Article(id=1226956550850396995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226956547847275311, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250118, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1739894400000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1746633600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-08, onlineDate=1770458837472, onlineDateStr=2026-02-07, pubDate=1756915200000, pubDateStr=2025-09-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770458837472, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770458837472, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770458837472, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226956547847275311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='9', pageStart='3821', pageEnd='4232', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770458836757, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770459153781, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226957877613605816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226956547847275311, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226957877613605817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226956547847275311, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3946, endPage=3958, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226956552800748400, articleId=1226956550850396995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Oxidative stress resistance and infection mediated by lmo2300 of Listeria monocytogenes, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To investigate the role of lmo2300 in oxidative stress resistance and infection of Listeria monocytogenes. [Methods] With L. monocytogenes 1/2 a serotype EGD-e as the parent strain, the lmo2300-deleted strain and complementary strain were constructed by homologous recombination. The growth, motility, oxidative stress resistance, minimum inhibitory concentration and reductase activity of Δlmo2300 were evaluated. The adhesion, invasion, proliferation, and intercellular migration abilities of the Δlmo2300 strain was assessed using cell models. The transcriptional levels of thioredoxin-related genes and major virulence genes in Δlmo2300 were detected with RT-qPCR. [Results] PCR identification and DNA sequencing confirmed the successful construction of Δlmo2300 and CΔlmo2300. Deletion of lmo2300 did not affect the bacterial growth, motility, antibiotic susceptibility, adhesion, invasion or intracellular proliferation. However, the Lmo2300 protein possesses reductase activity, and the transcriptional levels of the thioredoxin gene lmo1903 and grx are significantly upregulated in the Δlmo2300 mutant. And markedly improved resistance to oxidative substances, including H2O2, diamide, CdCl2, and MnSO4 compared with the wild type. The Δlmo2300 mutation significantly enhanced intercellular migration ability, accompanied by an approximately 8-fold upregulation of the actA gene transcription, which is consistent with the enhanced intercellular migration ability. [Conclusion] This study demonstrates that lmo2300 plays a critical role in modulating the oxidative stress resistance and intercellular migration of L. monocytogenes, providing novel insights into the infection biology and adaptive responses of L. monocytogenes to host-derived oxidative challenges.

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*E-mail: HAN Yue,
CHENG Changyong,
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【目的】 研究单增李斯特菌lmo2300基因在EGD-e株抗氧化应激和感染生物学特性中的作用。 【方法】 以单增李斯特菌1/2a血清型EGD-e为亲本株,利用同源重组法构建lmo2300的缺失株和回补株,检测Δlmo2300在体外的生长、运动能力,对氧化环境的抵抗能力,还原酶活性,以及抗生素最小抑菌浓度;检验突变株感染细胞后的黏附、侵袭、增殖和细胞间迁移能力;使用荧光定量PCR技术检测lmo2300基因缺失后单增李斯特菌硫氧还蛋白相关基因和主要毒力基因的转录水平变化。 【结果】 经PCR鉴定及测序证明缺失株Δlmo2300和回补株CΔlmo2300构建成功。lmo2300基因缺失后,单增李斯特菌的生长、运动和对抗生素的敏感性均无显著变化,黏附、侵袭和增殖能力也未受显著影响。Lmo2300具有还原酶活性,Δlmo2300中硫氧还蛋白基因lmo1903grx转录水平显著升高,对H2O2、Diamide、CdCl2和MnSO4的氧化应激抵抗能力显著增强;且该菌细胞间迁移能力显著提高,Δlmo2300中与细胞间迁移相关的actA基因转录水平上调约8倍。 【结论】 本研究表明lmo2300在细胞间迁移和抵抗氧化应激中发挥关键作用,这一发现对于深入理解单增李斯特菌的抗氧化应激和感染生物学机制具有重要意义。

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作者贡献声明

张晓荟:实验操作,数据收集与监管,论文撰写与修改;高宇杰:协助数据分析;葛同鑫:协助数据收集;王温馨:协助数据监管;许浩男:协助实验操作;宋若菲:协助数据处理;宋厚辉:获取基金,提供试验场地;程昌勇:获取基金,监督管理;韩月:获取基金,论文的修订与审阅。

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A: Identification of Δlmo2300 mutant strain with lmo2300-a front-UF and lmo2300-DR primer pair; B: Identification of Δlmo2300 and CΔlmo2300 strain with lmo2300-in-F/R primer pair. Lane M: DL2000 DNA marker; Lane 1: EGD-e; Lane 2: Δlmo2300; Lane 3: CΔlmo2300; Lane 4: Negative control (ddH2O)., figureFileSmall=K+oHyvd020ZgVNrH52GMeQ==, figureFileBig=9wFkOlPaFG02XC1MdiFM3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964055378801376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956550850396995, language=CN, label=图1, caption=缺失株和回补株PCR鉴定结果。A:使用外侧引物lmo2300-afront-UF和lmo2300-DR鉴定缺失株;B:使用内侧引物lmo2300-in-F/R鉴定缺失株和回补株。泳道M、1、2、3和4分别为DL2000 DNA marker、EGD-e、Δlmo2300、CΔlmo2300和阴性对照(ddH2O)。, figureFileSmall=K+oHyvd020ZgVNrH52GMeQ==, figureFileBig=9wFkOlPaFG02XC1MdiFM3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964055487853295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956550850396995, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Detection of growth and motility ability of EGD-e, Δlmo2300, and CΔlmo2300. A: Growth curves of EGD-e, Δlmo2300, and CΔlmo2300 during 12 h growth in BHI medium; B: Swimming motility of EGD-e, Δlmo2300, and CΔlmo2300 in semi-solid agar; C: Statistical analysis of bacterial motility circle diameter. ns: P>0.05., figureFileSmall=kibJ04ssZMBegeq6j4lF8g==, figureFileBig=HMEwxzvMMJxPHFzH0sBIFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964055601099515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956550850396995, language=CN, label=图2, caption=EGD-eΔlmo2300lmo2300 菌株生长和运动能力检测。A:EGD-e、Δlmo2300、CΔlmo2300菌株在BHI培养基中12 h内的生长曲线;B:EGD-e、Δlmo2300、CΔlmo2300菌株在半固体琼脂培养基中的运动能力测定;C:细菌运动圈直径大小差异分析。, figureFileSmall=kibJ04ssZMBegeq6j4lF8g==, figureFileBig=HMEwxzvMMJxPHFzH0sBIFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964055697568515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956550850396995, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Detection the anti-oxidative stress ability of wild type and lmo2300 mutants to oxidative substances., figureFileSmall=JSH5UK8AFwm73cYFKR/iuQ==, figureFileBig=2bbwgzRxti7IzLqA8bEEgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964055794037518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956550850396995, language=CN, label=图3, caption=野生株和 lmo2300 突变株对氧化基质的抗应激能力测定, figureFileSmall=JSH5UK8AFwm73cYFKR/iuQ==, figureFileBig=2bbwgzRxti7IzLqA8bEEgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964055907283736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956550850396995, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Lmo2300 protein reductase activity detection and Δlmo2300 thioredoxin-related gene transcription level detection. A: Lmo2300 protein reductase activity detection; B: Δlmo2300 thioredoxin-related gene transcription level detection., figureFileSmall=SmrGquhcoOpTU6JMZKqkhg==, figureFileBig=+13fjQXnqRJDrnDMbfVnXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964056049890085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956550850396995, language=CN, label=图4, caption=Lmo2300蛋白的还原酶活性检测及 lmo2300 缺失对硫氧还蛋白相关基因转录水平的影响。A:Lmo2300蛋白的还原酶活性检测;B:lmo2300缺失对硫氧还蛋白相关基因转录水平的影响。, figureFileSmall=SmrGquhcoOpTU6JMZKqkhg==, figureFileBig=+13fjQXnqRJDrnDMbfVnXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964056150553390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956550850396995, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=The ability of adhesion, invasion and proliferation of wild strain and lmo2300 mutants were detected. A: Adhesion rate of Caco-2 cells; B: Invasion rate of Caco-2 cells; C: Bacterial proliferation ability after infection with RAW264.7 cells. ns: P>0.05., figureFileSmall=9QnICp5RQ0XVen4nvtPEwA==, figureFileBig=meVVsuenF7wMfmkIC0aIHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964056309936958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956550850396995, language=CN, label=图5, caption=野生株和 lmo2300 突变株感染细胞后黏附、侵袭和增殖能力检测。A:感染Caco-2细胞后细菌黏附率;B:感染Caco-2细胞后细菌侵袭率;C:感染RAW264.7细胞后细菌增殖能力。, figureFileSmall=9QnICp5RQ0XVen4nvtPEwA==, figureFileBig=meVVsuenF7wMfmkIC0aIHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964056418988872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956550850396995, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Detection of cell-to-cell migration ability of bacteria. A: Plaque assay in L929 cells with wild strain, lmo2300 mutant, Δhly and ΔactA; B: Plaque diameter formed in plaque assay; C: Number of plaques formed in plaque assay; D: Detection of transcription levels of virulence-related genes in Δlmo2300. *: 0.01<P<0.05; ***: P<0.001., figureFileSmall=F4tnpX34l6tgk7S80XaQxA==, figureFileBig=ETgMHjOaWjLhDGDX/q42Fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964056549012306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956550850396995, language=CN, label=图6, caption=细菌在细胞间迁移能力的检测。A:野生株、lmo2300突变株、Δhly和ΔactA在L929细胞中的空斑试验;B:空斑实验中形成的空斑直径;C:空斑实验中形成的空斑数量;D:Δlmo2300中毒力相关基因转录水平检测。*表示0.01<P<0.05;***表示P<0.001。, figureFileSmall=F4tnpX34l6tgk7S80XaQxA==, figureFileBig=ETgMHjOaWjLhDGDX/q42Fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964056679035742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956550850396995, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
lmo2300-a front-UFTTGCCATTCATTCCATTCGAG
lmo2300-in-FGCATCACACGTATGATCGTCTTCTTT
lmo2300-in-RCGTTCTTCTATGAAGTCGTCTGTTATCAG
lmo2300-UFCGCGGATCCTTCGTCTACGTTCTCACTGTC
lmo2300-URTAGCTAAGGGCGGATAGGGGGGGGAAACCTTGA
lmo2300-DFGTTTCCCCCCCCTATCCGCCCTTAGCTATGATG
lmo2300-DRCGGGGTACCGATGGAAGGAAAGCTGATGAAGG
M13-FGTAAAACGACGGCCAGT
M13-RCAGGAAACAGCTATGAC
lmo2300-Xho I-FCCGCTCGAGCTAGTATTTGAGCCCTAACTTCCT
lmo2300-Sac I-RCGAGCTCATAGGCGTGTAGCTCTTCTT
pIMK2-FwdCTGCCAGGAATTGGGGATCG
pIMK2-RevGCTGGGAATTAACCCTCACTAAAGG
), ArticleFig(id=1226964056779699045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956550850396995, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
lmo2300-a front-UFTTGCCATTCATTCCATTCGAG
lmo2300-in-FGCATCACACGTATGATCGTCTTCTTT
lmo2300-in-RCGTTCTTCTATGAAGTCGTCTGTTATCAG
lmo2300-UFCGCGGATCCTTCGTCTACGTTCTCACTGTC
lmo2300-URTAGCTAAGGGCGGATAGGGGGGGGAAACCTTGA
lmo2300-DFGTTTCCCCCCCCTATCCGCCCTTAGCTATGATG
lmo2300-DRCGGGGTACCGATGGAAGGAAAGCTGATGAAGG
M13-FGTAAAACGACGGCCAGT
M13-RCAGGAAACAGCTATGAC
lmo2300-Xho I-FCCGCTCGAGCTAGTATTTGAGCCCTAACTTCCT
lmo2300-Sac I-RCGAGCTCATAGGCGTGTAGCTCTTCTT
pIMK2-FwdCTGCCAGGAATTGGGGATCG
pIMK2-RevGCTGGGAATTAACCCTCACTAAAGG
), ArticleFig(id=1226964056876168044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956550850396995, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The effect of lmo2300 gene on antibiotic resistance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AgentMIC (μg/mL)Standard (μg/mL)
EGD-eΔlmo2300lmo2300
氨苄西林Amp0.50±0.000.50±0.000.50±0.00≤2.00 (susceptible)
四环素TET4.00±0.002.00±1.414.00±0.000.50-4.00 (intermediate)
美罗培南MEM0.125±0.0000.125±0.0000.125±0.000≤0.25 (susceptible)
万古霉素VAN0.00±0.000.00±0.000.00±0.00≤4.00 (susceptible)
环丙沙星CIP2.00±0.002.00±0.002.00±0.002.00 (intermediate)
), ArticleFig(id=1226964056951665522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956550850396995, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

lmo2300 基因对抗生素耐药性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AgentMIC (μg/mL)Standard (μg/mL)
EGD-eΔlmo2300lmo2300
氨苄西林Amp0.50±0.000.50±0.000.50±0.00≤2.00 (susceptible)
四环素TET4.00±0.002.00±1.414.00±0.000.50-4.00 (intermediate)
美罗培南MEM0.125±0.0000.125±0.0000.125±0.000≤0.25 (susceptible)
万古霉素VAN0.00±0.000.00±0.000.00±0.00≤4.00 (susceptible)
环丙沙星CIP2.00±0.002.00±0.002.00±0.002.00 (intermediate)
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单增李斯特菌 lmo2300 介导的氧化应激和感染生物学作用
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张晓荟 , 高宇杰 , 葛同鑫 , 王温馨 , 许浩男 , 宋若菲 , 宋厚辉 , 程昌勇 , 韩月
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(9): 3946-3958
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(9): 3946-3958
单增李斯特菌 lmo2300 介导的氧化应激和感染生物学作用
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张晓荟, 高宇杰, 葛同鑫, 王温馨, 许浩男, 宋若菲, 宋厚辉, 程昌勇 , 韩月
作者信息
  • 浙江农林大学 动物医学院,浙江省畜禽绿色生态健康养殖应用技术研究重点实验室,动物健康互联网检测技术浙江省工程研究中心,浙江省动物医学与健康管理国际科技合作基地,同一健康和食品安全“一带一路”国际联合实验室,中澳动物健康大数据分析联合实验室,浙江 杭州
Oxidative stress resistance and infection mediated by lmo2300 of Listeria monocytogenes
Xiaohui ZHANG, Yujie GAO, Tongxin GE, Wenxin WANG, Haonan XU, Ruofei SONG, Houhui SONG, Changyong CHENG , Yue HAN
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, the Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for One Health and Food Safety, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
出版时间: 2025-09-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250118
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【目的】 研究单增李斯特菌lmo2300基因在EGD-e株抗氧化应激和感染生物学特性中的作用。 【方法】 以单增李斯特菌1/2a血清型EGD-e为亲本株,利用同源重组法构建lmo2300的缺失株和回补株,检测Δlmo2300在体外的生长、运动能力,对氧化环境的抵抗能力,还原酶活性,以及抗生素最小抑菌浓度;检验突变株感染细胞后的黏附、侵袭、增殖和细胞间迁移能力;使用荧光定量PCR技术检测lmo2300基因缺失后单增李斯特菌硫氧还蛋白相关基因和主要毒力基因的转录水平变化。 【结果】 经PCR鉴定及测序证明缺失株Δlmo2300和回补株CΔlmo2300构建成功。lmo2300基因缺失后,单增李斯特菌的生长、运动和对抗生素的敏感性均无显著变化,黏附、侵袭和增殖能力也未受显著影响。Lmo2300具有还原酶活性,Δlmo2300中硫氧还蛋白基因lmo1903grx转录水平显著升高,对H2O2、Diamide、CdCl2和MnSO4的氧化应激抵抗能力显著增强;且该菌细胞间迁移能力显著提高,Δlmo2300中与细胞间迁移相关的actA基因转录水平上调约8倍。 【结论】 本研究表明lmo2300在细胞间迁移和抵抗氧化应激中发挥关键作用,这一发现对于深入理解单增李斯特菌的抗氧化应激和感染生物学机制具有重要意义。

单增李斯特菌  /  lmo2300  /  氧化应激  /  感染生物学

[Objective] To investigate the role of lmo2300 in oxidative stress resistance and infection of Listeria monocytogenes. [Methods] With L. monocytogenes 1/2 a serotype EGD-e as the parent strain, the lmo2300-deleted strain and complementary strain were constructed by homologous recombination. The growth, motility, oxidative stress resistance, minimum inhibitory concentration and reductase activity of Δlmo2300 were evaluated. The adhesion, invasion, proliferation, and intercellular migration abilities of the Δlmo2300 strain was assessed using cell models. The transcriptional levels of thioredoxin-related genes and major virulence genes in Δlmo2300 were detected with RT-qPCR. [Results] PCR identification and DNA sequencing confirmed the successful construction of Δlmo2300 and CΔlmo2300. Deletion of lmo2300 did not affect the bacterial growth, motility, antibiotic susceptibility, adhesion, invasion or intracellular proliferation. However, the Lmo2300 protein possesses reductase activity, and the transcriptional levels of the thioredoxin gene lmo1903 and grx are significantly upregulated in the Δlmo2300 mutant. And markedly improved resistance to oxidative substances, including H2O2, diamide, CdCl2, and MnSO4 compared with the wild type. The Δlmo2300 mutation significantly enhanced intercellular migration ability, accompanied by an approximately 8-fold upregulation of the actA gene transcription, which is consistent with the enhanced intercellular migration ability. [Conclusion] This study demonstrates that lmo2300 plays a critical role in modulating the oxidative stress resistance and intercellular migration of L. monocytogenes, providing novel insights into the infection biology and adaptive responses of L. monocytogenes to host-derived oxidative challenges.

Listeria monocytogenes  /  lmo2300  /  oxidative stress  /  infection biology
张晓荟, 高宇杰, 葛同鑫, 王温馨, 许浩男, 宋若菲, 宋厚辉, 程昌勇, 韩月. 单增李斯特菌 lmo2300 介导的氧化应激和感染生物学作用. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (9) : 3946 -3958 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250118
Xiaohui ZHANG, Yujie GAO, Tongxin GE, Wenxin WANG, Haonan XU, Ruofei SONG, Houhui SONG, Changyong CHENG, Yue HAN. Oxidative stress resistance and infection mediated by lmo2300 of Listeria monocytogenes[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (9) : 3946 -3958 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250118
单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes, LM)作为一种常见的食源性病原菌,广泛存在于自然界的土壤、水源中,容易对食品加工、运输和储存等环节造成污染。该菌可通过破损的皮肤黏膜进入人体内,感染后能够引起李斯特病(listeriosis),高危人群主要包括孕妇、新生儿和免疫能力低下者,孕妇感染会引发妊娠中晚期的流产、死胎和早产,新生儿感染则更易引发败血症和脑膜炎,死亡率极高[1]
食品和卫生安全一直是社会广泛关注的问题。近年来,不少研究表明细菌的致病力与其对氧化应激的抵抗能力息息相关[2-3]。氧化胁迫对细菌来说是一种常见的应激环境。细菌在进行有氧呼吸的活动中会不可避免地产生一定量的活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS),活性氧浓度过高时会形成氧化应激环境,细菌持续暴露在高浓度的活性氧中会对细菌的生存和繁殖造成不利影响,破坏细菌的新陈代谢[4]。在医学和工业应用中,利用氧化应激来抑制或杀死有害细菌是一种常见的策略。例如,某些抗生素和消毒剂就是通过增加细菌内的活性氧水平来发挥作用的[5-6]。为了适应氧化胁迫,细菌也进化出了一些防御机制,比如抗氧化酶系统、DNA修复系统、非酶抗氧化剂等[7-8]。硫氧还蛋白作为一种非酶抗氧化剂,通过还原二硫键来保证蛋白质免受氧化损伤,是细菌抵抗氧化应激环境的重要研究对象[9]
Lmo2300在NCBI上注释为噬菌体A118的终止酶大亚基。蛋白结构模拟也显示Lmo2300与枯草芽孢杆菌等种属中的终止酶大亚基相似[10-12],但目前关于终止酶大亚基在细菌环境适应中的生物学功能尚未见报道。因此本研究以EGD-e为基础构建了lmo2300基因缺失株及回补株,并对其部分生物学特性进行了分析,以期为进一步探究EGD-e中的lmo2300的生物学功能奠定基础。
单增李斯特菌EGD-e野生株、大肠杆菌DH5α感受态、穿梭型质粒pKSV7、回补质粒pIMK2、人源肠上皮细胞(Caco-2)、小鼠单核巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)、小鼠成纤维细胞(L929)均由本实验室保存。
牛脑心浸出液培养基(brain-heart infusion broth, BHI)购自Oxoid公司;氯化钠、酵母浸出物、胰蛋白胨、琼脂糖、氨苄霉素(ampicillin, Amp)、氯霉素(chloramphenicol, Cm)、青霉素G (penicillin G, PenG)、卡那霉素(kanamycin, Kana)、庆大霉素(gentamicin, Gent)、DMEM高糖培养基(Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium)、胎牛血清、乙二胺四乙酸(ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, EDTA)均购自生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;HLingene PCR产物纯化回收试剂盒和HLingene质粒提取试剂盒均购自上海惠凌生物技术有限公司;限制性内切酶BamH Ⅰ、Kpn Ⅰ和T4 DNA连接酶均购自NEB公司;二硫苏糖醇(dithiothreitol, DTT)购自Sigma-Aldrich公司;牛胰岛素购自上海源叶生物科技有限公司。
胰蛋白胨大豆琼脂(tryptose soya agar, TSA)半固体培养基:NaCl 0.4 g、胰蛋白胨0.2 g和琼脂粉0.5 g,用ddH2O定容至200 mL,121 ℃灭菌15 min后充分摇匀。
PCR扩增lmo2300基因上游片段513 bp和下游片段508 bp,通过Overlap PCR获得融合片段,经BamH I和Kpn I酶切,连接至pKSV7质粒并转化至大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞中,用含有氨苄霉素抗性的LB平板筛选阳性克隆,经PCR鉴定和DNA测序鉴定正确后,抽提质粒电击转化至EGD-e感受态细胞中,通过氯霉素抗性环境和42 ℃环境温度刺激目的片段同源重组后,30 ℃培养细菌去除温敏质粒pKSV7,经PCR鉴定和DNA测序鉴定正确后,将缺失株命名为Δlmo2300[13]
根据启动子预测网站预测lmo2300启动子区域,以EGD-e基因组为模板PCR扩增含启动子区域的lmo2300片段1 495 bp,将片段与回补质粒pIMK2进行酶切连接后热转至大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞中,经PCR鉴定和DNA测序鉴定正确后,提取该质粒电击转化至Δlmo2300缺失株感受态细胞中,利用含有卡那霉素的BHI平板筛选阳性克隆,经PCR鉴定和DNA测序正确后,将回补株命名为CΔlmo2300[13-14]。以上步骤所需引物均由北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司合成(表1)。
将EGD-e、Δlmo2300在BHI平板上划线复苏,将CΔlmo2300在含有卡那霉素的BHI平板上划线复苏,挑取单菌落接种至BHI和含卡那霉素抗性的BHI液体培养基中,37 ℃、180 r/min培养8 h后,取1 mL菌液5 000 r/min离心5 min,使用PBS洗涤3次后重悬菌体,调整细菌密度为OD600=0.6 (约2.0×109 CFU/mL);将细菌1:100转接至100 mL的BHI液体培养基中,混匀后吸取200 µL液体于96孔板中,做3次平行,测量OD600数值并记录,37 ℃、180 r/min培养12 h,间隔1 h测量菌液OD600数值;绘制细菌生长曲线[15]
按照1.3节的方法准备OD600=0.6的菌体。使用微量移液枪吸取1 µL菌液,穿刺进TSA半固体培养基,置于37 ℃和30 ℃微生物恒温培养箱中,分别培养24 h和48 h。随后使用扫描仪对细菌运动圈拍照保存,量取细菌运动圈直径,使用GraphPad Prism 5绘制运动圈直径柱状图并进行统计学分析[15]
按照1.3节的方法准备OD600=0.6的菌体,将菌液10倍倍比稀释至10-6;将灭菌后的BHI固体培养基冷却至40 ℃左右,配制终浓度分别为11、12、13 mmol/L的H2O2培养基;终浓度分别为2、3、4 mmol/L的Diamide培养基;按照与Diamide相同终浓度配制ZnSO4、MnSO4和CdCl2培养基,混匀后静置冷却;待平板冷却后,依次在平板第一列加入10 µL的10-1的菌液(约2.0×108 CFU/mL),第二列加入10 µL的10-2的菌液(约2.0×107 CFU/mL),以此类推。静置风干后置于37 ℃温箱培养12-14 h,取出平板后扫描记录[16-17]
采用经典的胰岛素二硫键还原试验检测蛋白的还原酶活性[18]。本研究以硫氧还蛋白TrxA为阳性对照,以10 mmol/L PBS为阴性对照,以纯化的Lmo2300蛋白为待测蛋白。配制终体积200 μL的还原酶活性反应体系,其中含有终浓度2 mmol/L EDTA、1 mmol/L DTT、120 μmol/L胰岛素、10 μmol/L待测蛋白,使用10 mmol/L PBS补足200 μL并混合均匀后分装至96孔板中,每组实验设置3个平行,室温反应3 h,间隔10 min检测反应液在OD650下的吸光值。
将EGD-e、Δlmo2300、CΔlmo2300按照1.3节的方法培养至对数生长期,使用细菌比浊仪调整菌液浓度至0.5个麦氏单位(约1.0×108 CFU/mL)备用。根据美国临床和实验室标准化协会(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, CLSI)推荐的药敏试验抗生素选择原则以及《食源性疾病监测工作手册: 2022年版》[19]确定抗生素种类,设置抗生素的首孔浓度均为32 µg/mL,在96孔板第2-12列加入100 µL的BHI液体培养基,将200 µL抗生素加入第1列中并向后孔依次进行2倍倍比稀释,第二孔浓度为16 µg/mL,以此类推至第11列,在96孔板第1-10列、第12列加入100 µL菌液,第11列在抗生素中添加空白培养基设置为阴性对照,第12列在菌液中添加空白培养基为阳性对照,放置于37 ℃培养箱培养14-16 h,比较孔内液体浑浊状态,菌液浑浊程度小于或等于阴性对照孔,表明所加药物浓度可抑制孔内细菌生长,抑制细菌生长所使用的最低药物浓度为最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)[20-21]
本研究使用人结肠癌细胞模拟宿主肠道内环境,将培养好的Caco-2细胞按照2×105 CFU/孔的细胞密度铺于24孔细胞板内,37 ℃、5% CO2细胞培养箱培养过夜。
按照1.3节的方法准备OD600=0.6的菌体,使用PBS稀释至10‒2后按感染复数(multiplicity of infection, MOI)为10感染细胞。于细胞培养箱中分别培养0.5 h和2 h;0.5 h后取出细胞板,PBS洗涤2遍,将0.25% EDTA与ddH2O按照1:2混合为细胞裂解液,每孔加入1 mL细胞裂解液后置于冰上裂解8 min,裂解后用移液枪吹下细胞并收集,涡旋3-5 min破碎细胞,10倍倍比稀释后点板计数,统计黏附细菌量;1 h时更换培养基为含50 μg/mL庆大霉素的RPMI 1640培养基,继续培养2 h后收样,统计侵袭细菌量[22]
使用含20%血清的DMEM培养基将RAW264.7细胞复苏后按2×105个/孔的密度铺板于24孔细胞板内;培养细菌和细胞并洗涤调整后,按感染复数为0.2感染细胞,分别培养0.5、2、5和8 h收集细菌并统计;感染后1 h将培养液更换为含50 µg/mL庆大霉素的DMEM培养基,2 h后将庆大霉素的浓度降低为5 µg/mL[23]
通过EGD-e、Δlmo2300、CΔlmo2300感染小鼠成纤维细胞L929后产生的空斑直径、空斑数量分析各菌株在细胞间的迁移能力,以ΔactA、Δhly为阴性对照。
将细菌加至DMEM培养基中使细菌终浓度为2×107 CFU/mL,即以感染复数为10进行感染,将细胞板放置于37 ℃、5% CO2细胞培养箱感染1 h,中途每隔15 min取出细胞板轻柔晃动;1 h后培养基更换为含50 µg/mL庆大霉素的DMEM培养基,杀除胞外细菌继续培养1 h;取出细胞,PBS洗涤2遍,加入3 mL含0.7%低熔点琼脂、5 µg/mL庆大霉素和20% FBS的DMEM培养基,超净台中吹干后于细胞培养箱中倒置培养48 h;取出细胞板加入10%甲醛溶液37 ℃固定1 h,洗去甲醛并去除低熔点琼脂,放置于60 ℃烘箱中烘干30 min,随后加入1%结晶紫染液300 µL室温染色3 h,使用ddH2O轻柔洗涤细胞板后拍摄照片,统计空斑直径和数量,制作直径和数量柱状图,同时进行数据差异性分析[24-25]
以TRIzol法提取细菌的RNA,待检测所提RNA的浓度与纯度后将其反转录为cDNA置于-20 ℃备用。参考王喆设计的毒力基因、硫氧还蛋白基因荧光定量PCR引物和荧光定量PCR程序检测基因转录水平变化[26]
使用GraphPad Prism 8.0进行数据分析,所有结果均重复3次以上,使用t-test检验分析各组差异,结果采用mean±SD表示。其中*表示0.01<P<0.05,**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001,ns表示P>0.05。
以单增李斯特菌野生株EGD-e为模板,使用lmo2300-a front-UF和lmo2300-DR引物进行PCR验证。结果表明,野生株条带大小为2 296 bp,缺失株条带大小为1 090 bp,lmo2300缺失株条带大小相较于野生株减少了1 206 bp (图1A,泳道1和泳道2)。使用lmo2300-in-F/R引物进行PCR验证,突变株无条带(图1B,泳道1和泳道2),表明Δlmo2300缺失株构建成功。使用lmo2300-a front-UF和lmo2300-DR引物进行PCR验证,回补株条带与缺失株相似(图1A,泳道2和泳道3)。使用lmo2300-in-F/R引物进行PCR验证,野生株和回补株条带大小均为1 157 bp (图1B,泳道1和泳道3),表明Δlmo2300缺失株和CΔlmo2300回补株构建成功。
通过测定细菌在12 h内于BHI中的OD600数值绘制细菌生长曲线。如图2A所示,在37 ℃ BHI培养环境下lmo2300突变株的生长能力与EGD-e无差异(P>0.05)。细菌运动性结果如图2B所示,在37 ℃条件下野生株和突变株均无运动能力。在30 ℃条件下培养24 h后,野生株的运动圈直径平均为18.5 mm,缺失株的运动圈直径平均为19.0 mm,两者无统计学差异;48 h后野生株的运动圈直径平均为58.5 mm,缺失株的运动圈直径平均为55.5 mm,两者无统计学差异。结果表明,Δlmo2300的运动能力与EGD-e无明显变化(P>0.05,图2C)。综上所述,lmo2300基因缺失后细菌的生长能力不受影响,并且运动能力也无变化,表明lmo2300不参与调控细菌的运动和生长能力。
将EGD-e、Δlmo2300和CΔlmo2300的菌液倍比稀释后梯度滴加至添加含不同浓度H2O2、Diamide、MnSO4、ZnSO4、CuSO4和CdCl2的BHI平板上,通过观察生长细菌量检测各菌株抵抗氧化胁迫能力。依据能数出菌落的最小稀释梯度统计细菌存活数(图3)。结果显示,lmo2300突变株对ZnSO4、CuSO4和MnSO4的抵抗能力较EGD-e无差异;在2、3、4 mmol/L的Diamide胁迫中,野生株在稀释梯度为10-6时,平板上的菌落数分别为1、2和2个,缺失株的菌落数分别为22、19和8个,缺失株对2、3、4 mmol/L的Diamide的抵抗能力较野生株分别增加了22倍、8.5倍和4倍;在2 mmol/L、3 mmol/L的CdCl2胁迫下,10-5稀释的野生株的生长菌落数分别为7个和18个,缺失株在10-6稀释下,其菌落数均为9个,缺失株对2 mmol/L、3 mmol/L的CdCl2的抵抗能力较野生株分别增加了13倍和6.5倍;在2、3、4 mmol/L的MnSO4胁迫中,野生株在10-6稀释梯度下的菌落数分别为2、1和2个,缺失株的菌落数分别为7、9和6个,表明缺失株对2、3、4 mmol/L的MnSO4的抵抗能力较野生株分别增加了3.5倍、9倍和3倍;在11、12、13 mmol/L的H2O2胁迫中,野生株在10-5梯度下其菌落数分别为17、10和10个,缺失株在10-6稀释梯度下其生长菌落数分别为51、49和42个,表明缺失株对11、12、13 mmol/L的H2O2的抵抗能力较野生株提高了25倍到40倍。综上所述,lmo2300参与细菌抵抗H2O2、Diamide、MnSO4和CdCl2的氧化胁迫。
酶活测定结果如图4A所示,在反应的3 h内TrxA蛋白具有较高的还原酶活性,证明该实验成立。Lmo2300蛋白在OD650下的吸光值显著高于阴性对照组,表明Lmo2300蛋白具有还原酶活性,能够催化胰岛素还原,提示Lmo2300在细菌氧化应激中发挥作用。
为进一步探究Lmo2300如何影响单增李斯特菌抵抗氧化的能力、还原酶活性,以16S rRNA基因作为内参基因,比较了硫氧还蛋白家族基因trxAlmo1609lmo1903以及grx在Δlmo2300和野生株中的转录水平差异。如图4B所示,lmo1903grx在Δlmo2300中的转录水平较野生株上调了38倍和14倍,说明lmo2300通过上调lmo1903grx基因转录参与细菌抵抗氧化胁迫。
抗生素敏感性结果的判读参考CLSI M45[27]产单核细胞李斯特菌抗菌药物试验结果判断折点。MIC结果显示,EGD-e、Δlmo2300对氨苄西林、美罗培南和万古霉素的MIC值均分别为(0.50±0.00)、(0.125±0.000)、(0.00±0.00) μg/mL,数值均在判定标准的敏感范围内,即野生株和Δlmo2300对氨苄西林、美罗培南和万古霉素均敏感。Δlmo2300对四环素和环丙沙星的MIC值分别为(2.00±1.41) μg/mL和(2.00±0.00) μg/mL,EGD-e对四环素和环丙沙星的MIC值分别为(4.00±0.00) μg/mL和(2.00±0.00) μg/mL,即野生株和Δlmo2300对四环素和环丙沙星的敏感性均为中介(表2),表明lmo2300基因缺失不影响细菌的药物敏感性。
使用EGD-e、Δlmo2300、CΔlmo2300感染Caco-2细胞,以探究lmo2300基因缺失后在宿主肠道上皮细胞中的黏附和侵袭能力的变化。结果显示,野生株对细胞的黏附率为5.7%、缺失株为8.4%,野生株侵袭率为18.1%、缺失株为15.8%。黏附率与侵袭率相较于EGD-e无统计学差异(P>0.05,图5A5B)。
在对小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7中增殖能力的研究结果显示,Δlmo2300在RAW264.7细胞中的增殖能力较EGD-e无显著差异(P>0.05,图5C),表明lmo2300基因缺失不改变单增李斯特菌在宿主吞噬细胞中的增殖能力。
以在L929细胞中不形成空斑的Δhly、ΔactA为对照,确保实验结果的可靠性。空斑试验结果经统计学分析显示,Δlmo2300产生的空斑大小与野生株相比上升17.45%,差异极显著(***:P<0.001,图6A6B),空斑数量与野生株相比显著上升(*:0.01<P<0.05,图6A6C),结果表明lmo2300基因参与细菌在胞内的迁移。
为进一步探究lmo2300介导单增李斯特菌胞内迁移能力增强的原因,以16S rRNA作为内参基因对介导细菌胞间迁移的肌动蛋白actA和介导细胞膜裂解的磷脂酶蛋白plcA等毒力因子的转录水平进行检测,结果如图6D所示,lmo2300基因缺失后actA的转录水平上调7.5-8.8倍,表明Δlmo2300通过上调actA的转录水平增强其胞间迁移能力。
单增李斯特菌是一种广泛存在于环境中的细菌,可以在各种极端环境下生存和增殖,能够引起李斯特菌病。这种细菌主要通过食物传播,尤其是未经充分加热的乳制品、肉类、海鲜和即食食品。李斯特菌病对孕妇、新生儿、老年人和免疫系统较弱的人群尤其危险,可能导致严重的健康问题[28]。根据其表面抗原的不同,单增李斯特菌可以分为多个血清型。目前已知的单增李斯特菌血清型有13种,其中血清型1/2a、1/2b和4b是最常见的与人类疾病相关的血清型[29-30]。作为其1/2a血清型的野生株EGD-e备受关注。
本研究通过胰岛素二硫键还原试验发现Lmo2300具有还原酶活性,因此推测lmo2300参与抗氧化应激的生物学过程。本研究构建了lmo2300的缺失株和回补株,探究了突变株在生长、运动和抵抗外界环境氧化等方面的生物学功能。结果显示,在单增李斯特菌中lmo2300缺失后细菌的抗氧化应激能力增强,在李斯特菌抵抗氧化应激过程中发挥关键作用。已知硫氧还蛋白家族成员具有催化胰岛素还原的活性[15]。为进一步探究Lmo2300介导细菌抗氧化应激的原因,首先对其是否属于硫氧还蛋白家族成员进行了预测,发现其不包含硫氧还蛋白标志性序列“CXXC”,并非硫氧还蛋白家族的一员。为研究该基因是否通过影响硫氧还蛋白家族成员发挥抗氧化应激功能,随后对Δlmo2300中的关键硫氧还蛋白家族成员TrxA、Lmo1609、Lmo1903和Grx的转录水平进行了测定。结果显示,缺失lmo2300后Lmo1903和Grx的转录水平较野生株显著升高,由此推测Lmo2300缺失通过引起硫氧还蛋白家族基因水平上调,增强其抗氧化应激能力。
本研究发现,lmo2300基因的缺失不仅使细菌抵抗氧化应激的能力增强,而且使细菌在细胞间的迁移能力显著上升。已知李斯特菌的细胞间迁移能力与肌动蛋白相关。为探究lmo2300缺失引起胞间迁移能力增强的原因,研究检测了Δlmo2300中的actA的转录水平,结果显示lmo2300缺失导致细菌肌动蛋白基因actA上调,ActA表达受中央毒力调控因子PrfA控制[31]。结合Lmo2300缺失引起硫氧还蛋白家族基因水平上调,推测Lmo2300可能通过硫氧还蛋白系统影响PrfA的活性[32],间接促进细菌肌动蛋白尾巴的合成,从而增强其胞间迁移能力。
已知噬菌体终止酶是一种在噬菌体复制过程中起关键作用的蛋白质复合物,它通常由大亚基和小亚基组成,噬菌体终止酶大亚基在噬菌体的复制和组装过程中起着至关重要的作用,确保DNA能够被正确地包装到病毒颗粒中,从而完成病毒的生命周期[33]。本研究发现Lmo2300通过上调硫氧还蛋白家族成员和actA转录水平参与细菌抵抗氧化应激和胞间迁移过程,这与噬菌体基因与细菌基因之间存在调控互动相吻合[34-35]。结合本研究结果,推测Lmo2300可能通过以下2种途径参与细菌感染进程:其一,作为氧化还原传感器动态调节硫氧还蛋白系统的活性以维持胞内稳态;其二,通过蛋白互作网络影响actA等毒力效应因子的表达,从而增强细菌对宿主细胞的侵袭效率。然而,本研究主线聚焦于表型-基因功能的体外实验体系,尚未验证Δlmo2300菌株在宿主体内微环境中的氧化应激耐受性变化及其毒力表型。因此,后续研究将围绕2个关键问题展开:(1) Lmo2300是否通过硫氧还蛋白系统影响PrfA的活性?(2) 该基因的缺失是否会改变细菌在肝脾等靶器官中的定殖动力学?未来研究将整合动物模型,深度解析Lmo2300介导的氧化应激-毒力耦合机制。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1801000)
  • 国家自然科学基金(32473033)
  • 国家自然科学基金(32473026)
  • 浙江省杰出青年科学基金(LR25C180001)
  • 浙江省重点研发计划国际合作项目(2025C04009)
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2025年第65卷第9期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250118
  • 接收时间:2025-02-19
  • 首发时间:2026-02-07
  • 出版时间:2025-09-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-19
  • 录用日期:2025-05-08
基金
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1801000)
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1801000)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32473033)
国家自然科学基金(32473033)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32473026)
国家自然科学基金(32473026)
Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province for Distinguished Young Scholar(LR25C180001)
浙江省杰出青年科学基金(LR25C180001)
Key Research and Development International Cooperation Program of Zhejiang Province(2025C04009)
浙江省重点研发计划国际合作项目(2025C04009)
作者信息
    浙江农林大学 动物医学院,浙江省畜禽绿色生态健康养殖应用技术研究重点实验室,动物健康互联网检测技术浙江省工程研究中心,浙江省动物医学与健康管理国际科技合作基地,同一健康和食品安全“一带一路”国际联合实验室,中澳动物健康大数据分析联合实验室,浙江 杭州
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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