Article(id=1226956555459933009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226956547847275311, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250123, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1739980800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1743004800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-03-27, onlineDate=1770458838572, onlineDateStr=2026-02-07, pubDate=1756915200000, pubDateStr=2025-09-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770458838572, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770458838572, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770458838572, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226956547847275311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='9', pageStart='3821', pageEnd='4232', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770458836757, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770459153781, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226957877613605816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226956547847275311, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226957877613605817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226956547847275311, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3975, endPage=3991, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226956556814693219, articleId=1226956555459933009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Fermented soybean meal relieves constipation induced by loperamide hydrochloride in mice, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To study the relieving effects and potential mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DY6 and the soybean meal fermented with this strain on constipation in mice and to develop non-toxic feed additives with probiotic potential. [Methods] Constipation was induced in male BALB/c mice by gavege of loperamide hydrochloride. The modeled mice underwent long-term feeding with the soybean meal fermented with DY6 or gavage with DY6 suspension. Linaclotide served as the positive control. We then systematically assessed the effects of fermented soybean meal on intestinal functions, immune factors, metabolic profiles, and gut microbiota in constipated mice. [Results] Compared with the model group, long-term intake of the soybean meal fermented with DY6 increased fecal moisture content and intestinal motility (P<0.05), ameliorated goblet cell reduction and lymphocyte aggregation in the colon tissue, lowered the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (P<0.05), and elevated the fecal levels of acetic acid and butyric acid (P<0.01). The fermented soybean meal modulated the gut microbiota structure. Specifically, the significantly enriched probiotics Odoribacter and Blautia were positively correlated with indicators of relieving constipation, while the significantly reduced pathogenic bacteria Helicobacter and Colidextribacter were negatively correlated with indicators of relieving constipation. [Conclusion] The soybean meal fermented with DY6 alleviates constipation by modulating the gut microbiota structure and metabolic profiles, restoring intestinal electrolyte homeostasis, and suppressing inflammation-associated signaling pathways. This intervention establishes novel applications and a theoretical framework for developing functional biological feed additives capable of both preventing and managing constipation in animals.

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【目的】 探究植物乳植杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) DY6及其发酵豆粕对便秘小鼠的缓解作用及潜在机制,寻找一种绿色安全的生物饲料添加剂。 【方法】 采用盐酸洛哌丁胺构建小鼠便秘模型,通过长期饲喂DY6发酵豆粕饲料和灌胃DY6菌液2种干预方式,以利那洛肽为阳性对照,系统评估发酵豆粕对便秘小鼠肠道功能、免疫因子、代谢产物及微生物群落的影响。 【结果】 与便秘模型组相比,长期摄入DY6发酵豆粕饲料能显著提高粪便含水率、肠道蠕动能力(P<0.05),改善结肠组织杯状细胞减少和淋巴细胞聚集现象,显著降低血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6)和血管活性肠肽(vasoactive intestinal peptide, VIP)水平(P<0.05),显著增加粪便中乙酸和丁酸含量(P<0.01)。属水平显著差异物种与便秘理化指标相关性分析显示,DY6发酵豆粕饲料显著增加的臭气杆菌属(Odoribacter)和布劳特氏菌属(Blautia)等益生菌与缓解便秘的指标呈正相关,显著降低的致病菌螺杆菌属(Helicobacter)和Colidextribacter与缓解便秘的指标呈负相关。 【结论】 DY6发酵豆粕饲料通过调节肠道微生物及其代谢产物,调控肠腔内电解质平衡,抑制炎症相关信号通路,进而改善便秘症状,为开发具有防治动物便秘的功能性生物饲料添加剂提供了新的应用形式和理论依据。

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作者贡献声明

房舒琪:研究构思与设计,论文撰写和修改;刘静宇:样品采集与处理;杨小雁:数据收集;卢艳波:数据处理;毛银:研究指导与文章审阅;邓禹:研究构思与指导。

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Journal of Translational Medicine, 2024, 22(1): 98., articleTitle=The gut microbiota participates in the effect of linaclotide in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C): a multicenter, prospective, pre-post study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1226964062219710592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, awardId=2022CXPT042, language=EN, fundingSource=Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province(2022CXPT042), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226964062316179591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, awardId=2022CXPT042, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省重点研发计划(2022CXPT042), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226964062429425805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, awardId=2021AB13022, language=EN, fundingSource=Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(2021AB13022), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226964062521700499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, awardId=2021AB13022, language=CN, fundingSource=广西壮族自治区重点研发计划(2021AB13022), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226964053126460035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964053139042951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, companyId=1226964053126460035, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964053147431560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, companyId=1226964053126460035, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 江南大学 生物工程学院,江苏 无锡)]), AuthorCompany(id=1226964053252289169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964053264872083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, companyId=1226964053252289169, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Shandong Bohi Oils and Fats Industry Co. , Ltd. , Shandong Bohi Industry Co. , Ltd. , Binzhou, Shandong, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964053273260693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, companyId=1226964053252289169, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 山东渤海实业集团有限公司,山东渤海油脂工业有限公司,山东 滨州)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1226964058079933381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Body food intake (A) and weight (B) in constipated mice. Compared with the normal group, #: P<0.05, ##: P<0.01; Compared with the LPDA group, *: P<0.05, **: P<0.01., figureFileSmall=C4Ykd2nca09Fsi0MPpruWA==, figureFileBig=l2+qRT1lUYICAGstMpg8CQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964058188985295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=CN, label=图1, caption=便秘小鼠的摄食量(A)和体重(B), figureFileSmall=C4Ykd2nca09Fsi0MPpruWA==, figureFileBig=l2+qRT1lUYICAGstMpg8CQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964059589882842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Routine indicators of constipation. Compared with the normal group, ##: P<0.01, ###: P<0.001, ####: P<0.000 1; Compared with the LPDA group, *: P<0.05, **: P<0.01, ***: P<0.001., figureFileSmall=b+NE96E47tNsXTeASzSrng==, figureFileBig=zt11/KkpLYmOjWgtaldxxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964059686351838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=CN, label=图2, caption=便秘相关常规指标, figureFileSmall=b+NE96E47tNsXTeASzSrng==, figureFileBig=zt11/KkpLYmOjWgtaldxxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964059833152488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Levels of gastrointestinal regulatory peptides in serum of constipated mice. A: MTL; B: VIP. Compared with the normal group, ####: P<0.000 1; Compared with the LPDA group, *: P<0.05, ***: P<0.001, ****: P<0.000 1., figureFileSmall=CZTLQNJAHbt1IdGwW2qHkw==, figureFileBig=KuxzowKc1d7TlAymRFuiUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964059933815789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=CN, label=图3, caption=便秘小鼠血清中胃肠调节肽水平, figureFileSmall=CZTLQNJAHbt1IdGwW2qHkw==, figureFileBig=KuxzowKc1d7TlAymRFuiUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964060076422136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=H&E staining and pathological scoring of colon tissue slices. A, B, C, D, and E show representative photomicrographs of H&E-stained colon tissue sections from the Normal, LPDA, DY6-F, DY6-T, and LNLT-T groups, respectively, observed under a microscope at 10× magnification; F, G, H, I, and J show representative photomicrographs of H&E-stained colon tissue sections from the Normal, LPDA, DY6-F, DY6-T, and LNLT-T groups, respectively, observed under a microscope at 20× magnification. K: Colon tissue histopathology score. Compared with the normal group, ###: P<0.001; Compared with the LPDA group, ***: P<0.001., figureFileSmall=m7Ak60df15v0UgIDfrEZzw==, figureFileBig=vZnB6wTfa7UKzq2Cg6y/0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964060210639871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=CN, label=图4, caption=结肠组织切片H&E染色及病理学评分。A、B、C、D和E分别为Normal、LPDA、DY6-F、DY6-T和LNLT-T组结肠组织切片H&E染色后在显微镜下放大10倍的照片;F、G、H、I和J分别为Normal、LPDA、DY6-F、DY6-T和LNLT-T组结肠组织切片H&E染色后在显微镜下放大20倍的照片。K:结肠组织病理学评分。, figureFileSmall=m7Ak60df15v0UgIDfrEZzw==, figureFileBig=vZnB6wTfa7UKzq2Cg6y/0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964060302913542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Levels of inflammatory factors in serum of constipated mice. A: TNF-α; B: IL-6. Compared with the normal group, ###: P<0.001, ####: P<0.000 1; Compared with the LPDA group, *: P<0.05, **: P<0.01., figureFileSmall=CFho4qVcsDd06kd5Uc2jwQ==, figureFileBig=O/ot1640jgOPjkH9afmWpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964060445519888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=CN, label=图5, caption=便秘小鼠血清中炎症因子水平, figureFileSmall=CFho4qVcsDd06kd5Uc2jwQ==, figureFileBig=O/ot1640jgOPjkH9afmWpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964060554571800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces of constipated mice. A: Acetic acid; B: Propionic acid; C: Butyric acid; D: Valproic acid. Compared with the normal group, #: P<0.05, ##: P<0.01, ###: P<0.001; Compared with the LPDA group, *: P<0.05, **: P<0.01, ***: P<0.001., figureFileSmall=oWVOvQu2NyvFlwnVmsvzwQ==, figureFileBig=Q+gt/95zQ5gAIL5+apVeRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964060697178150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=CN, label=图6, caption=便秘小鼠粪便中短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)的含量, figureFileSmall=oWVOvQu2NyvFlwnVmsvzwQ==, figureFileBig=Q+gt/95zQ5gAIL5+apVeRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964060818812974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Species composition of the gut microbiota at the genus level., figureFileSmall=ylIrDjQD1W38TBmV4WVYNQ==, figureFileBig=vJolmNcKtImtURoRmbWnlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964060932059189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=CN, label=图7, caption=肠道菌群在属水平上的物种组成, figureFileSmall=ylIrDjQD1W38TBmV4WVYNQ==, figureFileBig=vJolmNcKtImtURoRmbWnlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964061036916799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Species that differ at the genus level. A: Normal vs. LPDA; B: LPPA vs. DY6-F; C: LPDA vs. DY6T; D: LPPA vs. LNLT-T. Compared with the normal group, #: P<0.05, ##: P<0.01, ###: P<0.001, ####: P<0.000 1; Compared with the LPDA group, *: P<0.05, **: P<0.01, ***: P<0.001, ****: P<0.000 1., figureFileSmall=NeVBLfR4gjUvpM8UH/fbAw==, figureFileBig=iIHzYARoC2lmcSRi71o7Vw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964061137580099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=CN, label=图8, caption=属水平差异物种, figureFileSmall=NeVBLfR4gjUvpM8UH/fbAw==, figureFileBig=iIHzYARoC2lmcSRi71o7Vw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964061296963660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Correlation analysis of genus level differences between species and physicochemical indexes of constipation., figureFileSmall=tTxybUzLn6umayatwezGUQ==, figureFileBig=ADZ4OXwWBQZeQ9tAqem7Jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964061426987097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=CN, label=图9, caption=属水平差异物种与便秘理化指标相关性分析, figureFileSmall=tTxybUzLn6umayatwezGUQ==, figureFileBig=ADZ4OXwWBQZeQ9tAqem7Jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964061552816227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

H&E section pathology score

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Istopathological alterationsScoreDescriptions
Lesion involvement0Normal colonic architecture with preserved epithelial integrity and intact crypts
1Lesion involvement ranging from 1% to 25%
2Lesion involvement ranging from 26% to 50%
3Lesion involvement ranging from 51% to 75%
4Lesion involvement ranging from 76% to 100%
Lesion depth0Absence of inflammatory infiltrate
1Inflammatory infiltration is confined to the mucosal layer
2Inflammatory infiltration is extended to the submucosal layer
3Inflammatory infiltration is extended to the muscular layer
Muscular layer thickness0The thickness of the colon muscular layer is normal
1The thickness of the colon muscular layer decreased
), ArticleFig(id=1226964061670256748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

H&E切片病理学评分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Istopathological alterationsScoreDescriptions
Lesion involvement0Normal colonic architecture with preserved epithelial integrity and intact crypts
1Lesion involvement ranging from 1% to 25%
2Lesion involvement ranging from 26% to 50%
3Lesion involvement ranging from 51% to 75%
4Lesion involvement ranging from 76% to 100%
Lesion depth0Absence of inflammatory infiltrate
1Inflammatory infiltration is confined to the mucosal layer
2Inflammatory infiltration is extended to the submucosal layer
3Inflammatory infiltration is extended to the muscular layer
Muscular layer thickness0The thickness of the colon muscular layer is normal
1The thickness of the colon muscular layer decreased
), ArticleFig(id=1226964061787697266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Alpha diversity analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupShannon indexChao1 indexACE index
Normal3.72±0.21531.53±13.74527.55±3.94
LPDA2.65±0.46#488.50±27.58489.63±27.93
DY6-F4.06±0.14*519.49±1.42514.51±9.91
DY6-T4.14±0.09**520.25±3.89510.69±3.27
LNLT-T3.28±0.15506.86±3.77507.23±0.79
), ArticleFig(id=1226964062005801080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956555459933009, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

α多样性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupShannon indexChao1 indexACE index
Normal3.72±0.21531.53±13.74527.55±3.94
LPDA2.65±0.46#488.50±27.58489.63±27.93
DY6-F4.06±0.14*519.49±1.42514.51±9.91
DY6-T4.14±0.09**520.25±3.89510.69±3.27
LNLT-T3.28±0.15506.86±3.77507.23±0.79
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发酵豆粕对盐酸洛哌丁胺诱导小鼠便秘的缓解作用
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房舒琪 1 , 刘静宇 1 , 杨小雁 2 , 卢艳波 2 , 毛银 1 , 邓禹 1
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(9): 3975-3991
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(9): 3975-3991
发酵豆粕对盐酸洛哌丁胺诱导小鼠便秘的缓解作用
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房舒琪1, 刘静宇1, 杨小雁2, 卢艳波2, 毛银1, 邓禹1
作者信息
  • 1 江南大学 生物工程学院,江苏 无锡
  • 2 山东渤海实业集团有限公司,山东渤海油脂工业有限公司,山东 滨州
Fermented soybean meal relieves constipation induced by loperamide hydrochloride in mice
Shuqi FANG1, Jingyu LIU1, Xiaoyan YANG2, Yanbo LU2, Yin MAO1, Yu DENG1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
  • 2 Shandong Bohi Oils and Fats Industry Co. , Ltd. , Shandong Bohi Industry Co. , Ltd. , Binzhou, Shandong, China
出版时间: 2025-09-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250123
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【目的】 探究植物乳植杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) DY6及其发酵豆粕对便秘小鼠的缓解作用及潜在机制,寻找一种绿色安全的生物饲料添加剂。 【方法】 采用盐酸洛哌丁胺构建小鼠便秘模型,通过长期饲喂DY6发酵豆粕饲料和灌胃DY6菌液2种干预方式,以利那洛肽为阳性对照,系统评估发酵豆粕对便秘小鼠肠道功能、免疫因子、代谢产物及微生物群落的影响。 【结果】 与便秘模型组相比,长期摄入DY6发酵豆粕饲料能显著提高粪便含水率、肠道蠕动能力(P<0.05),改善结肠组织杯状细胞减少和淋巴细胞聚集现象,显著降低血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6)和血管活性肠肽(vasoactive intestinal peptide, VIP)水平(P<0.05),显著增加粪便中乙酸和丁酸含量(P<0.01)。属水平显著差异物种与便秘理化指标相关性分析显示,DY6发酵豆粕饲料显著增加的臭气杆菌属(Odoribacter)和布劳特氏菌属(Blautia)等益生菌与缓解便秘的指标呈正相关,显著降低的致病菌螺杆菌属(Helicobacter)和Colidextribacter与缓解便秘的指标呈负相关。 【结论】 DY6发酵豆粕饲料通过调节肠道微生物及其代谢产物,调控肠腔内电解质平衡,抑制炎症相关信号通路,进而改善便秘症状,为开发具有防治动物便秘的功能性生物饲料添加剂提供了新的应用形式和理论依据。

植物乳植杆菌DY6  /  发酵豆粕  /  便秘  /  肠道微生物

[Objective] To study the relieving effects and potential mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DY6 and the soybean meal fermented with this strain on constipation in mice and to develop non-toxic feed additives with probiotic potential. [Methods] Constipation was induced in male BALB/c mice by gavege of loperamide hydrochloride. The modeled mice underwent long-term feeding with the soybean meal fermented with DY6 or gavage with DY6 suspension. Linaclotide served as the positive control. We then systematically assessed the effects of fermented soybean meal on intestinal functions, immune factors, metabolic profiles, and gut microbiota in constipated mice. [Results] Compared with the model group, long-term intake of the soybean meal fermented with DY6 increased fecal moisture content and intestinal motility (P<0.05), ameliorated goblet cell reduction and lymphocyte aggregation in the colon tissue, lowered the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (P<0.05), and elevated the fecal levels of acetic acid and butyric acid (P<0.01). The fermented soybean meal modulated the gut microbiota structure. Specifically, the significantly enriched probiotics Odoribacter and Blautia were positively correlated with indicators of relieving constipation, while the significantly reduced pathogenic bacteria Helicobacter and Colidextribacter were negatively correlated with indicators of relieving constipation. [Conclusion] The soybean meal fermented with DY6 alleviates constipation by modulating the gut microbiota structure and metabolic profiles, restoring intestinal electrolyte homeostasis, and suppressing inflammation-associated signaling pathways. This intervention establishes novel applications and a theoretical framework for developing functional biological feed additives capable of both preventing and managing constipation in animals.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DY6  /  fermented soybean meal  /  constipation  /  gut microbiota
房舒琪, 刘静宇, 杨小雁, 卢艳波, 毛银, 邓禹. 发酵豆粕对盐酸洛哌丁胺诱导小鼠便秘的缓解作用. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (9) : 3975 -3991 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250123
Shuqi FANG, Jingyu LIU, Xiaoyan YANG, Yanbo LU, Yin MAO, Yu DENG. Fermented soybean meal relieves constipation induced by loperamide hydrochloride in mice[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (9) : 3975 -3991 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250123
随着现代畜牧业的集约化发展,饲料配方同质化、环境应激源增多以及规模化养殖模式导致动物便秘的发病率持续升高。有研究发现奶牛便秘会出现瘤胃酸中毒,导致产奶量和质量下降[1]。猪便秘会引发直肠脱垂、疝气和尿路感染等相关疾病,导致体重下降甚至死亡[2]。目前药物注射治疗(如促分泌剂利那洛肽)仍是便秘的主要治疗手段,但存在靶点单一、长期使用易引发受体脱敏或电解质紊乱、腹泻等副作用[3]。此外,化学药物的残留问题也威胁着食品安全[4]。因此开发兼具多靶点调控功能与生态安全性的生物饲料添加剂成为解决动物便秘的重要突破口。
大量研究发现,植物乳植杆菌对便秘具有良好的防治效果。Chen等[5]研究表明,植物乳植杆菌PS128通过上调肠黏膜黏蛋白MUC2表达、增强色氨酸羟化酶1 (tryptophan hydroxylase, Tph1)介导的血清素(serotonin, 5-HT)生物合成及肠道5-HT阳性细胞数量,从而协同促进肠道黏液分泌、肠道蠕动及粪便排出,改善便秘。Liu等[6]研究表明,植物乳植杆菌TWK10及其发酵豆浆均能够通过调节肠道神经递质、短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acid, SCFAs)和肠道微生物群来缓解便秘。然而,在实际应用中,益生菌的干预效果高度依赖于菌株特异性和宿主肠道微环境,不当应用可能会加剧肠道渗透压异常和代谢网络失调[7],因此限制了其规模化应用。自2020年农业农村部提出养殖业和饲料业“禁抗”号令后,益生菌发酵豆粕成为不可或缺的替代产品。发酵豆粕以其适用范围广、成本低、流通性强、益生效果显著等优势为养殖业动物肠道健康调控提供了新思路。豆粕经益生菌发酵后可生成短链脂肪酸、活性肽、游离氨基酸等物质,不仅提升了饲料的适口性,还能通过调节肠神经活性与平滑肌收缩频率影响肠道运动功能[8]。已有研究表明,发酵豆粕在缓解畜禽氧化应激、增强免疫应答方面效果显著[9],但其对便秘的调控作用及益生机制仍待深入探究。
本实验室前期筛选获得的一株植物乳植杆菌DY6,具有生长速率快、产酸能力强、代谢产物丰富等特点[10],在体外模拟胃肠液中表现出较高的存活率[11];此外,在前期的体内实验研究中发现,使用DY6及其发酵豆粕干预能够改善小鼠结肠炎,恢复结肠组织的黏膜损伤[12]。本研究使用洛哌丁胺诱导小鼠便秘,以利那洛肽药物作为阳性对照,进一步探究了植物乳植杆菌DY6及其发酵豆粕对肠道蠕动、组织修复及菌群-宿主共代谢网络的调控能力,以期为开发低残留、高适配性的功能性饲料提供理论参考。
本研究所用动物均来自江南大学动物实验中心,许可证编号为SYXK(苏)2021-0056。实验动物为7周龄的无特定病原体(specific pathogen free, SPF)级雄性BALB/c小鼠,购自斯贝福(北京)生物技术有限公司。动物实验方案由江南大学实验动物伦理委员会批准,批准号:JN.No20231130b0300107[574]。
植物乳植杆菌DY6为本实验室保藏。
盐酸洛哌丁胺胶囊,西安杨森制药有限公司;利那洛肽胶囊,阿斯利康制药有限公司;活性碳粉,苏州炭旋风活性炭有限公司;阿拉伯胶,山东嘉瑞源生物科技有限公司;TNF-α、IL-6、胃动素(motilin, MTL)和VIP,上海酶联生物科技有限公司。
分光光度计、气相色谱仪,Shimadzu公司;高速冷冻离心机,赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司;酶标仪,BioTek公司;真空冷冻干燥机,宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司。
将风干的豆粕、DY6种子液(3%-5%)、蛋白酶(>1 800 U/g)、水(50%)、糖蜜(3%)和酵母粉(3%)混合均匀后置于无菌自封袋中,置于37 ℃培养箱中厌氧发酵48 h,随后在55 ℃烘干。将动物实验中心提供的基础饲料中的普通豆粕替换为DY6发酵豆粕(此后称为DY6饲料),由江苏省协同医药生物工程有限责任公司定制[13]。上述配方中百分数代表每种成分占豆粕总质量的百分数。
将小鼠随机分成5组,分别为空白组(Normal)、模型组(LPDA)、DY6饲料组(DY6-F)、DY6菌悬液治疗组(DY6-T)和利那洛肽治疗组(LNLT-T),每组6只,共计30只小鼠。适应性喂养7 d后进入干预期。干预期持续21 d,其间DY6-F组饲喂DY6饲料直至实验结束,其他组饲喂正常饲料。第8天开始造模期并持续 2周,造模药物为洛哌丁胺10 mg/kg bw,除Normal组小鼠外,其余小鼠均灌胃0.25 mL洛哌丁胺。第21天开始治疗期并持续1周,每天给DY6-T (1×109 CFU/mL)和LNLT-T (100 μg/kg)组小鼠分别灌胃0.25 mL相应浓度的菌液或药物,Normal、LPDA和DY6-F组则每天灌胃0.25 mL生理盐水。在整个干预期间每3 d称量小鼠的体重及检测摄食量。
提前12 h对小鼠进行禁食不禁水处理,给每只小鼠灌胃0.25 mL配制好的墨汁(含5%阿拉伯树胶和5%活性炭粉),并记录灌胃时间。灌胃结束后,将小鼠分别单独放置于洁净笼盒中,记录墨汁从灌入体内至排出第一粒黑色粪便的时间,即为首粒黑便时间。
收集小鼠排出的新鲜粪便于干燥洁净的离心管中,称量粪便的湿重,放入真空冷冻干燥机干燥24 h后封口称重,记为粪便干重。粪便含水率计算如公式(1)所示。
粪便含水=粪便湿重-粪便干重粪便湿重×100%
造模结束后,在解剖小鼠的前1天晚上对小鼠进行禁食不禁水12 h的处理。在动物实验的最后1天,每只小鼠灌胃0.25 mL墨汁,30 min后麻醉小鼠并立即进行眼球取血。解剖时,将幽门至胃部平铺,测量小肠总长度(从胃部至盲肠上端的长度)和墨汁推进距离(从胃部至墨汁最前端的距离),小肠推进率计算如公式(2)所示。
小肠推进=墨汁推进距离小肠总长×100%
将小鼠麻醉脱颈处死后,取结肠放于4%多聚甲醛中固定24 h,脱水后进行石蜡包埋、切片,并用苏木精-伊红(H&E)染色,最后将切片置于光学显微镜上观察其结构,按照表1对结肠组织进行病理学评分[14]
使用ELISA试剂盒检测小鼠血清中胃肠调节肽(MTL、VIP)及炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-6)含量。通过绘制标准曲线计算浓度。
称取约50 mg小鼠粪便于500 μL饱和氯化钠溶液中,冰上静置15 min后,使用匀浆仪充分破碎,然后加入20 μL 10%稀硫酸,振荡混匀充分酸化。将样品转移至通风橱内,向其中加入800 μL乙醚萃取样品中的短链脂肪酸,振荡混匀后在4 ℃、12 000 r/min离心10 min以沉淀杂质。吸取上清经过0.22 μm滤膜过滤于气相小瓶中,使用气相色谱仪分析测定,利用外标法计算SCFAs的含量。
气相色谱分析条件:Stabilwax色谱柱(30 m×0.32 mm,0.5 µm);载气为氦气,流速为2 mL/min,进样体积设置为1 μL,分流比为10:1。升温程序按如下参数进行:起始温度为100 ℃,按7.5 ℃/min升温至140 ℃,然后再按60 ℃/min升温至200 ℃,保持3 min,离子化温度为220 ℃[15]
将收集到的小鼠粪便送至生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司,按照E.Z.N.A Mag-Bind Soil DNA Kit (BioTek公司)说明书提取总DNA。以检测合格的DNA为模板,进行粪便细菌16S rRNA基因V3-V4区的PCR扩增,其中上游引物为341F (5ʹ-CCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG-3ʹ),下游引物为805R (5ʹ-GACTACHVGGGTATCTA ATCC-3ʹ)。PCR扩增体系(30 μL):2×Hieff® Robust PCR Master Mix 15 μL,上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)各1 μL,DNA模板1 μL,ddH2O 12 μL。PCR反应条件:94 ℃预变性3 min;94 ℃变性30 s,45 ℃退火20 s,65 ℃延伸30 s,5个循环;94 ℃变性20 s,55 ℃退火20 s,72 ℃延伸30 s,20个循环;72 ℃终延伸5 min。PCR反应结束后,使用2%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测产物,并对合格的PCR产物进行磁珠纯化,收集纯化的PCR产物。随后,进行文库构建,并使用Qubit和qPCR方法对构建好的文库进行定量,文库合格后,使用Illumina测序平台进行测序。测序结果通过R语言软件进行分析和可视化。
本研究中所有数据采用平均数±标准差(mean±SD)表示,使用GraphPad Prism 9.5或R语言绘图。数据统计学方法采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)、独立样本t检验(Student’s t test)分析显著性。与LPDA组相比,*代表P<0.05,**代表P<0.01,***代表P<0.001,****代表P<0.000 1;与Normal组相比,#代表P<0.05,##代表P<0.01,###代表P<0.001,####代表P<0.000 1。
本研究观察到,Normal组小鼠在整个实验期间的摄食量、体重及活动量均表现正常。由图1发现,在造模期内与Normal组相比,LPDA、DY6-T和LNLT-T组小鼠的摄食量及体重均有所下降,这可能是由于连续灌胃盐酸洛哌丁胺后小鼠状态低迷,肠道内因粪便长时间滞留存在损伤,导致其食欲和营养吸收能力下降。因此,从第20天开始LPDA和DY6-T组小鼠的体重均显著低于Normal组(P<0.05)。杨夕缘等[16]在探究动物双歧杆菌乳亚种对便秘改善的研究中同样发现,在造模期内小鼠的体重有明显下降趋势,与本研究结果一致。DY6-F组在造模初期出现了短期的摄食量下降,但约3 d后逐渐回升,并在造模期结束时基本恢复至造模前水平。与此同时,DY6-F组的体重变化与摄食量变化趋势一致,在造模初期体重略有下降,但约1周后开始平稳回升。在第20天后,DY6-F组的体重显著高于LPDA组(P<0.05),并在治疗期结束时高于其他组。在治疗期内,LPDA、DY6-T和LNLT-T组小鼠的摄食量和体重均有所增加,但各组之间存在差异。治疗期结束时,LPDA和LNLT-T组小鼠的摄食量基本恢复至造模前水平,但体重仍低于造模前;而DY6-T组小鼠的摄食量和体重均高于造模前,显示出更好的恢复趋势,说明在连续干预DY6之后,DY6-T组小鼠的便秘得到改善,肠道舒适度和饥饿感提高,增加了其摄食量。同时,DY6也改善了便秘小鼠的肠道损伤和菌群紊乱,提高了机体对营养物质的消化吸收能力,体重增长速度也随之加快。此外,DY6-F组小鼠的摄食量和体重均高于Normal组(P>0.05),表明其在治疗过程中表现出更高的摄食积极性和体重增长。
DY6干预后治疗效果优于LNLT-T组的原因可能与DY6及其发酵产物的特性有关。DY6及其发酵饲料中含有乳酸、柠檬酸等多种有机酸和风味物质,这些成分提高了饲料的诱食性和适口性,从而促进了小鼠的摄食量和体重增长。这表明DY6及其发酵产物在进入小鼠肠道后,能够对便秘小鼠的摄食量和体重产生积极影响,并且这种效果优于LNLT-T组。
首粒黑便时间和小肠推进率反映了肠道的转运速度,而粪便含水率则反映了肠道对水分的重吸收能力,三者均为评估便秘的重要指标。由图2可以看到,与Normal组相比,在造模完成后LPDA组的首粒黑便时间显著增加(P<0.001),小肠推进率显著降低(P<0.000 1),粪便含水率显著下降(P<0.01),说明采用洛哌丁胺诱导的小鼠便秘模型造模成功。与LPDA组相比,DY6-F、DY6-T和LNLT-T组小鼠的小肠推进率和首粒黑便时间均得到显著改善(P<0.05),说明饲喂DY6饲料和进行DY6菌悬液干预都能够提高便秘小鼠的肠道蠕动能力。其中,DY6-F和DY6-T组缩短首粒黑便排出的时间与利那洛肽药物治疗后的效果相当。LPDA组粪便含水率下降反映出粪便干硬的便秘症状,而DY6-F、DY6-T和LNLT-T组的粪便含水率相较于LPDA组分别增加了29.81%、21.28%和26.73%,其中DY6-F组粪便含水率提升最多,基本恢复至Normal组水平。DY6-F组小鼠肠道蠕动能力和粪便含水率的提升可能是由于DY6饲料中的消化酶、小肽和游离氨基酸含量大大增加,减轻了便秘小鼠的消化压力,从而加速肠道蠕动和粪便排出。同时,DY6饲料中丰富的有机酸如短链脂肪酸能够调节肠道内电解质平衡,刺激肠上皮细胞分泌肠液[17],从而增加便秘小鼠的粪便含水率。
胃肠调节肽主要分为促进肠道收缩的兴奋性调节肽和松弛肠道平滑肌的抑制性调节肽。其中MTL作为主要的兴奋性胃肠激素,是由 22个氨基酸组成的直链多肽,能够通过刺激胃蛋白酶的产生来促进胃肠道的运动[18]。VIP是一种抑制性胃肠调节肽,主要支配结肠下行反射,可与血管活性肠肽受体1结合促进结肠周期性蠕动,但这些肠段的过度蠕动甚至痉挛会导致肠道推进能力的下降[19]。由图3可以看到,与Normal组相比,LPDA组的兴奋性胃肠调节肽MTL水平显著下降(P<0.000 1),而抑制性胃肠调节肽VIP水平显著升高(P<0.000 1),与Cai等[20]的研究结果相同。这说明洛哌丁胺导致肠道兴奋性动力不足、抑制性调控过度,降低了肠道蠕动能力,与上述小肠推进率显著降低、首粒黑便时间显著增加的结果一致。
与LPDA组相比,LNLT-T组显著增加了MTL (P<0.000 1),降低了VIP (P<0.001)的水平;DY6-F和DY6-T组显著降低了抑制性胃肠调节肽VIP的水平(P<0.05),但对兴奋性胃肠调节肽MTL水平的提升不具有显著性(P>0.05),这一结果与利那洛肽药物治疗组的差距较大。这可能是因为利那洛肽作为一种鸟苷酸环化酶激动剂,能够直接刺激肠上皮细胞内环磷酸鸟苷(cyclic guanosine monophosphate, cGMP)的产生和积累,增加肠道动力,从而提高MTL表达水平,降低造成过度抑制调控的VIP表达水平[21]。DY6对便秘小鼠的肠道作用机制更加复杂,其可能通过改善肠道菌群平衡和增强肠道屏障功能等方式来达到预防和治疗便秘的效果。
研究发现,在便秘状态下结肠组织的结构和功能会受到破坏,包括炎细胞浸润和黏膜层受损,从而加重对机体的危害[22]。结肠黏膜层中含有杯状细胞、水通道蛋白(aquaporin, AQPs)等与便秘密切相关的组分。其中,杯状细胞主要负责分泌黏液,AQPs参与肠道水分的吸收与转运,它们都能起到保护肠道黏膜并润滑粪便的作用[23-24]。因此,通过对结肠切片进行H&E染色,可以直观地观察到便秘小鼠结肠组织的结构与形态,从而直接判断植物乳植杆菌DY6及发酵豆粕饲料对便秘引发的肠道组织病理损伤的防治效果。
图4可以看出,LPDA组小鼠的组织病理学评分最高,其结肠内存在淋巴细胞聚集、炎症浸润的现象(红色箭头),并且从黏膜下层扩散到了肠腔内,导致隐窝和杯状细胞被破坏(绿色箭头),同时还有结肠肌肉层厚度下降的情况(蓝色箭头)。Jang等[25]的研究也表明,洛哌丁胺诱导小鼠便秘后会导致结肠上皮黏膜破坏,肌肉层厚度和隐窝分布水平降低。相比之下,DY6-F、DY6-T和LNLT-T组的组织病理学评分均显著降低(P<0.001),其结肠组织损伤程度也明显下降,肌肉层厚度更接近Normal组,隐窝腺体和杯状细胞基本恢复,但仍伴随少量的炎症细胞浸润。这说明长期食用DY6饲料对于恢复便秘小鼠的肠道黏膜和杯状细胞数量具有良好的治疗效果,与灌胃DY6菌悬液以及利那洛肽药物治疗的效果相当。研究表明,利那洛肽在治疗便秘时极易引发腹泻,同时还伴随着腹痛、头痛、呼吸道感染等副作用[26]。因此,将DY6发酵豆粕添加到动物饲料中,是一种经济又安全的防治便秘的方式。
根据上述结肠组织H&E染色结果,便秘小鼠体内存在一定程度的炎症反应,这可能会引发脓毒症等更严重的肠道疾病。研究表明,TNF-α和IL-6是2种关键的促炎细胞因子[27]。其中,TNF-α主要通过与肿瘤坏死因子受体1 (tumor necrosis factor receptor, TNFR1)和TNFR2结合,激活NF-κB和MAPK信号通路[28];IL-6则通过与glycoprotein 130 (gp130)受体结合,激活JAK/STAT3通路,进一步加剧炎症反应和促炎细胞因子的表达[29]。基于此,本研究测定了便秘小鼠血清中TNF-α和IL-6的表达水平。
图5可以看出,相较于Normal组,LPDA组小鼠的TNF-α (P<0.000 1)和IL-6 (P<0.001)表达量均显著增加,这与其结肠黏膜结构破坏、大量炎症细胞浸润的病理特征一致。在干预DY6后,DY6-F和DY6-T组小鼠的TNF-α表达量较LPDA组分别下降了15.33% (P<0.05)和26.05% (P<0.01),且与LNLT-T组(17.79%,P<0.01)效果相当。在抑制促炎细胞因子IL-6表达方面,饲喂DY6饲料(P<0.01)和给予DY6菌悬液(P<0.05) 的治疗效果均优于LNLT-T组(P>0.05)。根据上述结果推测,DY6饲料中富含的丰富SCFAs、乳酸和氨基酸等物质能够调节肠道菌群结构,减少脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)等炎症诱导物的产生[30],进而抑制TLR4/NF-κB等信号通路的激活,减少促炎细胞因子的表达,从而发挥抗炎作用[31]。此外,DY6饲料中大量的乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和小肽不仅能为肠道上皮细胞提供能量,增强肠道黏膜的完整性,减少炎症因子渗出,还能通过调节Th17/Treg细胞平衡,发挥抗炎作用[32-33]
SCFAs是多糖等复杂碳水化合物在肠道内代谢的产物,主要包括乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和戊酸等,被认为是便秘与肠道菌群联系的重要代谢产物。部分SCFAs (如乙酸、丙酸)可以作为三羧酸循环的底物产生能量[34]。He等[35]研究发现,丁酸含量的增加能够抑制卡氏间质细胞(interstitial cell of Cajal, ICC)丢失,增强肠道平滑肌收缩能力,从而改善肠道蠕动功能。
图6可以看出,相较于Normal组,LPDA组的乙酸(P<0.001)、丙酸(P<0.05)和丁酸(P<0.01)含量均显著下降,戊酸含量有所下降,但差异不显著。DY6-F组的乙酸(P<0.01)和丁酸(P<0.01)含量均比LPDA组显著增加,这可能是因为DY6饲料本身含有大量的乳酸、乙酸和丁酸等有机酸,在进入肠道后通过调节pH值进一步扩大了产生SCFAs的优势菌群。与LPDA组相比,DY6-T组(P<0.001)和LNLT-T组(P<0.05)均能显著增加乙酸的含量,但在丁酸含量的增加上,植物乳植杆菌DY6干预的效果优于利那洛肽。这也进一步说明DY6以其耐酸、耐胆盐的特点在肠道内定殖后,能够更有效地调节微生物平衡及其代谢物水平,通过增加丁酸含量增强ICC功能,从而显著改善便秘症状,且效果优于利那洛肽。
α多样性可以反映样本中微生物群落的丰富度和多样性。如表2所示,Shannon指数用于表征物种的丰富度和均匀度,LPDA组的Shannon指数相较于Normal组显著降低(P<0.05);与LPDA组相比,DY6-F (P<0.05)和DY6-T (P<0.01)组均显著增加了Shannon指数,而LNLT-T组的增加不具有显著性(P>0.05)。Chao1指数和ACE指数主要用于估计样本中包含的物种数量,与Normal组相比,各组便秘小鼠的Chao1指数和ACE指数均有所降低,但均无显著差异(P>0.05)。基于上述结果分析,植物乳植杆菌DY6干预后,一方面通过占据肠道黏附位点筛选优势菌群,减少了加剧便秘症状的致病菌;另一方面,通过分泌细菌素、有机酸来优化菌群结构和提高其均匀度,增强了菌群的整体功能和稳定性。
根据物种注释结果,选取每个分组在属水平上相对丰度排名前10的物种,生成物种相对丰度柱形堆积图,如图7所示。与Normal组相比,LPDA组小鼠的宿主关联乳杆菌属(Ligilactobacillus)、norank_Muribaculaceae、臭气杆菌属(Odoribacter)和Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group的相对丰度降低,而螺杆菌属(Helicobacter)的相对丰度增加。经利那洛肽药物干预后,与LPDA组相比,Ligilactobacillus和norank_Lachnospiraceae的相对丰度增加,norank_MuribaculaceaeOdoribacter的相对丰度基本不变,而Helicobacter的相对丰度降低;DY6干预后,与LPDA组相比,各干预组的LigilactobacillusOdoribacter、norank_LachnospiraceaeLachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group的相对丰度大幅上调,成为优势菌属,而Helicobacter的相对丰度明显下调。这说明DY6饲料和DY6菌液均能够缓解小鼠便秘状态下肠道菌群紊乱的症状,从而恢复肠道功能正常。
为了进一步探究DY6饲料对便秘小鼠肠道菌群的影响,通过组间t-test检验来筛选出LPDA组与其余各组在属水平上差异显著(P<0.05)的物种,结果如图8所示。与Normal组相比,LPDA组中HelicobacterCoiledxtribacter的相对丰度显著富集(P<0.05),而norank_Lachnospiraceae、厌氧支原体属(Anaeroplasma)、布劳特氏菌属(Blautia)、norank_Clostridia_UCG-014和unclassified_Lachnospiraceae的相对丰度显著下降(P<0.05);与LPDA组相比,DY6-F、DY6-T组,均显著上调了OdoribacterLachnospiraceae_NK4A136_groupBlautia等益生菌的相对丰度(P<0.05),显著下调了HelicobacterCoiledxtribacter的相对丰度(P<0.05),并且调控效果类似。与LPDA组相比,LNLT-T中致病菌HelicobacterCoiledxtribacter的相对丰度显著下降(P<0.05),但相较于DY6-F和DY6-T组,其占比明显增加;此外,LNLT-T组相对丰度显著增加的益生菌种类明显减少,仅有norank_LachnospiraceaeLachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group两种。上述结果表明,便秘小鼠在长期摄入DY6饲料后可促进其肠道内益生菌的生长和繁殖,这可能是由于DY6饲料中富含的有机酸、小肽等物质为其提供了适宜的生存环境和营养物质,加速恢复其在肠道中的优势地位。
肠道菌群参与调控宿主的生理活动和信号传导已成为共识[36]。因此,为阐明植物乳植杆菌DY6如何通过调节肠道菌群改善洛哌丁胺诱导的便秘症状,本研究采用Spearman相关性分析法,系统分析了属水平差异显著物种与便秘理化指标之间的相关性,结果如图9所示。Clostridia_UCG-014的相对丰度与首粒黑便时间、VIP和促炎细胞因子水平呈负相关,与小肠推进率、粪便含水率和MTL水平呈较强的正相关。研究发现,Clostridia_UCG-014可耐受胃酸进入肠道,促进营养物质的消化吸收,提高机体免疫力[37]。Wu等[38]研究同样发现,Clostridia_UCG-014属的增加能够通过调节胃肠调节肽促进肠道蠕动,与本研究结果相一致。Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group、norank_Lactobacillaceae和unclassified_Lactobacillaceae的相对丰度与SCFAs呈较强的正相关。这3个菌种都属于毛螺菌科,能够通过发酵膳食多糖产生SCFAs,并且与多种代谢疾病和慢性炎症呈负相关[39]Odoribacter的相对丰度同样与SCFAs水平呈较强的正相关,与首粒黑便时间和促炎细胞因子水平呈负相关。Odoribacter是普遍存在于健康肠道中产丁酸的厌氧菌。研究证明,Odoribacter是一种可以诱导结肠辅助性T细胞17 (T helper cell 17, Th17)分化,抑制促炎细胞因子分泌的细菌[40]Helicobacter的相对丰度与肠道蠕动能力、粪便含水率和SCFAs呈较强负相关,Murata等[41]在临床研究中发现,根除肠道中Helicobacter可以长期改善便秘相关症状,DY6干预后显著抑制了该菌的生长,本研究结果与上述结论类似。Blautia的相对丰度与SCFAs呈较强正相关,与IL-6水平呈较强负相关,IL-6水平升高后可通过磷酸化激活信号转导和转录激活因子3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription, STAT3)加重肠黏膜屏障破坏[42],而Blautia因其缓解炎症疾病和产生特定抗菌肽备受关注[43],因此推测DY6可能通过上调Blautia的相对丰度,抑制IL-6/STAT3信号通路激活来修复结肠屏障破损。Ligilactobacillus的相对丰度与肠道蠕动能力、粪便含水率和SCFAs含量呈正相关。Ligilactobacillus是广泛存在于自然界中的益生菌,具有较强的抗性、黏附性和碳水化合物代谢能力,能够出色地改善肠道菌群紊乱[44]
肠道健康是维持动物机体稳态的核心环节,而便秘作为典型的肠道功能紊乱综合征,其病理过程与肠道菌群失调、代谢稳态失衡及免疫屏障损伤等密切相关。本研究深入探讨了植物乳植杆菌DY6及其发酵豆粕饲料对便秘小鼠的改善作用与潜在机制。研究表明,DY6干预后可积极改善便秘小鼠的生长性能,提升其摄食量和体重,防止小鼠营养不良及免疫力下降。研究中表明,植物乳植杆菌可以通过TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB通路抑制TNF-α和IL-6表达,降低结肠组织病理学评分40%左右[14]。本研究中,DY6干预后同样显著降低了TNF-α和IL-6水平,降低了体内的炎症反应和结肠组织病理学评分,进而保护了肠道杯状细胞和黏膜屏障完整性。完整的肠黏膜可以保持肠道内水分和电解质平衡、维持胃肠活性肽等神经递质的正常分泌,进而调节肠道的节律性收缩和蠕动,促进粪便传输。本研究中DY6干预显著降低了抑制性胃肠调节肽VIP的水平,这一结果好于之前研究中类干酪乳酪杆菌(Lacticaseibacillus paracasei) JY062和加氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus gasseri) JM1组合益生菌降低VIP的效果,但DY6调节MTL的效果不及该报道中的结果[3],这也进一步说明益生菌株具有较强的特异性。在调节肠道微生物群落结构中,干预DY6可以增加肠道内产SCFAs的优势菌群,显著提高乙酸和丁酸的含量。国内外文献报道了类似结果,植物乳植杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) TWK10、Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KFY02及植物乳植杆菌P9等菌株同样显示出对肠道菌群和SCFAs的调控作用[6,45-46]。与上述结果不同的是,本研究中阳性对照利那洛肽对肠道菌群的调控能力有限,主要通过直接作用于靶点,调控胃肠活性肽等神经递质的分泌改善便秘症状,但易引发腹泻等副作用。在先前研究中发现利那洛肽可以高度富集Blautia缓解便秘[47],但在本研究中发现DY6-F和DY6-T组对于该菌属的富集能力超过了LNLT-T组。此外,本研究发现DY6饲料干预与DY6菌液干预改善便秘的效果相当,但在动物饲料中的应用与在人类营养品中的应用还有所差别,在实际养殖业生产中,由于益生菌自身特性,菌剂的培养、冷冻干燥以及冷链运输和保藏均需要较高的成本,相比之下,发酵豆粕在规模化生产后兼具豆粕营养价值和益生菌的益生功能,提高饲料适口性和消化率,且无须冷链保藏,可适用于各种规模的养殖企业,市场接受度较高,目前被认为是一种较好的减抗替抗养殖方式。
综上所述,DY6发酵豆粕代替常规豆粕添加到动物饲料中,可以通过提高便秘小鼠的生长性能,保护肠道屏障,优化肠道菌群结构和增加SCFAs水平缓解盐酸洛哌丁胺诱导的便秘,为开发兼具多靶点调控与生态安全性的功能性饲料添加剂提供新的应用形式。
  • 山东省重点研发计划(2022CXPT042)
  • 广西壮族自治区重点研发计划(2021AB13022)
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2025年第65卷第9期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250123
  • 接收时间:2025-02-20
  • 首发时间:2026-02-07
  • 出版时间:2025-09-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-20
  • 录用日期:2025-03-27
基金
Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province(2022CXPT042)
山东省重点研发计划(2022CXPT042)
Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(2021AB13022)
广西壮族自治区重点研发计划(2021AB13022)
作者信息
    1 江南大学 生物工程学院,江苏 无锡
    2 山东渤海实业集团有限公司,山东渤海油脂工业有限公司,山东 滨州
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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