Article(id=1226956555812254547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226956547847275311, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250122, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1739980800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1744214400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-04-10, onlineDate=1770458838656, onlineDateStr=2026-02-07, pubDate=1756915200000, pubDateStr=2025-09-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770458838656, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770458838656, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770458838656, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226956547847275311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='9', pageStart='3821', pageEnd='4232', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770458836757, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770459153781, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226957877613605816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226956547847275311, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226957877613605817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226956547847275311, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3959, endPage=3974, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226956556839859044, articleId=1226956555812254547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Biocontrol efficacy and mechanism of endophytic Pseudomonas sp. NWSUAF303 against cotton Verticillium wilt, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Cotton Verticillium wilt, caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae, is a devastating disease that severely impacts global cotton production. [Objective] To investigate the biocontrol potential and mechanism of endophytic Pseudomonas sp. NWSUAF303 against cotton Verticillium wilt and provide novel microbial resources for managing soil-borne diseases in cotton. [Methods] The strain was identified by phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and phenotypic characterization. Its antifungal spectrum was evaluated via dual-culture and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) inhibition assays. VOCs were detected by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Pot experiments were carried out to assess the disease control efficacy of the strain. RT-qPCR and enzymatic activity assays were employed to elucidate the resistance mechanism of the strain against cotton Verticillium wilt. [Results] Strain NWSUAF303 was identified as Pseudomonas alvandae, exhibiting plant growth-promoting properties including nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. Its non-volatile metabolites inhibited six phytopathogenic fungi, whereas VOCs demonstrated broader antifungal spectrum against seven pathogens, showing the inhibition rates >95% against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and of 89.27% against V. dahliae 592. The VOCs of this strain downregulated the expression of virulence genes (VdPR1, Vdpf, and VdGAL4) in V. dahliae (P<0.05). Three key antifungal VOCs were identified, including 2,3-butanedione, 2-nonanol, and 6-methyl-2-heptanol, with the inhibitory effect of 2,3-butanedione on V. dahliae being first reported. Pot experiments revealed the control efficacy of 54.40% against Verticillium wilt, which was comparable to that of carbendazim. Strain NWSUAF303 activated the salicylic acid/jasmonic acid (SA/JA) signaling pathway, upregulating the expression of defense-related genes GhPAL, Gh4CL, and GhCHI (P<0.01), while enhancing the activities of peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). [Conclusion] P. alvandae NWSUAF303 combats Verticillium wilt through dual mechanisms: producing novel antifungal VOCs and activating systemic resistance via SA/JA signaling and defense enzyme coordination. With broad-spectrum antifungal activity and plant growth-promoting properties, this strain represents a promising biocontrol agent for sustainable management of cotton Verticillium wilt.

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棉花黄萎病是由大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)引起的一种重要的土传真菌病害,严重影响全球棉花产量。 【目的】 探究棉花内生假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.) NWSUAF303对棉花黄萎病的防治作用及其作用机制,为棉花土传病害的生物防治提供新资源。 【方法】 通过16S rRNA基因系统进化分析及生物学特性检测对该菌种进行分类鉴定;采用平板对峙法及对扣试验检测该菌株的抑菌谱;结合顶空固相微萃取气质联用(headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术分析该菌株分泌的挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds, VOCs);通过盆栽试验评估该菌株对棉花黄萎病的防治效果;基于RT-qPCR和酶活检测解析其抗棉花黄萎病的作用机制。 【结果】 NWSUAF303菌株被鉴定为阿尔万德假单胞菌(Pseudomonas alvandae),具有固氮、溶解有机磷和分泌吲哚乙酸等促生特性。该菌株的非挥发性代谢物对6种病原真菌具有抑制作用,而其VOCs对7种植物病原真菌具有显著的抑制效果,其中对核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)的抑制率>95.00%,对大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae) 592的抑制率达89.27%。该菌株的VOCs可显著下调大丽轮枝菌毒力基因VdPR1VdpfVdGAL4的表达(P<0.05)。鉴定出2,3-丁二酮(2,3-butanedione)、2-壬醇(2-nonanol)和6-甲基-2-庚醇(6-methyl-2-heptanol) 3种关键抑菌VOCs,其中2,3-丁二酮对大丽轮枝菌的抑制作用为首次报道。盆栽试验显示该菌株对黄萎病的防治效果达54.40%,与多菌灵相当。机制研究表明,NWSUAF303菌株可激活水杨酸(salicylic acid, SA)和茉莉酸(jasmonic acid, JA)信号通路,显著上调棉花防御相关基因GhPALGh4CLGhCHI等的表达,并显著提高过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase, PPO)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)等棉花防御酶的活性,从而增强植物的抗病能力。 【结论】 本研究报道了P. alvandae NWSUAF303通过产生新型抑菌VOCs和激活SA/JA信号通路及防御酶协同增强棉花抗病性系统抗性双重机制防治黄萎病,兼具广谱抑菌和促生功能,为棉花黄萎病的绿色防控提供了优良菌种资源。

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作者贡献声明

杨奥伟:方法设计、调查研究、数据分析、结果可视化、论文撰写与修订;廖俊:调查研究、结果可视化;史圆:调查研究;尹雁玲:调查研究、论文修改;王瑶:方法设计、论文修订;沈锡辉:研究概念生成;潘君风:研究概念生成、方法设计、论文撰写与修订、课题监管与指导。

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Plant Cell Physiology, 2024, 65(5): 681-693., articleTitle=Long-term consequences of PTI activation and its manipulation by root-associated microbiota, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1226964061120806965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, awardId=32330004, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(32330004), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226964061263413308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, awardId=32330004, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(32330004), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226964061372465220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, awardId=32170130, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170130), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226964061515071562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, awardId=32170130, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(32170130), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226964051771703862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964051780092470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, companyId=1226964051771703862, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964051784286775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, companyId=1226964051771703862, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 西北农林科技大学 生命科学学院,作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室,陕西省农业与环境微生物重点实验室,陕西 杨凌)]), AuthorCompany(id=1226964051872367169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964051884950083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, companyId=1226964051872367169, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964051893338692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, companyId=1226964051872367169, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 塔里木大学 生命科学与技术学院,塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室培育基地,新疆 阿拉尔)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1226964057337545642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Phylogenetic tree of strain NWSUAF303 and its growth-promoting potential. A: Strain NWSUAF303 based 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree (Bootstrap values based on 1 000 replications are listed as percentages at the branching points. The accession number for each strain is given in parentheses. The scale bar represents 0.001 substitutions per nucleotide position); B: CAS, PVK, Ashby, and ADF media were used to assess strain NWSUAF303’s ability to produce siderophores, solubilize organic phosphorus, fix nitrogen, and produce ACC deaminase; C: The Salkowski colorimetric method was used to detect IAA production by strain NWSUAF303. Escherichia coli DH5α was used as a negative control., figureFileSmall=Sx9FZzGiF3dDb1H1VBkgAg==, figureFileBig=X9+Q+AwrHM0derdqL/eRUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964057454986157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, language=CN, label=图1, caption=NWSUAF303菌株系统发育树及其促生潜力。A:NWSUAF303菌株基于16S rRNA基因系统发育树,基于1 000次重复的bootstrap值以分支点的百分比形式列出,括号内为各菌株的登录号,刻度条代表每个核苷酸位置的0.001个替换;B:分别使用CAS、PVK、Ashby、ADF检测NWSUAF303菌株产嗜铁素、有机磷溶解、固氮、产ACC脱氨酶的能力;C:采用Salkowski比色法检测NWSUAF303菌株产IAA的能力,以大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli) DH5α作为阴性对照。, figureFileSmall=Sx9FZzGiF3dDb1H1VBkgAg==, figureFileBig=X9+Q+AwrHM0derdqL/eRUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964057677284281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Broad-spectrum inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi by non-volatile compounds secreted by strain NWSUAF303. A: Inhibition effects of non-volatile compounds secreted by strain NWSUAF303 on 9 plant pathogenic fungi; B, C: Effects of non-volatile compounds secreted by strain NWSUAF303 on colony radius (B) and inhibition rates (C) of 9 plant pathogenic fungi. Where Pc, Fo, Bd, Fp, Nd, and Ss denote P. capsici, F. oxysporum, B. dothidea, F. pseudograminearum, N. dictyophora, and S. sclerotiorum, respectively; Error bars represent standard errors; Asterisks indicate significant differences analyzed by Student’s t-tests (*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.000 1); ns indicates no significant differences analyzed by Student’s t-tests. The same below., figureFileSmall=+vZQjcIa6Brx3yjWoB2FZg==, figureFileBig=MarmBfJnHrCViOyiw/Ox7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964057782141882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, language=CN, label=图2, caption=NWSUAF303菌株分泌的非挥发性化合物对植物病原真菌的广谱抑菌性。A:NWSUAF303菌株分泌的非挥发性物质对9种植物病原菌的抑制效果;B、C:NWSUAF303菌株分泌的非挥发性物质对9种植物病原菌菌落半径的影响(B)及其抑菌率(C)。Pc、Fo、Bd、Fp、Nd、Ss分别表示辣椒疫霉菌、尖孢镰孢菌、葡萄座腔菌、假禾谷镰刀菌、网孢脉孢菌、核盘菌;误差棒表示标准误差;星号表示通过Student’s t检验分析确定的显著差异(*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001,****P<0.000 1);ns表示通过Student’s t检验分析确定的无显著差异。下同。, figureFileSmall=+vZQjcIa6Brx3yjWoB2FZg==, figureFileBig=MarmBfJnHrCViOyiw/Ox7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964057945719752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Broad-spectrum inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi by volatile organic compounds secreted by strain NWSUAF303. A: Inhibition effects of volatile organic compounds secreted by strain NWSUAF303 on 9 plant pathogenic fungi; B, C: Effects of volatile organic compounds secreted by strain NWSUAF303 on colony radius (B) and inhibition rates (C) of 9 plant pathogenic fungi., figureFileSmall=dK7HwD6hJjB+nN9pZ9H9HA==, figureFileBig=YVr6S9XJZ4FguJZavVqJfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964058084131788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, language=CN, label=图3, caption=NWSUAF303菌株分泌的挥发性有机化合物对植物病原真菌的广谱抑菌性。A:NWSUAF303菌株分泌的挥发性物质对9种植物病原菌的抑制效果;B、C:NWSUAF303菌株分泌的挥发性物质对9种植物病原菌菌落半径的影响(B)及其抑菌率(C)。, figureFileSmall=dK7HwD6hJjB+nN9pZ9H9HA==, figureFileBig=YVr6S9XJZ4FguJZavVqJfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964058188989396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Effect of strain NWSUAF303 on the expression of virulence genes of Verticillium dahliae., figureFileSmall=kf2d/9aGs9TVrdzGQ0Z+3g==, figureFileBig=Aj2gyEpLxV9zaAo5jYCucg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964059573109724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, language=CN, label=图4, caption=NWSUAF303菌株对大丽轮枝菌毒力基因表达的影响, figureFileSmall=kf2d/9aGs9TVrdzGQ0Z+3g==, figureFileBig=Aj2gyEpLxV9zaAo5jYCucg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964059694744548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=GC-MS spectrum of volatile organic compounds secreted by strain NWSUAF303 and their antimicrobial activity evaluation. A: GC-MS spectrum of volatile organic compounds from strain NWSUAF303 and the control group (1, 2, and 3 represent the peaks of 2,3-butanedione, 6-methyl-2-heptanol, and 2-nonanol, respectively in the figure); B: The antimicrobial effects of varying concentrations of 2,3-butanedione, 2-nonanol, and 6-methyl-2-heptanol were evaluated; C-E: Antimicrobial rates of different concentrations of 2,3-butanedione, 2-nonanol, and 6-methyl-2-heptanol. Error bars represent standard errors; Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences determined by one-way ANOVA analysis (P<0.05)., figureFileSmall=SALW9CmVkBh/eV6Dh1JHuw==, figureFileBig=vmrI91RfV5fHlozrR5vpag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964059807990761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, language=CN, label=图5, caption=NWSUAF303菌株分泌的挥发性有机化合物的GC-MS光谱和抑菌活性测定。A:NWSUAF303菌株和对照组挥发性有机化合物的GC-MS光谱(图中1、2、3分别代表2,3-butanedione、6-methyl-2-heptanol、2-nonanol的峰);B:测定不同浓度的2,3-butanedione、2-nonanol和6-methyl-2-heptanol的抑菌效果;C-E:不同浓度2,3-butanedione、2-nonanol和6-methyl-2-heptanol的抑菌率。误差棒表示标准误差;不同的小写字母表示通过one-way ANOVA分析确定的显著差异(P<0.05)。, figureFileSmall=SALW9CmVkBh/eV6Dh1JHuw==, figureFileBig=vmrI91RfV5fHlozrR5vpag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964059933819890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Indoor control efficacy of strain NWSUAF303 against cotton Verticillium wilt and its mechanisms of action. A: Effects of various treatments on the incidence rate of cotton Verticillium wilt; B: Cotton disease index under different treatments; C: Strain NWSUAF303 treatment effects on the biomass of Verticillium dahliae strain 592 in cotton stems; D, E: Strain NWSUAF303 effects on cotton defense-related gene expression; F: Strain NWSUAF303 impacts on POD activity in cotton; G: Strain NWSUAF303 influences on SOD activity in cotton; H: Strain NWSUAF303 effects on PPO activity in cotton., figureFileSmall=O2boaKsO5ohdB51Bgvi2rw==, figureFileBig=o8JVsOZ4BOOs+pv9WLKcqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964060034483191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, language=CN, label=图6, caption=NWSUAF303菌株对棉花黄萎病的室内防治作用及其作用机制。A:不同处理对棉花黄萎病发病率的影响;B:不同处理的棉花病情指数;C:NWSUAF303菌株处理对棉花茎中大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae) 592生物量的影响;D、E:NWSUAF303菌株对棉花防御基因的影响;F:NWSUAF303菌株对棉花POD活性的影响;G:NWSUAF303菌株对棉花SOD活性的影响;H:NWSUAF303菌株对棉花PPO活性的影响。, figureFileSmall=O2boaKsO5ohdB51Bgvi2rw==, figureFileBig=o8JVsOZ4BOOs+pv9WLKcqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964060168700927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Virulence gene RT-qPCR primers of Verticillium dahliae

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
VdCYP1-FAAGAGGATCATTGCGGATCG
VdCYP1-RCGATGAGAGACAGCGATCAA
VdBre1-FGAAGCTAGAGGAAGCATCGG
VdBre1-RTTTCAGGGTCGAGTTCTCCT
VDAG-09554-FGATTCGAGTTGTTCGGATGTC
VDAG-09554-RGTCTGGAGAGTGATGCAGTT
VDAG-04573-FCAGTATCAACCCCGTCCG
VDAG-04573-RTGTTGACAGCGGAGTAAGG
VdPR1-FTCAGTTACGGAGACCCAGAA
VdPR1-RGGCGAGTGAGCGTAGAAAA
Vdpf-FAGGTCGAGAAAAAGCGTACC
Vdpf-RCATCGAGCAGACCTGATAGC
VdGAL4-FCCTACTGTCTCAACACTGGC
VdGAL4-RATGTCCATATCAGCCCAGGA
β-tubulin-FTCACCAGCCGTGGCAAGGTTG
β-tubulin-RAGCAAAGGGCGGTCTGGACGTTG
), ArticleFig(id=1226964060370026500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

大丽轮枝菌毒力基因RT-qPCR引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
VdCYP1-FAAGAGGATCATTGCGGATCG
VdCYP1-RCGATGAGAGACAGCGATCAA
VdBre1-FGAAGCTAGAGGAAGCATCGG
VdBre1-RTTTCAGGGTCGAGTTCTCCT
VDAG-09554-FGATTCGAGTTGTTCGGATGTC
VDAG-09554-RGTCTGGAGAGTGATGCAGTT
VDAG-04573-FCAGTATCAACCCCGTCCG
VDAG-04573-RTGTTGACAGCGGAGTAAGG
VdPR1-FTCAGTTACGGAGACCCAGAA
VdPR1-RGGCGAGTGAGCGTAGAAAA
Vdpf-FAGGTCGAGAAAAAGCGTACC
Vdpf-RCATCGAGCAGACCTGATAGC
VdGAL4-FCCTACTGTCTCAACACTGGC
VdGAL4-RATGTCCATATCAGCCCAGGA
β-tubulin-FTCACCAGCCGTGGCAAGGTTG
β-tubulin-RAGCAAAGGGCGGTCTGGACGTTG
), ArticleFig(id=1226964060491661325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

RT-qPCR primers for reference genes of cotton and Verticillium dahliae

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
Ubiquitin-FGAGTCTTCGGACACCATTG
Ubiquitin-RCTTGACCTTCTTCTTCTTGTGC
β-tubulin-FTCACCAGCCGTGGCAAGGTTG
β-tubulin-RAGCAAAGGGCGGTCTGGACGTTG
), ArticleFig(id=1226964060609101844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

棉花和大丽轮枝菌内参基因RT-qPCR引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
Ubiquitin-FGAGTCTTCGGACACCATTG
Ubiquitin-RCTTGACCTTCTTCTTCTTGTGC
β-tubulin-FTCACCAGCCGTGGCAAGGTTG
β-tubulin-RAGCAAAGGGCGGTCTGGACGTTG
), ArticleFig(id=1226964060722348062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

RT-qPCR primers for cotton defense-related genes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
GhPAL-FAAATGGTGGTGTTGGTGTGC
GhPAL-RTCACCACCGAGTTTCACCAA
Gh4CL-FCCGTTGAGCTTGAATCCCCT
Gh4CL-RGTGGAGAGGGAGGTGGTTTG
GhCHI-FACAACTACGGGCAATGTGGA
GhCHI-RTGCCTGATCACAAAACGCAG
GhPR1-FAGGCCGACTACGATTACAGC
GhPR1-RACCAAGATGGACAGAGTCGC
GhCAT-FTGATGATTTGGGTGTTCCACA
GhCAT-RCAGCAAGCATTTGACCCCAC
GhACO-FGAGAATCTGGGGTTGGAGCC
GhACO-RTCCACCAGCATCAGTGTGAG
GhEDS1-FATCCCCGCTTGTTGGTGATT
GhEDS1-RGCCCCACGGTAGACAAAGAA
GhAOS-FTCGTCTACGAAGCGTTACGG
GhAOS-RCAGACAGCATCTCCCCTTGT
Ubiquitin-FGAGTCTTCGGACACCATTG
Ubiquitin-RCTTGACCTTCTTCTTCTTGTGC
), ArticleFig(id=1226964060839788580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555812254547, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

棉花防御相关基因RT-qPCR引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
GhPAL-FAAATGGTGGTGTTGGTGTGC
GhPAL-RTCACCACCGAGTTTCACCAA
Gh4CL-FCCGTTGAGCTTGAATCCCCT
Gh4CL-RGTGGAGAGGGAGGTGGTTTG
GhCHI-FACAACTACGGGCAATGTGGA
GhCHI-RTGCCTGATCACAAAACGCAG
GhPR1-FAGGCCGACTACGATTACAGC
GhPR1-RACCAAGATGGACAGAGTCGC
GhCAT-FTGATGATTTGGGTGTTCCACA
GhCAT-RCAGCAAGCATTTGACCCCAC
GhACO-FGAGAATCTGGGGTTGGAGCC
GhACO-RTCCACCAGCATCAGTGTGAG
GhEDS1-FATCCCCGCTTGTTGGTGATT
GhEDS1-RGCCCCACGGTAGACAAAGAA
GhAOS-FTCGTCTACGAAGCGTTACGG
GhAOS-RCAGACAGCATCTCCCCTTGT
Ubiquitin-FGAGTCTTCGGACACCATTG
Ubiquitin-RCTTGACCTTCTTCTTCTTGTGC
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内生假单胞菌NWSUAF303对棉花黄萎病的生物防治作用及其机制
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杨奥伟 1 , 廖俊 1 , 史圆 1 , 尹雁玲 2 , 王瑶 1 , 沈锡辉 1 , 潘君风 1
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(9): 3959-3974
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(9): 3959-3974
内生假单胞菌NWSUAF303对棉花黄萎病的生物防治作用及其机制
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杨奥伟1, 廖俊1, 史圆1, 尹雁玲2, 王瑶1, 沈锡辉1, 潘君风1
作者信息
  • 1 西北农林科技大学 生命科学学院,作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室,陕西省农业与环境微生物重点实验室,陕西 杨凌
  • 2 塔里木大学 生命科学与技术学院,塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室培育基地,新疆 阿拉尔
Biocontrol efficacy and mechanism of endophytic Pseudomonas sp. NWSUAF303 against cotton Verticillium wilt
Aowei YANG1, Jun LIAO1, Yuan SHI1, Yanling YIN2, Yao WANG1, Xihui SHEN1, Junfeng PAN1
Affiliations
  • 1 Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
出版时间: 2025-09-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250122
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棉花黄萎病是由大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)引起的一种重要的土传真菌病害,严重影响全球棉花产量。 【目的】 探究棉花内生假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.) NWSUAF303对棉花黄萎病的防治作用及其作用机制,为棉花土传病害的生物防治提供新资源。 【方法】 通过16S rRNA基因系统进化分析及生物学特性检测对该菌种进行分类鉴定;采用平板对峙法及对扣试验检测该菌株的抑菌谱;结合顶空固相微萃取气质联用(headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术分析该菌株分泌的挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds, VOCs);通过盆栽试验评估该菌株对棉花黄萎病的防治效果;基于RT-qPCR和酶活检测解析其抗棉花黄萎病的作用机制。 【结果】 NWSUAF303菌株被鉴定为阿尔万德假单胞菌(Pseudomonas alvandae),具有固氮、溶解有机磷和分泌吲哚乙酸等促生特性。该菌株的非挥发性代谢物对6种病原真菌具有抑制作用,而其VOCs对7种植物病原真菌具有显著的抑制效果,其中对核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)的抑制率>95.00%,对大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae) 592的抑制率达89.27%。该菌株的VOCs可显著下调大丽轮枝菌毒力基因VdPR1VdpfVdGAL4的表达(P<0.05)。鉴定出2,3-丁二酮(2,3-butanedione)、2-壬醇(2-nonanol)和6-甲基-2-庚醇(6-methyl-2-heptanol) 3种关键抑菌VOCs,其中2,3-丁二酮对大丽轮枝菌的抑制作用为首次报道。盆栽试验显示该菌株对黄萎病的防治效果达54.40%,与多菌灵相当。机制研究表明,NWSUAF303菌株可激活水杨酸(salicylic acid, SA)和茉莉酸(jasmonic acid, JA)信号通路,显著上调棉花防御相关基因GhPALGh4CLGhCHI等的表达,并显著提高过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase, PPO)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)等棉花防御酶的活性,从而增强植物的抗病能力。 【结论】 本研究报道了P. alvandae NWSUAF303通过产生新型抑菌VOCs和激活SA/JA信号通路及防御酶协同增强棉花抗病性系统抗性双重机制防治黄萎病,兼具广谱抑菌和促生功能,为棉花黄萎病的绿色防控提供了优良菌种资源。

棉花黄萎病  /  大丽轮枝菌  /  假单胞菌属  /  挥发性有机化合物  /  防御基因  /  防御酶活性

Cotton Verticillium wilt, caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae, is a devastating disease that severely impacts global cotton production. [Objective] To investigate the biocontrol potential and mechanism of endophytic Pseudomonas sp. NWSUAF303 against cotton Verticillium wilt and provide novel microbial resources for managing soil-borne diseases in cotton. [Methods] The strain was identified by phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and phenotypic characterization. Its antifungal spectrum was evaluated via dual-culture and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) inhibition assays. VOCs were detected by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Pot experiments were carried out to assess the disease control efficacy of the strain. RT-qPCR and enzymatic activity assays were employed to elucidate the resistance mechanism of the strain against cotton Verticillium wilt. [Results] Strain NWSUAF303 was identified as Pseudomonas alvandae, exhibiting plant growth-promoting properties including nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. Its non-volatile metabolites inhibited six phytopathogenic fungi, whereas VOCs demonstrated broader antifungal spectrum against seven pathogens, showing the inhibition rates >95% against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and of 89.27% against V. dahliae 592. The VOCs of this strain downregulated the expression of virulence genes (VdPR1, Vdpf, and VdGAL4) in V. dahliae (P<0.05). Three key antifungal VOCs were identified, including 2,3-butanedione, 2-nonanol, and 6-methyl-2-heptanol, with the inhibitory effect of 2,3-butanedione on V. dahliae being first reported. Pot experiments revealed the control efficacy of 54.40% against Verticillium wilt, which was comparable to that of carbendazim. Strain NWSUAF303 activated the salicylic acid/jasmonic acid (SA/JA) signaling pathway, upregulating the expression of defense-related genes GhPAL, Gh4CL, and GhCHI (P<0.01), while enhancing the activities of peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). [Conclusion] P. alvandae NWSUAF303 combats Verticillium wilt through dual mechanisms: producing novel antifungal VOCs and activating systemic resistance via SA/JA signaling and defense enzyme coordination. With broad-spectrum antifungal activity and plant growth-promoting properties, this strain represents a promising biocontrol agent for sustainable management of cotton Verticillium wilt.

cotton Verticillium wilt  /  Verticillium dahliae  /  Pseudomonas  /  volatile organic compounds  /  defense-related genes  /  activities of defense enzymes
杨奥伟, 廖俊, 史圆, 尹雁玲, 王瑶, 沈锡辉, 潘君风. 内生假单胞菌NWSUAF303对棉花黄萎病的生物防治作用及其机制. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (9) : 3959 -3974 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250122
Aowei YANG, Jun LIAO, Yuan SHI, Yanling YIN, Yao WANG, Xihui SHEN, Junfeng PAN. Biocontrol efficacy and mechanism of endophytic Pseudomonas sp. NWSUAF303 against cotton Verticillium wilt[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (9) : 3959 -3974 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250122
棉花是全球重要的经济作物,为纺织业提供了约35%的天然纤维,同时在食品和饲料领域也具有重要的经济价值[1]。棉花在全球80多个国家种植,其中约30个国家将其作为商业主导作物[2]。然而各种病虫害及非生物胁迫对棉花产量造成了巨大损失,其中黄萎病对棉花产量的影响尤为突出,2021年,黄萎病对中国棉花造成的损失占各种病害总损失的32.49%[1]。棉花黄萎病是由大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)引起的一种重要真菌性土传病害,大丽轮枝菌通过根部侵入维管系统,迅速引发全株感染,导致叶片萎黄、脱落,甚至植物死亡[3]。在受感染的植物中,大丽轮枝菌可产生微菌核,这种结构使其能够在土壤里存活长达15年[4]
针对棉花黄萎病,目前采用的防治方法包括选育抗性品种、农业防治和化学防治。然而这些方法不仅成本高、效果有限,还容易对环境造成污染[5]。相比之下,生物防治因其环境友好性和可持续性逐渐成为研究热点。生物防治是利用微生物代谢产物对病原菌进行防御,从而抑制病原菌的生长和繁殖,减少病原菌的危害[6]。许多微生物属已被报道对棉花黄萎病具有防治作用,包括假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和链霉菌属(Streptomyces)等[7]。假单胞菌属因其在植物根部定殖能力和抑制其他生物体的能力,使其成为许多作物保护计划的首选,作为抑制植物病原体的生物控制剂[8]
在这些代谢物中,一类特殊的代谢物——挥发性物质(volatile organic compounds, VOCs)受到越来越多的关注。许多微生物代谢产生的VOCs已被证明对病原真菌具有抑制作用,且对人类和环境更为友好[9]。例如,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)产生的VOCs对灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)、意大利青霉(Penicillium italicum)、指状青霉(Penicillium digitatum)和扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum)等表现出很强的抗真菌活性[10]。此外,VOCs在植物生长的其他方面也发挥积极作用,包括诱导植物系统抗性(inducing plant systemic resistance, ISR)和促进植物生长发育[11]。因此VOCs的应用被认为是一种很有前景的生物防治策略。
本研究以从棉花根部分离出的一株对大丽轮枝菌具有显著拮抗作用的菌株NWSUAF303为研究对象,分析其促生潜能及抑菌谱,检测其产生的能够抑制大丽轮枝菌的挥发性物质,并研究其对棉花黄萎病的防治效果,以期为棉花黄萎病的生物防治提供新的策略。
植物RNA提取试剂盒、细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒,天根生化科技(北京)有限公司;反转录试剂盒,北京全式金生物技术股份有限公司;2,3-丁二酮(2,3-butanedione)、6-甲基-2-庚醇(6-methyl-2-heptanol),上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;2-壬醇(2-nonanol),上海源叶生物科技有限公司;过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase, PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)检测试剂盒,北京索莱宝科技有限公司;CAS检测培养基,青岛海博生物技术有限公司。
恒温培养箱,上海一恒科技有限公司;恒温培养摇床,上海南荣实验室设备有限公司;高压灭菌锅,致微(厦门)仪器有限公司;实时荧光定量PCR仪,Roche公司;PCR仪,翌圣生物科技(上海)股份有限公司;精密天平,Sartorius公司。
CAS检测培养基(mg/L):铬天青S (CAS)60.50,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵72.90,六水合氯化铁2.70,二水磷酸二氢钠295.30,十二水磷酸氢二钠1213.50,氯化铵125.00,磷酸二氢钾37.50,氯化钠62.50,琼脂1 500.00,pH 6.7-6.9。
Pikovskaya (PVK)培养基(g/L):葡萄糖10.00,硫酸铵0.50,酵母浸粉0.50,氯化钠0.30,氯化钾0.30,硫酸镁0.30,硫酸亚铁0.03,硫酸锰0.03,卵磷脂0.20,碳酸钙1.00,琼脂粉15.00,pH 7.0-7.5。
Ashby无氮培养基(g/L):磷酸二氢钾0.20,氯化钠0.20,硫酸镁0.20,碳酸钙5.00,硫酸钾0.10,葡萄糖10.00,琼脂粉15.00,pH 7.4。
ADF培养基(g/L):磷酸氢二钠6.00,磷酸二氢钾4.00,1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸0.70,葡萄糖2.00,柠檬酸2.00,七水合硫酸亚铁0.20,硫酸镁0.20,葡萄糖酸2.0 mL/L,琼脂粉15.00,pH 7.2。
查氏培养基(g/L):蔗糖30.00,硝酸钠2.00,磷酸氢二钾1.00,七水合硫酸镁0.50,氯化钾0.50,七水合硫酸亚铁0.10。
PDA培养基(g/L):土豆200.00,葡萄糖20.00,琼脂粉15.00。
LB培养基(g/L):氯化钠10.00,蛋白胨10.00,酵母粉5.00,琼脂粉15.00。
将-80 ℃冰箱中取出的菌种划线接种到固体LB培养基上,在30 ℃培养箱中培养48 h后,挑取单克隆接种到液体培养基中30 ℃、200 r/min培养24 h。使用细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒提取NWSUAF303菌株基因组,使用细菌16S rRNA基因通用引物27F (5′-AGAGTTTGATCCT GGCTCAG-3′)和1492R (5′-GGTTACCTTGTTA CGACTT-3′)扩增菌株16S rRNA基因序列。PCR反应体系(10 μL):2×ApexHF HS DNA聚合酶预混液5 μL,上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)各0.5 μL,DNA模板0.5 μL,ddH2O 3.5 μL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃ 10 min;95 ℃ 30 s,56 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 90 s,30个循环;72 ℃ 10 min;16 ℃ 60 min。将得到的PCR产物送至生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司进行测序,将测序得到的数据与NCBI数据库中的序列进行比对,下载同源性较高的序列,利用MEGA 11软件中的邻接(neighbor-joining, NJ)法构建菌株系统发育树,根据菌株在发育树中的位置确定其属种[12]
NWSUAF303菌株产嗜铁素测定:将从-80 ℃冰箱中取出的菌种接种到固体LB培养基上,在30 ℃培养箱中培养48 h,挑取单克隆到液体LB培养基中,30 ℃、200 r/min培养12 h后,吸取10 μL菌液点接种到CAS检测培养基上,30 ℃培养3 d后,观察菌落周围是否产生透明光圈,实验重复3次[13]。NWSUAF303菌株溶磷能力测定:吸取10 μL菌液点接种到配制好的改进Pikovskaya (PVK)固体培养基上,30 ℃培养3 d后,观察菌落周围是否产生透明光圈,实验重复3次[14]。NWSUAF303菌株固氮能力测定:吸取10 μL菌液点接种到配制好的Ashby无氮培养基上,30 ℃培养3 d后,观察菌落周围是否产生透明光圈。实验重复3次[15]。NWSUAF303菌株产1-氨基环丙烷羧酸(1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid, ACC)脱氨酶能力测定:吸取10 μL菌液点接种到配制好的ADF培养基上,30 ℃培养3 d后,观察菌落是否在ADF培养基上生长,实验重复3次[16]。NWSUAF303菌株产吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)能力测定:采用Salkowski比色法[17],将NWSUAF303菌株接种到含100 mg/L色氨酸的液体LB培养基中,30 ℃、200 r/min连续培养3 d后,收集上清液,加入等体积的Salkowski比色液(浓硫酸150 mL,去离子水250 mL,0.5 mol/L六水合三氯化铁7.5 mL),避光反应30 min后观察体系颜色变化,实验重复3次。
九种植物病原真菌:大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae) 592、辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici)、尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)、假禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium pseudograminearum)、网孢脉孢菌(Neurospora dictyophora)、核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)、大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae) 36928、大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae) 36211均保存于实验室-80 ℃冰箱中。
非挥发性物质抑菌实验:用打孔器在新鲜培养的真菌菌落上打直径为8 mm的菌饼,将菌饼转移到新鲜的PDA培养基中央,在左右两边离菌饼2.5 cm处各接种10 μL NWSUAF303菌液,以仅接种病原菌的为对照组,26 ℃静置培养15 d后取出,测量菌饼的半径并计算抑菌率,实验重复3次[18]
用打孔器在新鲜培养的真菌菌落上打直径为8 mm的菌饼,将菌饼转移到新鲜的PDA培养基中央,取100 μL NWSUAF303菌液均匀涂布到LB平板上,将LB平板和PDA平板对扣,用封口膜将2个平板密封,以仅接种病原菌的为对照组,将平板放置26 ℃培养15 d后,测量菌饼半径并计算抑菌率,实验重复3次[19]。抑菌率计算如公式(1)所示。
R (%)=r0-r1r0-r×100
式中:r0为对照组菌饼半径,r1为实验组菌饼半径,r为接种菌饼半径。
用打孔器在新鲜培养的真菌菌落上打直径为8 mm的菌饼,将菌饼转移到新鲜的PDA培养基中央。取50 μL NWSUAF303菌液均匀涂布到LB平板上,将LB平板和PDA平板对扣,用封口膜将2个平板密封,以仅接种病原菌的为对照组,将平板放置26 ℃培养15 d后,刮取菌丝放进液氮中研磨至粉状。使用RNA提取试剂盒提取病原菌的总RNA,使用反转录试剂盒将RNA反转录为cDNA,采用RT-qPCR检测大丽轮枝菌毒力基因的表达[20]。RT-qPCR反应体系(10 μL):2×PerfectStart® Green qPCR SuperMix 5 μL,上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)各0.5 μL,cDNA模板2 μL,ddH2O 2 μL。RT-qPCR反应条件:95 ℃ 150 s;95 ℃ 10 s,53 ℃ 30 s,45个循环;95 ℃ 10 s,65 ℃ 60 s,97 ℃ 1 s,37 ℃ 30 s。引物列见表1
采用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用(headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术测定NWSUAF303菌株分泌的挥发性有机化合物。向顶空进样小瓶中加入5 mL固体LB培养基,待其凝固后接种100 μL NWSUAF303菌液,30 ℃培养10 d,将样品送至上海百趣生物科技有限公司进行测定,具体程序为:顶空固相微萃取(solid phase micro-extraction, SPME)循环中,萃取温度为60 ℃;预热时间为15 min;萃取时间为30 min;解吸时间为4 min。气质联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)分析使用Agilent 7890气相色谱系统与5977B质谱仪联用。该系统使用DB-Wax色谱柱,采用不分流模式进样。以氦气作为载气,隔垫吹扫流速为3 mL/min,通过色谱柱的气体流速为1 mL/min。初始温度保持在40 ℃持续4 min,然后以5 ℃/min的速率升至245 ℃,并保持5 min。进样口、传输线、离子源和四极杆的温度分别为250、250、230和150 ℃。电子轰击模式下的能量为-70 eV。质谱数据在扫描模式下采集,m/z范围为20-400,溶剂延迟为2.37 min。使用LECO Corporation的Chroma TOF 4.3X软件和Nist数据库进行原始峰提取、数据基线过滤和校准、峰对齐、去卷积分析、峰识别、积分和峰面积谱图匹配。根据结果购买相应标准品,检测其对大丽轮枝菌的抑制效果[21]
大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae) 592孢子液制备:用打孔器在新鲜培养的大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae) 592菌落上打直径为8 mm的菌饼,将菌饼转移到灭菌的查氏培养基中,用锡纸包裹锥形瓶放进摇床中,26 ℃、200 r/min培养10 d后,吸取10 μL发酵液至血球计数板上,放在显微镜下对孢子进行计数,调整孢子浓度至1×107 CFU/mL。
陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)品种‘创075’种子(创世纪种业有限公司)浸泡在无菌水中浸种催芽48 h,萌发的种子转移到沙子与蛭石2:3混合的土中,在25 ℃、16 h/8 h (光照/黑暗)的光周期环境中生长。大约10 d待棉花长到两叶一心时,通过灌根法接种10 mL NWSUAF303发酵液(OD600=1.0),大约20 d待棉花长出第一片真叶时第二次接种NWSUAF303,以添加无菌水的组为阴性对照,1 d后接种大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae) 592孢子液10 mL (1×107 CFU/mL),30 d后统计植株发病情况,并根据公式(2)计算病情指数(disease index, DI),病害发生程度分为5个等级(0-4),即0 (无症状)、1 (≤25%的叶片萎黄)、2 (25%-50%的叶片萎黄)、3 (50%-75%的叶片萎黄)、4 (75%-100%的叶片萎黄[22]。每组统计15株植物,实验重复3次。
DI=(发病等级×该发病等级的植株数量)统计的植株总×4×100
RT-qPCR测定植物中的真菌生物量:使用植物基因组DNA提取试剂盒提取棉花茎的DNA,以棉花的ubiquitin作为内参基因,大丽轮枝菌的β-tubulin为检测基因,采用RT-qPCR检测植物中大丽轮枝菌的相对含量[23]。RT-qPCR体系及程序同1.6节;引物见表2
NWSUAF303菌株对棉花防御基因的影响:植物的处理同1.8节,在接种大丽轮枝菌孢子液6 h后收集植株的根,放进液氮中研磨成粉状,使用植物组织RNA提取试剂盒提取棉花的总RNA,使用反转录试剂盒将RNA反转成cDNA用于RT-qPCR[24]。RT-qPCR体系及程序同1.6节;引物见表3
NWSUAF303菌株对棉花防御酶活性的影响:植物的处理同1.8节,在不接种大丽轮枝孢子液和接种后6 h及12 h收集植株的根,放进液氮中研磨成粉状,使用试剂盒检测植株过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase, PPO)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)的活性[25]
使用GraphPad Prism 9软件进行统计分析,所有实验均采用非配对的Student’s t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
通过构建系统发育树发现,NWSUAF303菌株在进化关系上与Pseudomonas alvandae HB002T (NR_181810.1)、毕节假单胞菌(Pseudomonas bijieensis) L22-9T (NR_181354.1)最为接近(图1A),且NWSUAF303菌株与P. alvandae HB002的同源性最高,达到99.80%,因此将NWSUAF303菌株初步鉴定为Pseudomonas alvandae
通过检测菌株促生相关的生物学特性发现,NWSUAF303菌株能够产生嗜铁素、IAA、ACC脱氨酶并且具有固氮、溶磷等功能(图1B1C),说明NWSUAF303菌株具有潜在的促进植物生长的能力。
图2A可知,NWSUAF303菌株分泌的非挥发性次级代谢产物对多种植物病原真菌具有抑制作用,其中对大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae) 592的抑制效果最好,抑制率为43.98%;其次是大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae) 36928和葡萄座腔菌(B. dothidea),抑制率分别为42.14%和39.21%;NWSUAF303菌株对辣椒疫霉菌(P. capsici)、尖孢镰孢菌(F. oxysporum)、大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae) 36211也有一定的抑制作用,抑制率在20%左右;NWSUAF303菌株对网孢脉孢菌(N. dictyophora)和核盘菌(S. sclerotiorum)无抑制作用(图2B2C)。
与NWSUAF303菌株分泌的非挥发性物质相比,NWSUAF303菌株分泌的挥发性有机化合物对病原真菌的抑制效果更好(图3A)。NWSUAF303菌株分泌的VOCs完全抑制了核盘菌(S. sclerotiorum)菌丝的生长,抑制率达到95%以上;其次是大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae) 592,抑制率为89.27%;NWSUAF303菌株对大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae) 36928、假禾谷镰孢菌(F. pseudograminearum)、网孢脉孢菌(N. dictyophora)和辣椒疫霉菌(P. capsici)也有较好的抑制效果,抑制率分别为68.85%、52.52%、46.33%和40.03%;NWSUAF303菌株不能抑制尖孢镰孢菌(F. oxysporum)和大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae) 36211的生长(图3B3C)。此外,NWSUAF303菌株分泌的挥发性有机化合物能够显著降低大丽轮枝菌毒力基因VdPR1VdpfVdGAL4的表达,但对VdCYP1VdBre1VDAG-09554VDAG-04573这4个毒力基因的表达无显著影响(图4)。综上所述,NWSUAF303菌株分泌的次级代谢产物具有较为广泛的抑菌谱,说明其在植物真菌性病害的生物防治中具有一定的应用前景。
为了分析NWSUAF303菌株的拮抗挥发性有机化合物,使用顶空固相微萃取气质联用法检测了NWSUAF303菌株分泌的挥发性有机化合物。此次共检测出389个挥发性有机化合物,有显著差异的物质139种,其中显著上调的物质106种,显著下调的物质33种。根据检测结果购买相对含量较高的化合物的标准试剂,调整试剂浓度0.05-0.20 μL/mL (化合物体积/空间体积),使用平板对扣法检测具体的拮抗物质。本研究共筛选到3种拮抗物质,即2,3-丁二酮(2,3-butanedione)、2-壬醇(2-nonanol)和6-甲基-2-庚醇(6-methyl-2-heptanol) (图5)。6-甲基-2-庚醇的抑菌活性最好,EC50为0.065 4 μL/mL;其次是2,3-丁二酮,EC50为0.095 8 μL/mL;最后是2-壬醇,其EC50为0.116 7 μL/mL。
在室内条件下,对照组棉花的病情指数为64.44,NWSUAF303菌株处理组棉花的病情指数为29.38,防治效果为54.40%;多菌灵处理组棉花的病情指数为26.08,防治效果为59.53% (图6A6B)。此外,NWSUAF303菌株还能显著降低棉花茎中大丽轮枝菌的生物量(图6C)。
通过对棉花根部基因定量发现,NWSUAF303菌株能够显著提高参与苯丙氨酸代谢途径的基因GhPAL (1.5倍)、Gh4CL (1.4倍)、几丁质基因GhCHI (1.8倍)、病程相关蛋白基因GhPR1 (1.3倍)、参与水杨酸(salicylic acid, SA)信号转导基因GhEDS1 (2.3倍)及参与茉莉酸(jasmonic acid, JA)信号通路相关基因GhAOS (1.9倍)等植物防御基因的表达,说明NWSUAF303菌株能够通过这些途径提高棉花对黄萎病的抗性(图6D6E)。
接种NWSUAF303菌株后棉花防御相关酶的活性检测发现,在接种大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae) 592孢子液后,NWSUAF303菌株处理组棉花的POD活性呈一直上升的趋势,总体活性一直高于对照组(图6F);NWSUAF303菌株处理组棉花的SOD和PPO活性呈先下降后上升的趋势,其中SOD活性一直高于对照组,而PPO活性则只在一段时间内高于对照组(图6G6H)。
近年来的研究表明,假单胞菌属能定殖在植物根部,并通过代谢产物促进植物生长和提高植物抗病性[26]。本研究中,NWSUAF303菌株表现出溶磷、固氮及IAA合成能力。这些功能与假单胞菌作为促生菌的典型特性一致,为提高植物生长效率提供了可能[27]
NWSUAF303菌株分泌的非挥发性物质对6种植物病原真菌都有一定的抑制作用,但抑制率较低,抑制效果最好的大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae) 592抑制率仅有43.98%,说明NWSUAF303菌株分泌的非挥发性物质可能不是其主要的抑菌物质。相比之下,NWSUAF303菌株分泌的挥发性有机化合物展现出更广谱且高效的抑菌活性,尤其是对核盘菌的完全抑制(>95%)以及对大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae) 592的高抑制率(89.27%)。挥发性有机化合物的作用机制之一是破坏细胞壁和细胞膜的结构,导致微生物细胞形态发生变化和细胞内容物泄漏[28],因此NWSUAF303菌株挥发性有机化合物抑菌的高效性可能与其气态扩散特性有关,使其更容易穿透菌丝或孢子结构。进一步研究发现,NWSUAF303菌株的挥发性有机化合物显著下调了大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae) 592毒力基因VdPR1VdpfVdGAL4的表达。这些基因通过各种方式调节大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae)的致病性,VdPR1是一个多方面的基因,参与调控大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae)的生长发育和早期感染[29]Vdpf编码真菌特异性转录因子参与调节大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae)微菌核形成和分生孢子产生[30]VdGAL4编码α-半乳糖苷酶调节大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae)菌丝生长、分生孢子形态和微菌核形成[31]
通过GC-MS分析,NWSUAF303菌株的挥发性有机化合物中鉴定出2,3-丁二酮、2-壬醇和6-甲基-2-庚醇为抑制大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae) 592的关键成分。其中,6-甲基-2-庚醇的EC50最低(0.065 4 μL/mL),表明其抑菌活性最强。已有研究表明,2-壬醇和6-甲基-2-庚醇对大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae)具有抑制作用[32],但尚无研究报道过2,3-丁二酮有抗大丽轮枝菌(V. dahliae)的活性。2,3-丁二酮常被用作食品添加剂和食品香精的重要成分,研究表明2,3-丁二酮能够抑制引起枸杞采后果实腐烂的真菌病原菌,从而延长了新鲜枸杞果实的贮藏时间,但目前关于其抗真菌作用的机制尚不清楚[33]。这些化合物的协同作用可能是NWSUAF303菌株广谱抑菌的重要基础。
NWSUAF303菌株处理显著降低了棉花黄萎病的病情指数(29.38 vs. 对照64.44),其防效(54.40%)接近化学杀菌剂多菌灵(59.53%),且显著降低了大丽轮枝菌在棉花茎部的生物量。研究显示,NWSUAF303菌株显著上调了棉花苯丙氨酸代谢途径基因(GhPALGh4CL)、几丁质酶基因(GhCHI)和病程相关蛋白基因(PR1)等植物防御基因的表达。近年研究表明,苯丙氨酸代谢途径不仅参与木质素合成,还可能通过调控植物次生代谢物(如酚类化合物)直接抑制病原菌的侵染[34-35]。SA及JA信号通路在植物应对生物胁迫中发挥着重要作用[36-37]。NWSUAF303菌株显著提高了SA信号通路基因GhEDS1 (2.3倍)和JA通路基因GhAOS (1.9倍)的表达,说明NWSUAF303菌株通过激活棉花的SA和JA信号通路以提高棉花对黄萎病的抗性。
NWSUAF303菌株处理显著提高了棉花根部POD、SOD和PPO的活性。POD和SOD是清除活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)的关键酶,其活性增强可减轻病原侵染引发的氧化损伤。PPO的激活可能通过催化酚类物质氧化生成醌类化合物,醌类物质进一步与其他化合物反应生成黑色素,黑色素可以防止病原体传播,从而达到抗病的目的[38]。这种早期防御响应的特征与植物模式触发免疫(pattern-triggered immunity, PTI)的快速激活机制相似[39],提示NWSUAF303菌株可能通过模拟病原相关分子模式(pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs)触发宿主的先天免疫反应。
尽管NWSUAF303菌株在实验室条件下表现出良好的抗病效果,其在田间复杂环境中的稳定性和适应性仍需进一步研究。此外,未来可以探索NWSUAF303菌株与其他生防菌或生物制剂的协同作用,以进一步提高其病害防治效果。通过深入研究NWSUAF303菌株代谢物的调控机制以及与植物互作的动态过程,为其实际应用提供更加科学的依据。
本研究揭示了内生假单胞菌Pseudomonas alvandae NWSUAF303对棉花黄萎病的生物防治潜力及其作用机制。在该菌株分泌的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)中,2,3-丁二酮、2-壬醇和6-甲基-2-庚醇为关键抑菌成分。VOCs不仅对大丽轮枝菌592表现出89.27%的抑制率,还可显著下调其毒力基因VdPR1VdpfVdGAL4的表达,从而削弱病原菌的致病性。菌株NWSUAF303通过激活棉花SA/JA信号通路,上调防御基因GhPALGh4CLGhCHI的表达,并协同增强POD、PPO和SOD活性,显著提升棉花的系统抗性。盆栽试验表明,NWSUAF303菌株对黄萎病的防治效果可达54.40%,与化学杀菌剂多菌灵相当。此外,该菌株兼具固氮、溶磷及产IAA等促生功能,且对核盘菌等7种病原真菌具有广谱抑制活性。本研究为棉花黄萎病的绿色防控提供了兼具高效抑菌与促生潜能的优良菌种资源,其VOCs的协同作用机制及田间适应性值得进一步探索。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32330004)
  • 国家自然科学基金(32170130)
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2025年第65卷第9期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250122
  • 接收时间:2025-02-20
  • 首发时间:2026-02-07
  • 出版时间:2025-09-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-20
  • 录用日期:2025-04-10
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32330004)
国家自然科学基金(32330004)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170130)
国家自然科学基金(32170130)
作者信息
    1 西北农林科技大学 生命科学学院,作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室,陕西省农业与环境微生物重点实验室,陕西 杨凌
    2 塔里木大学 生命科学与技术学院,塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室培育基地,新疆 阿拉尔
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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