Article(id=1226855193023787874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226855188863038235, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240797, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1733760000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1743004800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-03-27, onlineDate=1770434671884, onlineDateStr=2026-02-07, pubDate=1748966400000, pubDateStr=2025-06-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770434671884, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770434671884, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770434671884, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226855188863038235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='6', pageStart='2321', pageEnd='2769', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1770434670891, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770435273893, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226857718103851267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226855188863038235, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226857718103851268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226855188863038235, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2463, endPage=2478, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226855193359332211, articleId=1226855193023787874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Soil physicochemical properties and root soil bacterial composition of Gynostemma longipes in different planting regions of Shaanxi Province, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To compare the bacterial diversity and community composition between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of Gynostemma longipes in different planting regions and reveal the key environmental factors by correlating the bacterial community composition with soil physicochemical properties. The findings are expected to provide a reference for the cultivation and introduction of this plant and lay a basis for exploring the relationship between rhizosphere microorganisms and the chemical component content of G. longipes in different planting regions. [Methods] High-throughput sequencing and soil physicochemical property measurement were employed to compare the bacterial diversity and community composition of G. longipes in different planting regions and reveal the key environmental factors influencing the bacterial community. [Results] A total of 97 085 bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were obtained. The bacterial community composition in G. longipes soil showed significant differences among different planting regions (R=0.562, P=0.001) but no significant differences between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil. Proteobacteria (27.40%‒36.67%) and Acidobacteriota (15.60%‒22.19%) were the dominant bacterial phyla. Soil pH, available phosphorus, available potassium, soil organic matter, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were identified as key environmental factors influencing the bacterial community composition in G. longipes soil. [Conclusion] Based on the sample analysis in this study, the bacterial community diversity and composition of G. longipes varied significantly aross different locations and were closely associated with soil physicochemical properties. This study provides a reference for the cultivation and introduction of G. longipes and gives insights into the relationship between soil microorganisms and secondary metabolite accumulation of G. longipes.

, correspAuthors=Juan CHEN, Baolin GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: CHEN Juan,
GUO Baolin,
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【目的】 比较不同种植地长梗绞股蓝根际和非根际土壤细菌多样性和群落组成差异,结合环境因子关联分析,揭示影响长梗绞股蓝土壤细菌群落的关键因子,为长梗绞股蓝的栽培引种提供参考,也为进一步探究不同产区长梗绞股蓝根际微生物与化学成分含量的关系奠定基础。【方法】 基于高通量测序技术和土壤理化性质分析,比较不同种植地长梗绞股蓝土壤细菌群落多样性和组成差异,并揭示影响细菌群落的关键环境因子。【结果】 共获得97 085个细菌扩增子序列变体(amplicon sequence variants, ASVs),长梗绞股蓝土壤细菌群落结构在不同种植地间具有显著差异(R=0.562,P=0.001),在根际和非根际土壤中无显著差异。变形菌门(Proteobacteria,27.40%-36.67%)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota,15.60%-22.19%)为长梗绞股蓝土壤细菌中的优势菌门。土壤pH、有效磷(available phosphorus, AP)、速效钾(available potassium, AK)、有机质(soil organic matter, SOM)和碱解氮(alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, AN)是影响长梗绞股蓝土壤细菌群落结构的关键土壤环境因子。【结论】 基于本研究的样本分析,不同产地长梗绞股蓝细菌群落多样性和组成差异显著且与土壤理化性质密切相关。本研究为长梗绞股蓝的引种栽培提供了一定的参考,也为进一步探究绞股蓝土壤微生物与次生代谢产物积累的关系奠定了基础。

, correspAuthors=陈娟, 郭宝林, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=/Zh5T6z2MfudiddrILI3iQ==, magXml=NWxMcbJ9VsIvrubRHNWzTg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=9RfecpXN0vQNw2BW1Bbjkw==, pdfFileSize=2317126, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=wibzqp31UP3EzbwFcFF57g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=JEHtY6X2n90ndHSPfoPKew==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

作者贡献声明

冷春燕:样品处理、论文撰写;尹一飞:协助样品处理和实验操作;侯梦妍:数据收集和处理;于晶:数据收集和处理;李绕静:文章修改;邢咏梅:数据核查并参与论文讨论;陈娟:研究构思和实验设计并修改讨论论文;郭宝林:实验材料采集、研究构思并参与论文讨论。

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Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2023, 38(4): 156-165 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227680978731204703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855193023787874, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx filename=TRXB20240923001&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=74, authorNames=肖茜文, 胡盎, 吴浩, 王建军, journalName=土壤学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=肖茜文, 胡盎, 吴浩, 王建军. 高海拔地区农田和森林土壤稀有细菌群落结构差异及影响因素[J/OL]. 土壤学报, 2024., articleTitle=高海拔地区农田和森林土壤稀有细菌群落结构差异及影响因素, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227680978823479394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855193023787874, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx filename=TRXB20240923001&dbname=CJFD& dbcode=CJFQ, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=75, authorNames=XIAO XW, HU A, WU H, WANG JJ, journalName=Acta Pedologica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIAO XW, HU A, WU H, WANG JJ. Differences in rare bacterial community compositions at high elevation regions and their influencing factors in farmland and forest soils[J/OL]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2024. in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227680978928336999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855193023787874, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=207, issue=null, pageStart=105675, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=76, authorNames=YAN K, DONG YF, GONG YB, ZHU QL, WANG YP, journalName=Catena, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAN K, DONG YF, GONG YB, ZHU QL, WANG YP. Climatic and edaphic factors affecting soil bacterial community biodiversity in different forests of China[J]. 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A: Bacterial composition in rhizosphere soil from different cultivation sites; B: Bacterial composition in non- rhizosphere soil from different cultivation sites., figureFileSmall=Qqr2lqHqKqyRz5hV7udQXA==, figureFileBig=lHI3M91RjbbuLHISoKzTxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680963858203149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855193023787874, language=CN, label=图4, caption=属水平下不同土壤样品细菌群落结构组成。A:不同种植地根际土壤细菌群落组成;B:不同种植地非根际土壤细菌群落结构组成。, figureFileSmall=Qqr2lqHqKqyRz5hV7udQXA==, figureFileBig=lHI3M91RjbbuLHISoKzTxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680963992420886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855193023787874, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of bacterial communities of the soil of Gynostemma longipes in different cultivation sites., figureFileSmall=S4/X2f12FM6QvFAThAPHJA==, figureFileBig=LvvsuMNx9DXOYit19GMRJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680964088889882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855193023787874, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同种植地土壤细菌群落的PCoA分析, figureFileSmall=S4/X2f12FM6QvFAThAPHJA==, figureFileBig=LvvsuMNx9DXOYit19GMRJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680964235690531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855193023787874, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Significance analysis of differences in bacterial communities among different soil samples. 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Sample information of Gynostemma longipes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Samples lableCollecting sitesLongitude (E)Latitude (N)Altitude (m)Collecting date
DGDagui village, Dagui Town, Pingli County, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province109°20′31′′32°45′23′′492.42023-11-28
QJQianjin village, Niutoudian Town, Zhenping County, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province109°58′67′′32°09′84′′852.52023-11-27
BDBadao Township, Guangfo Town, Pingli County, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province109°37′24′′32°15′59′′1 130.12023-11-27
), ArticleFig(id=1227680964919362125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855193023787874, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

长梗绞股蓝采样地信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Samples lableCollecting sitesLongitude (E)Latitude (N)Altitude (m)Collecting date
DGDagui village, Dagui Town, Pingli County, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province109°20′31′′32°45′23′′492.42023-11-28
QJQianjin village, Niutoudian Town, Zhenping County, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province109°58′67′′32°09′84′′852.52023-11-27
BDBadao Township, Guangfo Town, Pingli County, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province109°37′24′′32°15′59′′1 130.12023-11-27
), ArticleFig(id=1227680965028414036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855193023787874, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Soil physical and chemical characteristics in different cultivation sites of Gynostemma longipes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Samples lable

DM

(g/100 g)

SOM

(g/kg)

pH

AN

(mg/kg)

AP

(mg/kg)

AK

(mg/kg)

DG99.73±0.07a32.06±4.99ab5.83±0.07c137.01±41.88a67.52±26.65a154.74±45.67b
QJ99.52±0.05ab27.21±1.77b6.06±0.13b149.28±10.65a100.14±4.90a370.70±47.59a
BD99.26±0.31b44.79±3.73a7.21±0.07a245.33±21.56a56.17±18.81a176.91±26.85b
), ArticleFig(id=1227680965124883035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855193023787874, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同种植地长梗绞股蓝土壤理化指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Samples lable

DM

(g/100 g)

SOM

(g/kg)

pH

AN

(mg/kg)

AP

(mg/kg)

AK

(mg/kg)

DG99.73±0.07a32.06±4.99ab5.83±0.07c137.01±41.88a67.52±26.65a154.74±45.67b
QJ99.52±0.05ab27.21±1.77b6.06±0.13b149.28±10.65a100.14±4.90a370.70±47.59a
BD99.26±0.31b44.79±3.73a7.21±0.07a245.33±21.56a56.17±18.81a176.91±26.85b
), ArticleFig(id=1227680965292655202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855193023787874, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Number of ASV and diversity index of soil bacteria in Gynostemma longipes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample IDASVsChao1 indexShannon indexACE index
DGRZ2 705.40±468.34b2 706.23±468.13b9.91±0.46b2 718.88±468.76b
DGS2 877.70±242.77ab2 878.28±242.75ab10.06±0.20b2 890.30±243.20ab
QJRZ3 467.00±414.21ab3 467.52±413.98ab10.40±0.23ab3 480.11±412.17ab
QJS3 264.80±636.37ab3 265.49±636.10ab10.16±0.44ab3 278.14±635.67ab
BDRZ3 402.20±144.01ab3 403.21±144.10ab10.51±0.26ab3 420.26±147.14ab
BDS3 789.80±472.32a3 790.71±471.69a10.75±0.16a3 806.93±467.09a
), ArticleFig(id=1227680965489787506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855193023787874, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

长梗绞股蓝土壤细菌ASV数目及多样性指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample IDASVsChao1 indexShannon indexACE index
DGRZ2 705.40±468.34b2 706.23±468.13b9.91±0.46b2 718.88±468.76b
DGS2 877.70±242.77ab2 878.28±242.75ab10.06±0.20b2 890.30±243.20ab
QJRZ3 467.00±414.21ab3 467.52±413.98ab10.40±0.23ab3 480.11±412.17ab
QJS3 264.80±636.37ab3 265.49±636.10ab10.16±0.44ab3 278.14±635.67ab
BDRZ3 402.20±144.01ab3 403.21±144.10ab10.51±0.26ab3 420.26±147.14ab
BDS3 789.80±472.32a3 790.71±471.69a10.75±0.16a3 806.93±467.09a
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陕西省不同种植区长梗绞股蓝土壤理化性质和根部土壤细菌群落结构分析
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冷春燕 1 , 尹一飞 1 , 侯梦妍 1 , 于晶 1 , 李绕静 2 , 邢咏梅 1 , 陈娟 1, 2, * , 郭宝林 1, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(6): 2463-2478
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(6): 2463-2478
陕西省不同种植区长梗绞股蓝土壤理化性质和根部土壤细菌群落结构分析
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冷春燕1, 尹一飞1, 侯梦妍1, 于晶1, 李绕静2, 邢咏梅1, 陈娟1, 2, * , 郭宝林1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京
  • 2.山东第二医科大学 药学院,山东 潍坊
Soil physicochemical properties and root soil bacterial composition of Gynostemma longipes in different planting regions of Shaanxi Province
Chunyan LENG1, Yifei YIN1, Mengyan HOU1, Jing YU1, Raojing LI2, Yongmei XING1, Juan CHEN1, 2, * , Baolin GUO1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
  • 2.School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
出版时间: 2025-06-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240797
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【目的】 比较不同种植地长梗绞股蓝根际和非根际土壤细菌多样性和群落组成差异,结合环境因子关联分析,揭示影响长梗绞股蓝土壤细菌群落的关键因子,为长梗绞股蓝的栽培引种提供参考,也为进一步探究不同产区长梗绞股蓝根际微生物与化学成分含量的关系奠定基础。【方法】 基于高通量测序技术和土壤理化性质分析,比较不同种植地长梗绞股蓝土壤细菌群落多样性和组成差异,并揭示影响细菌群落的关键环境因子。【结果】 共获得97 085个细菌扩增子序列变体(amplicon sequence variants, ASVs),长梗绞股蓝土壤细菌群落结构在不同种植地间具有显著差异(R=0.562,P=0.001),在根际和非根际土壤中无显著差异。变形菌门(Proteobacteria,27.40%-36.67%)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota,15.60%-22.19%)为长梗绞股蓝土壤细菌中的优势菌门。土壤pH、有效磷(available phosphorus, AP)、速效钾(available potassium, AK)、有机质(soil organic matter, SOM)和碱解氮(alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, AN)是影响长梗绞股蓝土壤细菌群落结构的关键土壤环境因子。【结论】 基于本研究的样本分析,不同产地长梗绞股蓝细菌群落多样性和组成差异显著且与土壤理化性质密切相关。本研究为长梗绞股蓝的引种栽培提供了一定的参考,也为进一步探究绞股蓝土壤微生物与次生代谢产物积累的关系奠定了基础。

长梗绞股蓝  /  根部土壤  /  细菌群落  /  理化性质

[Objective] To compare the bacterial diversity and community composition between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of Gynostemma longipes in different planting regions and reveal the key environmental factors by correlating the bacterial community composition with soil physicochemical properties. The findings are expected to provide a reference for the cultivation and introduction of this plant and lay a basis for exploring the relationship between rhizosphere microorganisms and the chemical component content of G. longipes in different planting regions. [Methods] High-throughput sequencing and soil physicochemical property measurement were employed to compare the bacterial diversity and community composition of G. longipes in different planting regions and reveal the key environmental factors influencing the bacterial community. [Results] A total of 97 085 bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were obtained. The bacterial community composition in G. longipes soil showed significant differences among different planting regions (R=0.562, P=0.001) but no significant differences between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil. Proteobacteria (27.40%‒36.67%) and Acidobacteriota (15.60%‒22.19%) were the dominant bacterial phyla. Soil pH, available phosphorus, available potassium, soil organic matter, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were identified as key environmental factors influencing the bacterial community composition in G. longipes soil. [Conclusion] Based on the sample analysis in this study, the bacterial community diversity and composition of G. longipes varied significantly aross different locations and were closely associated with soil physicochemical properties. This study provides a reference for the cultivation and introduction of G. longipes and gives insights into the relationship between soil microorganisms and secondary metabolite accumulation of G. longipes.

Gynostemma longipes  /  rhizosphere  /  bacterial community  /  physicochemical properties
冷春燕, 尹一飞, 侯梦妍, 于晶, 李绕静, 邢咏梅, 陈娟, 郭宝林. 陕西省不同种植区长梗绞股蓝土壤理化性质和根部土壤细菌群落结构分析. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (6) : 2463 -2478 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240797
Chunyan LENG, Yifei YIN, Mengyan HOU, Jing YU, Raojing LI, Yongmei XING, Juan CHEN, Baolin GUO. Soil physicochemical properties and root soil bacterial composition of Gynostemma longipes in different planting regions of Shaanxi Province[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (6) : 2463 -2478 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240797
长梗绞股蓝(Gynostemma longipes)为葫芦科绞股蓝属草质攀缘植物[1],喜温暖湿润的气候环境,广泛分布于我国陕西南部,四川和重庆北部的秦巴山脉。研究表明,长梗绞股蓝含有皂苷类成分,具有较高的药用价值[2-3],是药材绞股蓝的来源之一[4]
由于其药用价值,绞股蓝遭到过度采挖,导致野生资源显著减少[5]。野生资源储量无法满足市场需求,因此当前人工种植已成为主要供给途径。然而,绞股蓝药材的品质因种植区域而异,不同产地绞股蓝的有效成分含量存在一定的差异。张蒙蒙等[6]通过对药用绞股蓝中的三萜皂苷成分进行结构表征,发现秦巴山区域的野生绞股蓝与其他产区的绞股蓝药材成分差异较大。药用植物次生代谢产物的合成是一个由物种遗传调控、产地气候、土壤养分、根际微生物等多维度因素相互作用的过程[7-8]。研究发现土壤微生物对药用植物次生代谢产物的积累具有重要作用,能够通过激活植物免疫系统、调节激素水平来促进植物次生代谢产物的积累。此外,微生物还能通过自身基因簇直接合成次级代谢产物[9],从而提升植物活性物质的含量。例如,茶枝柑根际微生物能够通过与宿主免疫系统的相互作用,激活植物萜烯合成途径并促进单萜烯积累,且部分具有萜烯合成潜力的土壤内生菌可能通过提供单萜前体从而增加柑橘中单萜的积累[10]。因此,绞股蓝次生代谢产物积累与土壤微生物之间是否也存在一定的关联性,仍需进一步探索。
绞股蓝属植物喜阴凉环境且对土壤肥力要求较高,其人工栽培主要采用传统农田种植模式。在栽培过程中,通常通过施加底肥,并在生长周期内进行多次追肥以满足其营养需求。然而,随着产业化种植规模的持续扩大,长期集约化栽培引发的土壤生态问题如连作障碍、根结线虫等也逐渐显现,制约了绞股蓝产业的发展[11-12],严重影响了土壤健康和生态功能。土壤微生物能够参与土壤碳循环、养分循环,改变土壤结构等重要生物过程,对于改善土壤健康具有重要的意义[13]。研究表明,土壤细菌能够通过氮素转化[14]、磷素活化[15]等方式改善土壤养分循环和转化,促进土壤结构的稳定和健康。通过施加菌剂可以增加绞股蓝土壤中固氮菌、降解菌等有益菌的数量,改善土壤微生物区系,缓解连作障碍,并显著提升绞股蓝的生物量和有效成分含量[11]。这些研究结果为解决规模化栽培过程中出现的问题,以及提高绞股蓝产量和质量提供了潜在的有效途径。
秦巴山区作为长梗绞股蓝的优势产区,其地理环境和气候条件为长梗绞股蓝的生长提供了优越的自然条件,并形成了独特的土壤微生物组,探究优势产区长梗绞股蓝生长的土壤微生物因素,能够为绞股蓝的栽培引种提供新思路。陕西省安康市是绞股蓝的自然分布分化中心,又有“绞股蓝故乡”之称,其独特的区域小生态环境十分适宜绞股蓝的生长发育。平利县是中国开发最早、规模最大的绞股蓝人工栽培基地县,也是国家绞股蓝标准化示范区;镇坪县是陕西省中药材现代化科技示范县,与平利县共享种质资源,作为安康市绞股蓝产业的核心县,具有较大的绞股蓝种植规模。基于此,本研究以陕西省安康市平利县大贵、八道和镇坪县前进共3个不同种植区的二年生长梗绞股蓝为材料,采用高通量测序技术对其根际和非根际土壤细菌的群落结构组成进行分析,同时测定了非根际土的土壤理化指标,并结合环境因子关联分析,揭示影响长梗绞股蓝土壤细菌群落的关键土壤环境因子,以期为优化绞股蓝的栽培引种提供指导,也为进一步探究不同产区绞股蓝根际微生物与次生代谢产物积累的关系奠定基础。
陕西省安康市位于中国西北地区的南缘,地处秦岭以南、大巴山以北,主要土壤类型包括黄棕壤、黄褐土、棕壤、棕色石灰土等。安康市南临汉江,北靠秦巴山脉,属亚热带大陆性季风气候,四季分明,气候温暖湿润,年平均气温15 ℃左右,年降水量丰富,约为800-1 200 mm,是长梗绞股蓝的优势和主要种植区域之一。
从陕西省安康市的3个长梗绞股蓝种植地:平利县大贵镇大贵村(DG)、广佛镇八道村(BD)和镇坪县牛头店镇前进村(QJ)采集种植的二年生长梗绞股蓝样品(金沙种源) (表1)。采用随机取样法,在大贵种植地随机选取10株长梗绞股蓝,前进和八道种植地各选取5株。将植株连同土壤拔起,装入标记好的密封袋带回实验室。轻轻抖动根系,使土壤自然脱落,脱落的土壤为非根际土(S),附着在根部约1-5 mm厚的土壤为根际土(RZ)。将附着在根部的土壤取下,得到根际土壤。所有根际土壤样品均用于微生物测序,非根际土样品一部分用于微生物测序,另一部分风干后用于理化性质测定。
从各种植地随机选取3份共9个非根际土壤样品进行理化性质测定,检测的土壤理化指标包括6项:pH、有效磷(available phosphorus, AP)、速效钾(available potassium, AK)、干物质(dry matter, DM)、有机质(soil organic matter, SOM)和碱解氮(alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, AN)。其中:pH按照标准NY/T 1377—2007[16]进行检测;有效磷按照标准LY/T 1232—2015《森林土壤磷的测定》[17]进行检测;速效钾按照标准LY/T 1234—2015《森林土壤钾的测定》[18]进行检测;干物质按照标准HJ 613《土壤含水率和干物质测定》[19]进行检测;有机质按照标准NY/T 1121.6—2006《土壤检测 第6部分:土壤有机质的测定》[20]进行检测;碱解氮按照标准LY/T 1228—2015《森林土壤氮的测定》[21]进行检测。
对3个种植地的40个土壤样品(20个根际和20个非根际土壤样品)进行细菌多样性分析。高通量测序委托北京百迈客生物科技有限公司在Illumina NovaSeq平台上进行。采用双末端测序(paired-end)的方法,构建小片段文库对细菌16S rRNA基因进行测序。使用细菌通用引物338F (5′-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCA-3′)和806R (5′-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′),对细菌16S rRNA基因的V3-V4可变区进行扩增。序列经过拼接和过滤后,采用DADA2方法进行扩增子序列变体(amplicon sequence variants, ASV)聚类。基于ASVs聚类分析结果,以Silva 138为参考数据库对特征序列进行分类学注释,得到每个特征的分类学信息,用于后续群落结构分析。在属水平分类中,若序列无法匹配已知属,则保留其可确认的最高分类阶元(科或目),并标注为“Unclassified”的目/科名。
通过百迈客云数据分析平台对长梗绞股蓝土壤细菌多样性进行分析。使用Excel 2021和SPSS 25.0对理化指标数据和土壤微生物丰度数据进行统计整理,采用单因素方差分析(analysis of variance, ANOVA)和Kruskal-Wallis非参数检验方法进行显著性差异分析。细菌α多样性以ACE、Chao1、Shannon和Simpson指数表示,群落β多样性采用Bray-Curtis距离进行分析。
对3个不同种植地长梗绞股蓝非根际土壤的理化指标进行了测定。结果表明,土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量在3个种植地间不存在显著差异,而干物质、有机质、pH和速效钾含量则存在部分差异(表2)。DG种植地的干物质含量显著高于BD种植地(P<0.05),BD种植地的土壤有机质含量显著高于QJ种植地(P<0.05),QJ种植地的土壤速效钾含量显著高于BD和DG种植地(P<0.05)。3个种植地间的土壤pH差异显著(P<0.05),整体呈中性和弱酸性。
在Illumina NovaSeq高通量测序平台上,对3个种植地长梗绞股蓝根际和非根际细菌群落进行测序,共获得2 988 688条clean reads和97 085个细菌ASVs,其中根际土壤共50 265个,非根际土壤共54 674个。3个种植地土壤样本中细菌样本文库的覆盖率达到99.8%以上,表明此次测序结果较为准确合理,稀释性曲线和香农指数曲线显示,测序深度基本覆盖了样品的细菌种类(图1)。
α多样性能够反映样品的物种丰富度和多样性。对3个种植地长梗绞股蓝根际和非根际土壤样本进行α多样性指数分析,结果如表3所示。不同种植地长梗绞股蓝根际和非根际土壤细菌的ASVs数量存在部分差异。长梗绞股蓝根际和非根际土壤细菌多样性无显著差异,多样性指数ASV richness、Chao1、Shannon和ACE均无显著差异,表明细菌种群数量接近。不同种植地长梗绞股蓝根际土壤细菌多样性无显著差异,多样性指数ASV richness、Chao1、Shannon和ACE指数均无显著差异。不同种植地非根际土壤细菌多样性存在部分差异,BD种植地的非根际土壤细菌Shannon指数显著高于DG种植地(P<0.05),而其他多样性指数ASV richness、Chao1和ACE无显著差异。在40个土壤样品中,共有87个共有细菌ASVs (图2)。
不同种植地长梗绞股蓝根际和非根际土壤细菌群落在门水平上的组成及丰度差异结果如图3所示。长梗绞股蓝根际和非根际土壤细菌群落组成相似。根际土壤细菌群落主要由变形菌门(Proteobacteria,36.67%-31.02%)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota,15.60%-20.58%)、绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexi,5.46%-8.71%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota,7.94%-9.92%)、出芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota,3.40%-4.98%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota,3.74%-5.85%)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobiota,2.75%-3.65%)、黏球菌门(Myxococcota,2.71%-3.31%)等构成。非根际土壤细菌群落主要由变形菌门(Proteobacteria,27.40%-35.72%)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota,16.76%-22.19%)、绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexi,5.63%-11.15%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota,5.75%-10.74%)、出芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota,4.11%-5.79%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota,3.97%-5.76%)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobiota,1.96%-3.03%)、黏球菌门(Myxococcota,2.47%-3.30%)等构成。在属分类水平下,长梗绞股蓝根际和非根际土壤细菌群落结构在根际和非根际间、不同种植地间组成一致,但相对丰度存在部分差异。其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)为长梗绞股蓝根际和非根际土壤细菌中的优势菌门(相对丰度>10.00%)。
不同种植地长梗绞股蓝土壤细菌群落在属水平上的组成及丰度差异结果如图4所示。属水平下,长梗绞股蓝根际土壤细菌主要由鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas,1.78%-4.22%)、嗜邻聚杆菌科未知属(unclassified Vicinamibacteraceae,1.04%-4.58%)、嗜邻聚杆菌目未知属(unclassified Vicinamibacterales,2.75%-4.25%)、出芽单胞菌科未知属(unclassified Gemmatimonadaceae,2.80%-3.43%)、MND1 (0.88%-2.24%)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium,1.21%-2.64%)、鞘氨醇菌属(Sphingobium,0.98%‒2.62%)、RB41 (1.29%‒2.30%)、硝化螺菌属(Nitrospira,1.59%- 2.40%)、Candidatus Solibacter(0.55%-2.13%)和苔藓杆菌属(Bryobacter,0.69%-1.68%)等细菌构成。非根际土壤细菌主要由嗜邻聚杆菌科未知属(unclassified Vicinamibacteraceae,0.95%‒ 4.99%)、嗜邻聚杆菌目未知属(unclassified Vicinamibacterales,2.93%-4.38%)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas,1.75%-3.01%)、出芽单胞菌科未知属(unclassified Gemmatimonadaceae,3.43%-4.02%)、MND1 (1.09%-2.84%)、RB41 (2.00%‒2.76%)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium,0.81%‒2.72%)、鞘脂醇菌属(Sphingobium,0.78%-2.16%)、硝化螺菌属(Nitrospira,1.79%‒2.40%)、Candidatus Solibacter(0.50%-2.25%)和苔藓杆菌属(Bryobacter,0.66%-1.78%)等细菌构成。在属分类水平下,长梗绞股蓝土壤细菌群落结构在根际和非根际间、不同种植地间组成一致,但相对丰度存在部分差异。其中嗜邻聚杆菌目未知属(unclassified Vicinamibacterales)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、出芽单胞菌科未知属(unclassified Gemmatimonadaceae)为长梗绞股蓝根际和非根际土壤的优势菌属。
采用Bray-Curtis距离算法对不同种植地长梗绞股蓝根际和非根际土壤进行PCoA主成分分析。主成分1 (PCoA1)和主成分2 (PCoA2)的解释度分别为16.62%和8.88% (图5),前2个主成分共解释了25.50%。PCoA结果显示,不同种植地在ASV水平上的细菌群落存在显著差异(P<0.05),而同一种植地根际和非根际土壤细菌群落聚类重叠,土壤细菌群落在ASV水平上相似度高,无显著差异。
不同种植地长梗绞股蓝根际和非根际土壤细菌群落在进化分支图中的位置分布存在显著差异(图6A)。通过LEfSe分析(LDA=4.0)比较了不同种植地长梗绞股蓝根际和非根际土壤细菌群落间呈显著差异的种群,结果表明,具有显著差异的种群包括7门9纲10目7科4属的细菌(图6B)。BD种植地非根际土在目水平(Vicinamibacterales、SBR1031和Rokubacteriales)和科水平(Vicinamibacteraceae)的丰度与其他分组存在显著差异,根际土在属水平(Paucibacter)的丰度与其他分组存在显著差异;DG种植地非根际土在目水平(Pseudomonadales)丰度与其他分组存在显著差异,根际土在目水平(SaccharimonadalesSphingomonadales)、科水平(Sphingomonadaceae)、属水平(Sphingomonas)的丰度与其他分组存在显著差异;QJ种植地非根际土在目水平(AcidobacterialesXanthomonadalesGemmatimonadales)、科水平(ComamonadaceaeRhodanobacteraceaeGemmatimonadaceae) 的丰度与其他分组存在显著差异,而根际土与其他分组无显著差异。
为进一步探明影响长梗绞股蓝土壤细菌群落的主要环境因子,采用冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)对长梗绞股蓝土壤理化因子和非根际土壤细菌属水平的主要物种进行关联分析。RDA1轴和RDA2轴分别占23.72%和14.46%的解释量。结果表明(图7),土壤理化因子对长梗绞股蓝土壤群落组成具有较大影响。土壤有机质、碱解氮和pH与unclassified Vicinamibacteraceae、MND1、RB41、Nitrospira和unclassified Vicinamibacterales菌呈正相关,有效磷和速效钾与unclassified Gemmatimonadaceae、unclassified Chloroflexi菌呈正相关。不同种植地土壤细菌群落的理化因子影响存在差异,与BD种植地土壤细菌群落正相关的土壤理化因子主要为有机质、碱解氮和pH,与QJ种植地土壤细菌群落正相关的主要理化因子为有效磷和速效钾。
研究表明,不同种植地长梗绞股蓝土壤细菌群落中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)是优势菌门,嗜邻聚杆菌目未知属(unclassified Vicinamibacterales)、出芽单胞菌科未知属(unclassified Gemmatimonadaceae)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)为优势菌属,这与曹麟等[11]之前对绞股蓝土壤细菌群落结构的研究结果一致。长梗绞股蓝土壤细菌群落在不同种植地间存在显著差异,这与之前关于不同地区农田作物土壤细菌多样性和群落结构的研究结果一致,即区域差异对土壤细菌群落结构具有显著影响[22-24]。此外,海拔变化会引起土壤温度和理化因子等因素的变化,从而影响微生物群落特征[25-26]。本研究中,3个不同种植地的海拔高度差异较大,这可能影响了土壤环境,进而导致了各种植地细菌群落结构的显著差异。
长梗绞股蓝根际土壤中,鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)为优势菌属。该属是一类有益的土壤细菌,广泛分布在植物根际。研究表明,接种鞘氨醇单胞菌属细菌能够显著提高正常和干旱条件下玉米的生物量[27],并促进拟南芥生长,增强其抗旱性[28]。此外,鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)菌株Gsoil 1429T具有葡萄糖苷酶活性,能够将人参皂苷Rb1通过绞股蓝皂苷XVII 转化为F2[29]。曹麟等[11]通过实验发现,绞股蓝土壤中的新鞘氨醇菌属与总黄酮含量显著相关。药用植物次生代谢产物的合成是一个由物种遗传调控、产地气候、土壤养分、根际微生物等多维度因素相互作用的过程[7-8]。绞股蓝药材的品质因产地而异,不同产地绞股蓝的有效成分含量(如皂苷[6,30]、黄酮[31]、多糖[32]等)存在一定的差异,不同栽培模式也会影响皂苷类成分的含量[33]。根际微生物在“道地性”形成中具有重要作用,研究表明,“道地”和非“道地”产区的铁皮石斛根际微生物群落存在显著差异,微生物能够显著提升铁皮石斛黄酮类成分的积累[34],揭示了微生物在促进药用植物品质形成中的重要性。长梗绞股蓝优势产区的土壤微生物群落是否对其生长和次生代谢产物的积累具有促进作用,仍需进一步实验探究。长梗绞股蓝优势产区土壤微生物群落的研究为绞股蓝的栽培引种提供了参考,有助于促进土壤微生物群落定殖,形成与原产地相似的群落组成和结构,从而更好地促进引种地绞股蓝的生长,提高其品质。
本研究检测的土壤理化因子对长梗绞股蓝土壤群落组成具有较大的影响。结果表明,长梗绞股蓝土壤理化因子AN与Nitrospira菌的丰度呈正相关。Nitrospira菌是一类重要的硝化细菌,在自然界的氮素循环中发挥重要作用,能够将氨氮(NH3)氧化成亚硝酸盐(NO2-)[35-36]。AN的增加可能有利于硝化细菌的生长和硝化过程的进行,这一结果与张小琴等[37]的研究结果一致,即土壤有机肥与Nitrospira种群的丰度呈正相关。RB41、unclassified Vicinamibacteraceae和unclassified Vicinamibacterales是酸杆菌门细菌,其丰度与土壤pH相关,研究表明随着土壤pH的降低,土壤中酸性细菌的丰度也逐渐降低[38]。RB41、unclassified Vicinamibacteraceae和unclassified Vicinamibacterales与土壤中AN呈正相关,可能是因为高水平的氮素输入增加了土壤中的NH4+和NO3-浓度,导致土壤酸化,从而增加了酸性菌门细菌的丰度[39]。SOM在土壤中起着至关重要的作用,为土壤微生物的生命活动提供了必要的养分和能量,对土壤结构、肥力和微生物多样性具有重要影响[40]。土壤中有效磷含量的增加在一定程度上促进了土壤微生物的生长繁殖[41-42]。此外,土壤磷能够影响土壤碳循环及化学性质,高磷添加量能够改善土壤碳有效性和pH值,增加土壤微生物生物量,从而对土壤微生物群落产生影响[43]。土壤中有益微生物能够通过养分供应[14-15]、病害抑制[44]等多重机制,在缓解连作障碍和改善土壤健康中发挥不可替代的作用[45]。关注土壤有益微生物的群落结构变化,对于缓解连作障碍、改善土壤结构和营养平衡以及提升土壤健康具有重要的生态和农业意义。土壤、植物根系和微生物三者在生态系统中紧密联系并相互影响,土壤作为微生物的栖息地,对微生物多样性和群落结构具有重要影响[46]。微生物、植物与植物生存环境紧密联系并相互作用,除土壤环境外,地理、气候和植物群落特征等其他环境因子对土壤微生物的群落结构也有一定影响。例如,与农田相比,森林土壤的稀有细菌群落对环境变化更为敏感,与更多的理化性质相关联[47];天然林与人工林表现出不同的土壤细菌群落多样性[48]。在分析土壤微生物时,应全面考虑包括土壤环境在内的多种环境因子,如地理、气候及植物群落特征等的影响,提示我们在考虑绞股蓝栽培引种时,除微生物因素外,还应对目标栽培地的土壤理化性质进行全面了解,通过优化土壤环境、引入有益菌等方式促进绞股蓝的生长发育,间接提升绞股蓝的栽培品质和产量。
本研究对长梗绞股蓝优势产区的土壤理化因子和细菌群落结构进行了初步探究,为进一步探究不同产区长梗绞股蓝根际微生物与次生代谢产物积累的关系奠定了一定基础,也为优化绞股蓝的栽培引种及引入优势菌群提供了指导。然而,本研究也存在一定的不足和局限性,研究仅对土壤细菌群落和部分土壤理化性质进行了测定和关联分析,可能限制了与微生物群落结构相关性分析的全面性。下一步工作,我们将结合土壤真菌群落结构和绞股蓝有效成分分析,并通过微生物组功能研究进一步验证微生物群落、土壤功能和绞股蓝生长发育的关联性,为优化绞股蓝的栽培种植和解决绞股蓝栽培问题提供更可靠的理论依据。
本研究结果表明,长梗绞股蓝土壤细菌多样性在根际与非根际间无显著差异,在不同种植地之间存在显著差异。长梗绞股蓝土壤中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)为优势菌门,嗜邻聚杆菌目未知属(unclassified Vicinamibacterales)、出芽单胞菌科未知属(unclassified Gemmatimonadaceae)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)为优势菌属。土壤pH、有效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、有机质(SOM)和碱解氮(AN)均是影响长梗绞股蓝土壤微生物群落结构分布的关键土壤环境因子。这些研究结果为优化绞股蓝的栽培种植提供了参考,例如通过关注土壤有益微生物的群落结构变化来缓解连作障碍,改善土壤健康;在引种栽培中引入优势菌群或通过接种功能菌剂优化根际微生态,从而优化栽培引种;通过关键环境因子调控策略促进绞股蓝生长发育,间接提升绞股蓝的栽培品质和产量。本研究为进一步探究不同产区长梗绞股蓝根际微生物与次生代谢产物积累的关系奠定了基础,也为优化绞股蓝的栽培引种及引入优势菌群提供了一定的指导。
感谢曹阳博士协助样品采集。
作者声明不存在任何可能会影响本文所报告工作的已知经济利益或个人关系。
  • 陕西省2024年重点研发计划(2024SF-GJHX-10)
  • 中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(重大协同创新项目)(2021-I2M-1-032)
  • 山东省泰山学者青年专家项目(Tsqn202211233)
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2025年第65卷第6期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240797
  • 接收时间:2024-12-10
  • 首发时间:2026-02-07
  • 出版时间:2025-06-04
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-10
  • 录用日期:2025-03-27
基金
Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province in 2024(2024SF-GJHX-10)
陕西省2024年重点研发计划(2024SF-GJHX-10)
CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)(2021-I2M-1-032)
中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(重大协同创新项目)(2021-I2M-1-032)
Special Fund for Taishan Scholar Project(Tsqn202211233)
山东省泰山学者青年专家项目(Tsqn202211233)
作者信息
    1.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京
    2.山东第二医科大学 药学院,山东 潍坊

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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