 大连)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1228088876699418894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Phylogenetic trees of MuV genotypes. A-C: Phylogenetic trees of MuV genotypes based on the SH gene (A), the HN gene (B) and the whole genome (C); The bootstrap value of the phylogenetic tree is marked at the node position to evaluate the credibility of the branch, generally, a value greater than 70 is considered credible; The distance scale is located below the tree which represents the unit length of differences between sequences., figureFileSmall=sytq9tnrSF/PtHvyxa5/VA==, figureFileBig=SoS0RdBmG0iZ+6Kcvncx1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088876825248022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, language=CN, label=图1, caption=MuVs各基因型系统发育树构建。A-C:MuVs毒株分别基于SH基因(A)、HN基因(B)和全基因组(C)构建的系统发育树;发育树分支自展值标注在节点位置,用于评估该分支的可信度,一般大于70被认为可信;距离标尺位于发育树下方,代表序列间差异的单位长度。, figureFileSmall=sytq9tnrSF/PtHvyxa5/VA==, figureFileBig=SoS0RdBmG0iZ+6Kcvncx1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088876980437280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Phylogenetic tree of the ETYY-LZH strain and genotype G strains from different regions of China based on SH gene. Only one strain per region with identical SH sequences was included., figureFileSmall=DsHjLL7tgxSMJBJ2Eqkg9g==, figureFileBig=MrGAmtTZtf9TFa3m03cSHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088877093683497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, language=CN, label=图2, caption=ETYY-LZH株与我国不同地区G基因型毒株基于SH基因的系统发育树构建。同地区SH序列相同仅保留1个毒株进行构建。, figureFileSmall=DsHjLL7tgxSMJBJ2Eqkg9g==, figureFileBig=MrGAmtTZtf9TFa3m03cSHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088877198541107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Structural analysis of the HN protein of ETYY-LZH strain. A: Structural prediction of HN protein. The HN protein structure of ETYY-LZH strain was predicted by SWISS-MODEL (SM) and AlphaFold3 (AF3), and the reference model was Hoshino strain (PDB:5b2d, sequence identity was 97.1%), and RMSD of Cα were 0.114 Å and 0.292 Å, respectively. B: Structural prediction of HN protein complexed with 3′-SL. The purple area is the 3′-SL binding epitope, specifically aa 180, 407, 422, 512, 540, 561, 204, 242, 254, 323, 369, 476, where Sia is sialic acid, Gal is galactose, and Glc is N-acetylglucose. C: B cell epitopes distribution of HN protein. The red areas are B cell epitopes, which are aa 113-130 (not shown in the structure), aa 199-207, aa 220-240 (inside the structure), aa 261-266, aa 327-363, aa 375-403, aa 440-443, and aa 533[9]., figureFileSmall=/RFf+nSt5GOVh4//mXhNeQ==, figureFileBig=5btoOkyYjpR48A04yde5+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088877357924666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, language=CN, label=图3, caption=ETYY-LZHHN蛋白结构分析。A:HN蛋白的结构预测。ETYY-LZH株的HN蛋白结构采用SWISS-MODEL (SM)和AlphaFold3 (AF3)进行预测,参考毒株为Hoshino株(PDB:5b2d,序列相似性为97.1%),预测结构与参考毒株Cα的RMSD分别为0.114 Å和0.292 Å。B:HN蛋白与3′-SL的复合物结构预测。图中紫色区域为SWISS-MODEL预测结构识别3′-SL的结合表位,具体为aa 180、407、422、512、540、561、204、242、254、323、369、476,其中Sia为唾液酸、Gal为半乳糖、Glc为N-乙酰葡萄糖。C:HN蛋白的B细胞表位分布。图中红色区域为B细胞表位,分别为aa 113-130 (结构中未展示)、aa 199-207、aa 220-240 (结构内部)、aa 261-266、aa 327-363、aa 375-403、aa 440-443、aa 533[9], figureFileSmall=/RFf+nSt5GOVh4//mXhNeQ==, figureFileBig=5btoOkyYjpR48A04yde5+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228088877483753795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sequence of primers used in RT-PCR amplification and sequencing analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Name ofprimersPrimer sequences (5′→3′)Name ofprimersPrimer sequences (5′→3′)
1FACCAAGGGGAAAATGAAGATGG (LZH strain)/ACCAAGGGGAAAATGAAGAT (HCQ strain)17FATAGTGAATGCAGCAGGAGG
1RGTAGCATCGATCCAGGAATT17RATCTGTTAACTCACCTGTCT
2FCGCCAATCTTACTGCCAATG18FGATTACTCAATTCCATCCAC
2RTGTGCCGACTCCCATAGCAT18RGCCCCAAAGTCTCATAATGC
3FTCACTAAGCTCCGATCCTTG19FATGGTGATCCTGTTGTAGAC
3RTCCTGTTGAGAATCACCATT19RAGCTCTTTAATGGGATCGAA
4FCAATTCAAGCACAACTCTTC20FGCAAGACTGGATGGGAGTAT
4RGAAAAGGGGCTCAGGAATCT20RCCGACATAGAGAGTGCTTCG
5FAGAGCAAAAGAACATTCAGT21FCTGCTTTCTAACAACTGACC
5RCTGTCGCCATCATTCCTTCA21RAATCTTTCTCGACCCCGTTC
6FGCGAACGAGATTATGGACCT22FTGGACACCACTTGAAAGAAC
6RGAATCTGAATCGGGGGGCTT22RTTCCTCAGCTGCATTTTCAC
7FTAAGAGCCGCAATGATTCCC23FTGGCAGCTGATCCTTATACT
7RAATCTAGATCGTGCAGCAAG23RAGATCCGATGTAAGGCACTC
8FGCTCCGATAAATATGTCAAG24FGGTGTTTGATAATTGGGTCA
8RAGGAAATTATCATAGGTTGC24RGAAGGGTACAGGAAGCAACG
9FGGCTCAGACTATGCATCACT25FGGCCTTGCTTTAATTGAGAC
9RGCTTGAACTAATGAGACAGC25RTGGAGAATTGATTGGGGCTA
10FTCTTCCAATCGCAGAAAACA26FCCAAGGAATTCTAGACTATG
10RCCTGTCTGGCAATTGAATTA26RCTCGAATAGCATTAAGCAAC
11FATGGAGGGTCAGATTGTTTC27FACCCATCTAATCCAAACTGT
11RCACAGATTGGAGTTGATGGT27RCGGGCAAGAAAGTCTCTATA
12FACGCTGAGAACCTTACCATT28FCATCATGTTCTCAGACCACT
12RCATGATTGAACGGCATTATT28RTCAAGATTAGTAAGCCACCT
13FTATAAGACTGCGGTGCGACA29FATACATGTGCATTGGTCCAT
13RAGGTCATTAACTAAGGGGAT29RAGATCCAACCATTTTCTTGT
14FGTGGGAGTAATGAATCAAGT30FACTTATCCCACCTGAATTAG
14RCAAAATATATCCCACTCCCC30RGGTTTAATGCAGACTTCAGA
15FACTATGCGGGGTCCAGTCCA31FACTGTAAGGAACTGGTGTAT
15RGGAGTTAATGGCCAGGGATC31RACCAAGGGGAGAAAGTAAAAAT (LZH strain)/ACCAAGGGGAGAAAGTAAAA (HCQ strain)
16FACATTTACAAACTCTGGTCC
16RAATTCTGATTTGCTAGTGGG
), ArticleFig(id=1228088877576028487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

RT-PCR扩增测序引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Name ofprimersPrimer sequences (5′→3′)Name ofprimersPrimer sequences (5′→3′)
1FACCAAGGGGAAAATGAAGATGG (LZH strain)/ACCAAGGGGAAAATGAAGAT (HCQ strain)17FATAGTGAATGCAGCAGGAGG
1RGTAGCATCGATCCAGGAATT17RATCTGTTAACTCACCTGTCT
2FCGCCAATCTTACTGCCAATG18FGATTACTCAATTCCATCCAC
2RTGTGCCGACTCCCATAGCAT18RGCCCCAAAGTCTCATAATGC
3FTCACTAAGCTCCGATCCTTG19FATGGTGATCCTGTTGTAGAC
3RTCCTGTTGAGAATCACCATT19RAGCTCTTTAATGGGATCGAA
4FCAATTCAAGCACAACTCTTC20FGCAAGACTGGATGGGAGTAT
4RGAAAAGGGGCTCAGGAATCT20RCCGACATAGAGAGTGCTTCG
5FAGAGCAAAAGAACATTCAGT21FCTGCTTTCTAACAACTGACC
5RCTGTCGCCATCATTCCTTCA21RAATCTTTCTCGACCCCGTTC
6FGCGAACGAGATTATGGACCT22FTGGACACCACTTGAAAGAAC
6RGAATCTGAATCGGGGGGCTT22RTTCCTCAGCTGCATTTTCAC
7FTAAGAGCCGCAATGATTCCC23FTGGCAGCTGATCCTTATACT
7RAATCTAGATCGTGCAGCAAG23RAGATCCGATGTAAGGCACTC
8FGCTCCGATAAATATGTCAAG24FGGTGTTTGATAATTGGGTCA
8RAGGAAATTATCATAGGTTGC24RGAAGGGTACAGGAAGCAACG
9FGGCTCAGACTATGCATCACT25FGGCCTTGCTTTAATTGAGAC
9RGCTTGAACTAATGAGACAGC25RTGGAGAATTGATTGGGGCTA
10FTCTTCCAATCGCAGAAAACA26FCCAAGGAATTCTAGACTATG
10RCCTGTCTGGCAATTGAATTA26RCTCGAATAGCATTAAGCAAC
11FATGGAGGGTCAGATTGTTTC27FACCCATCTAATCCAAACTGT
11RCACAGATTGGAGTTGATGGT27RCGGGCAAGAAAGTCTCTATA
12FACGCTGAGAACCTTACCATT28FCATCATGTTCTCAGACCACT
12RCATGATTGAACGGCATTATT28RTCAAGATTAGTAAGCCACCT
13FTATAAGACTGCGGTGCGACA29FATACATGTGCATTGGTCCAT
13RAGGTCATTAACTAAGGGGAT29RAGATCCAACCATTTTCTTGT
14FGTGGGAGTAATGAATCAAGT30FACTTATCCCACCTGAATTAG
14RCAAAATATATCCCACTCCCC30RGGTTTAATGCAGACTTCAGA
15FACTATGCGGGGTCCAGTCCA31FACTGTAAGGAACTGGTGTAT
15RGGAGTTAATGGCCAGGGATC31RACCAAGGGGAGAAAGTAAAAAT (LZH strain)/ACCAAGGGGAGAAAGTAAAA (HCQ strain)
16FACATTTACAAACTCTGGTCC
16RAATTCTGATTTGCTAGTGGG
), ArticleFig(id=1228088877689274698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sequence differences between ETYY-LZH and ETYY-HCQ strains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NumberNucleotide position (nt)Residue positionETYY-LZHETYY-HCQ
BaseAmino acidBaseAmino acid
11 994P-CDSALys (K)CGln (Q)
23 800M-CDSTVal (V)C/TVal (V)
33 937M-CDSAAsn (N)A/TAsn/Ile (N/I)
45 555F-CDSAGlu (E)A/GGlu/Gly (E/G)
55 893F-CDSGAla (A)TSer (S)
66 650HN-CDSGAla (A)AThr (T)
76 691HN-CDSGLys (K)A/GLys (K)
86 694HN-CDSGLys (K)A/GLys (K)
96 835HN-CDSGLys (K)A/GLys (K)
106 840HN-CDSGArg (R)A/GLys/Arg (K/R)
1110 504L-CDSCPhe (F)GLeu (L)
1211 579L-CDSGGlu (E)A/GLys/Glu (K/E)
1314 789L-CDSAThr (T)CPro (P)
), ArticleFig(id=1228088877785743697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

ETYY-LZH株和ETYY-HCQ株序列差异

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NumberNucleotide position (nt)Residue positionETYY-LZHETYY-HCQ
BaseAmino acidBaseAmino acid
11 994P-CDSALys (K)CGln (Q)
23 800M-CDSTVal (V)C/TVal (V)
33 937M-CDSAAsn (N)A/TAsn/Ile (N/I)
45 555F-CDSAGlu (E)A/GGlu/Gly (E/G)
55 893F-CDSGAla (A)TSer (S)
66 650HN-CDSGAla (A)AThr (T)
76 691HN-CDSGLys (K)A/GLys (K)
86 694HN-CDSGLys (K)A/GLys (K)
96 835HN-CDSGLys (K)A/GLys (K)
106 840HN-CDSGArg (R)A/GLys/Arg (K/R)
1110 504L-CDSCPhe (F)GLeu (L)
1211 579L-CDSGGlu (E)A/GLys/Glu (K/E)
1314 789L-CDSAThr (T)CPro (P)
), ArticleFig(id=1228088877886407000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Differences of nucleotides and amino acids between the ETYY-LZH strain and other MuV genotypes in the whole genome and coding regions of the expressed proteins (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainGenBank numberGenotypeGenomeNPPMFSHHNL
ntaantaantaantaantaantaantaa
Jeryl-Lynn, JL5*#AF338106.1A6.95.61.66.95.96.30.86.85.816.114.07.95.25.71.1
Enders*GU980052.1A6.34.91.36.35.16.00.86.05.015.514.06.74.65.41.1
S79major#HQ416906.1A6.85.31.86.95.96.30.86.75.616.114.07.75.25.71.1
Urabe AM-9*#AB000388.2B4.44.71.63.82.84.60.54.84.19.815.84.52.93.60.6
Hoshino#MK279727.1B4.34.31.54.03.14.50.04.73.58.012.34.52.93.50.8
9218/Zg98*EU370206.3C5.15.10.73.74.35.91.14.63.912.115.85.33.44.30.8
Ge9*KF878076.1D4.74.50.24.54.64.80.54.84.110.914.05.12.43.80.7
SD9*KF042304.1F5.15.10.74.63.65.10.54.93.512.617.55.12.44.30.7
ZJ06-1*KF170917.1F5.05.30.54.03.64.80.34.93.79.812.35.02.44.10.5
UK96*AF280799.1G1.61.60.01.41.01.60.02.12.26.37.01.30.71.10.1
Sheffield.GBR*ON148331.1G1.21.10.01.41.50.80.01.61.35.75.31.10.50.80.1
MNG09-024*AB600843.1H5.34.20.24.94.95.20.55.54.113.221.16.54.04.40.6
Odate1*KF878078.1I4.74.30.54.03.35.20.35.33.79.88.84.72.94.00.7
Dg1062*AY309060.1I4.93.90.54.41.05.10.35.64.510.910.54.72.24.21.8
Leeds.GBR*KF878079.1J5.04.30.24.73.85.20.35.84.313.815.85.33.14.10.6
RW145*KF878080.1K4.54.50.53.93.84.70.54.43.310.38.84.52.93.80.4
Fukuoka49*KF878081.1L4.94.50.54.53.35.20.35.83.211.514.05.12.73.90.8
L3/Russia/Vector*#AY508995.1N4.24.20.23.63.34.20.85.03.99.88.84.42.23.50.7
L-Zagreb*#AY685920.1N4.24.30.43.65.94.20.85.13.99.88.84.42.23.50.7
Mean of differences--4.74.30.74.33.84.70.54.93.911.212.65.02.93.90.7
), ArticleFig(id=1228088877987070300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

ETYY-LZH株与MuV其他基因型在全基因组及表达蛋白编码区的核苷酸和氨基酸差异

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainGenBank numberGenotypeGenomeNPPMFSHHNL
ntaantaantaantaantaantaantaa
Jeryl-Lynn, JL5*#AF338106.1A6.95.61.66.95.96.30.86.85.816.114.07.95.25.71.1
Enders*GU980052.1A6.34.91.36.35.16.00.86.05.015.514.06.74.65.41.1
S79major#HQ416906.1A6.85.31.86.95.96.30.86.75.616.114.07.75.25.71.1
Urabe AM-9*#AB000388.2B4.44.71.63.82.84.60.54.84.19.815.84.52.93.60.6
Hoshino#MK279727.1B4.34.31.54.03.14.50.04.73.58.012.34.52.93.50.8
9218/Zg98*EU370206.3C5.15.10.73.74.35.91.14.63.912.115.85.33.44.30.8
Ge9*KF878076.1D4.74.50.24.54.64.80.54.84.110.914.05.12.43.80.7
SD9*KF042304.1F5.15.10.74.63.65.10.54.93.512.617.55.12.44.30.7
ZJ06-1*KF170917.1F5.05.30.54.03.64.80.34.93.79.812.35.02.44.10.5
UK96*AF280799.1G1.61.60.01.41.01.60.02.12.26.37.01.30.71.10.1
Sheffield.GBR*ON148331.1G1.21.10.01.41.50.80.01.61.35.75.31.10.50.80.1
MNG09-024*AB600843.1H5.34.20.24.94.95.20.55.54.113.221.16.54.04.40.6
Odate1*KF878078.1I4.74.30.54.03.35.20.35.33.79.88.84.72.94.00.7
Dg1062*AY309060.1I4.93.90.54.41.05.10.35.64.510.910.54.72.24.21.8
Leeds.GBR*KF878079.1J5.04.30.24.73.85.20.35.84.313.815.85.33.14.10.6
RW145*KF878080.1K4.54.50.53.93.84.70.54.43.310.38.84.52.93.80.4
Fukuoka49*KF878081.1L4.94.50.54.53.35.20.35.83.211.514.05.12.73.90.8
L3/Russia/Vector*#AY508995.1N4.24.20.23.63.34.20.85.03.99.88.84.42.23.50.7
L-Zagreb*#AY685920.1N4.24.30.43.65.94.20.85.13.99.88.84.42.23.50.7
Mean of differences--4.74.30.74.33.84.70.54.93.911.212.65.02.93.90.7
), ArticleFig(id=1228088878091927909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Genetic distances of genotype G MuVs based on the SH gene from different regions of China

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NumberRegion/ReferenceStrainaETYY-LZHWHO-AF280799.1-MuVi-UK96WHO-ON148331.1-MuVi-Sheffield.GBRYunnan-OR822027.1Shannxi-KX987639.1Shannxi-KX987643.1Liaoning-KX987644.1Fujian-KX987645.1Fujian-KX987647.1Jiangsu-KX987648.1
1Liaoning Dalian (this study)ETYY-LZH, ETYY-HCQ----------
2WHO reference strainAF280799.1-MuVi-UK960.053 8---------
3WHO reference strainON148331.1-MuVi-Sheffield.GBR0.053 80.025 3--------
4YunnanOR822027.1, OR822028.1, OR822029.1, OR822030.10.075 90.028 50.047 5-------
5ShannxiKX987639.1, KX987640.1, KX987641.1, KX987642.10.069 60.022 20.041 10.019 0------
6ShannxiKX987643.10.066 50.025 30.044 30.022 20.003 2-----
7LiaoningKX987644.10.034 80.031 60.025 30.047 50.041 10.038 0----
8FujianKX987645.1, KX987646.10.038 00.034 80.028 50.050 60.044 30.041 10.009 5---
9FujianKX987647.10.041 10.038 00.031 60.053 80.047 50.044 30.012 70.003 2--
10JiangsuKX987648.10.000 00.053 80.053 80.075 90.069 60.066 50.034 80.038 00.041 1-
), ArticleFig(id=1228088878180008300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

我国不同地区腮腺炎G基因型基于SH基因的遗传距离

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NumberRegion/ReferenceStrainaETYY-LZHWHO-AF280799.1-MuVi-UK96WHO-ON148331.1-MuVi-Sheffield.GBRYunnan-OR822027.1Shannxi-KX987639.1Shannxi-KX987643.1Liaoning-KX987644.1Fujian-KX987645.1Fujian-KX987647.1Jiangsu-KX987648.1
1Liaoning Dalian (this study)ETYY-LZH, ETYY-HCQ----------
2WHO reference strainAF280799.1-MuVi-UK960.053 8---------
3WHO reference strainON148331.1-MuVi-Sheffield.GBR0.053 80.025 3--------
4YunnanOR822027.1, OR822028.1, OR822029.1, OR822030.10.075 90.028 50.047 5-------
5ShannxiKX987639.1, KX987640.1, KX987641.1, KX987642.10.069 60.022 20.041 10.019 0------
6ShannxiKX987643.10.066 50.025 30.044 30.022 20.003 2-----
7LiaoningKX987644.10.034 80.031 60.025 30.047 50.041 10.038 0----
8FujianKX987645.1, KX987646.10.038 00.034 80.028 50.050 60.044 30.041 10.009 5---
9FujianKX987647.10.041 10.038 00.031 60.053 80.047 50.044 30.012 70.003 2--
10JiangsuKX987648.10.000 00.053 80.053 80.075 90.069 60.066 50.034 80.038 00.041 1-
), ArticleFig(id=1228088878318420337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Differences in HN protein between ETYY-LZH, ETYY-HCQ and vaccine strains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainN-glycosylation sitea (aa)Neutralizing epitope (aa)
12-14127-129284-286329-331400-402448-450464-466507-509279287288336354356
ETYY-LZHSATNCSNDTNSTNQTNSGNCSNSSTVTSQD
ETYY-HCQSTTNCSNDTNSTNQTNSGNCSNSSTVTSQD
UK96*NATNCSNDTNSTNQTNSGNCSNSSTVTSQD
Sheffield.GBR*SATNCSNDTNSTNQTNSGNCSNSSTVTSQD
Yunnan.CHNSATNCSNDTNSTNQTNSGNCSNSSTVTSQD
Jeryl-Lynn,JL5*#NATNCSNDTNSTNQTNYSHCSNSSIITLQE
Jeryl-Lynn,JL2#NATNCSNDTNSTNQTNSGKCSNSSTIKSPE
S79major#NATNCSNDTNSTNQTNYSHCSNSSIITLQE
S79minor#NATNCSNDTNSTNQTNSGKCSNSSTIKSPE
SP-A#NATNCSNDTNSTNQTNSGSCSNSSTVTSQD
), ArticleFig(id=1228088878431666552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

ETYY-LZH株和ETYY-HCQ株与疫苗株HN蛋白差异位点

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainN-glycosylation sitea (aa)Neutralizing epitope (aa)
12-14127-129284-286329-331400-402448-450464-466507-509279287288336354356
ETYY-LZHSATNCSNDTNSTNQTNSGNCSNSSTVTSQD
ETYY-HCQSTTNCSNDTNSTNQTNSGNCSNSSTVTSQD
UK96*NATNCSNDTNSTNQTNSGNCSNSSTVTSQD
Sheffield.GBR*SATNCSNDTNSTNQTNSGNCSNSSTVTSQD
Yunnan.CHNSATNCSNDTNSTNQTNSGNCSNSSTVTSQD
Jeryl-Lynn,JL5*#NATNCSNDTNSTNQTNYSHCSNSSIITLQE
Jeryl-Lynn,JL2#NATNCSNDTNSTNQTNSGKCSNSSTIKSPE
S79major#NATNCSNDTNSTNQTNYSHCSNSSIITLQE
S79minor#NATNCSNDTNSTNQTNSGKCSNSSTIKSPE
SP-A#NATNCSNDTNSTNQTNSGSCSNSSTVTSQD
), ArticleFig(id=1228088878532329859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Differences in F protein between ETYY-LZH, ETYY-HCQ and vaccine strains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainN-glycosylation site (aa)Neutralizing epitope (aa)
73-75182-184352-354427-429433-435457-459221323373
ETYY-LZHNKTNMSNISNITNLTNASIND
ETYY-HCQNKTNMSNISNITNLTNASIND
UK96*NNTNMSNISNITNLTNASIND
Sheffield.GBR*NKTNMSNISNITNLTNASIND
Yunnan.CHNNKTNMSNISNITNLTNASIND
Jeryl-Lynn,JL5*#NKTNMSNISNITNLTNASIND
Jeryl-Lynn,JL2#NKTNMSNISNITNLTNASIND
S79major#NKTNMSNISNITNLTNASIND
S79minor#NKTNMSNISNITNLTNASIND
SP-A#NKTNMSNISNITNLTNASIND
), ArticleFig(id=1228088878632993156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

ETYY-LZH株和ETYY-HCQ株与疫苗株F蛋白差异位点

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainN-glycosylation site (aa)Neutralizing epitope (aa)
73-75182-184352-354427-429433-435457-459221323373
ETYY-LZHNKTNMSNISNITNLTNASIND
ETYY-HCQNKTNMSNISNITNLTNASIND
UK96*NNTNMSNISNITNLTNASIND
Sheffield.GBR*NKTNMSNISNITNLTNASIND
Yunnan.CHNNKTNMSNISNITNLTNASIND
Jeryl-Lynn,JL5*#NKTNMSNISNITNLTNASIND
Jeryl-Lynn,JL2#NKTNMSNISNITNLTNASIND
S79major#NKTNMSNISNITNLTNASIND
S79minor#NKTNMSNISNITNLTNASIND
SP-A#NKTNMSNISNITNLTNASIND
), ArticleFig(id=1228088878763016588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Serum cross-neutralization results of vaccine strain against clinical isolates

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupBefore immunizationAfter immunization
Mouse numberGenotype AGenotype GGenotype FMouse numberGenotype AGenotype GGenotype F
PBS group1<21<2
22
33
44
55
66
77
88
99
1010
S79 group1<211078989
222147489
332954579
442954064
551788989
661484050
772564574
882954064
99214100100
1010891616
--GMT1945165
), ArticleFig(id=1228088878863679891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1228017372938826033, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

疫苗株对临床分离株的血清交叉中和结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupBefore immunizationAfter immunization
Mouse numberGenotype AGenotype GGenotype FMouse numberGenotype AGenotype GGenotype F
PBS group1<21<2
22
33
44
55
66
77
88
99
1010
S79 group1<211078989
222147489
332954579
442954064
551788989
661484050
772564574
882954064
99214100100
1010891616
--GMT1945165
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大连地区腮腺炎病毒G基因型全基因组特征
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钱盈 1 , 景淑军 2 , 郑国君 1 , 杨扬 1 , 弓晓杰 3 , 李中玉 3 , 李悦 2 , 孟凡红 1 , 宋俐霏 1, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(3): 1283-1300
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(3): 1283-1300
大连地区腮腺炎病毒G基因型全基因组特征
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钱盈1, 景淑军2, 郑国君1, 杨扬1, 弓晓杰3, 李中玉3, 李悦2, 孟凡红1, 宋俐霏1, *
作者信息
  • 1 科兴(大连)疫苗技术有限公司,辽宁 大连
  • 2 大连市妇女儿童医疗中心(集团),辽宁 大连
  • 3 大连民族大学,辽宁 大连
Genomic characteristics of mumps virus genotype G in Dalian
Ying QIAN1, Shujun JING2, Guojun ZHENG1, Yang YANG1, Xiaojie GONG3, Zhongyu LI3, Yue LI2, Fanhong MENG1, Lifei SONG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Sinovac (Dalian) Vaccine Technology Co. , Ltd. , Dalian, Liaoning, China
  • 2 Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Group, Dalian, Liaoning, China
  • 3 Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
出版时间: 2025-03-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240627
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【目的】 腮腺炎病毒(mumps virus, MuV)是引起流行性腮腺炎的病原体,目前国内广泛流行的为F基因型,局部地区出现G基因型,且存在逐渐扩大趋势。为了解国内G基因型MuV全基因组的基因特征,本研究选择辽宁大连地区分离到的2株腮腺炎G基因型毒株进行分析。 【方法】 对2株腮腺炎毒株进行全基因组测序,依据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)各基因型参考毒株序列确认毒株型别,同时开展分子生物学分析,对腮腺炎各基因型别间及G基因型内差异进行比较;结合我国其他地区G基因型毒株的基因组序列信息,分析我国G基因型MuV的全基因组特点及其与现有疫苗株的遗传距离及关键抗原位点变异情况。 【结果】 本研究分离毒株为G基因型,与已划分的12个基因型间核苷酸差异为4.2%-6.9%,与A基因型差异最大;蛋白编码基因中,SH基因变异最大,NP、M和L基因相对保守,P基因、F基因、HN基因型间差异较大。本研究分离的G基因型毒株与GenBank数据库国内分离株江苏省毒株(Jiangsu.CHN/22.13/2)亲缘关系最近,与同为辽宁地区分离株存在差异。在关键抗原表位中,本研究分离的G基因型毒株与疫苗株相比在HN蛋白少了aa 12-14位N-糖基化位点,但多了aa 464-466位N-糖基化位点,在中和表位中,G基因型毒株与A基因型疫苗株差异较大,提示这些氨基酸位点的变异很可能会潜在地降低腮腺炎疫苗株对MuV野毒株的交叉保护作用,而F蛋白虽然有氨基酸差异,但功能区域较为保守。 【结论】 本研究详细分析了大连地区G基因型毒株的基因型别特征,与国内G基因型毒株及参考毒株整体较为相似,存在部分差异位点,但与全球范围内使用的疫苗株(A基因型)差异较大。本研究提示未来需持续开展国内腮腺炎病例监控,对流行病学和病毒学特征进行分析,为国内腮腺炎病毒溯源、传播途径及免疫策略制定提供方向。

腮腺炎病毒  /  G基因型  /  全基因组  /  基因特征

[Objective] Mumps virus (MuV) is the causative agent of mumps. Nowadays, genotype F is widely prevalent in China, while genotype G appears in localized areas and is exhibiting a trend of gradual expansion. To understand the genetic characteristics of genotype G strains in China, we selected two genotype G MuV strains that were isolated from Dalian, Liaoning for analysis. [Methods] The whole genomes of the two strains were sequenced, and the genotypes were determined according to the WHO reference strains. Furthermore, we compared the molecular characteristics among different genotypes and within genotype G. By comparison with the sequences of genotype G strains in other areas of China, we analyzed the features of genotype G MuVs in China, as well as the genetic distance and variations of key antigenic sites between the wild-type genotype G strains and the existing vaccine strains. [Results] The strains isolated in this study both belonged to genotype G, and they showed the nucleotide differences ranging from 4.2% to 6.9% from other 12 genotypes, with the greatest divergence from genotype A. Among the protein coding genes, the SH coding gene exhibited the largest variation, while the NP, M, and L coding genes were conserved. The P, F and HN coding genes demonstrated significant differences among different genotypes. The genotype G strains isolated in this study were closely related to the strain isolated in Jiangsu Province (Jiangsu.CHN/22.13/2), while they were distinct from the strains previously isolated in Liaoning Province. The genotype G strains isolated in this study lacked a N-glycosylation site (aa 12-14) but gained a N-glycosylation site (aa 464-466) in the key epitope of HN protein. In addition, the genotype G strains showed considerable differences in terms of neutralizing epitopes from the genotype A vaccine strain. These differences suggested that the mutations of these sites may potentially reduce the cross-protection effects of vaccine strains against wild-type MuV strains. Although there were some mutations in F protein, the functional region was conserved. [Conclusion] This study details the genotypic characteristics of genotype G MuVs in Dalian, highlighting their high similarities to the genotype G strains in China and the WHO reference strains, while underscoring significant differences from the genotype A vaccine strain used worldwide. These findings suggest the necessity of continuous surveillance of MuV strains in China and further studies of their epidemiology and virology, which could provide references for tracing MuVs, cutting the transmission route, and developing immunization strategies in China.

mumps virus  /  genotype G  /  whole genome  /  genetic characteristic
钱盈, 景淑军, 郑国君, 杨扬, 弓晓杰, 李中玉, 李悦, 孟凡红, 宋俐霏. 大连地区腮腺炎病毒G基因型全基因组特征. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (3) : 1283 -1300 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240627
Ying QIAN, Shujun JING, Guojun ZHENG, Yang YANG, Xiaojie GONG, Zhongyu LI, Yue LI, Fanhong MENG, Lifei SONG. Genomic characteristics of mumps virus genotype G in Dalian[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (3) : 1283 -1300 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240627
流行性腮腺炎由腮腺炎病毒引起,是一种传染性很强的疾病,通常导致单侧或双侧唾液腺肿胀等典型的症状,此外还会引起睾丸、卵巢、胰腺或脑膜的炎症,并导致不孕症或耳聋等并发症。我国和世界多国均将含腮腺炎成分疫苗(麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹联合疫苗)纳入免疫规划中,疫苗的应用使腮腺炎发病率急剧下降[1-2]。然而,在过去十几年中,仍有腮腺炎暴发的情况发生。
腮腺炎病毒(Mumps virus, MuV)属于副黏病毒科(Paramyxoviridae)腮腺炎病毒属,是引起人流行性腮腺炎(简称腮腺炎)的病原体,人是感染腮腺炎病毒的唯一自然宿主。MuV基因组为不分节段的单股负链核糖核酸(RNA),含有15 384个核苷酸,全基因组序列按3′-核衣壳蛋白(NP)-磷酸化蛋白(P)-基质蛋白(M)-融合蛋白(F)-小疏水性蛋白(SH)-血凝素/神经氨酸酶蛋白(HN)-聚合酶蛋白(L)-5′的顺序排列并编码7种病毒蛋白。腮腺炎病毒只有一个血清型,基因组SH基因的变异程度最大,可用作腮腺炎基因分型依据。根据SH基因核苷酸差异,目前,全球已划分12个MuV基因型,分别命名为A-N基因型(不包括E和M)[3]。世界范围内存在多个MuV基因型野毒株同时流行,其中C、D和H基因型主要分布在西半球,B、F、I和L基因型主要分布在亚洲,G基因型在全球大部分国家或地区均有检测到[4]。我国目前主要流行的MuV为F基因型,自2011年开始局部地区出现G基因型,比较腮腺炎SH基因检出比例,发现2011-2016年为2.67% (G型12条/总451条),到2018-2019年为6.25% (G型10条/总160条),G基因型存在逐渐扩大趋势[5-6]
腮腺炎属于疫苗可预防疾病,目前全球广泛使用的腮腺炎疫苗主要是Jeryl-Lynn (JL)株系列疫苗,我国主要为S79株,为JL株进一步传代获得。JL及S79株MuV疫苗株均属于A基因型,与我国现流行的F基因型及逐渐出现的G基因型MuV毒株基因型别不同。目前对于G基因型的病原学研究较少,为了解国内G基因型MuV的重要基因特征,本研究选择了辽宁地区分离到的2株腮腺炎G基因型毒株进行全基因组测序,结合GenBank下载的MuV各基因型以及我国其他地区G基因型毒株的基因组序列信息,共同分析我国G基因型MuV的全基因组特点及与现有疫苗株的遗传距离及关键抗原位点变异情况,为我国腮腺炎流行病学分析及疾病防控提供科学依据。
ETYY-LZH株和ETYY-HCQ株为大连市妇女儿童医疗中心(集团)希望广场院区传染科采集病例的咽拭子,经科兴(大连)疫苗技术有限公司利用Vero细胞分离获得。MuV毒株分离培养后,测定病毒滴度约7.5 lg CCID50/mL,用于后续分析。其中,ETYY-LZH株来自病例A,男性,6岁7个月,腮腺炎疫苗接种史不详,2022年10月28日发病,于当日采集病例咽拭子;ETYY-HCQ株来自病例B,男性,6岁6个月,有腮腺炎疫苗接种史,2023年6月5日发病,于当日采集病例咽拭子。
使用TRIzol LS Reagent试剂提取病毒全基因组RNA,使用cDNA反转录试剂盒FastKing RT Kit With gDNase (KR116) [天根生化科技(北京)有限公司]合成cDNA,利用Oligo软件设计扩增测序引物(表1),将扩增的PCR产物在2%琼脂糖凝胶中进行电泳分析,切取目的条带后进行纯化。
参考BigDyeTrv3.1 Cycle Seq Kit (4336921) (赛默飞世尔科技公司)说明书,采用Sanger法进行测序分析。反应体系为5 μL:纯化的PCR产物1 μL,BigDyeMix 1 μL,Primer (3.2 nmol/L) 1 μL,ddH2O补足5 μL。反应程序:95 ℃ 5 min;95 ℃ 20 s,50 ℃ 20 s,60 ℃ 30 s,进行30个循环;12 ℃保存。PCR完成后进行乙醇沉淀纯化后置于ABI3730XL测序仪(赛默飞世尔科技公司)进行测序,使用SeqMan进行数据拼接。
ETYY-LZH株和ETYY-HCQ株全基因组序列数据均已提交到国家微生物科学数据中心NMDC (http://nmdc.cn),编号分别为NMDCN 00060PQ和NMDCN00060PP。
从GenBank数据库获得参考毒株全基因组序列(包括A、B、C、D、F、G、H、I、J、K、L和N基因型)以及疫苗株Jeryl-Lynn株(AF338106.1和AF345290.1)、S79株(HQ416906.1和HQ416907.1)、SP-A株(FJ556896.1)的全基因组序列,同时检索中国(未含港澳台地区) G基因型毒株全基因组序列及SH基因序列,将这些序列与本研究分离毒株进行遗传差异分析,其中多序列比对、氨基酸和核苷酸同源性分析使用SnapGene、ClustalX 2软件;系统发育树的构建及遗传距离的分析使用MEGA软件的Neighbor-Joining Tree算法(取样值为1 000)和Pairwise-distance算法。
本研究分离毒株HN蛋白结构预测首先通过Protein Blast选择PDB数据库(https://www.rcsb.org/)确定参考结构为Hoshino毒株HN蛋白二聚体(PDB:5b2d),结构模拟利用在线软件SWISS-MODEL (https://swissmodel.expasy.org/)和AlphaFold3 (https://alphafoldserver.com/)进行预测,抗原关键表位分析采用PyMOL软件进行结构显示、分析和作图。
本研究的动物实验方案已通过科兴(大连)疫苗技术有限公司实验动物伦理审查。研究用动物为SPF级6周龄BALB/c小鼠,购自斯贝福(北京)生物技术有限公司。将20只小鼠随机分为2组,每组10只,实验组为A基因型毒株(S79疫苗株),对照组为PBS缓冲液,免疫方式为肌肉注射,免疫剂量为100 μL (样品滴度为6.6 lg CCID50/mL),共免疫2次,免疫间隔21 d,免疫前及末次免疫后眼眶采血并分离血清。
将免疫前及免疫后血清于56 ℃灭活30 min,用抗血清稀释液(99% MEM溶液,1%的7.5%碳酸氢钠溶液)按照2倍进行倍比稀释(即1:2、1:4、1:8、1:16等)后,按照体积比1:1分别加入A基因型疫苗株(S79疫苗株)、G基因型分离株(ETYY-LZH株)和F基因型分离株[2022年10月14日分离自大连市妇女儿童医疗中心(集团)病例咽拭子,女性,5岁5个月,腮腺炎疫苗接种史不详] (滴度均为1 000 CCID50/mL),设置病毒对照(3种病毒分别与抗血清稀释液1:1混合),于37 ℃水浴60 min;取Vero细胞制备1.5×105-2×105个/mL的细胞悬液,加至96孔细胞培养板中,每孔100 μL,静置培养30 min后进行接种,包括中和后病毒液(100 μL/孔,设4个复孔),细胞培养液对照(100 μL/孔,设4个复孔)、抗血清对照(稀释倍数1:2,100 μL/孔,不加病毒,设2个复孔)和病毒对照(100 μL/孔,设4个复孔),37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养8 d。判定按照Reed-Muench法计算半数保护量PD50,即为中和效价。
ETYY-LZH株和ETYY-HCQ株全长为15 384个核苷酸,由于未对毒株5′末端和3′末端进行测序分析,因此2个毒株的5′UTR和3′UTR均有缺失,实测ETYY-LZH株全基因组序列15 340 nt (23-15 362),ETYY-HCQ株全基因组序列15 344 nt (21-15 364)。2个毒株全基因组按照3′-NP-P-M-F-SH-HN-L-5′的顺序排列并编码7种病毒蛋白,其中NP、P、L基因编码病毒核衣壳蛋白,负责病毒的转录及复制;F、HN基因编码蛋白负责病毒入侵及受体识别;M为基质蛋白基因;SH为小疏水性蛋白基因。比较ETYY-LZH株和ETYY-HCQ株全基因组序列(表2),发现2个毒株序列相似性为99.9%,共有13个核苷酸差异,分别位于P、M、F、HN、L蛋白的编码区(coding sequences, CDS),其中氨基酸同义突变4个,单点突变5个,混合位点突变4个。
SH基因为MuV全基因组变异最大的基因,常作为MuV基因型鉴别的主要依据,HN基因序列也常作为分离病毒型别鉴别的补充,此外本研究测定了分离株全基因组序列,因此按照上述3种鉴别方式,将ETYY-LZH株和ETYY-HCQ株与世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)参考毒株进行发育树分析。在发育树上,MuV的12个基因型毒株均形成各自独立的分支,本研究的2个分离毒株与G基因型在一个分支,均为G基因型(图1)。基于SH基因、HN基因和全基因组构建的亲缘关系树结果一致,bootstrap自展值均大于80,说明发育树结果可信。
ETYY-LZH株和ETYY-HCQ株的序列相似性较高,且ETYY-LZH株基因组核苷酸均为单一碱基,后面将ETYY-LZH株与各基因型毒株进行全基因组比对(表3)。本研究分离毒株ETYY-LZH株与G基因型毒株全基因组具有较高相似性,核苷酸整体差异为1.2%-1.6% (183/15 384-246/15 384),与其他基因型差异为4.2%-6.9% (648/15 384-1 058/15 384),其中与A基因型差异性最大,与国内S79疫苗株亚株S79major序列差异为6.8% (1 047/15 384),与其他已被应用的疫苗株序列差异分别为Urabe AM-9株4.4% (673/15 384)、Hoshino株4.3% (662/15 384)、L3/Russia/Vector株4.2% (648/15 384)、L-Zagreb株4.2% (650/15 384),差异相似。
进一步比较表达蛋白编码区的核苷酸与氨基酸发现,ETYY-LZH株与各基因型毒株SH基因变异最大,核苷酸差异为5.7%-16.1% (10/174-28/174),氨基酸差异为5.3%-21.1% (3/57-12/57);NP基因、M基因和L基因序列相对保守,核苷酸平均差异分别为4.3% (71/1 650)、4.7% (53/1 128)、3.9% (263/6 786),氨基酸平均差异分别为0.7% (4/549)、0.5% (2/375)、0.7% (16/2 261);P基因、F基因、HN基因型间差异也较大,核苷酸平均差异分别为4.3% (50/1 176)、4.9% (80/1 617)、5.0% (87/1 749),氨基酸平均差异分别为3.8% (15/391)、3.9% (21/538)、2.9% (17/582)。
进一步分析本研究分离毒株与国内其他地区分离G基因型毒株差异,通过检索GenBank数据库,中国(未含港澳台地区)共有15个G基因型MuV毒株SH基因全长序列信息录入,包括陕西5株、辽宁1株、福建3株、江苏2株、云南4株,其中云南4株为基因组全长序列信息。
通过发育树和遗传距离(P-distance)分析可知(图2表4),本研究大连分离的2株G基因型毒株与江苏分离毒株(Jiangsu.CHN/22.13/2)亲缘关系最近,与之前分离的辽宁毒株(Liaoning.CHN/16.11)较为不同,与云南毒株(Yunnan.CHN/2.19.1)和陕西毒株(Shannxi.CHN/17.11/3和Shannxi.CHN/17.11/2)亲缘关系较远。从发育树可知,本研究分离毒株与江苏、辽宁、福建毒株形成一个独立分支(Lineage 1),而云南、陕西、参考毒株UK96和Sheffield.GBR形成另一个独立分支(Lineage 2),结合世界其他国家和地区检测的腮腺炎G基因型SH序列分析,分支1主要来自1996-2016年欧洲和北美洲,包括美国、荷兰、德国、西班牙,也有印度、日本和中国的分离株,分支2主要来自2000-2016年亚洲国家,包括日本、中国和老挝等国家的分离株[4]。由于流行病学信息不足,目前尚无法确认这17株G基因型MuV毒株是否属于输入性MuV。
为进一步分析分离毒株致病性及现有疫苗株对G基因型野毒株保护效果的潜在影响,揭示未来疫苗研制关注方向,本研究将大连地区分离毒株、云南毒株及WHO参考毒株与现有疫苗株的关键抗原进行比对分析。目前世界范围内广泛使用的为Jeryl-Lynn株,中国为S79株,二者均为A基因型疫苗株;此外中国医学科学院医学生物学研究所对野生型SP株进行减毒驯化,获得F基因型腮腺炎减毒活疫苗SP-A株,已完成临床II期(CTR20150482),正在开展临床III期(CTR20201943),也一并进行分析。
血凝素-神经氨酸酶HN蛋白和膜融合F蛋白是MuV重要的免疫原性蛋白。MuV感染时,HN蛋白首先与宿主细胞表面的唾液酸受体结合,介导病毒与细胞膜的初始黏附;受体结合后,触发F蛋白的结构发生改变。在此过程中,宿主内的furin蛋白酶对F蛋白进行切割,使其裂解为活性形式,进而引发从融合前到融合后的构象变化,最终促使病毒完成入侵。因此,HN蛋白和F蛋白不仅是MuV发病的关键因子,也是病毒感染过程中免疫应答的重要靶点。
分析HN蛋白的氨基酸差异,与ETYY-LZH株相比,ETYY-HCQ株、UK96株、Sheffield.GBR株及云南株的氨基酸差异分别为0.3% (2/582)、0.7% (4/582)、0.5% (3/582)和0.9% (5/582);而疫苗株JL5、S79major和SP-A的差异显著升高,分别为5.2% (30/582)、5.2% (30/582)和2.4% (14/582)。上述结果表明,G型毒株基因型内变异较小,但与A型和F型疫苗株的遗传差异较大。
依据HN蛋白的功能,包括:(1) 血凝素受体结合活性;(2) 通过与细胞的糖链末端唾液酸结合并将其破坏,释放出唾液酸残基,促进病毒与宿主细胞的黏附;(3) 与F蛋白相互作用,起到病毒融合的作用从而促进病毒的释放[7],本研究进一步比较G基因型毒株与疫苗株在HN蛋白的N-糖基化位点、唾液酸结合表位,以及免疫作用相关的B细胞表位及中和表位等差异(表5)。
N-糖基化位点中,疫苗株包括7个糖基化位点,而G基因型大部分MuV毒株缺失了aa 12-14的N-糖基化位点(除AF280799-UK96[G]),但增加了aa 464-466位点的N-糖基化修饰,后者与目前流行的F基因型毒株一致。
进一步采用SWISS-MODEL和AlphFold3两种方法预测G基因型HN蛋白二聚体结构,发现二者总体相似(图3A),比较HN蛋白与α-2,3-唾液酸的结合位点,发现G基因型与疫苗株的结合位点均较为保守,说明基因型差异未导致识别抗原位点漂移,这与预测的HN蛋白与α-2,3-唾液酸糖分子(3′-SL,NeuAcα2,3Galβ1,4GlcNAc)复合物结构相一致(图3B)。
比较B细胞表位发现,各表位主要分布在HN蛋白的表面(除aa 220-240),由B淋巴细胞BCR或抗体进行识别(图3C),序列整体相似性较高。然而,在中和表位中,HN蛋白至少包括3个中和表位(aa 265-288、aa 329-340和aa 352-360),研究表明氨基酸差异如aa 329-340、aa 354、aa 356可能会降低疫苗株对野毒株的交叉中和水平[8],且与疫苗株相比G基因型在279位和287位(分别为I→T和I→V)发生了变异,可能会在A基因型和G基因型毒株之间产生对CD4+ T细胞表位的识别错配,而导致重要的T细胞反应的丢失[9]。比较发现本研究中如上3个表位及可能影响中和与T细胞反应的关键位点,G基因型毒株序列与疫苗株SP-A完全一致,差异位点与疫苗株JL5、S79major均不一致,与JL2、S79minor部分一致,可能揭示了目前广泛使用疫苗株导致病毒逃逸的部分原因。
分析F蛋白的氨基酸差异(表6),与ETYY-LZH株相比,ETYY-HCQ株、UK96株、Sheffield.GBR株、云南株氨基酸差异分别为0.4% (2/538)、2.2% (12/538)、1.3% (7/538)、2.4% (13/538),与疫苗株JL5、S79major和SP-A株的氨基酸差异分别为5.4% (29/538)、5.2% (28/538)和3.0% (16/538),与HN相似,G型毒株基因型内差异较小,与A基因型疫苗株差异较大,与F基因型疫苗株SP-A株差异较小。F蛋白虽然有氨基酸差异,但在功能氨基酸部分,包括N-糖基化位点、融合位点、中和表位[9],G基因型与各疫苗株未出现型特异性差异,说明G基因型毒株在F蛋白功能区域较为保守。
本研究进一步探究了A基因型疫苗株对G基因型分离株(ETYY-LZH株)及目前主要流行的F基因型分离株[同样分离自大连市妇女儿童医疗中心(集团)]的血清交叉中和水平。
结果显示免疫前各组和免疫后阴性对照组中和效价均小于1:2,免疫后S79实验组10只小鼠对各基因型毒株的中和效价均大于1:2,几何平均滴度(geometric mean titer, GMT)分别为对A基因型(疫苗株) 1:194,对G基因型1:51,对F基因型1:65 (表7),说明疫苗株对G基因型和F基因型均能产生良好的交叉中和反应,中和效价稍低于本基因型(A型),与抗原关键中和表位分析较为一致。
MuV引起的腮腺炎是一种常见的、多发的儿童急性呼吸道传染病,在全球范围内广泛流行。腮腺炎是一种可预防性疾病,世界范围内最早使用的疫苗为Jeryl-Lynn株减毒活疫苗,我国于1979年引入Jeryl-Lynn株,在原代鸡胚细胞传代3次生成S79株[10],于20世纪90年代开始应用,并在2008年将腮腺炎疫苗纳入国家扩大免疫规划,MuV疫苗的接种大大降低了腮腺炎的发病率。目前我国把腮腺炎划分至丙类传染病,但每年仍有大量腮腺炎病例出现,腮腺炎的发病率一直居高不下。
本研究2个毒株分离自大连市妇女儿童医疗中心(集团),均为腮腺发生肿大后到医院就诊,并确诊为急性腮腺炎。流行病学调查显示2个病例均为散发性,未有聚集性感染。本研究对分离毒株进行基因组测定,不存在核苷酸或氨基酸的插入和缺失,整个基因组按照3′-NP-P-M-F-SH-HN-L-5′的顺序排列并编码7种病毒蛋白。通过基因型发育树分析,2个毒株均为G基因型,与G基因型参考毒株相似性最高,与A基因型核苷酸差异最大。在全基因组编码的7个病毒蛋白基因中,SH基因变异最大,NP、M和L基因相对保守,P基因、F基因、HN基因型间差异也较大,这也与它们的功能相一致,SH基因为基因型鉴别基因,具有高变异率;M蛋白为基质蛋白,在病毒组装中起重要作用,NP、P及L蛋白与病毒基因组共同组成RNP,负责病毒转录及复制过程,因此,它们的核苷酸和氨基酸序列相对保守,此外P基因突变与MuV的毒力增加有关[11],因此型间具有差异性;HN蛋白和F蛋白参与病毒入侵、介导病毒与细胞融合,是中和作用和免疫保护的重要抗原,型间具有显著差异。
本研究将大连分离毒株与GenBank数据库国内G基因型毒株进行比较,发现大连毒株与江苏毒株遗传距离最小(P-distance:0.000 0),与2011年分离的辽宁毒株差异较大(P-distance:0.034 8);将世界范围内G基因型毒株进行追溯分析,发现大连分离毒株与辽宁毒株、福建毒株属于一个分支(Lineage 1),而云南、陕西、参考毒株UK96和Sheffield.GBR属于另一个独立分支(Lineage 2),但从分支划分来看,MuV毒株分支与发生时间和地域均有关联,这给国内G基因型毒株的出现且范围逐渐扩大的溯源增加了更多不确定性。
比较本研究分离的G基因型毒株与疫苗株的HN蛋白和F蛋白差异发现,HN蛋白少了aa 12-14位N-糖基化位点,但多了aa 464-466位N-糖基化位点。有研究发现,HN的糖基化位点和数量在不同病毒亚型间不一致,这可能是一种免疫逃逸的策略[12]。此外,分离株HN蛋白与唾液酸的识别位点和复合物空间结构均显示G基因型入侵宿主的作用模式未发生明显改变。然而有研究发现部分G基因型可能在其他功能结构域发生变异,如HN蛋白K203N和H205R,由于该变异位于神经氨酸酶区域附近,而导致病毒的致病性改变[9]。在本研究分离株中如上位点未发生突变,未来应持续监测这些功能性位点。在HN蛋白中和表位中,G基因型毒株与A基因型疫苗株差异较大,F蛋白功能氨基酸较为保守,提示这些氨基酸位点的变异很可能会潜在地降低腮腺炎疫苗株对MuV野毒株的交叉保护作用。
基于分离毒株与疫苗株关键抗原的差异,我们通过动物实验初步评估了A基因型疫苗株对临床分离毒株(G基因型和F基因型)的血清交叉中和水平,结果显示S79对临床分离株均能产生良好的交叉中和反应,中和效价稍低于本基因型(A型)毒株,与抗原关键中和表位分析较为一致,但疫苗株的交叉保护作用还需更多的临床数据进一步分析。
本研究毒株均为咽拭子在Vero细胞分离培养获得,在培养第一代看到腮腺炎典型合胞体病变后进行一代测序分析,相应结果能够真实反映临床分离毒株信息。比较发现,相较ETYY-LZH株,ETYY-HCQ株存在4个混合核苷酸位点(分别位于M、F、HN和L蛋白编码区),发育树构建及关键中和表位分析显示,ETYY-HCQ株混合位点均未改变毒株分型及关键表位。然而该混合位点的出现不确定是由于该分离株本身就是混合毒株,或是分离培养过程中突变产生的(如疫苗株JL株即为混合毒株[13])。未来还需进一步对该毒株纯化分析,同时采用一代测序及NGS测序结合的方式,确定该毒株性状。
中国疾病预防控制信息系统数据和腮腺炎流行病学调查数据显示,2004-2023年间我国流行性腮腺炎的发病趋势总体上大致分为急剧上升(2004-2012年期间)[14]、基本平稳(2012-2018年期间)[15]和明显下降(2020-2023年期间)。后疫情时代的到来,减少了居家隔离,腮腺炎发病率又有抬头趋势,因此需要对腮腺炎病毒进行流行病学监控。近20年来流行性腮腺炎病毒学监测发现,我国流腮的流行病学特征未发生明显改变,以F基因型为主要流行基因型,但已出现了较大的型内差异[6]。从2011年开始中国(未含港澳台地区)监测到G基因型MuV流行[16],目前已经有9个省(自治区、直辖市)检测到G基因型的流行,并且G基因型MuV也在不断地进化和变异[5]。分子流行病学研究可以辅助流行病学调查,通过比较相关性可以帮助判断潜在的传播风险。
本研究通过全基因组测序详细分析了大连地区G基因型毒株的基因型别特征,通过识别不同分离株之间的核苷酸及氨基酸差异,发现大连地区毒株与国内G基因型毒株及WHO参考毒株整体较为相似,但各地区毒株间遗传距离存在差异,这提示需进一步加强对我国现有腮腺炎流行株的监控,对毒株溯源及传播途径开展分析,持续积累MuV基因型变化的动态数据,同时也应对流行毒株开展血清学研究,更加系统评价现有疫苗株的免疫保护效果,为疫苗策略制定奠定重要基础。
  • 辽宁省科学技术计划-揭榜挂帅(科技攻关专项)(2022JH1/10400012)
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2025年第65卷第3期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240627
  • 接收时间:2024-10-13
  • 首发时间:2026-02-10
  • 出版时间:2025-03-04
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-13
  • 录用日期:2024-12-17
基金
Liaoning Province’s Science and Technology Plan “Jie Bang Gua Shuai” (Special Foundation for Science and Technology Research)(2022JH1/10400012)
辽宁省科学技术计划-揭榜挂帅(科技攻关专项)(2022JH1/10400012)
作者信息
    1 科兴(大连)疫苗技术有限公司,辽宁 大连
    2 大连市妇女儿童医疗中心(集团),辽宁 大连
    3 大连民族大学,辽宁 大连

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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