Article(id=1226956551315964741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226956547847275311, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250125, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1740067200000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1744128000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-04-09, onlineDate=1770458837584, onlineDateStr=2026-02-07, pubDate=1756915200000, pubDateStr=2025-09-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770458837584, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770458837584, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770458837584, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226956547847275311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='9', pageStart='3821', pageEnd='4232', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770458836757, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770459153781, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226957877613605816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226956547847275311, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226957877613605817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226956547847275311, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3992, endPage=4000, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226956551936721744, articleId=1226956551315964741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Construction, expression, and characterization of secretory IgA antibody against foot-and-mouth disease virus, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To prepare secretory IgA (sIgA) antibody against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and provide a new idea and basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). [Methods] We constructed an eukaryotic expression plasmid harboring the heavy chain of IgA antibody by replacing the constant region gene of heavy chain of IgG with the codon-optimized corresponding region of IgA based on POA-8, a previously screened IgG neutralizing antibody capable of neutralizing both type O and type A FMDV. At the same time, the eukaryotic expression plasmids harboring the J chain and secretory component (SC) of pigs as well as the eukaryotic expression plasmid containing heavy chain, light chain, and J chain genes were constructed respectively. CHO-S cells were transiently co-transfected with 4 plasmids (heavy, light, J, and SC) or 2 plasmids (heavy+light+J and SC) for assembling and expression of sIgA antibody. sIgA antibody was purified and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The binding activity and neutralizing activity of sIgA antibody against FMDV were evaluated by indirect ELISA and virus neutralization assay. [Results] sIgA antibody against FMDV could be successfully assembled and expressed after transfection of CHO-S cells with 4 or 2 plasmids. The binding and neutralizing abilities of sIgA against type O and type A FMDV were stronger than those of IgG. [Conclusion] This study established an efficient expression system for sIgA against FMDV, laying a foundation for the development of mucosal vaccines and antiviral drugs against FMDV in the future.

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【目的】 制备抗口蹄疫病毒(foot-and-mouth disease virus, FMDV)分泌型IgA (secretory IgA, sIgA)抗体,为口蹄疫(foot-and-mouth disease, FMD)的综合防控提供新思路和前期基础。 【方法】 以实验室前期筛选的一株抗O型和A型FMDV的IgG型中和抗体POA-8为模板,用猪IgA重链的恒定区基因(经密码子优化)替换IgG重链的相应区域,构建抗FMDV IgA抗体的重链真核表达质粒;同时分别构建含猪源J链和分泌片(secretory component, SC)的真核表达质粒,以及同时含IgA抗体的重链、轻链和J链基因的真核表达质粒。采用4质粒(重、轻、J和SC)或2质粒(重+轻+J和SC)分别瞬时共转染CHO-S悬浮细胞,进行抗FMDV sIgA抗体的组装表达。表达的sIgA抗体经纯化后,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blotting进行鉴定,并利用间接ELISA和微量病毒中和实验评价sIgA抗体与FMDV的结合活性和中和活性。 【结果】 4质粒或2质粒共转染CHO-S细胞后均能成功组装表达抗FMDV的sIgA抗体,且sIgA抗体对O型和A型FMDV的结合能力及中和能力均强于IgG抗体。 【结论】 本研究成功构建了抗FMDV sIgA抗体的表达系统,为未来FMD黏膜疫苗和抗病毒药物的开发奠定了基础。

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作者贡献声明

刘锋:研究构思和设计,实验操作,论文修改;李坤:实验设计与指导;马雪青:实验操作与数据处理;欧阳一凡:实验操作;孙普:实验操作与数据处理;章兴赜:实验操作与图片处理;曹轶梅:协助实验操作,论文修改;白兴文:协助实验操作,论文修改;袁红:数据收集和处理;李凤娟:协助实验操作;刘在新:协助实验设计和论文指导;卢曾军:协助实验设计和论文指导;李平花:研究设计、论文指导和全文初稿的撰写。

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International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2013, 14(3): 6205-6222., articleTitle=Combinatorial analysis of secretory immunoglobulin a (SIgA) expression in plants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964069274530128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956551315964741, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=65, issue=1, pageStart=127, pageEnd=132, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=17, authorNames=MOLDT B, SAYE-FRANCISCO K, SCHULTZ N, BURTON DR, HESSELL AJ, journalName=Methods, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MOLDT B, SAYE-FRANCISCO K, SCHULTZ N, BURTON DR, HESSELL AJ. Simplifying the synthesis of SIgA: combination of dIgA and rhSC using affinity chromatography[J]. 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A, C: Reductive SDS-PAGE; B, D: Non-reductive SDS-PAGE. M: 250 kDa protein marker; 1: The purified sIgA antibodies were obtained by transfection with four plasmids; 2: The purified sIgA antibodies were obtained by transfection with two plasmids., figureFileSmall=S/b6+zy7HS7YwDcaxVf8Sw==, figureFileBig=nlYfbFhwKxfFeQqkLhXvGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964064262336684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956551315964741, language=CN, label=图1, caption=质粒共转染纯化sIgA抗体的SDS-PAGE。A、C:还原性SDS-PAGE;B、D:非还原性SDS-PAGE。M:250 kDa蛋白marker;1:4质粒共转染纯化的sIgA抗体;2:2质粒共转染纯化的sIgA抗体。, figureFileSmall=S/b6+zy7HS7YwDcaxVf8Sw==, figureFileBig=nlYfbFhwKxfFeQqkLhXvGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964064404943029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956551315964741, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=The purified sIgA antibodies were identified by WB. A: Reductive WB; B: Non-reductive WB. M: 250 kDa protein marker; 1: The purified sIgA antibodies were obtained by transfection with four plasmids; 2: The purified sIgA antibodies were obtained by transfection with two plasmids., figureFileSmall=/H+8UepGwSTI4GdOl1ORjg==, figureFileBig=C/j/iydYGTwgDlDjHY7kIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964064526577852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956551315964741, language=CN, label=图2, caption=WB鉴定纯化的sIgA抗体。A:还原性WB;B:非还原性WB。M:250 kDa蛋白marker;1:4质粒共转染纯化的sIgA抗体;2:2质粒共转染纯化的sIgA抗体。, figureFileSmall=/H+8UepGwSTI4GdOl1ORjg==, figureFileBig=C/j/iydYGTwgDlDjHY7kIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964064623046846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956551315964741, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=The reactivity of the antibodies with FMDV were detected by indirect ELISA. A: The reactivity of the antibodies with type A FMDV; B: The reactivity of the antibodies with type O FMDV., figureFileSmall=Q9/jKYim/Rfm1ULgnXaALw==, figureFileBig=SZRZlgKsuYZk4DBahK0aFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964064761458887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956551315964741, language=CN, label=图3, caption=间接ELISA检测纯化抗体与FMDV的反应性。A:A型FMDV与抗体的反应性;B:O型FMDV与抗体的反应性。, figureFileSmall=Q9/jKYim/Rfm1ULgnXaALw==, figureFileBig=SZRZlgKsuYZk4DBahK0aFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964064857927881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956551315964741, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The IC50 of IgG and sIgA neutralizing FMDV

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AntibodyO/HK99O/GSLXO/HN/CHA/93O/XJ/CHA/2017A/WH09A/GDMM/CHA/2013
IgG19.156a14.367a38.313b7.766c38.313b28.734b
sIgA6.406c1.602d12.813a1.602d12.813a12.813a
), ArticleFig(id=1226964064975368400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956551315964741, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

IgGsIgA抗体中和FMDVIC50

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AntibodyO/HK99O/GSLXO/HN/CHA/93O/XJ/CHA/2017A/WH09A/GDMM/CHA/2013
IgG19.156a14.367a38.313b7.766c38.313b28.734b
sIgA6.406c1.602d12.813a1.602d12.813a12.813a
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抗口蹄疫病毒分泌型IgA抗体的构建表达及特性分析
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刘锋 1, 2 , 李坤 1, 2 , 马雪青 1, 2 , 欧阳一凡 1, 2 , 孙普 1, 2 , 章兴赜 1, 2 , 曹轶梅 1, 2 , 白兴文 1, 2 , 袁红 1, 2 , 李凤娟 1, 2 , 刘在新 1, 2 , 卢曾军 1, 2 , 李平花 1, 2
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(9): 3992-4000
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(9): 3992-4000
抗口蹄疫病毒分泌型IgA抗体的构建表达及特性分析
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刘锋1, 2, 李坤1, 2, 马雪青1, 2, 欧阳一凡1, 2, 孙普1, 2, 章兴赜1, 2, 曹轶梅1, 2, 白兴文1, 2, 袁红1, 2, 李凤娟1, 2, 刘在新1, 2, 卢曾军1, 2, 李平花1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所/兰州大学 动物医学与生物安全学院,动物疫病防控全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州
  • 2 甘肃省病原生物学基础学科研究中心,甘肃 兰州
Construction, expression, and characterization of secretory IgA antibody against foot-and-mouth disease virus
Feng LIU1, 2, Kun LI1, 2, Xueqing MA1, 2, Yifang OUYANG1, 2, Pu SUN1, 2, Xingze ZHANG1, 2, Yimei CAO1, 2, Xingwen BAI1, 2, Hong YUAN1, 2, Fengjuan LI1, 2, Zaixin LIU1, 2, Zengjun LU1, 2, Pinghua LI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
  • 2 Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
出版时间: 2025-09-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250125
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【目的】 制备抗口蹄疫病毒(foot-and-mouth disease virus, FMDV)分泌型IgA (secretory IgA, sIgA)抗体,为口蹄疫(foot-and-mouth disease, FMD)的综合防控提供新思路和前期基础。 【方法】 以实验室前期筛选的一株抗O型和A型FMDV的IgG型中和抗体POA-8为模板,用猪IgA重链的恒定区基因(经密码子优化)替换IgG重链的相应区域,构建抗FMDV IgA抗体的重链真核表达质粒;同时分别构建含猪源J链和分泌片(secretory component, SC)的真核表达质粒,以及同时含IgA抗体的重链、轻链和J链基因的真核表达质粒。采用4质粒(重、轻、J和SC)或2质粒(重+轻+J和SC)分别瞬时共转染CHO-S悬浮细胞,进行抗FMDV sIgA抗体的组装表达。表达的sIgA抗体经纯化后,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blotting进行鉴定,并利用间接ELISA和微量病毒中和实验评价sIgA抗体与FMDV的结合活性和中和活性。 【结果】 4质粒或2质粒共转染CHO-S细胞后均能成功组装表达抗FMDV的sIgA抗体,且sIgA抗体对O型和A型FMDV的结合能力及中和能力均强于IgG抗体。 【结论】 本研究成功构建了抗FMDV sIgA抗体的表达系统,为未来FMD黏膜疫苗和抗病毒药物的开发奠定了基础。

口蹄疫病毒  /  分泌型IgA抗体  /  构建表达  /  特性研究

[Objective] To prepare secretory IgA (sIgA) antibody against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and provide a new idea and basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). [Methods] We constructed an eukaryotic expression plasmid harboring the heavy chain of IgA antibody by replacing the constant region gene of heavy chain of IgG with the codon-optimized corresponding region of IgA based on POA-8, a previously screened IgG neutralizing antibody capable of neutralizing both type O and type A FMDV. At the same time, the eukaryotic expression plasmids harboring the J chain and secretory component (SC) of pigs as well as the eukaryotic expression plasmid containing heavy chain, light chain, and J chain genes were constructed respectively. CHO-S cells were transiently co-transfected with 4 plasmids (heavy, light, J, and SC) or 2 plasmids (heavy+light+J and SC) for assembling and expression of sIgA antibody. sIgA antibody was purified and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The binding activity and neutralizing activity of sIgA antibody against FMDV were evaluated by indirect ELISA and virus neutralization assay. [Results] sIgA antibody against FMDV could be successfully assembled and expressed after transfection of CHO-S cells with 4 or 2 plasmids. The binding and neutralizing abilities of sIgA against type O and type A FMDV were stronger than those of IgG. [Conclusion] This study established an efficient expression system for sIgA against FMDV, laying a foundation for the development of mucosal vaccines and antiviral drugs against FMDV in the future.

foot-and-mouth disease virus  /  secreted IgA antibody  /  construction and expression  /  characterization
刘锋, 李坤, 马雪青, 欧阳一凡, 孙普, 章兴赜, 曹轶梅, 白兴文, 袁红, 李凤娟, 刘在新, 卢曾军, 李平花. 抗口蹄疫病毒分泌型IgA抗体的构建表达及特性分析. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (9) : 3992 -4000 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250125
Feng LIU, Kun LI, Xueqing MA, Yifang OUYANG, Pu SUN, Xingze ZHANG, Yimei CAO, Xingwen BAI, Hong YUAN, Fengjuan LI, Zaixin LIU, Zengjun LU, Pinghua LI. Construction, expression, and characterization of secretory IgA antibody against foot-and-mouth disease virus[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (9) : 3992 -4000 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250125
口蹄疫(foot-and-mouth disease, FMD)是侵害猪、牛和羊等偶蹄动物的烈性传染病,是我国动物疫病防控中长期规划中重点防控的动物疫病之一。该病自1897年确定病原以来仍未在全球范围内得到控制和根除,且一直威胁着世界畜牧业的发展。我国是FMD流行较为严重的国家之一,疫情长年不断,其暴发和流行对我国畜牧业的健康发展构成了严重威胁。
FMD的病原是口蹄疫病毒(foot-and-mouth disease virus, FMDV),主要通过呼吸道和消化道进入易感动物。黏膜是机体抵抗病毒入侵的第一道防线,分泌型IgA (secretory IgA, sIgA)是黏膜表面广泛存在的免疫球蛋白,也是黏膜免疫的主要抗体,在抗病毒感染中发挥着极为重要的作用[1],包括中和病毒、抑制病毒吸附、清除病毒以及调节黏膜免疫反应等[2-3]。sIgA分子由2个IgA单体、1条J链和1条分泌片(secretory component, SC)构成[4]。sIgA的特殊结构使其不仅具有高稳定性,还具有非特异性的病原体结合活性以及更高的抗病毒活性[4],在黏膜抗感染领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。近年来,随着抗体工程技术的快速发展,体外表达组装完整sIgA的研究受到国内外学者越来越多的关注[5-10],尤其是在人类传染性疾病的抗体药物开发中[9]
FMD灭活疫苗的免疫接种是预防和控制该病的主要手段。疫苗免疫虽能有效防止动物的临床发病,但无法阻止免疫动物再次感染并形成持续带毒,从而成为疾病传播的主要传染源。为了发展更有效的抗FMDV策略,实现对疾病的精准防控,本研究以实验室前期筛选的1株抗O型和A型FMDV的IgG型中和抗体POA-8为模板,体外构建并表达sIgA,并检测其与FMDV的结合活性和中和活性,以期为未来FMD黏膜疫苗和抗病毒药物的开发提供前期基础。
抗O型和A型FMDV的IgG型中和抗体POA-8的重链和轻链表达质粒pcDNA3.4-pOA-8H和pcDNA3.4-pOA-8L[11]、CHO-S和BHK-21细胞均由中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所保存;O型FMDV (O/HN/CHA/93、O/HK99、O/GSLX和O/XJ/CHA/2017)和A型FMDV (A/WH/09和A/F72)均由国家口蹄疫参考实验室分离保存。
质粒大量提取试剂盒、大肠杆菌JM109感受态细胞、蛋白质相对分子质量marker,宝生物工程(大连)有限公司;ExpiCHOTM Expression System、MEM细胞培养基、胎牛血清,Gibco公司;HiTrap TALON亲和层析柱填料,Pierce公司;HRP标记的抗His鼠源标签抗体,南京金斯瑞生物科技有限公司。
以实验室构建保存的抗O型和A型FMDV的IgG型中和抗体POA-8的重链表达质粒pcDNA3.4-pOA-8H为模板,构建IgA抗体的重链表达质粒。首先将密码子优化(按照中国仓鼠的密码子)的猪源IgA抗体的恒定区编码基因(IMGT:AB699687)委托苏州金唯智生物科技有限公司全基因合成,并替换pcDNA3.4-pOA-8H质粒中相应的区域,构建IgA抗体的重链表达质粒pcDNA3.4-IgA-8H。同样地,将密码子优化的猪源J链编码基因(GenBank登录号为XM003356961)和猪源SC编码基因(GenBank登录号为NM214159)的末尾分别加入HA和6×His标签,并在每个序列的两端分别添加Not I和EcoRI酶切位点,委托苏州金唯智生物科技有限公司全基因合成后分别克隆至pcDNA3.4载体中,构建重组表达载体pcDNA3.4-J和pcDNA3.4-SC。此外,将抗FMDV IgA抗体的重链、轻链和J链基因(每个基因末端加入6×His标签)之间插入猪捷申病毒自我裂解的P2A短肽(ATNFSLLKQAGDVEENPGP)基因,然后在序列两端添加Nhe I和EcoR I酶切位点,全部基因参考中国仓鼠密码子优化后,委托苏州金唯智生物科技有限公司全基因合成,并克隆至pcDNA3.4质粒中,构建重组质粒pcDNA3.4-IgA-H-L-J。
采用ExipCHOTM Expression Medium培养的CHO-S悬浮细胞用于sIgA抗体的表达。将3×106个/mL的CHO-S细胞培养18 h后进行细胞计数,并在室温下1 000 r/min离心10 min后收集细胞,用预热的培养基吹散并将细胞密度调整为6×106个/mL。取2个洁净的离心管,分别加入1 000 μL OptiPROTM SFM培养基,一管中加入60 μg的轻链、重链、J链和SC表达质粒(4:4:1:1)的混合液,或者加入50 μg pcDNA3.4-IgA-H-L-J和pcDNA3.4-SC质粒(4:1)的混合液;另一管中加入80 μL转染试剂ExpiFectamineTM CHO,混匀后室温静置2 min。将2管混合液合并,上下轻轻颠倒4-5次后室温静置5 min。将上述混合液缓慢加入细胞中,边加边轻轻摇动,加完后将细胞置于37 ℃恒温培养箱中悬浮培养。转染20 h后加入150 μL ExpiCHOTM Enhancer和6 mL ExpiCHOTM Feed的预混液继续培养。培养7 d后收集表达上清,用HiTrap TALON柱进行抗体纯化,咪唑梯度洗脱下来的抗体置于PBS中透析3次,每次3 h。透析后的抗体用聚乙二醇8000 (PEG 8000)进行浓缩,并用0.22 μm过滤器过滤除菌后分装,测量浓度后于-80 ℃保存备用。
取纯化的抗体各30 μL分别加入离心管,一管加入10 μL含有还原剂β-巯基乙醇的4×loading buffer,置于100 ℃金属浴中加热10 min。另一管加入10 μL不含还原剂的4×loading buffer,不进行煮样处理。装配好电泳设备,加入电极缓冲液,将准备好的样品加入胶孔中,每孔15 μL,同时设置蛋白marker作为对照,每个样品跑2块PAGE胶,1块用于染色判定目标蛋白的表达情况,1块用于Western blotting分析。
SDS-PAGE结束后取下电泳胶直接进行WB鉴定。取还原性和非还原性胶进行转膜,转膜前切除胶孔裁取与胶面积大小相近的PVDF膜,用甲醇浸泡30 s,按照黑胶白膜的顺序在转印夹从下到上(滤网-海绵-蛋白胶-PVDF膜-海绵-滤网)依次排放置于转移槽中,接通电源200 mA运行2 h后非还原性样品转膜电流调整为350 mA继续运行4 h。转印结束后取下PVDF膜,置于5%脱脂奶粉中,室温摇床封闭2 h。PBST漂洗膜3次后将PVDF膜放入稀释好的His标签抗体(1:10 000稀释)溶液中,室温孵育1 h。一抗孵育完成后PBST洗膜3次,除去表面未结合的抗体。取清洗好的PVDF膜浸泡在显影液中反应30 s后拍照保存。
取已灭活的O型和A型FMDV作为包被抗原检测纯化sIgA抗体的反应性。将纯化灭活的O/HK99与A/WH09抗原用PBS稀释至1 μg/mL后加入酶标板,每孔100 μL,4 ℃过夜。第2日弃包被抗原,PBST洗5次,每孔加入100 μL封闭液(1% BSA+5%蔗糖+PBS),37 ℃封闭2 h,PBST洗5次后吹干。将同一浓度的待检抗体(两质粒共转表达纯化的sIgA抗体和实验室纯化的IgG抗体POA-8) 2倍系列稀释后加入酶标板,每孔100 mL,37 ℃孵育1 h后PBST洗5次并拍干,每孔加入HRP标记的His标签抗体(1:10 000) 100 μL,37 ℃孵育1 h后PBST洗5次拍干,同时设PBS阴性对照。加入100 μL TMB显色液,37 ℃恒温培养箱显色15 min后加入终止液,用酶标仪测定450的吸光值,结果用GraphPad Prism 9.0软件进行分析,按S/C.O方式统计,S为样本OD450值,C.O即cut-off值(阳性判定值),如公式(1)计算。
C.O=2.1×N
式中:N为阴性对照OD450值,当N不足0.05时按0.05计算,S/C.O≥1判定为阳性,S/C.O<1判定为阴性。根据cut-off值对应的抗体浓度作为判定数值,数值越小,反应性越强。
将倍比稀释(1:2-1:128)的sIgA抗体置于96孔细胞培养板中,每个稀释度设2孔,每孔50 μL。随后,每孔加入100 TCID50/50 μL的O型和A型FMDV。两质粒共转表达纯化的sIgA抗体和POA-8抗体分别与病毒液混匀后置于37 ℃培养箱孵育1 h。接着,每孔加入50 μL BHK-21细胞(1×106/mL-2×106/mL),同时设置100、10、1和0.1 TCID50/50 μL的病毒对照,每个稀释度做3个重复。37 ℃培养箱培养72 h后,在显微镜下观察细胞病变情况,统计结果并计算中和病毒的抗体效价IC50。IC50是指达到50%抑制效果时所需的药物或抑制剂的浓度,通常用于评估药物、抗体或化合物对酶、细胞、受体或微生物的抑制强度。抗体IC50计算如公式(2)所示,IC50值越高,表明抗体中和效率越低[12]。实验重复2次。
抗体IC50=抗体浓度/抗体中和效价
对4质粒和2质粒共转表达纯化的sIgA抗体进行SDS-PAGE分析,结果如图1所示。在还原条件下,2种方法表达纯化的sIgA抗体均裂解为重链、轻链、J链和SC分泌片(图1A1C)。重链和轻链的大小分别为55 kDa和25 kDa左右,J链和SC实际分别为15 kDa和66 kDa左右,由于糖基化的影响,这些纯化产物在凝胶上显示的相对分子质量均略高于理论值(图1A1C)。在非还原条件下,2种方法表达纯化的抗体在SDS-PAGE凝胶上均正确组装为大小为400 kDa左右的sIgA抗体分子(图1B1D),但存在一些不完全组装的中间产物,可能是由于抗体纯化过程中未使用分子筛所致。
将4质粒和2质粒共转染表达纯化的sIgA抗体进行SDS-PAGE后转膜,用WB检测表达纯化的sIgA抗体。结果表明在还原性条件下,纯化的sIgA裂解为重链、轻链、J链和SC分泌片,由于糖基化的影响,分子量均略高于理论值(图2A)。在非还原性条件下,4质粒和2质粒转染均正确组装了sIgA抗体分子,相对分子质量符合预期,但也存在不完全组装的SC、IgA、dIgA等分子(图2B)。
通过间接ELISA检测纯化的sIgA抗体和POA-8抗体与O型和A型FMDV的反应性,抗体反应性曲线与cut-off值相交时(即S/C.O=1)对应的抗体浓度作为判定数值,数值越小,反应性越强(图3)。根据GraphPad Prism拟合,sIgA抗体与FMDV O/HK99和A/WH09的反应性曲线与cut-off值相交的浓度分别为0.008 8 μg/mL和0.728 8 μg/mL,而IgG抗体的反应性曲线与cut-off值相交时的浓度分别为0.038 5 μg/mL和5.000 8 μg/mL,表明更低浓度的sIgA抗体即可与FMDV抗原发生反应,说明sIgA抗体与FMDV的结合能力显著强于IgG抗体。
通过微量病毒中和试验测定了POA-8抗体和sIgA抗体中和O型和A型FMDV的活性。结果表明,由广谱中和性IgG转变得到的sIgA抗体中和O型和A型FMDV的能力明显强于IgG抗体,对应的IC50值如表1所示。
近年来,随着抗体工程的快速发展,单克隆抗体在科学研究和疾病(包括病毒传染性疾病)治疗领域得到了广泛的应用[13-14]。sIgA分子具有极高的稳定性和极强的抗病毒活性,体外组装表达sIgA对于传染性疾病的治疗、黏膜疫苗的开发等具有重要意义。因此,国外学者已建立了多种sIgA的表达系统[5-10]。例如Berdoz等[5]将人鼠嵌合的重链、轻链、人类J链和SC片段表达载体转染CHO细胞,成功建立了有效表达人鼠嵌合sIgA抗体的系统。Ma等[6]将包含兔子的SC及鼠源kappa链、重链和J链转入转基因植物,成功表达了sIgA抗体。Johansen等[10]则通过哺乳动物细胞成功组装表达了sIgA分子。这些研究表明,利用抗体工程手段在单个非免疫细胞中组装表达具有天然结构和功能的sIgA分子是完全可行的。然而,体外重组表达全分子sIgA是一个非常复杂的过程,一方面天然sIgA由2分子IgA、J链和SC分泌片组成[4],这在一定程度上限制了体外重组sIgA的有效组装;另一方面sIgA的分子量较大,约为400 kDa,组装起来较为困难。尽管已有报道成功组装表达了完整的sIgA,但其表达成本高、表达量低,一直制约着sIgA抗体的应用和发展。
常规的sIgA表达方法是分别构建IgA的重链、轻链、J链和SC分泌片的4种真核表达质粒[6],然后共转染哺乳动物细胞组装表达sIgA抗体。然而,转染质粒的数目会影响sIgA抗体的表达产量[15-17]。一些学者通过将IgA抗体的重链、轻链、J链或将重链、轻链、J链和SC顺序连接在一个载体上,通过转染2个质粒或1个质粒组装表达sIgA,结果表明表达产量明显高于4质粒共转染的组装效率[16-17]。为了提高sIgA的组装表达效率,本研究除了构建4质粒共转的表达方法,同时也构建了2质粒和1质粒的表达方法。其中,4质粒和2质粒共转染CHO细胞后均成功组装表达了sIgA抗体,但由于所用试剂成本较高,未对2种方法的表达条件进行优化,因此未能明确二者表达量的差异。然而,1质粒(重链、轻链、J链和SC在一个载体上)转染后未能检测到sIgA抗体的表达,推测可能是插入载体的基因过大(约5 000 bp)所致。除了减少共转染质粒的个数以增加sIgA的表达量外,建立IgA、dIgA和sIgA的稳定细胞系也可提高sIgA抗体的表达量[5,15],这将使sIgA的广泛应用成为可能。本研究还发现不同的培养基和转染试剂也会影响sIgA抗体的表达效率。本研究最初使用某国产培养剂和转染试剂反复摸索sIgA抗体的表达条件,遗憾的是SDS-PAGE和WB一直未能检测到sIgA抗体的有效表达,这可能与所用试剂的转染效率较低有关。后期使用本研究提到的进口转染试剂和培养基后,一次性成功检测到sIgA的表达,但这些进口试剂成本较高,限制了对2质粒和4质粒共转染表达sIgA抗体条件的优化和产量的提升。
抗体分子由2条相同的轻链(light chain, L)和2条相同的重链(heavy chain, H)组成。轻链和重链在结构上均可分为可变区和恒定区,即轻链可变区(light chain variable region, LV)和轻链恒定区(light chain constant region, LC),以及重链可变区(heavy chain variable region, HV)和重链恒定区(heavy chain constant region, HC)[1]。IgA和IgG抗体的区别在于轻链相同,而重链恒定区不同[1]。因此,本研究以前期已鉴定的具有广谱中和活性的抗FMDV IgG抗体POA-8为基础,构建抗FMDV IgA抗体的重链表达质粒,同时构建猪源的J链和SC分泌片的真核表达质粒,以及IgA抗体的重链、轻链、J链基因在同一载体上的真核表达质粒。利用ExpiFectamineTM CHO转染试剂介导转染用ExpiCHOTM Expression Medium培养的CHO-S细胞,纯化的抗体通过SDS-PAGE和WB分析。结果表明,用4质粒或2质粒共转染CHO-S细胞后均成功组装表达了sIgA抗体。病毒中和试验表明,纯化的sIgA抗体中和O型和A型FMDV的能力显著高于IgG抗体;间接ELISA的结果表明sIgA与FMDV的反应性也明显高于IgG抗体,说明sIgA通过增强与抗原的亲和力而获得更强的抗病毒作用。
本研究成功建立了表达抗FMDV sIgA抗体的方法,不仅为其他病毒sIgA的成功表达提供了借鉴,而且为未来FMD黏膜疫苗和抗病毒药物的开发奠定了前期基础。
  • 中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-CSLPDCP-202402)
  • 国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1800300)
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2025年第65卷第9期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250125
  • 接收时间:2025-02-21
  • 首发时间:2026-02-07
  • 出版时间:2025-09-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-21
  • 录用日期:2025-04-09
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Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-CSLPDCP-202402)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-CSLPDCP-202402)
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1800300)
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1800300)
作者信息
    1 中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所/兰州大学 动物医学与生物安全学院,动物疫病防控全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州
    2 甘肃省病原生物学基础学科研究中心,甘肃 兰州
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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