Article(id=1226956548807770928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226956547847275311, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250090, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1739116800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1746633600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-08, onlineDate=1770458836985, onlineDateStr=2026-02-07, pubDate=1756915200000, pubDateStr=2025-09-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770458836985, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770458836985, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770458836985, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226956547847275311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='9', pageStart='3821', pageEnd='4232', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770458836757, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770459153781, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226957877613605816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226956547847275311, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226957877613605817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226956547847275311, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3821, endPage=3833, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226956549147509556, articleId=1226956548807770928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Advances in diagnostic strategies for the pathogens ofLegionnaires’ disease, columnId=1192149543727808575, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Legionnaires’ disease, a serious pulmonary infection caused by Legionella, requires early diagnosis for effective treatment and favorable outcomes. Laboratory diagnostic methods primarily encompass isolation and culture, antigen detection, nucleic acid detection, and serological testing. Although isolation and culture are considered the gold standard, it is characterized by low sensitivity and extended culture duration. Antigen detection offers simple and fast operation but necessitates improved specificity. Nucleic acid detection, although being highly sensitive, has complex operation and high costs. Serological testing provides limited value for early diagnosis. Urine antigen detection, extensively employed globally, is limited to the detection of Legionella pneumophila serogroup I. Novel nucleic acid detection technologies, including digital PCR, isothermal amplification, and next-generation sequencing, present promising applications. Future research should aim to develop more streamlined, rapid, and sensitive detection methods to enhance the early diagnostic rate of Legionnaires’ disease.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jingyu WU, Lina HUANG, Songying OUYANG, Dongmei WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1226956549902484280, articleId=1226956548807770928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=军团菌肺炎病原体诊断策略研究进展, columnId=1192149543882997826, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

军团菌肺炎是一种由军团菌属引起的严重肺部感染,早期诊断对治疗和预后至关重要。实验室检测方法主要包括分离培养、抗原检测、核酸检测和血清学检测。分离培养是金标准,但灵敏度低,培养时间长;抗原检测操作简便快速,但特异性有待提高;核酸检测灵敏度高,但操作复杂、成本较高;血清学检测早期诊断价值有限。尿抗原检测是目前国际上广泛应用的早期诊断方法,但只能检测嗜肺军团菌Ⅰ型。多种新型核酸检测技术展现出良好的应用前景,例如数字PCR、等温扩增和二代测序技术。未来需要进一步研究开发更简便、快速、灵敏的检测方法,以提高军团菌肺炎的早期诊断率。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=aO2MgpOdEMbXkWCq3kyyag==, magXml=MRFnmukpfBekBbFZpfmKIA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=dcxuh7CvuumhAgmoOuOjZg==, pdfFileSize=1418116, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=34+u5n4u9SYHYaqHCQ1vAg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=nBkQklCQIriPXS/uTD1Emg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

作者贡献声明

吴靖渝:论文撰写并修改,图表制作;黄丽娜:论文撰写并修改;欧阳松应:论文审阅与校稿;王冬梅:文章选题设计、指导撰写与修改。

, authorsList=吴靖渝, 黄丽娜, 欧阳松应, 王冬梅)}, authors=[Author(id=1226964051381629404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1226964051511652835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, authorId=1226964051381629404, language=EN, stringName=Jingyu WU, firstName=Jingyu, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1226964051637481970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, authorId=1226964051381629404, language=CN, stringName=吴靖渝, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 福建师范大学 生命科学学院,福建 福州, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226964051100611010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964051113193923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, companyId=1226964051100611010, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964051125776837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, companyId=1226964051100611010, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 福建师范大学 生命科学学院,福建 福州)])]), Author(id=1226964051763311102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1226964051876557324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, authorId=1226964051763311102, language=EN, stringName=Lina HUANG, firstName=Lina, middleName=null, lastName=HUANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1226964052019163671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, authorId=1226964051763311102, language=CN, stringName=黄丽娜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 福建师范大学 生命科学学院,福建 福州, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226964051100611010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964051113193923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, companyId=1226964051100611010, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964051125776837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, companyId=1226964051100611010, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 福建师范大学 生命科学学院,福建 福州)])]), Author(id=1226964052132409894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1226964052270821943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, authorId=1226964052132409894, language=EN, stringName=Songying OUYANG, firstName=Songying, middleName=null, lastName=OUYANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
2 Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1226964052375679551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, authorId=1226964052132409894, language=CN, stringName=欧阳松应, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 福建师范大学 生命科学学院,福建 福州
2 福建师范大学,南方生物医学研究中心,福建 福州, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226964051100611010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964051113193923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, companyId=1226964051100611010, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964051125776837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, companyId=1226964051100611010, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 福建师范大学 生命科学学院,福建 福州)]), AuthorCompany(id=1226964051251605967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964051255800272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, companyId=1226964051251605967, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964051264188882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, companyId=1226964051251605967, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 福建师范大学,南方生物医学研究中心,福建 福州)])]), Author(id=1226964052484731465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=dmwang@fjnu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1226964052639920735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, authorId=1226964052484731465, language=EN, stringName=Dongmei WANG, firstName=Dongmei, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1226964052728001125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, authorId=1226964052484731465, language=CN, stringName=王冬梅, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 福建师范大学 生命科学学院,福建 福州, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226964051100611010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964051113193923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, companyId=1226964051100611010, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964051125776837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, companyId=1226964051100611010, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 福建师范大学 生命科学学院,福建 福州)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1226964052954493562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Legionnaires’ disease), Keyword(id=1226964053097099905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=nucleic acid amplification tests), Keyword(id=1226964053218734733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=antigen detection), Keyword(id=1226964053319398040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=军团菌肺炎), Keyword(id=1226964053411672736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=核酸分子扩增检测), Keyword(id=1226964053524918955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=抗原检测)], refs=[Reference(id=1226964056062472999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=31, issue=7, pageStart=872, pageEnd=875, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=刘庆, 李剑, 马挪亚, 黄露萍, 李勇, 王思思, 邹国英, 徐飞, journalName=实用预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘庆, 李剑, 马挪亚, 黄露萍, 李勇, 王思思, 邹国英, 徐飞. 下呼吸道六项病原菌多重核酸检测与传统细菌培养方法的比较[J]. 实用预防医学, 2024, 31(7): 872-875., articleTitle=下呼吸道六项病原菌多重核酸检测与传统细菌培养方法的比较, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964056192496438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=31, issue=7, pageStart=872, pageEnd=875, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=LIU Q, LI J, MA NY, HUANG LP, LI Y, WANG SS, ZOU GY, XU F, journalName=Practical Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Q, LI J, MA NY, HUANG LP, LI Y, WANG SS, ZOU GY, XU F. Comparative study of multiple nucleic acid tests with conventional bacterial culture methods for detection of six kinds of pathogenic bacteria in lower respiratory tract[J]. Practical Preventive Medicine, 2024, 31(7): 872-875 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964056297354045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=23, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=BELL H, CHINTALAPATI S, PATEL P, HALIM A, KITHAS A, SCHMALZLE SA, journalName=IDCases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BELL H, CHINTALAPATI S, PATEL P, HALIM A, KITHAS A, SCHMALZLE SA. Legionella longbeachae pneumonia: case report and review of reported cases in non-endemic countries[J]. IDCases, 2021, 23: e01050., articleTitle=Legionella longbeachae pneumonia: case report and review of reported cases in non-endemic countries, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964056414794569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=14, issue=10, pageStart=1011, pageEnd=1021, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=PHIN N, PARRY-FORD F, HARRISON T, STAGG HR, ZHANG N, KUMAR K, LORTHOLARY O, ZUMLA A, ABUBAKAR I, journalName=The Lancet Infectious Diseases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PHIN N, PARRY-FORD F, HARRISON T, STAGG HR, ZHANG N, KUMAR K, LORTHOLARY O, ZUMLA A, ABUBAKAR I. Epidemiology and clinical management of Legionnaires’ disease[J]. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2014, 14(10): 1011-1021., articleTitle=Epidemiology and clinical management of Legionnaires’ disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964056544818001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=23, issue=11, pageStart=727, pageEnd=732, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=MIYASHITA N, HIGA F, AOKI Y, KIKUCHI T, SEKI M, TATEDA K, MAKI N, UCHINO K, OGASAWARA K, KIYOTA H, WATANABE A, journalName=Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MIYASHITA N, HIGA F, AOKI Y, KIKUCHI T, SEKI M, TATEDA K, MAKI N, UCHINO K, OGASAWARA K, KIYOTA H, WATANABE A. Clinical presentation of Legionella pneumonia: evaluation of clinical scoring systems and therapeutic efficacy[J]. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, 2017, 23(11): 727-732., articleTitle=Clinical presentation of Legionella pneumonia: evaluation of clinical scoring systems and therapeutic efficacy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964056674841437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1982, volume=7, issue=4, pageStart=240, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=5, authorNames=康晓明, 汤忠群, 夏锡荣, journalName=解放军医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=康晓明, 汤忠群, 夏锡荣. 嗜肺军团菌感染1例报告[J]. 解放军医学杂志, 1982, 7(4): 240., articleTitle=嗜肺军团菌感染1例报告, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964056783893350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=27, issue=3, pageStart=208, pageEnd=210, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=6, authorNames=张丽霞, 张宝莹, 刘凡, journalName=环境与健康杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张丽霞, 张宝莹, 刘凡. 公共场所集中空调卫生管理现状及其冷却水嗜肺军团菌污染状况调查[J]. 环境与健康杂志, 2010, 27(3): 208-210., articleTitle=公共场所集中空调卫生管理现状及其冷却水嗜肺军团菌污染状况调查, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964056871973741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=27, issue=3, pageStart=208, pageEnd=210, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=7, authorNames=ZHANG LX, ZHANG BY, LIU F, journalName=Journal of Environment and Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG LX, ZHANG BY, LIU F. Investigation on sanitation administration and Legionella pneumophila contamination in central air conditioning system of public places[J]. Journal of Environment and Health, 2010, 27(3): 208-210 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964056951665524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=11, issue=1, pageStart=556, pageEnd=566, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=8, authorNames=QU JM, ZHANG J, CHEN Y, HUANG Y, XIE YS, ZHOU M, LI YP, SHI DW, XU JF, WANG QY, HE B, SHEN N, CAO B, SHE DY, SHI Y, SU X, ZHOU H, FAN H, YE F, ZHANG Q, journalName=Emerging Microbes & Infections, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QU JM, ZHANG J, CHEN Y, HUANG Y, XIE YS, ZHOU M, LI YP, SHI DW, XU JF, WANG QY, HE B, SHEN N, CAO B, SHE DY, SHI Y, SU X, ZHOU H, FAN H, YE F, ZHANG Q, et al. Aetiology of severe community acquired pneumonia in adults identified by combined detection methods: a multi-centre prospective study in China[J]. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 2022, 11(1): 556-566., articleTitle=Aetiology of severe community acquired pneumonia in adults identified by combined detection methods: a multi-centre prospective study in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964057056523131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=66, issue=9, pageStart=797, pageEnd=802, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=9, authorNames=ENGEL MF, van MANEN L, HOEPELMAN AM, THIJSEN S, OOSTERHEERT JJ, journalName=Journal of Clinical Pathology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ENGEL MF, van MANEN L, HOEPELMAN AM, THIJSEN S, OOSTERHEERT JJ. Diagnostic, therapeutic and economic consequences of a positive urinary antigen test for Legionella spp. in patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia: a 7-year retrospective evaluation[J]. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 2013, 66(9): 797-802., articleTitle=Diagnostic, therapeutic and economic consequences of a positive urinary antigen test for Legionella spp. in patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia: a 7-year retrospective evaluation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964057157186437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=15, issue=3, pageStart=506, pageEnd=526, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=10, authorNames=FIELDS BS, BENSON RF, BESSER RE, journalName=Clinical Microbiology Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FIELDS BS, BENSON RF, BESSER RE. Legionella and Legionnaires’ disease: 25 years of investigation[J]. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2002, 15(3): 506-526., articleTitle=Legionella and Legionnaires’ disease: 25 years of investigation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964057245266828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=26, issue=12, pageStart=966, pageEnd=968, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=11, authorNames=MELLICK LB, VERMA N, journalName=Pediatric Emergency Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MELLICK LB, VERMA N. The Mycoplasma pneumoniae and bullous myringitis myth[J]. Pediatric Emergency Care, 2010, 26(12): 966-968., articleTitle=The Mycoplasma pneumoniae and bullous myringitis myth, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964057333347222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=6, issue=10, pageStart=779, pageEnd=793, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=12, authorNames=NAMBU A, OZAWA K, KOBAYASHI N, TAGO M, journalName=World Journal of Radiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NAMBU A, OZAWA K, KOBAYASHI N, TAGO M. Imaging of community-acquired pneumonia: roles of imaging examinations, imaging diagnosis of specific pathogens and discrimination from noninfectious diseases[J]. World Journal of Radiology, 2014, 6(10): 779-793., articleTitle=Imaging of community-acquired pneumonia: roles of imaging examinations, imaging diagnosis of specific pathogens and discrimination from noninfectious diseases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964057463370654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=31, issue=1, pageStart=111, pageEnd=121, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=13, authorNames=CHAHIN A, OPAL SM, journalName=Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHAHIN A, OPAL SM. Severe pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila: differential diagnosis and therapeutic considerations[J]. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 2017, 31(1): 111-121., articleTitle=Severe pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila: differential diagnosis and therapeutic considerations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964057610171302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=28, issue=6, pageStart=686, pageEnd=691, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=14, authorNames=GACOUIN A, le TULZO Y, LAVOUE S, CAMUS C, HOFF J, BASSEN R, ARVIEUX C, HEURTIN C, THOMAS R, journalName=Intensive Care Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GACOUIN A, le TULZO Y, LAVOUE S, CAMUS C, HOFF J, BASSEN R, ARVIEUX C, HEURTIN C, THOMAS R. Severe pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila: prognostic factors, impact of delayed appropriate antimicrobial therapy[J]. Intensive Care Medicine, 2002, 28(6): 686-691., articleTitle=Severe pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila: prognostic factors, impact of delayed appropriate antimicrobial therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964057782137772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=63, issue=10, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=15, authorNames=JIA XY, REN HY, NIE XD, LI YN, LI JG, QIN T, journalName=Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIA XY, REN HY, NIE XD, LI YN, LI JG, QIN T. Antibiotic resistance and azithromycin resistance mechanism of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 in China[J]. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2019, 63(10): e00768-19., articleTitle=Antibiotic resistance and azithromycin resistance mechanism of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964057933132729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=153, issue=null, pageStart=107786, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=16, authorNames=MICHEL C, ECHAHIDI F, de MUYLDER G, SEWELL M, BOOSTROM I, DENIS O, SPILLER OB, PIERARD D, journalName=International Journal of Infectious Diseases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MICHEL C, ECHAHIDI F, de MUYLDER G, SEWELL M, BOOSTROM I, DENIS O, SPILLER OB, PIERARD D. Occurrence of macrolides resistance in Legionella pneumophila ST188: results of the Belgian epidemiology and resistome investigation of clinical isolates[J]. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2025, 153: 107786., articleTitle=Occurrence of macrolides resistance in Legionella pneumophila ST188: results of the Belgian epidemiology and resistome investigation of clinical isolates, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964058046378945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=110, issue=4, pageStart=116553, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=17, authorNames=LV JF, LIU C, FAN L, LUO P, LIU S, WU CF, journalName=Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LV JF, LIU C, FAN L, LUO P, LIU S, WU CF. Omadacycline for the treatment of severe Legionella pneumophila pneumonia complicated with multiple organ dysfunction: a case report[J]. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 2024, 110(4): 116553., articleTitle=Omadacycline for the treatment of severe Legionella pneumophila pneumonia complicated with multiple organ dysfunction: a case report, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964058151236555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=60, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=18, authorNames=GERSHENGORN HB, KEENE A, DZIERBA AL, WUNSCH H, journalName=Clinical Infectious Diseases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GERSHENGORN HB, KEENE A, DZIERBA AL, WUNSCH H. The association of antibiotic treatment regimen and hospital mortality in patients hospitalized with Legionella pneumonia[J]. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2015, 60: e66-79., articleTitle=The association of antibiotic treatment regimen and hospital mortality in patients hospitalized with Legionella pneumonia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964059573105623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=36, issue=1, pageStart=64, pageEnd=69, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=19, authorNames=MURDOCH DR, journalName=Clinical Infectious Diseases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MURDOCH DR. Diagnosis of Legionella infection[J]. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2003, 36(1): 64-69., articleTitle=Diagnosis of Legionella infection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964059682157534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=2162, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=20, authorNames=GIROLAMINI L, CAIAZZA P, MARINO F, PASCALE MR, CALIGARIS L, SPITERI S, DERELITTO C, SIMONE ML, GROTTOLA A, CRISTINO S, journalName=Scientific Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GIROLAMINI L, CAIAZZA P, MARINO F, PASCALE MR, CALIGARIS L, SPITERI S, DERELITTO C, SIMONE ML, GROTTOLA A, CRISTINO S. Identification of Legionella by MALDI Biotyper through three preparation methods and an in-house library comparing phylogenetic and hierarchical cluster results[J]. Scientific Reports, 2025, 15: 2162., articleTitle=Identification of Legionella by MALDI Biotyper through three preparation methods and an in-house library comparing phylogenetic and hierarchical cluster results, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964059812180963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=188, issue=null, pageStart=106292, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=21, authorNames=BLANCO S, SANZ C, GUTIÉRREZ MP, SIMARRO M, LÓPEZ I, ESCRIBANO I, EIROS JM, ZARZOSA P, ORDUÑA A, LÓPEZ JC, MARCH GA, journalName=Journal of Microbiological Methods, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BLANCO S, SANZ C, GUTIÉRREZ MP, SIMARRO M, LÓPEZ I, ESCRIBANO I, EIROS JM, ZARZOSA P, ORDUÑA A, LÓPEZ JC, MARCH GA. A new MALDI-TOF approach for the quick sequence type identification of Legionella pneumophila [J]. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2021, 188: 106292., articleTitle=A new MALDI-TOF approach for the quick sequence type identification of Legionella pneumophila, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964059929621484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=56, issue=11, pageStart=695, pageEnd=703, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=22, authorNames=EWIG S, TUSCHY P, FÄTKENHEUER G, journalName=Pneumologie, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EWIG S, TUSCHY P, FÄTKENHEUER G. Diagnosis and treatment of Legionella pneumonia[J]. Pneumologie, 2002, 56(11): 695-703., articleTitle=Diagnosis and treatment of Legionella pneumonia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964060030284789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=54, issue=2, pageStart=401, pageEnd=411, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=23, authorNames=AVNI T, BIEBER A, GREEN H, STEINMETZ T, LEIBOVICI L, PAUL M, journalName=Journal of Clinical Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AVNI T, BIEBER A, GREEN H, STEINMETZ T, LEIBOVICI L, PAUL M. Diagnostic accuracy of PCR alone and compared to urinary antigen testing for detection of Legionella spp.: a systematic review[J]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2016, 54(2): 401-411., articleTitle=Diagnostic accuracy of PCR alone and compared to urinary antigen testing for detection of Legionella spp.: a systematic review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964060164502523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=63, issue=1, pageStart=51, pageEnd=56, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=24, authorNames=ENDO M, JO T, KONISHI T, KUMAZAWA R, MATSUI H, YASUNAGA H, journalName=Internal Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ENDO M, JO T, KONISHI T, KUMAZAWA R, MATSUI H, YASUNAGA H. Association between the timing of urinary antigen testing and outcomes in Legionella pneumonia patients: a nationwide database study[J]. Internal Medicine, 2024, 63(1): 51-56., articleTitle=Association between the timing of urinary antigen testing and outcomes in Legionella pneumonia patients: a nationwide database study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964060239998976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=25, authorNames=许利明, 李伟丽, 于鹏鹤, 陶占领, 王新明, 付光宇, 吴学炜, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许利明, 李伟丽, 于鹏鹤, 陶占领, 王新明, 付光宇, 吴学炜. 一种嗜肺军团菌尿抗原ELISA试剂盒及其制备方法: CN116990509A[P]. 2023-11-03., articleTitle=一种嗜肺军团菌尿抗原ELISA试剂盒及其制备方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964060336467978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=26, authorNames=XU LM, LI WL, YU PH, TAO ZL, WANG XM, FU GY, WU XW, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU LM, LI WL, YU PH, TAO ZL, WANG XM, FU GY, WU XW. Legionella pneumophila urine antigen ELISA kit and preparation method thereof: CN116990509A[P]. 2023-11-03 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964060437131277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=36, issue=2, pageStart=97, pageEnd=107, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=27, authorNames=中国医师协会急诊医师分会, journalName=中国急救医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国医师协会急诊医师分会. 中国急诊重症肺炎临床实践专家共识[J]. 中国急救医学, 2016, 36(2): 97-107., articleTitle=中国急诊重症肺炎临床实践专家共识, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964060546183190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=215, issue=null, pageStart=120904, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=28, authorNames=LARIBI A, ALLEGRA S, SOUIRI M, MZOUGHI R, OTHMANE A, GIRARDOT F, journalName=Talanta, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LARIBI A, ALLEGRA S, SOUIRI M, MZOUGHI R, OTHMANE A, GIRARDOT F. Legionella pneumophila Sg1-sensing signal enhancement using a novel electrochemical immunosensor in dynamic detection mode[J]. Talanta, 2020, 215: 120904., articleTitle=Legionella pneumophila Sg1-sensing signal enhancement using a novel electrochemical immunosensor in dynamic detection mode, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964060701372455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=14, issue=6, pageStart=802, pageEnd=812, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=29, authorNames=KARIMIRAVESH R, MOHABATI MOBAREZ A, BEHMANESH M, NIKKHAH M, TALEBI BEZMIN ABADI A, ESMAEILLI S, journalName=Iranian Journal of Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KARIMIRAVESH R, MOHABATI MOBAREZ A, BEHMANESH M, NIKKHAH M, TALEBI BEZMIN ABADI A, ESMAEILLI S. Design of an optical nanobiosensor for detection of Legionella pneumophila in water samples[J]. Iranian Journal of Microbiology, 2022, 14(6): 802-812., articleTitle=Design of an optical nanobiosensor for detection of Legionella pneumophila in water samples, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964060818812975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=44, issue=5, pageStart=777, pageEnd=786, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=30, authorNames=XIONG LN, XIA MC, WANG QL, MENG Z, ZHANG J, YU GH, DONG ZY, LU YJ, SUN YH, journalName=Biotechnology Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIONG LN, XIA MC, WANG QL, MENG Z, ZHANG J, YU GH, DONG ZY, LU YJ, SUN YH. DNA aptamers specific for Legionella pneumophila: systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment in whole bacterial cells[J]. Biotechnology Letters, 2022, 44(5): 777-786., articleTitle=DNA aptamers specific for Legionella pneumophila: systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment in whole bacterial cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964061036916798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=31, authorNames=汪黎, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=汪黎. 嗜肺军团菌胶体金免疫层析检测试剂的研制[D]. 北京: 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院硕士学位论文, 2008., articleTitle=嗜肺军团菌胶体金免疫层析检测试剂的研制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964061137580100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=32, authorNames=WANG L, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG L. Development of a gold-immunochromatographic assay for the detection of Legionella pneumophila [D]. Beijing: Master’s Thesis of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2008 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964061275992139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=211, issue=null, pageStart=168, pageEnd=171, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=33, authorNames=BLANCO S, PRAT C, SáNCHEZ MD, FERRER D, PELLICER T, HABA L, LATORRE I, VILAPLANA C, AUSINA V, DOMíNGUEZ J, journalName=International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BLANCO S, PRAT C, SáNCHEZ MD, FERRER D, PELLICER T, HABA L, LATORRE I, VILAPLANA C, AUSINA V, DOMíNGUEZ J. Evaluation of a Legionella urinary antigen enzyme immunoassay for rapid detection of Legionella pneumophila in water samples[J]. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2008, 211: 168-171., articleTitle=Evaluation of a Legionella urinary antigen enzyme immunoassay for rapid detection of Legionella pneumophila in water samples, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964061410209877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=35, issue=7, pageStart=726, pageEnd=733, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=34, authorNames=ZHANG Q, LI J, WANG M, WANG Y, YANG B, HU Z, journalName=Laboratory Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Q, LI J, WANG M, WANG Y, YANG B, HU Z. Development of colloidal gold immunochromatography assay for the rapid detection of Legionella pneumophila [J]. Laboratory Medicine, 2020, 35(7): 726-733 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Development of colloidal gold immunochromatography assay for the rapid detection of Legionella pneumophila, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964061540233313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=6, pageStart=380, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=35, authorNames=PALADINES L, HASSEN WM, CHAWICH J, DÜBEL S, LÉVESQUE S, DUBOWSKI JJ, FROST EH, journalName=Biosensors, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PALADINES L, HASSEN WM, CHAWICH J, DÜBEL S, LÉVESQUE S, DUBOWSKI JJ, FROST EH. Investigation of conditions for capture of live Legionella pneumophila with polyclonal and recombinant antibodies[J]. Biosensors, 2022, 12(6): 380., articleTitle=Investigation of conditions for capture of live Legionella pneumophila with polyclonal and recombinant antibodies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964061661868139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=32, issue=1, pageStart=55, pageEnd=57, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=36, authorNames=汪黎, 朱虹, 端青, journalName=军事医学科学院院刊, refType=null, unstructuredReference=汪黎, 朱虹, 端青. 检测嗜肺军团菌胶体金免疫层析法的建立[J]. 军事医学科学院院刊, 2008, 32(1): 55-57., articleTitle=检测嗜肺军团菌胶体金免疫层析法的建立, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964061766725744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=32, issue=1, pageStart=55, pageEnd=57, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=37, authorNames=WANG L, ZHU H, DUAN Q, journalName=Bulletin of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG L, ZHU H, DUAN Q. Development of gold-immunochromatography assay for detection of Legionella pneumophila [J]. Bulletin of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 2008, 32(1): 55-57 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964061993218165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=61, issue=9, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=38, authorNames=HENNEBIQUE A, BIDART M, JARRAUD S, BERAUD L, SCHWEBEL C, MAURIN M, BOISSET S, journalName=Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HENNEBIQUE A, BIDART M, JARRAUD S, BERAUD L, SCHWEBEL C, MAURIN M, BOISSET S. Digital PCR for detection and quantification of fluoroquinolone resistance in Legionella pneumophila [J]. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2017, 61(9): e00628-17., articleTitle=Digital PCR for detection and quantification of fluoroquinolone resistance in Legionella pneumophila, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964062140018813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=51, issue=1, pageStart=348, pageEnd=351, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=39, authorNames=BENITEZ AJ, WINCHELL JM, journalName=Journal of Clinical Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BENITEZ AJ, WINCHELL JM. Clinical application of a multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Legionella species, Legionella pneumophila, and Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1[J]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2013, 51(1): 348-351., articleTitle=Clinical application of a multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Legionella species, Legionella pneumophila, and Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964062278430854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=4, issue=1, pageStart=76, pageEnd=80, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=40, authorNames=牛莉娅, 程欣, 郭玉梅, 王颖童, 阮杰, 亢继文, 孙殿兴, journalName=环境卫生学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=牛莉娅, 程欣, 郭玉梅, 王颖童, 阮杰, 亢继文, 孙殿兴. 军团菌双重荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立与应用[J]. 环境卫生学杂志, 2014, 4(1): 76-80., articleTitle=军团菌双重荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立与应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964062395871371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=4, issue=1, pageStart=76, pageEnd=80, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=41, authorNames=NIU LY, CHENG X, GUO YM, WANG YT, RUAN J, KANG JW, SUN DX, journalName=Journal of Environmental Hygiene, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NIU LY, CHENG X, GUO YM, WANG YT, RUAN J, KANG JW, SUN DX. Construction and application of duplex quantification fluorescence-PCR assay for Legionella detection[J]. Journal of Environmental Hygiene, 2014, 4(1): 76-80 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964062492340367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=35, issue=12, pageStart=1609, pageEnd=1611, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=42, authorNames=李达, 张晶波, 王永全, 彭晓旻, 卢立新, journalName=国际检验医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李达, 张晶波, 王永全, 彭晓旻, 卢立新. 应用实时荧光PCR检测各种环境标本中的嗜肺军团菌[J]. 国际检验医学杂志, 2014, 35(12): 1609-1611., articleTitle=应用实时荧光PCR检测各种环境标本中的嗜肺军团菌, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964062626558107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=35, issue=12, pageStart=1609, pageEnd=1611, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=43, authorNames=LI D, ZHANG JB, WANG YQ, PENG XM, LU LX, journalName=International Journal of Laboratory Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI D, ZHANG JB, WANG YQ, PENG XM, LU LX. Detection of Legionella pneumophilain various environmental samples by real-time PCR[J]. International Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2014, 35(12): 1609-1611 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964064019067037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=42, issue=5, pageStart=356, pageEnd=360, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=44, authorNames=冯华, 张传福, 史云, 靳连群, 王强, 戚红卷, 林彦峰, 胡晓丰, 董德荣, 刘雪林, journalName=军事医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=冯华, 张传福, 史云, 靳连群, 王强, 戚红卷, 林彦峰, 胡晓丰, 董德荣, 刘雪林. 嗜肺军团菌荧光定量PCR方法的建立及在公共场所集中空调检测中的应用[J]. 军事医学, 2018, 42(5): 356-360., articleTitle=嗜肺军团菌荧光定量PCR方法的建立及在公共场所集中空调检测中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964064111341730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=42, issue=5, pageStart=356, pageEnd=360, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=45, authorNames=FENG H, ZHANG CF, SHI Y, JIN LQ, WANG Q, QI HJ, LIN YF, HU XF, DONG DR, LIU XL, journalName=Military Medical Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FENG H, ZHANG CF, SHI Y, JIN LQ, WANG Q, QI HJ, LIN YF, HU XF, DONG DR, LIU XL. Establishment and application of fluorescence quantitative PCR to detecting Legionella pneumophila in central air conditioning water systems in public places[J]. Military Medical Sciences, 2018, 42(5): 356-360 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964064191033511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=92, issue=1, pageStart=179, pageEnd=187, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=46, authorNames=LU X, MO ZY, ZHAO HB, YAN H, SHI L, journalName=Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LU X, MO ZY, ZHAO HB, YAN H, SHI L. LAMP-based method for a rapid identification of Legionella spp. and Legionella pneumophila [J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2011, 92(1): 179-187., articleTitle=LAMP-based method for a rapid identification of Legionella spp. and Legionella pneumophila, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964064291696814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=27, issue=9, pageStart=1233, pageEnd=1236, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=47, authorNames=于纪棉, 李如松, 倪健波, 魏姣姣, 高峰, 王建峰, journalName=中国卫生检验杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=于纪棉, 李如松, 倪健波, 魏姣姣, 高峰, 王建峰. 嗜肺军团菌微滴式数字PCR检测方法的建立[J]. 中国卫生检验杂志, 2017, 27(9): 1233-1236, 1239., articleTitle=嗜肺军团菌微滴式数字PCR检测方法的建立, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964064396554420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=27, issue=9, pageStart=1233, pageEnd=1236, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=48, authorNames=YU JM, LI RS, NI JB, WEI JJ, GAO F, WANG JF, journalName=Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU JM, LI RS, NI JB, WEI JJ, GAO F, WANG JF. Establishment of droplet digital PCR assay for the detection of Legionella pneumophila [J]. Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology, 2017, 27(9): 1233-1236, 1239 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964064509800632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=1094877, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=49, authorNames=NISAR MA, ROSS KE, BROWN MH, BENTHAM R, BEST G, WHILEY H, journalName=Frontiers in Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NISAR MA, ROSS KE, BROWN MH, BENTHAM R, BEST G, WHILEY H. Detection and quantification of viable but non-culturable Legionella pneumophila from water samples using flow cytometry-cell sorting and quantitative PCR[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2023, 14: 1094877., articleTitle=Detection and quantification of viable but non-culturable Legionella pneumophila from water samples using flow cytometry-cell sorting and quantitative PCR, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964064635629764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=50, authorNames=徐凡, 王会敏, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐凡, 王会敏. 嗜肺军团菌的数字PCR检测的引物探针及其试剂盒与应用: CN117230220A[P]. 2023-12-15., articleTitle=嗜肺军团菌的数字PCR检测的引物探针及其试剂盒与应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964064744681671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=51, authorNames=XU F, WANG HM, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU F, WANG HM. Primer probe for digital PCR (polymerase chain reaction) detection of Legionella pneumophila as well as kit and application thereof: CN117230220A[P]. 2023-12-15 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964064857927883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=52, authorNames=应斌武, 刘堂喻亨, 王旻晋, 斯艳君, 赵珍珍, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=应斌武, 刘堂喻亨, 王旻晋, 斯艳君, 赵珍珍. 一种用于同步检测呼吸道感染中病原体的引物探针组合物、试剂盒及其检测方法: CN116377094A[P]. 2023-07-04., articleTitle=一种用于同步检测呼吸道感染中病原体的引物探针组合物、试剂盒及其检测方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964064987951311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=53, authorNames=YING BW, YUDO Y, WANG MJ, SI YJ, ZHAO ZZ, journalName=Primer probe composition, kit and detection method for synchronously detecting pathogens in respiratory tract infection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YING BW, YUDO Y, WANG MJ, SI YJ, ZHAO ZZ. Primer probe composition, kit and detection method for synchronously detecting pathogens in respiratory tract infection: CN116377094A[P]. 2023-07-04 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964065113780434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=22, issue=7, pageStart=6205, pageEnd=6212, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=54, authorNames=LEE ES, HAN J-S, journalName=Water Supply, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LEE ES, HAN J-S. Propidium monoazide-quantitative PCR to detect viable Legionella spp. in the supply process of tap water[J]. Water Supply, 2022, 22(7): 6205-6212., articleTitle=Propidium monoazide-quantitative PCR to detect viable Legionella spp. in the supply process of tap water, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964065231220953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=12, issue=null, pageStart=529, pageEnd=534, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=55, authorNames=MOOSAVIAN M, SEYED-MOHAMMADI S, SAKI M, SHAHI F, KHOSHKHOLGH SIMA M, AFSHAR D, BARATI S, journalName=Infection and Drug Resistance, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MOOSAVIAN M, SEYED-MOHAMMADI S, SAKI M, SHAHI F, KHOSHKHOLGH SIMA M, AFSHAR D, BARATI S. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of Legionella pneumophila in respiratory specimens of hospitalized patients in Ahvaz, southwest Iran[J]. Infection and Drug Resistance, 2019, 12: 529-534., articleTitle=Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of Legionella pneumophila in respiratory specimens of hospitalized patients in Ahvaz, southwest Iran, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964065419964638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=46, issue=1, pageStart=185, pageEnd=191, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=56, authorNames=LOENS K, BECK T, URSI D, OVERDIJK M, SILLEKENS P, GOOSSENS H, IEVEN M, journalName=Journal of Clinical Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LOENS K, BECK T, URSI D, OVERDIJK M, SILLEKENS P, GOOSSENS H, IEVEN M. Development of real-time multiplex nucleic acid sequence-based amplification for detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Legionella spp. in respiratory specimens[J]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2008, 46(1): 185-191., articleTitle=Development of real-time multiplex nucleic acid sequence-based amplification for detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Legionella spp. in respiratory specimens, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964065545793769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=9, pageStart=932, pageEnd=935, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=57, authorNames=宋曼, 石秀梅, 唐兵, 朱光发, journalName=心肺血管病杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宋曼, 石秀梅, 唐兵, 朱光发. 呼吸道病原体核酸恒温扩增芯片十三联检在肺炎患者中的应用[J]. 心肺血管病杂志, 2021, 40(9): 932-935., articleTitle=呼吸道病原体核酸恒温扩增芯片十三联检在肺炎患者中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964065667428591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=9, pageStart=932, pageEnd=935, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=58, authorNames=SONG M, SHI XM, TANG B, ZHU GF, journalName=Journal of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Diseases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SONG M, SHI XM, TANG B, ZHU GF. Application of endostatic amplification chips for respiratory pathogen nucleic acid in pneumonia patients[J]. Journal of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Diseases, 2021, 40(9): 932-935 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964065789063413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=12, issue=2, pageStart=171, pageEnd=174, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=59, authorNames=李艳燕, 高美丽, 赛亚飞, 傅恩清, journalName=中华肺部疾病杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李艳燕, 高美丽, 赛亚飞, 傅恩清. 呼吸道病原体核酸恒温扩增芯片十三联检在下呼吸道感染诊断中的价值[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2019, 12(2): 171-174., articleTitle=呼吸道病原体核酸恒温扩增芯片十三联检在下呼吸道感染诊断中的价值, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964065990390010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=12, issue=2, pageStart=171, pageEnd=174, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=60, authorNames=LI YY, GAO ML, SAI YF, FU EQ, journalName=Chinese Journal of Lung Diseases (Electronic Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI YY, GAO ML, SAI YF, FU EQ. Clinical values of loop-mediated amplification chip in diagnosing lower respiratory infections[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Lung Diseases (Electronic Edition), 2019, 12(2): 171-174 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964066128802048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=29, issue=2, pageStart=86, pageEnd=91, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=61, authorNames=OMICCIOLI E, SCHIAVANO GF, CEPPETELLI V, AMAGLIANI G, MAGNANI M, BRANDI G, journalName=Molecular and Cellular Probes, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OMICCIOLI E, SCHIAVANO GF, CEPPETELLI V, AMAGLIANI G, MAGNANI M, BRANDI G. Validation according to ISO/TS 12869: 2012 of a molecular method for the isolation and quantification of Legionella spp. in water[J]. Molecular and Cellular Probes, 2015, 29(2): 86-91., articleTitle=Validation according to ISO/TS 12869: 2012 of a molecular method for the isolation and quantification of Legionella spp. in water, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964066246242568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=12, issue=5, pageStart=961, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=62, authorNames=CARUSO G, CONIGLIO MA, LAGANÀ P, FASCIANA T, ARCOLEO G, ARRIGO I, Di CARLO P, PALERMO M, GIAMMANCO A, journalName=Microorganisms, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CARUSO G, CONIGLIO MA, LAGANÀ P, FASCIANA T, ARCOLEO G, ARRIGO I, Di CARLO P, PALERMO M, GIAMMANCO A. Validation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based kit for the detection of Legionella pneumophila in environmental samples according to ISO/TS 12869: 2012[J]. Microorganisms, 2024, 12(5): 961., articleTitle=Validation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based kit for the detection of Legionella pneumophila in environmental samples according to ISO/TS 12869: 2012, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964066393043213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=22, issue=1, pageStart=20, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=63, authorNames=JIANG LX, GU RM, LI XM, SONG MJ, HUANG XJ, MU DG, journalName=BMC Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG LX, GU RM, LI XM, SONG MJ, HUANG XJ, MU DG. Multiple cross displacement amplification coupled with lateral flow biosensor (MCDA-LFB) for rapid detection of Legionella pneumophila [J]. BMC Microbiology, 2022, 22(1): 20., articleTitle=Multiple cross displacement amplification coupled with lateral flow biosensor (MCDA-LFB) for rapid detection of Legionella pneumophila, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964066535649556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=67, issue=null, pageStart=20, pageEnd=24, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=64, authorNames=FAN SY, REN HT, WEI YP, MAO CH, MA ZZ, ZHANG L, WANG L, GE Y, LI TS, CUI LY, WU HL, GUAN HZ, journalName=International Journal of Infectious Diseases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAN SY, REN HT, WEI YP, MAO CH, MA ZZ, ZHANG L, WANG L, GE Y, LI TS, CUI LY, WU HL, GUAN HZ. Next-generation sequencing of the cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of neurobrucellosis[J]. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2018, 67: 20-24., articleTitle=Next-generation sequencing of the cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of neurobrucellosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964066657284379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=51, issue=10, pageStart=877, pageEnd=883, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=65, authorNames=郜亚敏, 熊滨, 向淑麟, 蒋玲玉, 李紫晴, 计德斌, journalName=右江医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郜亚敏, 熊滨, 向淑麟, 蒋玲玉, 李紫晴, 计德斌. 5例军团菌重症肺炎患者的临床诊治分析[J]. 右江医学, 2023, 51(10): 877-883., articleTitle=5例军团菌重症肺炎患者的临床诊治分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964066757947680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=51, issue=10, pageStart=877, pageEnd=883, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=66, authorNames=GAO YM, XIONG B, XIANG SL, JIANG LY, LI ZQ, JI DB, journalName=Chinese Youjiang Medical Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO YM, XIONG B, XIANG SL, JIANG LY, LI ZQ, JI DB. Analysis of clinical diagnosis and treatment of 5 patients with severe pneumonia caused by Legionella [J]. Chinese Youjiang Medical Journal, 2023, 51(10): 877-883 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964066846028070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=76, issue=3, pageStart=307, pageEnd=310, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=67, authorNames=AI JW, ZHANG HC, CUI P, XU B, GAO Y, CHENG Q, LI T, WU HL, ZHANG WH, journalName=Journal of Infection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AI JW, ZHANG HC, CUI P, XU B, GAO Y, CHENG Q, LI T, WU HL, ZHANG WH. Dynamic and direct pathogen load surveillance to monitor disease progression and therapeutic efficacy in central nervous system infection using a novel semi-quantitive sequencing platform[J]. Journal of Infection, 2018, 76(3): 307-310., articleTitle=Dynamic and direct pathogen load surveillance to monitor disease progression and therapeutic efficacy in central nervous system infection using a novel semi-quantitive sequencing platform, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964066971857194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=20, issue=9, pageStart=1282, pageEnd=1286, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=68, authorNames=宁宁, 陈强, 王双, 江超花, 丁国际, journalName=检验医学与临床, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宁宁, 陈强, 王双, 江超花, 丁国际. 肺泡灌洗液二代测序在儿童社区获得性肺炎诊疗中的应用价值[J]. 检验医学与临床, 2023, 20(9): 1282-1286., articleTitle=肺泡灌洗液二代测序在儿童社区获得性肺炎诊疗中的应用价值, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964067068326191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=20, issue=9, pageStart=1282, pageEnd=1286, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=69, authorNames=NING N, CHEN Q, WANG S, JIANG CH, DING GJ, journalName=Laboratory Medicine and Clinic, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NING N, CHEN Q, WANG S, JIANG CH, DING GJ. Application value of next-generation sequencing of alveolar lavage fluid in diagnosis and treatment of community acquired pneumonia in children[J]. Laboratory Medicine and Clinic, 2023, 20(9): 1282-1286 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964067210932531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=60, issue=7, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=70, authorNames=GASTON DC, MILLER HB, FISSEL JA, JACOBS E, GOUGH E, WU JJ, KLEIN EY, CARROLL KC, SIMNER PJ, journalName=Journal of Clinical Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GASTON DC, MILLER HB, FISSEL JA, JACOBS E, GOUGH E, WU JJ, KLEIN EY, CARROLL KC, SIMNER PJ. Evaluation of metagenomic and targeted next-generation sequencing workflows for detection of respiratory pathogens from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens[J]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2022, 60(7): e0052622., articleTitle=Evaluation of metagenomic and targeted next-generation sequencing workflows for detection of respiratory pathogens from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964068582469943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=38, issue=5, pageStart=164, pageEnd=167, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=71, authorNames=王桐, 李军, journalName=继续医学教育, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王桐, 李军. 靶向二代基因测序协助诊治军团菌肺炎1例[J]. 继续医学教育, 2024, 38(5): 164-167., articleTitle=靶向二代基因测序协助诊治军团菌肺炎1例, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964068699910459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=38, issue=5, pageStart=164, pageEnd=167, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=72, authorNames=WANG T, LI J, journalName=Continuing Medical Education, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG T, LI J. A case of Legionella pneumonitis diagnosed and treated with the assistance of targeted next-generation gene sequencing[J]. Continuing Medical Education, 2024, 38(5): 164-167 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964068800573754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=62, issue=4, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=73, authorNames=WEEBER P, SINGH N, LAPIERRE P, MINGLE LS, WROBLEWSKI D, NAZARIAN EJ, HAAS W, WEISS D, MUSSER KA, journalName=Journal of Clinical Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEEBER P, SINGH N, LAPIERRE P, MINGLE LS, WROBLEWSKI D, NAZARIAN EJ, HAAS W, WEISS D, MUSSER KA. A novel hybridization capture method for direct whole genome sequencing of clinical specimens to inform Legionnaires’ disease investigations[J]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2024, 62(4): e0130523., articleTitle=A novel hybridization capture method for direct whole genome sequencing of clinical specimens to inform Legionnaires’ disease investigations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964068959957313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=74, authorNames=陈思嘉, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈思嘉. 基于CRISPR/Cas13a系统的嗜肺军团菌、流感嗜血杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌高敏感现场检测技术研究[D]. 沈阳: 中国医科大学硕士学位论文, 2023., articleTitle=基于CRISPR/Cas13a系统的嗜肺军团菌、流感嗜血杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌高敏感现场检测技术研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964069039649094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=75, authorNames=CHEN SJ, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN SJ. A study of Legionella pneumophila, Haemophilus influenzae and Klebsiella pneumoniae highly sensitive on-site detection technique based on CRISPR/Cas13a system[D]. Shenyang: Master’s Thesis of China Medical University, 2023 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964069148701003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=76, authorNames=吕斌, 徐成慧, 乐英资, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吕斌, 徐成慧, 乐英资. 一种细菌快速检测方法和试剂盒: CN117965763A[P]. 2024-05-03., articleTitle=一种细菌快速检测方法和试剂盒, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964069270335825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=77, authorNames=LYU B, XU CH, LE YZ, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LYU B, XU CH, LE YZ. Rapid bacterium detection method and kit: CN117965763A[P]. 2024-05-03 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964069379387733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=403, issue=null, pageStart=135187, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[61], rfOrder=78, authorNames=QIU Y, CAO GH, SHI MM, ZHOU SY, YANG NN, WANG Y, NIE FP, HUO DQ, HOU CJ, journalName=Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIU Y, CAO GH, SHI MM, ZHOU SY, YANG NN, WANG Y, NIE FP, HUO DQ, HOU CJ. Dual-mode biosensors for ultrasensitive detection of Legionella pneumophila using CRISPR/Cas12a integrated recombinase polymerase amplification[J]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2024, 403: 135187., articleTitle=Dual-mode biosensors for ultrasensitive detection of Legionella pneumophila using CRISPR/Cas12a integrated recombinase polymerase amplification, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964069551354199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=35, issue=9, pageStart=1039, pageEnd=1046, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=79, authorNames=BENIN AL, BENSON RF, BESSER RE, journalName=Clinical Infectious Diseases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BENIN AL, BENSON RF, BESSER RE. Trends in legionnaires disease, 1980–1998: declining mortality and new patterns of diagnosis[J]. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2002, 35(9): 1039-1046., articleTitle=Trends in legionnaires disease, 1980–1998: declining mortality and new patterns of diagnosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964069660406108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1983, volume=147, issue=1, pageStart=23, pageEnd=31, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=80, authorNames=WILKINSON HW, REINGOLD AL, BRAKE BJ, McGIBONEY DL, GORMAN GW, BROOME CV, journalName=The Journal of Infectious Diseases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WILKINSON HW, REINGOLD AL, BRAKE BJ, McGIBONEY DL, GORMAN GW, BROOME CV. Reactivity of serum from patients with suspected legionellosis against 29 antigens of Legionellaceae and Legionella-like organisms by indirect immunofluorescence assay[J]. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1983, 147(1): 23-31., articleTitle=Reactivity of serum from patients with suspected legionellosis against 29 antigens of Legionellaceae and Legionella-like organisms by indirect immunofluorescence assay, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964069761069404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1980, volume=121, issue=2, pageStart=317, pageEnd=327, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[64], rfOrder=81, authorNames=EDELSTEIN PH, MEYER RD, FINEGOLD SM, journalName=The American Review of Respiratory Disease, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EDELSTEIN PH, MEYER RD, FINEGOLD SM. Laboratory diagnosis of Legionnaires’ disease[J]. The American Review of Respiratory Disease, 1980, 121(2): 317-327., articleTitle=Laboratory diagnosis of Legionnaires’ disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964069849149791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=11, issue=1, pageStart=29, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[65], rfOrder=82, authorNames=HE SH, LI S, WENG L, journalName=Intensive Care Medicine Experimental, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HE SH, LI S, WENG L. False-positive Legionella pneumophila antibodies in COVID-19 patients[J]. Intensive Care Medicine Experimental, 2023, 11(1): 29., articleTitle=False-positive Legionella pneumophila antibodies in COVID-19 patients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964069945618785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=3, pageStart=499, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[66], rfOrder=83, authorNames=RICCÒ M, FERRARO P, PERUZZI S, ZANIBONI A, RANZIERI S, journalName=Microorganisms, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RICCÒ M, FERRARO P, PERUZZI S, ZANIBONI A, RANZIERI S. SARS-CoV-2-Legionella co-infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020-2021)[J]. Microorganisms, 2022, 10(3): 499., articleTitle=SARS-CoV-2-Legionella co-infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020-2021), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964070029504869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=9, pageStart=1000, pageEnd=1006, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[67], rfOrder=84, authorNames=ALHOUFIE ST, IBRAHIM NA, ALSHARIF NH, ALFAROUK KO, MAKHDOOM HM, ALJABRI KR, SAEED SH, KHOUMAEYS AA, ALMUTAWIF YA, NAJIM MA, ALI HM, ALJIFRI AA, KHEYAMI AM, ALHAZMI AA, journalName=Saudi Medical Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALHOUFIE ST, IBRAHIM NA, ALSHARIF NH, ALFAROUK KO, MAKHDOOM HM, ALJABRI KR, SAEED SH, KHOUMAEYS AA, ALMUTAWIF YA, NAJIM MA, ALI HM, ALJIFRI AA, KHEYAMI AM, ALHAZMI AA. Seroprevalence of community-acquired atypical bacterial pneumonia among adult COVID-19 patients from a single center in Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cohort study[J]. Saudi Medical Journal, 2022, 43(9): 1000-1006., articleTitle=Seroprevalence of community-acquired atypical bacterial pneumonia among adult COVID-19 patients from a single center in Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cohort study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964070121779559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=190, issue=12, pageStart=6329, pageEnd=6339, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[68], rfOrder=85, authorNames=BARRY KC, FONTANA MF, PORTMAN JL, DUGAN AS, VANCE RE, journalName=The Journal of Immunology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BARRY KC, FONTANA MF, PORTMAN JL, DUGAN AS, VANCE RE. IL-1α signaling initiates the inflammatory response to virulent Legionella pneumophila in vivo [J]. The Journal of Immunology, 2013, 190(12): 6329-6339., articleTitle=IL-1α signaling initiates the inflammatory response to virulent Legionella pneumophila in vivo, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964070226637163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[69], rfOrder=86, authorNames=胡征, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡征. 人嗜肺军团菌表面蛋白单克隆抗体及抗原捕获ELISA试剂盒: CN110540972A[P]. 2019-12-06., articleTitle=人嗜肺军团菌表面蛋白单克隆抗体及抗原捕获ELISA试剂盒, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964070310523246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[69], rfOrder=87, authorNames=null, journalName=HU Z, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU Z. Human. pneumophila surface protein monoclonal antibody and antigen capture ELISA kit: CN110540972A[P]. 2019-12-06 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964070415380848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=120, pageStart=55146, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[70], rfOrder=88, authorNames=JUNG AL, HOFFMANN K, HERKT CE, SCHULZ C, BERTRAMS W, SCHMECK B, journalName=Journal of Visualized Experiments, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JUNG AL, HOFFMANN K, HERKT CE, SCHULZ C, BERTRAMS W, SCHMECK B. Legionella pneumophila outer membrane vesicles: isolation and analysis of their pro-inflammatory potential on macrophages[J]. Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2017(120): 55146., articleTitle=Legionella pneumophila outer membrane vesicles: isolation and analysis of their pro-inflammatory potential on macrophages, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964070495072629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=4, issue=4, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[71], rfOrder=89, authorNames=WANG F, HO PY, KAM C, YANG QZ, LIU JZ, WANG WP, ZHAO EG, CHEN SJ, journalName=Aggregate, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG F, HO PY, KAM C, YANG QZ, LIU JZ, WANG WP, ZHAO EG, CHEN SJ. An AIE-active probe for efficient detection and high-throughput identification of outer membrane vesicles[J]. Aggregate, 2023, 4(4): e312., articleTitle=An AIE-active probe for efficient detection and high-throughput identification of outer membrane vesicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964070574764409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=10, issue=1, pageStart=9145, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[72], rfOrder=90, authorNames=SAAD M, CHINERMAN D, TABRIZIAN M, FAUCHER SP, journalName=Scientific Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SAAD M, CHINERMAN D, TABRIZIAN M, FAUCHER SP. Identification of two aptamers binding to Legionella pneumophila with high affinity and specificity[J]. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10(1): 9145., articleTitle=Identification of two aptamers binding to Legionella pneumophila with high affinity and specificity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964070646067575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=14132, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[73], rfOrder=91, authorNames=SHAUKAT A, CHROUDA A, SADAF S, ALHAMLAN F, EISSA S, ZOUROB M, journalName=Scientific Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHAUKAT A, CHROUDA A, SADAF S, ALHAMLAN F, EISSA S, ZOUROB M. Cell-SELEX for aptamer discovery and its utilization in constructing electrochemical biosensor for rapid and highly sensitive detection of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1[J]. Scientific Reports, 2024, 14: 14132., articleTitle=Cell-SELEX for aptamer discovery and its utilization in constructing electrochemical biosensor for rapid and highly sensitive detection of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964070759313785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=61, issue=null, pageStart=103, pageEnd=106, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[74], rfOrder=92, authorNames=NAQVI A, KAPOOR S, PRADHAN M, DICPINIGAITIS PV, journalName=Journal of Critical Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NAQVI A, KAPOOR S, PRADHAN M, DICPINIGAITIS PV. Outcomes of severe Legionella pneumonia requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)[J]. Journal of Critical Care, 2021, 61: 103-106., articleTitle=Outcomes of severe Legionella pneumonia requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964070843199867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=387, issue=10016, pageStart=376, pageEnd=385, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[75], rfOrder=93, authorNames=CUNHA BA, BURILLO A, BOUZA E, journalName=The Lancet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CUNHA BA, BURILLO A, BOUZA E. Legionnaires’ disease[J]. The Lancet, 2016, 387(10016): 376-385., articleTitle=Legionnaires’ disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964070922891647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=572, issue=7769, pageStart=387, pageEnd=391, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[76], rfOrder=94, authorNames=GAN NH, ZHEN XK, LIU Y, XU XL, HE CL, QIU JZ, LIU YC, FUJIMOTO GM, NAKAYASU ES, ZHOU B, ZHAO L, PUVAR K, DAS C, OUYANG SY, LUO ZQ, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAN NH, ZHEN XK, LIU Y, XU XL, HE CL, QIU JZ, LIU YC, FUJIMOTO GM, NAKAYASU ES, ZHOU B, ZHAO L, PUVAR K, DAS C, OUYANG SY, LUO ZQ. Regulation of phosphoribosyl ubiquitination by a calmodulin-dependent glutamylase[J]. Nature, 2019, 572(7769): 387-391., articleTitle=Regulation of phosphoribosyl ubiquitination by a calmodulin-dependent glutamylase, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964070994194815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=7, issue=12, pageStart=2000871, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[77], rfOrder=95, authorNames=GUAN HX, FU JQ, YU T, WANG ZX, GAN NH, HUANG YN, PERČULIJA V, LI Y, LUO ZQ, OUYANG SY, journalName=Advanced Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUAN HX, FU JQ, YU T, WANG ZX, GAN NH, HUANG YN, PERČULIJA V, LI Y, LUO ZQ, OUYANG SY. Molecular basis of ubiquitination catalyzed by the bacterial transglutaminase MavC[J]. Advanced Science, 2020, 7(12): 2000871., articleTitle=Molecular basis of ubiquitination catalyzed by the bacterial transglutaminase MavC, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226964071061303683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=1, issue=1, pageStart=51, pageEnd=65, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[78], rfOrder=96, authorNames=FU JQ, LI PW, GUAN HX, HUANG D, SONG L, OUYANG SY, LUO ZQ, journalName=mLife, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FU JQ, LI PW, GUAN HX, HUANG D, SONG L, OUYANG SY, LUO ZQ. Legionella pneumophila temporally regulates the activity of ADP/ATP translocases by reversible ADP-ribosylation[J]. mLife, 2022, 1(1): 51-65., articleTitle=Legionella pneumophila temporally regulates the activity of ADP/ATP translocases by reversible ADP-ribosylation, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1226964055655625471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, awardId=82172287, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(82172287), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226964055760483081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, awardId=82172287, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(82172287), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226964051100611010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964051113193923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, companyId=1226964051100611010, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964051125776837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, companyId=1226964051100611010, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 福建师范大学 生命科学学院,福建 福州)]), AuthorCompany(id=1226964051251605967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964051255800272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, companyId=1226964051251605967, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226964051264188882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, companyId=1226964051251605967, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 福建师范大学,南方生物医学研究中心,福建 福州)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1226964055047451329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Isolation of outer membrane vesicles of Legionella and schematic diagram of their detection by fluorescent probes. A: Liquid culture of Legionella pneumophila; B: Isolation of outer membrane vesicles; C: Schematic diagram of OTM detection of bacterial outer membrane vesicles., figureFileSmall=xGICpkRiIHTrSw5HyCfTbg==, figureFileBig=9xuaj4hfA0f/03luvAk4qA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964055211029196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, language=CN, label=图1, caption=军团菌的外膜囊泡分离以及荧光探针检测示意图。A:嗜肺军团菌的液体培养;B:外膜囊泡的分离;C:荧光探针检测细菌外膜囊泡示意图。, figureFileSmall=xGICpkRiIHTrSw5HyCfTbg==, figureFileBig=9xuaj4hfA0f/03luvAk4qA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226964055341052634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of nucleic acid detection methods for Legionella

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

方法

Method

靶点

Target

检测限

Detection limit

参考文献

References

d-PCRgryA0.1% of mutated gyrA sequences[34]
q-PCR+SangergryA50% of mutated gyrA sequences[34]
q-PCRgryA10% of mutated gyrA sequences[34]
q-PCRLegionella (ssrA)ssrA: 25 fg[35]
q-PCRL. pneumophila (mip)mip: 25 fg[35]
q-PCRL. pneumophila sg1 (wzm)wzm: 25 fg[35]
q-PCR23S rRNA+mip8 CFU/mL[36]
q-PCRmip6 CFU/mL[37]
q-PCRmip6.60 pg/μL[38]
LAMP16S rRNA5.2-52.0 copies/µL[39]
d-PCRmip42.6 fg, 300 CFU/mL[40]
), ArticleFig(id=1226964055450104556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226956548807770928, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

军团菌的核酸检测方法比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

方法

Method

靶点

Target

检测限

Detection limit

参考文献

References

d-PCRgryA0.1% of mutated gyrA sequences[34]
q-PCR+SangergryA50% of mutated gyrA sequences[34]
q-PCRgryA10% of mutated gyrA sequences[34]
q-PCRLegionella (ssrA)ssrA: 25 fg[35]
q-PCRL. pneumophila (mip)mip: 25 fg[35]
q-PCRL. pneumophila sg1 (wzm)wzm: 25 fg[35]
q-PCR23S rRNA+mip8 CFU/mL[36]
q-PCRmip6 CFU/mL[37]
q-PCRmip6.60 pg/μL[38]
LAMP16S rRNA5.2-52.0 copies/µL[39]
d-PCRmip42.6 fg, 300 CFU/mL[40]
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1192105720683257860, delFlag=0, nameCn=微生物学报, nameEn=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0001-6209, eissn=null, cn=11-1995/Q, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=tNA7JigLZj/rxynSmzKgDQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1762149752067, updatedTime=1762150746905, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=tNA7JigLZj/rxynSmzKgDQ==, picEn=R/d5eSUu8/o5mAGWCF3M5Q==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1192109893441171829, language=CN, name=微生物学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1762150746928, updatedTime=1762150746928, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/author/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/editor/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/reviewer/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1192109893512474998, language=EN, name=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1762150746944, updatedTime=1762150746944, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/author/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/editor/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn/actamicrocn/reviewer/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1192105938417971205, websiteList=[Website(id=1192106105867223981, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1192105938417971205, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1762149843899, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1762149888800, updateBy=18614031015, name=微生物学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=微生物学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1192107120863626198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1762150085893, updateTime=1762150085893, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120834266067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1762150085886, updateTime=1762150085886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120892986329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1762150085900, updateTime=1762150085900, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120825877458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=FOz4Ks7dC79FYnCEBIlMdw==, createTime=1762150085884, updateTime=1762150085884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120905569243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1762150085903, updateTime=1762150085903, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120846848981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1762150085889, updateTime=1762150085889, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120897180634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1762150085901, updateTime=1762150085901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120842654676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1762150085888, updateTime=1762150085888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120872014807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1762150085895, updateTime=1762150085895, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107120880403416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106105867223981, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1762150085897, updateTime=1762150085897, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1192106106018218929, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1192105938417971205, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1762149843935, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1762149925242, updateBy=18614031015, name=微生物学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1192107140455220192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1762150090564, updateTime=1762150090564, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140434248669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1762150090559, updateTime=1762150090559, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140476191715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1762150090569, updateTime=1762150090569, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140425860060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=FOz4Ks7dC79FYnCEBIlMdw==, createTime=1762150090557, updateTime=1762150090557, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140484580325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1762150090571, updateTime=1762150090571, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140451025887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1762150090563, updateTime=1762150090563, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140480386020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1762150090570, updateTime=1762150090570, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140442637278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1762150090561, updateTime=1762150090561, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140463608801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1762150090566, updateTime=1762150090566, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1192107140467803106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1192106106018218929, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1762150090567, updateTime=1762150090567, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=微生物学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://actamicro.ijournals.cn, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=tNA7JigLZj/rxynSmzKgDQ==, journalPhotoEn=R/d5eSUu8/o5mAGWCF3M5Q==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250090, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/EN/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250090, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/PDF/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250090, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/EN/PDF/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250090, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
军团菌肺炎病原体诊断策略研究进展
收藏切换
PDF下载
吴靖渝 1 , 黄丽娜 1 , 欧阳松应 1, 2 , 王冬梅 1
微生物学报 | 综述 2025,65(9): 3821-3833
收起
收藏切换
微生物学报 | 综述 2025, 65(9): 3821-3833
军团菌肺炎病原体诊断策略研究进展
全屏
吴靖渝1, 黄丽娜1, 欧阳松应1, 2, 王冬梅1
作者信息
  • 1 福建师范大学 生命科学学院,福建 福州
  • 2 福建师范大学,南方生物医学研究中心,福建 福州
Advances in diagnostic strategies for the pathogens ofLegionnaires’ disease
Jingyu WU1, Lina HUANG1, Songying OUYANG1, 2, Dongmei WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
  • 2 Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
出版时间: 2025-09-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250090
文章导航
收藏切换

军团菌肺炎是一种由军团菌属引起的严重肺部感染,早期诊断对治疗和预后至关重要。实验室检测方法主要包括分离培养、抗原检测、核酸检测和血清学检测。分离培养是金标准,但灵敏度低,培养时间长;抗原检测操作简便快速,但特异性有待提高;核酸检测灵敏度高,但操作复杂、成本较高;血清学检测早期诊断价值有限。尿抗原检测是目前国际上广泛应用的早期诊断方法,但只能检测嗜肺军团菌Ⅰ型。多种新型核酸检测技术展现出良好的应用前景,例如数字PCR、等温扩增和二代测序技术。未来需要进一步研究开发更简便、快速、灵敏的检测方法,以提高军团菌肺炎的早期诊断率。

军团菌肺炎  /  核酸分子扩增检测  /  抗原检测

Legionnaires’ disease, a serious pulmonary infection caused by Legionella, requires early diagnosis for effective treatment and favorable outcomes. Laboratory diagnostic methods primarily encompass isolation and culture, antigen detection, nucleic acid detection, and serological testing. Although isolation and culture are considered the gold standard, it is characterized by low sensitivity and extended culture duration. Antigen detection offers simple and fast operation but necessitates improved specificity. Nucleic acid detection, although being highly sensitive, has complex operation and high costs. Serological testing provides limited value for early diagnosis. Urine antigen detection, extensively employed globally, is limited to the detection of Legionella pneumophila serogroup I. Novel nucleic acid detection technologies, including digital PCR, isothermal amplification, and next-generation sequencing, present promising applications. Future research should aim to develop more streamlined, rapid, and sensitive detection methods to enhance the early diagnostic rate of Legionnaires’ disease.

Legionnaires’ disease  /  nucleic acid amplification tests  /  antigen detection
吴靖渝, 黄丽娜, 欧阳松应, 王冬梅. 军团菌肺炎病原体诊断策略研究进展. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (9) : 3821 -3833 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250090
Jingyu WU, Lina HUANG, Songying OUYANG, Dongmei WANG. Advances in diagnostic strategies for the pathogens ofLegionnaires’ disease[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (9) : 3821 -3833 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250090
军团菌肺炎是由军团菌属(Legionella)引起的一种以肺炎表现为主,可能伴随肺外表现的疾病,例如消化系统(恶心呕吐、腹痛腹泻、肝功能异常等)、神经系统(头晕头痛、意识模糊、定向力障碍等)、泌尿系统(少尿、血尿、蛋白、急性肾损伤)、电解质紊乱等。军团菌主要感染下呼吸道[1],经气溶胶传播[2]。军团菌肺炎常表现为重症,约50%的患者需入住重症医学病房(intensive care unit, ICU),病死率为10%-15%,若诊断不及时导致经验性治疗不起作用,病死率可高达27%[3-4]。近年来,国内外科研人员对军团菌检测诊断技术的研究与开发工作取得了重大成效,包括军团菌分离培养、抗原检测法、核酸检测法、血清学检测法等。
军团菌自1976年在美国费城的尸检组织中首次发现以来持续传播,于1982年在我国南京首次发现军团菌感染病例[5]。军团菌广泛存在于湖泊、人工水系统等水生环境,包括建筑物的冷却塔或水系统、温泉洗浴、中央空调的冷却塔水系统等[6],也可以寄生于水生原生动物中。军团菌是引起社区获得性肺炎(community-acquired pneumonia, CAP)的重要致病菌之一,是我国重症CAP相关第四大病原体[7],在CAP病例约占5%[8]。军团菌属中大多的病例由嗜肺军团菌(Legionella pneumophila, LP)引起,根据独特的细胞外膜小叶上包含的脂多糖抗原,嗜肺军团菌可以分为15个血清型,根据欧美国家的流行病学统计情况显示,79%的病例由血清型Ⅰ型嗜肺军团菌引起[9]
军团菌发病早期的临床症状、实验室影像检查与细菌性肺炎(葡萄球菌肺炎、肺炎链球菌肺炎、鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎、肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎等)和病毒性肺炎(流感病毒肺炎、腺病毒肺炎等)相似,提高了早期临床诊断的难度。例如,肺炎支原体与军团菌肺炎类似,伴有支原体的非典型病原体肺炎可伴有肺外症状,例如肌痛、腹痛和腹泻[10]。肺炎链球菌是社区获得性肺炎最常见的细菌性病因,表现为急性发作的高热、寒战、排痰性咳嗽和呼吸困难,患者通常看起来病得很重,但是肺外表现不明显。心脏、肝脏和肾脏的症状能够帮助区分军团菌和肺炎链球菌社区获得性肺炎[11]。军团菌肺炎与其他细胞内病原体一样,在发热时容易产生相对心动过缓。这种温度脉搏异常伴发热引起的相对心动过缓在典型细菌性肺炎中并不常见。体温每升高1 ℃,脉率通常增加约15次/min,胃肠道表现(如水样腹泻和突然腹痛)有时可能是军团菌肺炎患者的首发症状[12]
军团菌肺炎入住重症加强护理病房(intensive care unit, ICU)的病例死亡率约为27%,而在入住ICU后8 h内早期开始氟喹诺酮类药物治疗可降低死亡率[13]。治疗失败通常发生在入院时病情严重的患者或免疫功能低下患者中。军团菌是胞内致病菌,临床常用的药物例如青霉素、头孢类药物、β-内酰胺类等不能穿过细胞膜,对军团菌无效,治疗需选择渗透性强的药物如喹诺酮类、大环内酯类。从中国临床病例和环境水中分离的149株嗜肺军团菌血清Ⅰ型,其中25株对阿奇霉素耐药,红霉素、左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星和利福平的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC)的范围分别为0.064-1.000、0.064-0.380、0.19-0.75、 0.002-0.023 mg/L;在149株菌株中,25株(16.78%)对阿奇霉素耐药,表明存在潜在耐药风险,细菌属水平之间基因转移的可能性增加[14]。基因筛选发现,这主要由所有3个操纵子中的 23S rRNA基因(rrl基因)突变介导,与一种ST188分离株中的高水平大环内酯类耐药性有关[15]。早期诊断对军团菌病的确诊和预后有重要作用,一方面避免错过治疗的最佳时期进而发展为重症,另一方面避免在早期广谱性抗生素的使用,造成细菌耐药性。因此进行病原体检测对该病的预后治疗、降低发展为重症风险至关重要。奥马环素是一种新型四环素类抗生素,对军团菌等非典型病原体具有很强的体外抗菌活性,它被批准用于治疗成人社区获得性细菌性肺炎,包括军团菌肺炎。奥马环素对嗜肺军团菌有很强的抗菌活性,安全性好,且对严重肝肾功能损害的患者无须调整剂量,因此奥马环素可作为此类特殊病原体严重感染的最佳治疗策略,但是仍然需要更多的病例报告来支持这一观点[16]。研究显示通过早期开始使用适当的抗生素,死亡率降至7%以下[17]
分离培养主要基于痰、胸腔积液、支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, BALF)、肺活检标本及其他呼吸道标本培养出军团菌,培养诊断是军团菌诊断的金标准。军团菌的生长需要l-半胱氨酸,为了减少杂菌的干扰,初代培养时需要用选择性培养基,后在活性炭-酵母浸出液琼脂(buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar, BCYE)培养基中培养,观察5 d无生长方可报告阴性。传统的细菌学检测在分离培养之后观察其菌落形态,通过生化实验、革兰氏染色以及生化性状等实验可鉴定到属的水平[18]。一旦培养出菌株,可以与环境中的军团菌进行同源分析,也可以进行病原学诊断。由于培养条件苛刻、培养时间长、易被杂菌污染等原因,该方法的灵敏度不高,但其具有可鉴定所有已知的军团菌血清型的特点。在临床诊断中会出现经分离培养多次病原学检测阴性,但核酸检测为阳性的病例。基质辅助激光解吸电离-飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer, MALDI-TOF-MS)鉴定能够通过更高效、更快速和更准确的系统来改进细菌鉴定,可用于筛选阶段,尤其是在大量样品存在如聚集性和流行性事件期间发生的情况下。该仪器提供的聚类分析可以支持对分离株之间相关性的估计,突出通过使用分子方法(如全基因组分析)深入研究,从而减少时间和成本[19]。使用MALDI-TOF-MS可以在几分钟内直接从活性炭-酵母浸出液琼脂培养基上生长的菌落中鉴定和报告嗜肺军团菌的血清型[20]
抗原检测主要包括尿抗原检测、免疫层析检测等方法。在临床实际应用中面临的挑战主要包括敏感性和特异性问题、操作复杂、培养难度大等。尿抗原检测操作简便快速,可以在基层及以上的医院开展,但由于其敏感度较低,完全依赖该检测技术可能会造成漏诊,且在不同程度军团菌肺炎患者中的检测阳性率波动较大。
对于重症肺炎患者推荐进行军团菌尿抗原检测。由于军团菌抗体通常在发病2-3周才产生,且20%-30%的患者不产生抗体,尿抗原检测法有望成为诊断军团菌肺炎早期诊断的一线方法。尿抗原检测采用免疫层析检测等技术,用于早期阶段诊断军团菌感染的方法,操作简单、快速,只需要15 min即可获得结果,且具有非侵入式检测方法的优势,是欧美发达国家广泛采用的方法。这种方法在急性期检测中特异性高,主要靶向嗜肺军团菌细胞壁中的脂多糖,敏感性和特异性分别可达80%和100%[21]。然而,该法仅能检测嗜肺军团菌Ⅰ型的感染,对其他血清型的嗜肺军团菌来说检测价值并非很大,可能会造成部分病例的漏检[22]。抗原最早在症状出现后3 d就被排出体外,因此该法有利于早期治疗和诊断,尿液标本中的军团菌抗原在长时间储存后会降解,但部分患者不排泄或间歇性排泄抗原,给该方法的诊断造成了一定的困难。尽管如此,日本、美国和欧洲各国的指南对社区获得性肺炎患者进行军团菌尿抗原检测的时机提出了不同的建议。有研究评估了军团菌肺炎患者尿抗原检测时间与院内死亡率之间的关系,结果表明测试组的30 d院内死亡率明显低于对照组,入院时进行尿液抗原检测可改善军团菌肺炎患者的预后,建议所有重症社区获得性肺炎患者在入院时进行尿液抗原检测[23]
一种侧流色谱仪被开发作为嗜肺军团菌抗原快速检测试剂盒用于人尿液中嗜肺军团菌的免疫测定,适用于嗜肺军团菌感染的辅助诊断。在传统双抗夹心法原理的基础上进行多糖抗原的检测,建立了凝集素酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)试剂盒,用特异性抗体实现对嗜肺军团菌感染后的尿液样本中脂多糖抗原的检测,该试剂盒的灵敏度比进口胶体金试剂盒高2-4倍[24]。中国的诊断中未将该方法列入诊断标准,但在中国急诊重症肺炎临床实践专家共识中,社区获得性肺炎(CURB-65)评分2分以上的肺炎患者均需进行肺炎链球菌尿抗原检测,3-5分患者均需进行军团菌尿抗原检测。专家共识强调了重症肺炎患者进行军团菌尿抗原检测的重要性,推荐所有重症肺炎患者检测军团菌尿抗原[25]。从尿液中检测嗜肺军团菌抗原与其他方法相比更加简便、快速、经济。
目前已开发出提高免疫层析检测的灵敏性和特异性的方法,主要包括基于新型纳米技术提高检测性能、实现对多种病原体快速检测方法。将自组装的16-氨基-l-十六烷硫醇单层(16-amino-l-hexadecanethiol, 16-AHT)共价连接到金底物上,所得修饰表面用于固定抗嗜肺军团菌单克隆抗体。使用电化学测量和显微成像技术对生物传感器功能化形成的改性表面进行表征。在静态条件下,生物传感器表现出从101-108线性响应范围,且检测限为10 CFU/mL;在检测人工污染样本中的军团菌细胞时,动态条件下使用微流控系统生物传感器对101-103 CFU/mL的低细菌浓度的反应呈线性关系,与静态条件下获得的感应信号相比,同一生物传感器的感应信号增强了4.5倍[26]。金纳米颗粒偶联探针是新一代诊断工具,设计一种光学纳米生物传感器并对其进行表征,将为mip设计的硫醇化探针连接到金纳米颗粒上,然后检查含有嗜肺军团菌的水样,PCR和生物传感器的检测限分别为104 copies/μL和103 copies/μL,灵敏度分别为90%和85%,可以快速检测水样中的嗜肺军团菌[27]
适配体是一种以高亲和力和特异性与靶标结合的短寡核苷酸,在病原菌检测、诊断和治疗中具有巨大的应用潜力。研究人员使用全细胞指数富集配体系统进化技术(systematic evolution of ligand by exponential enrichment, SELEX)来分离和表征针对嗜肺军团菌的单链DNA适体,经过多轮筛选,共鉴定出多条单链DNA序列;这些适配体对嗜肺军团菌具有很强的亲和力和选择性,荧光标记的适配体与嗜肺军团菌表面结合通过荧光显微镜直接观察,可以用于开发嗜肺军团菌的医学诊断工具和公共环境检测分析[28]
应用柠檬酸盐还原法制备胶体金颗粒,并标记抗嗜肺军团菌血清Ⅰ型抗原的多克隆抗体,制成免疫层析检测试剂,利用捕获成分是兔抗嗜肺军团菌Ⅰ型抗体,检测成分是结合胶体金的兔抗嗜肺军团菌Ⅰ型抗体,可以在15 min内得出结果,其敏感性和特异性各达95%,这种方法的优点是简便、敏感、特异和快速[29]。ELISA检测方法可用于检测水样中的军团菌抗原,该测试可作为一种快速筛选方法,用于检测大量样品中的军团菌。然而,测试的低灵敏度要求继续进行常规培养以进行分离和对分离出的细菌进行进一步研究[30]。胶体金免疫层析试纸条技术通过基因工程制备LP-肽聚糖关联脂蛋白(peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein, PAL)重组蛋白并进行纯化,筛选分泌抗LP-PAL重组蛋白单克隆抗体(简称单抗)的杂交瘤细胞株。这种试纸条依据双抗体夹心原理制备,并初步评价了其检测性能(特异性、灵敏度及稳定性)。结果表明,这种试纸条与嗜肺军团菌常见4种血清型均有特异性反应,与其他10种常见呼吸道病原菌无交叉反应,且在25 ℃环境下稳定6个月[31]。Paladines等[32]研究发现针对细菌多糖的重组抗体捕获的嗜肺军团菌比多克隆抗体少1/3,但稳定性更好。汪黎等[33]建立了基于胶体金免疫层析法的嗜肺军团菌抗原检测技术,这种方法检测限为10 ng/mL,并且对嗜肺军团菌血清Ⅰ型抗原有良好的特异性,与美国Binax NOW ICT试剂盒的检测结果一致,该方法具有特异性强、敏感性高、简便快速的特点。
在核酸检测的靶基因上选择嗜肺军团菌的保守序列,包括5S rRNA、16S rRNA基因的保守片段,以及多种在致病过程中起重要作用的毒力基因,例如mip编码嗜肺军团菌的巨噬细胞感染增强蛋白、lvh编码负责调控Lvh家族分泌蛋白。使用比较多的是多重PCR法、巢式PCR法、实时荧光定量PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, qPCR)法、数字PCR (digital PCR, dPCR)法、等温扩增法等,表1总结了军团菌核酸检测的方法比较。
PCR模拟DNA在体内复制的过程,实现对目的片段的指数级扩增,2-3 h就能实现目的片段扩增。在对医院病例样本的检测中,下呼吸道病原菌核酸的检出率高于传统培养的检出率[1]。使用流式细胞术细胞分选和定量PCR可以检测和定量水样中能存活但不可培养的嗜肺军团菌[41]。数字PCR作为PCR技术的最新一代,具有比传统qPCR反应速度更快、体积更小、灵敏度更高和系统噪声更低的优势。相比之下,芯片数字PCR是一种基于单分模板扩增,将样品流动后分成若干个独立的单元实现拷贝数级别,能够精确定量的分析技术。目前采用数字PCR染料法对嗜肺军团菌的检测能够达到5.03 copies/μL[42]
应斌斌等[43]的研究提供一种用于同步检测呼吸道感染中病原体的引物探针组合物,对探针进行不同的荧光标记实现同时检测肺炎衣原体、肺炎支原体、肺炎链球菌、嗜肺军团菌、结核分枝杆菌,检测灵敏度达到5 copies/μL。同时叠氮溴化乙锭可以与qPCR方法联用,由于叠氮溴化乙锭能够抑制死菌的核酸扩增,进而能够获得样品中军团菌活菌的浓度[44]。通过优化样品和PCR反应条件、使用自动化和集成化的PCR设备,未来研究将集中在高通量PCR、分子诊断平台、人工智能和大数据、远程诊断和自动化检测,朝着高通量、实时、多重、便携、集成化和自动化方向发展。
等温扩增的方法包括了重组聚合酶扩增(recombinase polymerase amplification, RPA)、环介导恒温扩增(loop mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP)、链代替扩增(strand displacement amplification, SDA)、滚环扩增(rolling circle amplification, RCA)和多重等温扩增等方法,在恒温条件下对目的片段进行扩增是一种快速、简便的检测方法,在灵敏度、特异性方面的表现甚至能优于传统的PCR,同时不依赖专业的PCR仪,可实现快速检测。
Moosavian等[45]研究开发了基于实时多重等温核酸序列扩增(nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, NASBA)的方法来检测肺炎支原体、肺炎衣原体和军团菌。这种方法使用NucliSens Basic Kit进行检测,为军团菌肺炎的检测提供了一种新的技术手段[46]。呼吸道病原体核酸恒温扩增芯片十三联检在肺炎患者中的应用探讨了呼吸道病原体核酸LAMP芯片法在肺炎患者中的应用,其中包括对军团菌的检测;这种方法对于肺炎患者的临床诊断和合理用药提供了重要信息[47-48]。同时也有一款基于LAMP的试剂盒用于检测环境样品中的嗜肺军团菌[49-50],阳性质粒检测限达到28 copies/µL。
近年来,有研究人员开发了一种纳米粒子的横向流动生物传感器结合多重交叉位移扩增的技术,已应用于多种细菌因子的快速检测。这种方法结合了等温扩增技术和生物传感技术,与其他研究相比,更侧重于检测技术的多样性和综合性。其以mip为靶标,对嗜肺军团菌纯培养物的检测限为10 fg,并且特异性为100%[51]。与LAMP方法对嗜肺军团菌的检测不同的是,这些研究在具体的方法优化和应用场景上略有不同,有的研究更注重检测方法的简便性和实用性,有些更侧重口岸现场应用。
宏基因组二代测序技术(metagenomics next generation sequencing, mNGS)的检测范围广,适用于感染性疾病的病原检测方法,是近年来辅助诊断罕见病原微生物感染的重要方式之一。mNGS通过对微生物基因组与多个完整的数据库进行比对,可以检测到病原体负荷的变化,同时mNGS可以特异识别病原微生物[52]。二代测序技术在病原微生物感染的诊断中日益取得重要地位,但由于其操作繁琐,周期较长且成本较高,因此在广泛推广上仍然具有一定难度。由于军团菌为胞内寄生菌,因此改进核酸的提取技术能够提高mNGS的灵敏度,同时军团菌肺炎发展到中重症肺炎的进展很快,并且早期嗜肺军团菌肺炎可能还合并其他系统的疾病,从发病到检出嗜肺军团菌的中位时间8.5 d[53-54]
宏基因组二代测序技术用于临床上感染相关的危重症、疑难感染,并且其检测可实现快速检出多种类型的病原体。病原体基因测序技术是进入临床视野的新一代的测序技术,结合了多重PCR富集病原微生物的核酸序列,提高了检测的灵敏性的优势,同时也排除了非特异宿主的影响,实现了多种临床核心病原的鉴定[55-56]。与mNGS相比,检测特定常见靶向基因谱成本更低,周期更短,同时也能测定病原体的耐药基因,为临床诊断嗜肺军团菌肺炎提供了新的思路[57]。全基因组测序(whole genome sequencing, WGS)的高精度和分辨率可以为流行病学疫情追踪提供传染源的明确鉴定,但是WGS方法经常受到可用原始样本或不可培养样本中病原体DNA回收率低的阻碍。因此,研究人员开发了一种经济、高效的杂交捕获测定法,用于直接对原始标本进行嗜肺军团菌WGS分析,在无临床分离株可用时显著提高了相关性比较的鉴别能力;与匹配培养分离株的WGS数据相比,一些富集标本的WGS数据相差不到5个单核苷酸多态性[58]
核酸扩增技术存在着一些局限性:PCR方法需要专业的PCR仪,等温扩增中LAMP扩增存在着不稳定单碱基分辨率,二代测序技术受到对序列读取长度的限制,需要具备更专业的生物学知识以便对数据进行分析。陈思嘉[59]的研究中构建了一种可以特异、快速、灵敏地检测嗜肺军团菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和流感嗜血杆菌的检测方法,这个方法在规律成簇的间隔短回文重复序列系统及相关蛋白(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR-associated, CRISPR-Cas)检测原理的基础上,结合了重组酶介导链置换核酸扩增(recombinase-aid amplification, RAA)恒温扩增、CRISPR/Cas13a荧光法和免疫层析法检测;该研究中基于CRISPR/Cas13a免疫层析法检测体系,肺炎克雷伯菌、流感嗜血杆菌检测限可达到1 copy/μL,嗜肺军团菌检测限可达到0.5 copy/μL。
利用体外转录获得CRISPR RNA (crRNA),并与Cas13a蛋白结合形成Cas13-crRNA复合物,同时靶核酸在RNA聚合酶的作用下转录为单链RNA,Cas13a-crRNA中的crRNA识别单链RNA,从而使Cas13a蛋白被激活切断RNA序列,进而检测基团被捕捉释放信号,这样的试剂盒检测灵敏度达到5 copies/μL,并且与其他18种细菌无交叉反应[60]。在Cas12a结合驱动的荧光和比色法双模式生物传感器在检测嗜肺军团菌中,实现了快速便捷的操作,而且避免了气溶胶污染,检测限为60 min检测7.606×10-6 ng/μL (3.8 copies/μL),而比色法的检测限为100 min检测7.606×10-3 ng/μL (3 800 copies/μL),优于行业10倍[61]。CRISPR/Cas系统除了在基因组和RNA编辑中有出色的表现,在核酸检测方面的应用也越来越广泛。
血清学检测是用于诊断军团菌肺炎的主要方法之一,是针对军团菌免疫球蛋白G以及免疫球蛋白M抗体的检测[62]。多数军团菌感染的患者在3周后才产生抗体,临床常用的血清抗体法在早期诊断军团菌肺炎中具有一定的局限性,但是在流行病学调查和病例复盘分析中仍具有一定价值。血清学诊断中所识别的抗体在不同血清型或不同种军团菌感染中共有,在肺炎急性期间抗体滴度升高可能的原因还有不同细菌交叉感染,因此很难可靠地鉴别导致感染的血清型或军团菌种类[63]
直接荧光抗体染色可用于痰或支气管肺泡灌洗液的检测,但需要具备专业的知识。该方法在2 h内可以出结果,敏感性为40%-62%,在不同血清型或不同种军团菌感染中可能识别相同的抗体,此外血清学检测通常需急性期与恢复期双份血清标本呈现4倍及以上变化才有临床价值,但是大多数抗体在感染数周后才产生抗体并且抗体产生受宿主免疫状态影响,约25%的军团菌肺炎患者在全病程中均未产生血清抗体[64]
抗体的升高可能是脆弱拟杆菌、鹦鹉热嗜衣原体等感染造成假阳性结果。2023年,北京协和医院公布了2022年12月至2023年1月期间,北京协和重症监护病房累计23例新型冠状病毒感染危重患者,在14例患者中检测到嗜肺军团菌血清抗体阳性,并且BALF的PCR和尿抗原(urinary antigen test, UAT)均为阴性,出现了新型冠状病毒感染中LP-IgM假阳性的报道[65],与先前研究中交叉免疫反应较为一致[3]。通过下呼吸道标本的PCR或尿液抗原检测的新型冠状病毒感染与军团菌肺炎合并感染的发生率范围为0.3%-1.1%[66],而基于免疫荧光或ELISA血清学抗体检测的合并感染的发生率范围为12.6%- 20.0%[67]
嗜中性粒细胞募集到嗜肺军团菌感染小鼠肺部的关键引发剂是IL-1α,嗜中性粒细胞迅速流入肺是嗜肺军团菌的发病机理的关键特征,Barry等[68]通过酶联免疫吸附法检测被嗜肺军团菌感染的小鼠释放的IL-1α的量,验证了IL-1α的释放量与菌株毒力的变化趋势相同。因此,该感染途径上的关键蛋白有望成为ELISA新的靶点。利用嗜肺军团菌表面蛋白PAL,通过杂交瘤细胞的方式制备鼠源性单克隆抗体,并制备ELISA试剂盒,使试剂盒的检测敏感性为103 CUF/mL[69]
现有研究报道了对军团菌外膜囊泡分离纯化以及细菌外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicles, OMV)的检测方法[70-71](图1)。OMV是主要由革兰氏阴性菌分泌的粒径为20-250 nm的球形脂质小泡,其表面携带多种细菌表面物质,如脂多糖、鞭毛蛋白、肽聚糖等,里面则包裹细菌内部物质,如酶、DNA、RNA等。利用聚集诱导发光原理,合作开发了一种可高效定量检测细菌外膜囊泡的“点亮型”荧光探针,该探针具有优异的水溶性、脂溶性以及聚集诱导发光特性,其在溶解状态下几乎不发光,因此染色时背景噪声极低;使用氨苄青霉素处理后,细菌表面发生形变并分泌OMV,该探针与其结合后荧光被迅速点亮,对开发快速、灵敏的新型OMV定量检测方式具有重要意义[70-71]。在最近的研究中介绍了一种创新的电化学适配体传感器,它利用SELEX技术进行了严格的筛选过程,鉴定出了专门针对嗜肺军团菌血清型Ⅰ的高亲和力适配体;筛选过程包括用活的嗜肺军团菌进行10轮细胞-SELEX循环,其中包括针对密切相关的军团菌亚种的多个反筛选步骤;据测定,与嗜肺军团菌血清型Ⅰ亲和力最高的序列的解离常数为14.2 nmol,与之前报道的适配体相比,亲和力提高了10倍[72];为了开发电化学适配体传感器,通过形成自组装单层对金电极进行了修饰,新开发的适配体传感器在检测和区分各种军团菌方面表现出极高的灵敏度和特异性,检测限为5 CFU/mL,与近缘亚种无交叉反应;此外,该适配传感器还能有效检测加标水样中的嗜肺军团菌血清Ⅰ型,回收率相当高[73]。这项研究表明,基于适配体的电化学生物传感器有望成为检测不同环境中嗜肺军团菌血清Ⅰ型的一种方法。
军团菌肺炎在夏秋季为患病的高峰季节,全年有散发性流行报告[74],吸烟、糖尿病、使用免疫抑制剂等均是军团菌肺炎的高危因素[75]。如何选择核酸检测、传统培养、抗原检测和血清检测等方式(一种或多种)值得进一步研究,需要通过结合临床症状灵活应用检测手段,充分利用各方法的特点尽早确认军团菌肺炎的诊断,帮助尽快过渡到目标治疗,减少传统抗生素治疗产生的耐药性,使患者预后情况能更加理想。
“十四五”生物经济发展规划(https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-05/10/content_5689556. htm)提出促进设备向智能化、小型化、快速化、精准化、多集成化发展,而军团菌的即时检测(point-of-care testing, POCT)发展方向从第一代的定性检测(例如免疫层析法或抗体检测)向第二代POCT定量检测方面突破,通过以生物纳米材料为内核驱动,结合临床检验问题为核心内涵,通过荧光探测、量子点、氧化铁/金纳米粒子等的动态定位手段,在对核酸、蛋白或多肽、效应蛋白或刺激响应分子进行实时监测。例如,SidJ通过钙调蛋白(calmodulin, CaM)激活谷氨酸化修饰的机制[76],以及嗜肺军团菌中存在HEPN-MNT毒素-抗毒素系统,可作为检测嗜肺军团菌感染的特异性分子标记;MavC抑制宿主免疫反应,而MvcA通过去泛素化恢复宿主功能,确保细菌的持续感染。MavC/MvcA的表达时序差异(如MvcA在感染后5 h表达)可为检测感染阶段提供时间窗口参考,设计基于动态表达谱的分子诊断方法[77]。这些方法为开发基于泛素化状态变化的检测方法提供潜在靶点,同时结合SidJ-CaM互作、MavC/MvcA动态表达及UBE2N泛素化修饰,构建多标志物检测体系以提高灵敏度和特异性。通过以往的研究,发现嗜肺军团菌通过效应蛋白Ceg3对宿主细胞的ADP/ATP转运酶(ADP/ATP translocases, ANTs)进行ADP-核糖基化,抑制其活性[78]。由于ANTs活性变化直接影响能量代谢,检测感染样本中ANTs活性或ADP/ATP水平可作为诊断军团菌感染的标志;因此,开发基于ANTs活性或其代谢产物的检测方法,如生物传感器监测或代谢失衡检测,有助于间接诊断军团菌感染[78]
  • 国家自然科学基金(82172287)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
刘庆, 李剑, 马挪亚, 黄露萍, 李勇, 王思思, 邹国英, 徐飞. 下呼吸道六项病原菌多重核酸检测与传统细菌培养方法的比较[J]. 实用预防医学, 2024, 31(7): 872-875.
LIU Q, LI J, MA NY, HUANG LP, LI Y, WANG SS, ZOU GY, XU F. Comparative study of multiple nucleic acid tests with conventional bacterial culture methods for detection of six kinds of pathogenic bacteria in lower respiratory tract[J]. Practical Preventive Medicine, 2024, 31(7): 872-875 (in Chinese).
[2]
BELL H, CHINTALAPATI S, PATEL P, HALIM A, KITHAS A, SCHMALZLE SA. Legionella longbeachae pneumonia: case report and review of reported cases in non-endemic countries[J]. IDCases, 2021, 23: e01050.
[3]
PHIN N, PARRY-FORD F, HARRISON T, STAGG HR, ZHANG N, KUMAR K, LORTHOLARY O, ZUMLA A, ABUBAKAR I. Epidemiology and clinical management of Legionnaires’ disease[J]. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2014, 14(10): 1011-1021.
[4]
MIYASHITA N, HIGA F, AOKI Y, KIKUCHI T, SEKI M, TATEDA K, MAKI N, UCHINO K, OGASAWARA K, KIYOTA H, WATANABE A. Clinical presentation of Legionella pneumonia: evaluation of clinical scoring systems and therapeutic efficacy[J]. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, 2017, 23(11): 727-732.
[5]
康晓明, 汤忠群, 夏锡荣. 嗜肺军团菌感染1例报告[J]. 解放军医学杂志, 1982, 7(4): 240.
[6]
张丽霞, 张宝莹, 刘凡. 公共场所集中空调卫生管理现状及其冷却水嗜肺军团菌污染状况调查[J]. 环境与健康杂志, 2010, 27(3): 208-210.
ZHANG LX, ZHANG BY, LIU F. Investigation on sanitation administration and Legionella pneumophila contamination in central air conditioning system of public places[J]. Journal of Environment and Health, 2010, 27(3): 208-210 (in Chinese).
[7]
QU JM, ZHANG J, CHEN Y, HUANG Y, XIE YS, ZHOU M, LI YP, SHI DW, XU JF, WANG QY, HE B, SHEN N, CAO B, SHE DY, SHI Y, SU X, ZHOU H, FAN H, YE F, ZHANG Q, et al. Aetiology of severe community acquired pneumonia in adults identified by combined detection methods: a multi-centre prospective study in China[J]. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 2022, 11(1): 556-566.
[8]
ENGEL MF, van MANEN L, HOEPELMAN AM, THIJSEN S, OOSTERHEERT JJ. Diagnostic, therapeutic and economic consequences of a positive urinary antigen test for Legionella spp. in patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia: a 7-year retrospective evaluation[J]. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 2013, 66(9): 797-802.
[9]
FIELDS BS, BENSON RF, BESSER RE. Legionella and Legionnaires’ disease: 25 years of investigation[J]. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2002, 15(3): 506-526.
[10]
MELLICK LB, VERMA N. The Mycoplasma pneumoniae and bullous myringitis myth[J]. Pediatric Emergency Care, 2010, 26(12): 966-968.
[11]
NAMBU A, OZAWA K, KOBAYASHI N, TAGO M. Imaging of community-acquired pneumonia: roles of imaging examinations, imaging diagnosis of specific pathogens and discrimination from noninfectious diseases[J]. World Journal of Radiology, 2014, 6(10): 779-793.
[12]
CHAHIN A, OPAL SM. Severe pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila: differential diagnosis and therapeutic considerations[J]. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 2017, 31(1): 111-121.
[13]
GACOUIN A, le TULZO Y, LAVOUE S, CAMUS C, HOFF J, BASSEN R, ARVIEUX C, HEURTIN C, THOMAS R. Severe pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila: prognostic factors, impact of delayed appropriate antimicrobial therapy[J]. Intensive Care Medicine, 2002, 28(6): 686-691.
[14]
JIA XY, REN HY, NIE XD, LI YN, LI JG, QIN T. Antibiotic resistance and azithromycin resistance mechanism of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 in China[J]. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2019, 63(10): e00768-19.
[15]
MICHEL C, ECHAHIDI F, de MUYLDER G, SEWELL M, BOOSTROM I, DENIS O, SPILLER OB, PIERARD D. Occurrence of macrolides resistance in Legionella pneumophila ST188: results of the Belgian epidemiology and resistome investigation of clinical isolates[J]. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2025, 153: 107786.
[16]
LV JF, LIU C, FAN L, LUO P, LIU S, WU CF. Omadacycline for the treatment of severe Legionella pneumophila pneumonia complicated with multiple organ dysfunction: a case report[J]. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 2024, 110(4): 116553.
[17]
GERSHENGORN HB, KEENE A, DZIERBA AL, WUNSCH H. The association of antibiotic treatment regimen and hospital mortality in patients hospitalized with Legionella pneumonia[J]. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2015, 60: e66-79.
[18]
MURDOCH DR. Diagnosis of Legionella infection[J]. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2003, 36(1): 64-69.
[19]
GIROLAMINI L, CAIAZZA P, MARINO F, PASCALE MR, CALIGARIS L, SPITERI S, DERELITTO C, SIMONE ML, GROTTOLA A, CRISTINO S. Identification of Legionella by MALDI Biotyper through three preparation methods and an in-house library comparing phylogenetic and hierarchical cluster results[J]. Scientific Reports, 2025, 15: 2162.
[20]
BLANCO S, SANZ C, GUTIÉRREZ MP, SIMARRO M, LÓPEZ I, ESCRIBANO I, EIROS JM, ZARZOSA P, ORDUÑA A, LÓPEZ JC, MARCH GA. A new MALDI-TOF approach for the quick sequence type identification of Legionella pneumophila [J]. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2021, 188: 106292.
[21]
EWIG S, TUSCHY P, FÄTKENHEUER G. Diagnosis and treatment of Legionella pneumonia[J]. Pneumologie, 2002, 56(11): 695-703.
[22]
AVNI T, BIEBER A, GREEN H, STEINMETZ T, LEIBOVICI L, PAUL M. Diagnostic accuracy of PCR alone and compared to urinary antigen testing for detection of Legionella spp.: a systematic review[J]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2016, 54(2): 401-411.
[23]
ENDO M, JO T, KONISHI T, KUMAZAWA R, MATSUI H, YASUNAGA H. Association between the timing of urinary antigen testing and outcomes in Legionella pneumonia patients: a nationwide database study[J]. Internal Medicine, 2024, 63(1): 51-56.
[24]
许利明, 李伟丽, 于鹏鹤, 陶占领, 王新明, 付光宇, 吴学炜. 一种嗜肺军团菌尿抗原ELISA试剂盒及其制备方法: CN116990509A[P]. 2023-11-03.
XU LM, LI WL, YU PH, TAO ZL, WANG XM, FU GY, WU XW. Legionella pneumophila urine antigen ELISA kit and preparation method thereof: CN116990509A[P]. 2023-11-03 (in Chinese).
[25]
中国医师协会急诊医师分会. 中国急诊重症肺炎临床实践专家共识[J]. 中国急救医学, 2016, 36(2): 97-107.
[26]
LARIBI A, ALLEGRA S, SOUIRI M, MZOUGHI R, OTHMANE A, GIRARDOT F. Legionella pneumophila Sg1-sensing signal enhancement using a novel electrochemical immunosensor in dynamic detection mode[J]. Talanta, 2020, 215: 120904.
[27]
KARIMIRAVESH R, MOHABATI MOBAREZ A, BEHMANESH M, NIKKHAH M, TALEBI BEZMIN ABADI A, ESMAEILLI S. Design of an optical nanobiosensor for detection of Legionella pneumophila in water samples[J]. Iranian Journal of Microbiology, 2022, 14(6): 802-812.
[28]
XIONG LN, XIA MC, WANG QL, MENG Z, ZHANG J, YU GH, DONG ZY, LU YJ, SUN YH. DNA aptamers specific for Legionella pneumophila: systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment in whole bacterial cells[J]. Biotechnology Letters, 2022, 44(5): 777-786.
[29]
汪黎. 嗜肺军团菌胶体金免疫层析检测试剂的研制[D]. 北京: 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院硕士学位论文, 2008.
WANG L. Development of a gold-immunochromatographic assay for the detection of Legionella pneumophila [D]. Beijing: Master’s Thesis of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 2008 (in Chinese).
[30]
BLANCO S, PRAT C, SáNCHEZ MD, FERRER D, PELLICER T, HABA L, LATORRE I, VILAPLANA C, AUSINA V, DOMíNGUEZ J. Evaluation of a Legionella urinary antigen enzyme immunoassay for rapid detection of Legionella pneumophila in water samples[J]. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2008, 211: 168-171.
[31]
ZHANG Q, LI J, WANG M, WANG Y, YANG B, HU Z. Development of colloidal gold immunochromatography assay for the rapid detection of Legionella pneumophila [J]. Laboratory Medicine, 2020, 35(7): 726-733 (in Chinese).
[32]
PALADINES L, HASSEN WM, CHAWICH J, DÜBEL S, LÉVESQUE S, DUBOWSKI JJ, FROST EH. Investigation of conditions for capture of live Legionella pneumophila with polyclonal and recombinant antibodies[J]. Biosensors, 2022, 12(6): 380.
[33]
汪黎, 朱虹, 端青. 检测嗜肺军团菌胶体金免疫层析法的建立[J]. 军事医学科学院院刊, 2008, 32(1): 55-57.
WANG L, ZHU H, DUAN Q. Development of gold-immunochromatography assay for detection of Legionella pneumophila [J]. Bulletin of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 2008, 32(1): 55-57 (in Chinese).
[34]
HENNEBIQUE A, BIDART M, JARRAUD S, BERAUD L, SCHWEBEL C, MAURIN M, BOISSET S. Digital PCR for detection and quantification of fluoroquinolone resistance in Legionella pneumophila [J]. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2017, 61(9): e00628-17.
[35]
BENITEZ AJ, WINCHELL JM. Clinical application of a multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Legionella species, Legionella pneumophila, and Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1[J]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2013, 51(1): 348-351.
[36]
牛莉娅, 程欣, 郭玉梅, 王颖童, 阮杰, 亢继文, 孙殿兴. 军团菌双重荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立与应用[J]. 环境卫生学杂志, 2014, 4(1): 76-80.
NIU LY, CHENG X, GUO YM, WANG YT, RUAN J, KANG JW, SUN DX. Construction and application of duplex quantification fluorescence-PCR assay for Legionella detection[J]. Journal of Environmental Hygiene, 2014, 4(1): 76-80 (in Chinese).
[37]
李达, 张晶波, 王永全, 彭晓旻, 卢立新. 应用实时荧光PCR检测各种环境标本中的嗜肺军团菌[J]. 国际检验医学杂志, 2014, 35(12): 1609-1611.
LI D, ZHANG JB, WANG YQ, PENG XM, LU LX. Detection of Legionella pneumophilain various environmental samples by real-time PCR[J]. International Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2014, 35(12): 1609-1611 (in Chinese).
[38]
冯华, 张传福, 史云, 靳连群, 王强, 戚红卷, 林彦峰, 胡晓丰, 董德荣, 刘雪林. 嗜肺军团菌荧光定量PCR方法的建立及在公共场所集中空调检测中的应用[J]. 军事医学, 2018, 42(5): 356-360.
FENG H, ZHANG CF, SHI Y, JIN LQ, WANG Q, QI HJ, LIN YF, HU XF, DONG DR, LIU XL. Establishment and application of fluorescence quantitative PCR to detecting Legionella pneumophila in central air conditioning water systems in public places[J]. Military Medical Sciences, 2018, 42(5): 356-360 (in Chinese).
[39]
LU X, MO ZY, ZHAO HB, YAN H, SHI L. LAMP-based method for a rapid identification of Legionella spp. and Legionella pneumophila [J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2011, 92(1): 179-187.
[40]
于纪棉, 李如松, 倪健波, 魏姣姣, 高峰, 王建峰. 嗜肺军团菌微滴式数字PCR检测方法的建立[J]. 中国卫生检验杂志, 2017, 27(9): 1233-1236, 1239.
YU JM, LI RS, NI JB, WEI JJ, GAO F, WANG JF. Establishment of droplet digital PCR assay for the detection of Legionella pneumophila [J]. Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology, 2017, 27(9): 1233-1236, 1239 (in Chinese).
[41]
NISAR MA, ROSS KE, BROWN MH, BENTHAM R, BEST G, WHILEY H. Detection and quantification of viable but non-culturable Legionella pneumophila from water samples using flow cytometry-cell sorting and quantitative PCR[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2023, 14: 1094877.
[42]
徐凡, 王会敏. 嗜肺军团菌的数字PCR检测的引物探针及其试剂盒与应用: CN117230220A[P]. 2023-12-15.
XU F, WANG HM. Primer probe for digital PCR (polymerase chain reaction) detection of Legionella pneumophila as well as kit and application thereof: CN117230220A[P]. 2023-12-15 (in Chinese).
[43]
应斌武, 刘堂喻亨, 王旻晋, 斯艳君, 赵珍珍. 一种用于同步检测呼吸道感染中病原体的引物探针组合物、试剂盒及其检测方法: CN116377094A[P]. 2023-07-04.
YING BW, YUDO Y, WANG MJ, SI YJ, ZHAO ZZ. Primer probe composition, kit and detection method for synchronously detecting pathogens in respiratory tract infection: CN116377094A[P]. 2023-07-04 (in Chinese).
[44]
LEE ES, HAN J-S. Propidium monoazide-quantitative PCR to detect viable Legionella spp. in the supply process of tap water[J]. Water Supply, 2022, 22(7): 6205-6212.
[45]
MOOSAVIAN M, SEYED-MOHAMMADI S, SAKI M, SHAHI F, KHOSHKHOLGH SIMA M, AFSHAR D, BARATI S. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of Legionella pneumophila in respiratory specimens of hospitalized patients in Ahvaz, southwest Iran[J]. Infection and Drug Resistance, 2019, 12: 529-534.
[46]
LOENS K, BECK T, URSI D, OVERDIJK M, SILLEKENS P, GOOSSENS H, IEVEN M. Development of real-time multiplex nucleic acid sequence-based amplification for detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Legionella spp. in respiratory specimens[J]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2008, 46(1): 185-191.
[47]
宋曼, 石秀梅, 唐兵, 朱光发. 呼吸道病原体核酸恒温扩增芯片十三联检在肺炎患者中的应用[J]. 心肺血管病杂志, 2021, 40(9): 932-935.
SONG M, SHI XM, TANG B, ZHU GF. Application of endostatic amplification chips for respiratory pathogen nucleic acid in pneumonia patients[J]. Journal of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Diseases, 2021, 40(9): 932-935 (in Chinese).
[48]
李艳燕, 高美丽, 赛亚飞, 傅恩清. 呼吸道病原体核酸恒温扩增芯片十三联检在下呼吸道感染诊断中的价值[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2019, 12(2): 171-174.
LI YY, GAO ML, SAI YF, FU EQ. Clinical values of loop-mediated amplification chip in diagnosing lower respiratory infections[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Lung Diseases (Electronic Edition), 2019, 12(2): 171-174 (in Chinese).
[49]
OMICCIOLI E, SCHIAVANO GF, CEPPETELLI V, AMAGLIANI G, MAGNANI M, BRANDI G. Validation according to ISO/TS 12869: 2012 of a molecular method for the isolation and quantification of Legionella spp. in water[J]. Molecular and Cellular Probes, 2015, 29(2): 86-91.
[50]
CARUSO G, CONIGLIO MA, LAGANÀ P, FASCIANA T, ARCOLEO G, ARRIGO I, Di CARLO P, PALERMO M, GIAMMANCO A. Validation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based kit for the detection of Legionella pneumophila in environmental samples according to ISO/TS 12869: 2012[J]. Microorganisms, 2024, 12(5): 961.
[51]
JIANG LX, GU RM, LI XM, SONG MJ, HUANG XJ, MU DG. Multiple cross displacement amplification coupled with lateral flow biosensor (MCDA-LFB) for rapid detection of Legionella pneumophila [J]. BMC Microbiology, 2022, 22(1): 20.
[52]
FAN SY, REN HT, WEI YP, MAO CH, MA ZZ, ZHANG L, WANG L, GE Y, LI TS, CUI LY, WU HL, GUAN HZ. Next-generation sequencing of the cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of neurobrucellosis[J]. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2018, 67: 20-24.
[53]
郜亚敏, 熊滨, 向淑麟, 蒋玲玉, 李紫晴, 计德斌. 5例军团菌重症肺炎患者的临床诊治分析[J]. 右江医学, 2023, 51(10): 877-883.
GAO YM, XIONG B, XIANG SL, JIANG LY, LI ZQ, JI DB. Analysis of clinical diagnosis and treatment of 5 patients with severe pneumonia caused by Legionella [J]. Chinese Youjiang Medical Journal, 2023, 51(10): 877-883 (in Chinese).
[54]
AI JW, ZHANG HC, CUI P, XU B, GAO Y, CHENG Q, LI T, WU HL, ZHANG WH. Dynamic and direct pathogen load surveillance to monitor disease progression and therapeutic efficacy in central nervous system infection using a novel semi-quantitive sequencing platform[J]. Journal of Infection, 2018, 76(3): 307-310.
[55]
宁宁, 陈强, 王双, 江超花, 丁国际. 肺泡灌洗液二代测序在儿童社区获得性肺炎诊疗中的应用价值[J]. 检验医学与临床, 2023, 20(9): 1282-1286.
NING N, CHEN Q, WANG S, JIANG CH, DING GJ. Application value of next-generation sequencing of alveolar lavage fluid in diagnosis and treatment of community acquired pneumonia in children[J]. Laboratory Medicine and Clinic, 2023, 20(9): 1282-1286 (in Chinese).
[56]
GASTON DC, MILLER HB, FISSEL JA, JACOBS E, GOUGH E, WU JJ, KLEIN EY, CARROLL KC, SIMNER PJ. Evaluation of metagenomic and targeted next-generation sequencing workflows for detection of respiratory pathogens from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens[J]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2022, 60(7): e0052622.
[57]
王桐, 李军. 靶向二代基因测序协助诊治军团菌肺炎1例[J]. 继续医学教育, 2024, 38(5): 164-167.
WANG T, LI J. A case of Legionella pneumonitis diagnosed and treated with the assistance of targeted next-generation gene sequencing[J]. Continuing Medical Education, 2024, 38(5): 164-167 (in Chinese).
[58]
WEEBER P, SINGH N, LAPIERRE P, MINGLE LS, WROBLEWSKI D, NAZARIAN EJ, HAAS W, WEISS D, MUSSER KA. A novel hybridization capture method for direct whole genome sequencing of clinical specimens to inform Legionnaires’ disease investigations[J]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2024, 62(4): e0130523.
[59]
陈思嘉. 基于CRISPR/Cas13a系统的嗜肺军团菌、流感嗜血杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌高敏感现场检测技术研究[D]. 沈阳: 中国医科大学硕士学位论文, 2023.
CHEN SJ. A study of Legionella pneumophila, Haemophilus influenzae and Klebsiella pneumoniae highly sensitive on-site detection technique based on CRISPR/Cas13a system[D]. Shenyang: Master’s Thesis of China Medical University, 2023 (in Chinese).
[60]
吕斌, 徐成慧, 乐英资. 一种细菌快速检测方法和试剂盒: CN117965763A[P]. 2024-05-03.
LYU B, XU CH, LE YZ. Rapid bacterium detection method and kit: CN117965763A[P]. 2024-05-03 (in Chinese).
[61]
QIU Y, CAO GH, SHI MM, ZHOU SY, YANG NN, WANG Y, NIE FP, HUO DQ, HOU CJ. Dual-mode biosensors for ultrasensitive detection of Legionella pneumophila using CRISPR/Cas12a integrated recombinase polymerase amplification[J]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2024, 403: 135187.
[62]
BENIN AL, BENSON RF, BESSER RE. Trends in legionnaires disease, 1980–1998: declining mortality and new patterns of diagnosis[J]. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2002, 35(9): 1039-1046.
[63]
WILKINSON HW, REINGOLD AL, BRAKE BJ, McGIBONEY DL, GORMAN GW, BROOME CV. Reactivity of serum from patients with suspected legionellosis against 29 antigens of Legionellaceae and Legionella-like organisms by indirect immunofluorescence assay[J]. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1983, 147(1): 23-31.
[64]
EDELSTEIN PH, MEYER RD, FINEGOLD SM. Laboratory diagnosis of Legionnaires’ disease[J]. The American Review of Respiratory Disease, 1980, 121(2): 317-327.
[65]
HE SH, LI S, WENG L. False-positive Legionella pneumophila antibodies in COVID-19 patients[J]. Intensive Care Medicine Experimental, 2023, 11(1): 29.
[66]
RICCÒ M, FERRARO P, PERUZZI S, ZANIBONI A, RANZIERI S. SARS-CoV-2-Legionella co-infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020-2021)[J]. Microorganisms, 2022, 10(3): 499.
[67]
ALHOUFIE ST, IBRAHIM NA, ALSHARIF NH, ALFAROUK KO, MAKHDOOM HM, ALJABRI KR, SAEED SH, KHOUMAEYS AA, ALMUTAWIF YA, NAJIM MA, ALI HM, ALJIFRI AA, KHEYAMI AM, ALHAZMI AA. Seroprevalence of community-acquired atypical bacterial pneumonia among adult COVID-19 patients from a single center in Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cohort study[J]. Saudi Medical Journal, 2022, 43(9): 1000-1006.
[68]
BARRY KC, FONTANA MF, PORTMAN JL, DUGAN AS, VANCE RE. IL-1α signaling initiates the inflammatory response to virulent Legionella pneumophila in vivo [J]. The Journal of Immunology, 2013, 190(12): 6329-6339.
[69]
胡征. 人嗜肺军团菌表面蛋白单克隆抗体及抗原捕获ELISA试剂盒: CN110540972A[P]. 2019-12-06.
HU Z. Human. pneumophila surface protein monoclonal antibody and antigen capture ELISA kit: CN110540972A[P]. 2019-12-06 (in Chinese).
[70]
JUNG AL, HOFFMANN K, HERKT CE, SCHULZ C, BERTRAMS W, SCHMECK B. Legionella pneumophila outer membrane vesicles: isolation and analysis of their pro-inflammatory potential on macrophages[J]. Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2017(120): 55146.
[71]
WANG F, HO PY, KAM C, YANG QZ, LIU JZ, WANG WP, ZHAO EG, CHEN SJ. An AIE-active probe for efficient detection and high-throughput identification of outer membrane vesicles[J]. Aggregate, 2023, 4(4): e312.
[72]
SAAD M, CHINERMAN D, TABRIZIAN M, FAUCHER SP. Identification of two aptamers binding to Legionella pneumophila with high affinity and specificity[J]. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10(1): 9145.
[73]
SHAUKAT A, CHROUDA A, SADAF S, ALHAMLAN F, EISSA S, ZOUROB M. Cell-SELEX for aptamer discovery and its utilization in constructing electrochemical biosensor for rapid and highly sensitive detection of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1[J]. Scientific Reports, 2024, 14: 14132.
[74]
NAQVI A, KAPOOR S, PRADHAN M, DICPINIGAITIS PV. Outcomes of severe Legionella pneumonia requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)[J]. Journal of Critical Care, 2021, 61: 103-106.
[75]
CUNHA BA, BURILLO A, BOUZA E. Legionnaires’ disease[J]. The Lancet, 2016, 387(10016): 376-385.
[76]
GAN NH, ZHEN XK, LIU Y, XU XL, HE CL, QIU JZ, LIU YC, FUJIMOTO GM, NAKAYASU ES, ZHOU B, ZHAO L, PUVAR K, DAS C, OUYANG SY, LUO ZQ. Regulation of phosphoribosyl ubiquitination by a calmodulin-dependent glutamylase[J]. Nature, 2019, 572(7769): 387-391.
[77]
GUAN HX, FU JQ, YU T, WANG ZX, GAN NH, HUANG YN, PERČULIJA V, LI Y, LUO ZQ, OUYANG SY. Molecular basis of ubiquitination catalyzed by the bacterial transglutaminase MavC[J]. Advanced Science, 2020, 7(12): 2000871.
[78]
FU JQ, LI PW, GUAN HX, HUANG D, SONG L, OUYANG SY, LUO ZQ. Legionella pneumophila temporally regulates the activity of ADP/ATP translocases by reversible ADP-ribosylation[J]. mLife, 2022, 1(1): 51-65.
2025年第65卷第9期
PDF下载
189
76
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250090
  • 接收时间:2025-02-10
  • 首发时间:2026-02-07
  • 出版时间:2025-09-04
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-10
  • 录用日期:2025-05-08
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(82172287)
国家自然科学基金(82172287)
作者信息
    1 福建师范大学 生命科学学院,福建 福州
    2 福建师范大学,南方生物医学研究中心,福建 福州
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250090
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏