Article(id=1226855191543202705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226855188863038235, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250112, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1739721600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1742486400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-03-21, onlineDate=1770434671531, onlineDateStr=2026-02-07, pubDate=1748966400000, pubDateStr=2025-06-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770434671531, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770434671531, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770434671531, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226855188863038235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='6', pageStart='2321', pageEnd='2769', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1770434670891, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770435273893, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226857718103851267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226855188863038235, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226857718103851268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226855188863038235, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2625, endPage=2641, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226855191782278038, articleId=1226855191543202705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Isolation, identification, and salt tolerance characterization of a salt-tolerant and plant growth-promoting fungal strain Ophioceras leptosporum LW2, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] Soil salinization is a serious threat to land health, and microbial remediation of saline-alkali soil is an eco-friendly and practical approach. Endophytic fungi can enhance host resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Consequently, there is a need for further research on the biological characteristics of endophytic fungi. Such research can expand the existing endophytic fungal database and provide elite strains and effective strategies for the green remediation of saline-alkali soil and soil restoration. [Methods] The characteristics of the fungal strain were analyzed by plate culture under stress, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis. The colonization of the strain in rice roots was examined by GFP fluorescence labeling, trypan blue staining, SEM, and colonization curve plotting. Pot experiments under stress and non-stress conditions, the peroxidase activity assay, transcriptome analysis, and gene expression analysis were carried out to decipher the mechanism by which the strain enhanced the salt tolerance of rice plants. [Results] An endophytic fungal strain, LW2, capable of enhancing the salt tolerance of host rice plants, was obtained. The phylogenetic tree showed that LW2 clustered with Ophioceras leptosporum CBS 894.70 in the same minimal clade, and thus the strain was identified as O. leptosporum LW2. LW2 successfully colonized rice roots and promoted the growth of potted rice. The rice plants co-cultured with LW2 showed significant increases in the fresh weight, plant height, and stem width. The pot experiments under salt stress showed that LW2 improved the salt tolerance of rice by increasing the plant height and stem width under stress conditions while alleviating stress-induced wilting and yellowing. LW2 mitigated salt-induced damage of rice by increasing the peroxidase activity and promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. In addition, LW2 regulated the expression of EIL1 and HKTs in the ethylene signaling pathway which affected ion transport, thereby enhancing rice salt tolerance. [Conclusion] This study identified an endophytic fungal strain, O. leptosporum LW2, capable of enhancing the salt tolerance of host rice. We preliminarily investigate the salt tolerance mechanism of this strain, providing scientific evidence and an elite strain for microbial remediation of saline-alkaline soil and the development of green agriculture.

, correspAuthors=Fucheng LIN, Lin LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: LIN Fucheng,
LI Lin,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Caoyi WANG, Xueming ZHU, Zhengyi ZHANG, Jiandong BAO, Zifang SHEN, Fucheng LIN, Lin LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1226855195552957431, articleId=1226855191543202705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=一株耐盐促生内生真菌 Ophioceras leptosporum LW2的分离鉴定和耐盐特征分析, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】 盐碱地严重危害土地健康,利用微生物改良盐碱地是一种绿色、有效的方式。内生真菌能够增强宿主植物应对生物和非生物胁迫的能力。因此,深入研究内生真菌的生物学特征,不仅可扩充内生真菌资源库,还能为绿色改良盐碱地和土壤修复提供优势菌种及有效策略。【方法】 采用平板胁迫培养法、扫描电镜观察以及多基因联合序列系统发育树分析研究菌种的特性;通过GFP荧光蛋白定位、台盼蓝染色法、扫描电镜观察及定殖曲线绘制,确定菌株在水稻根部的定殖情况;利用胁迫和非胁迫条件下的盆栽试验、过氧化物酶活性测定、转录组分析及基因表达量变化,探究菌株提升水稻耐盐性的机理。【结果】 获得了一株可提升寄主水稻耐盐性的内生真菌LW2。系统发育树分析显示其与Ophioceras leptosporum CBS 894.70处于同一最小分支,鉴定为Ophioceras leptosporum LW2。LW2菌株定殖于水稻根部,促进盆栽水稻的生长,与LW2共培养的水稻在鲜重、株高、茎宽上显著提升。盐胁迫下的水稻盆栽试验表明,LW2可以提升水稻的耐盐性能,显著提高盐胁迫下水稻的株高和茎宽,减轻盐胁迫引起的枯黄和萎蔫。耐盐性机理初探结果表明,LW2可通过影响水稻过氧化物酶含量促进活性氧清除,从而减轻盐胁迫对水稻的危害;同时,LW2还能调控乙烯信号通路中EIL1HKTs基因的表达,通过乙烯信号途径影响离子转运,增强水稻的耐盐性。【结论】 本研究发现了一株可提升寄主水稻耐盐性的内生真菌菌株O. leptosporum LW2,并初步探究了其提升水稻耐盐性的机理,为微生物改良盐碱地与农业绿色发展提供了科学依据与优质菌株资源。

, correspAuthors=林福呈, 李琳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=CXsRVzFQsIUkFx0PmVvVLA==, magXml=2usWYvc/4q+G5+a9Fef4WA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=721zXmb6m2wENp1NxWSTDA==, pdfFileSize=3999784, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=z9TpjZ9UBO1n9JntLaBucQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=4TRJysxkXhGAeUnVT9X+4Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

作者贡献声明

王操屹:论文撰写和修改,数据收集和处理;朱学明:提供资源,项目管理;张正一:方法论,监督管理;鲍坚东:数据收集与监管,文章审阅;沈自芳:提供技术支持;林福呈:研究构思和设计;李琳:论文撰写和修改,研究构思和设计。

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New Phytologist, 2020, 225(1): 474-487., articleTitle=Novel crosstalk between ethylene- and jasmonic acid-pathway responses to a piercing-sucking insect in rice, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1227680972422972276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, awardId=2023YFD1902904, language=EN, fundingSource=National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1902904), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1227680972511052667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, awardId=2023YFD1902904, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1902904), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1227680972620104576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, awardId=2022C02029, language=EN, fundingSource=Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province(2022C02029), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1227680972708184966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, awardId=2022C02029, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省科技计划(2022C02029), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1227680961295483298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227680961308066211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, companyId=1227680961295483298, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227680961312260519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, companyId=1227680961295483298, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.浙江农林大学 现代农学院,浙江 杭州)]), AuthorCompany(id=1227680961551335852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227680961559724463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, companyId=1227680961551335852, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227680961568113072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, companyId=1227680961551335852, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所,农产品质量安全全国重点实验室,浙江 杭州)]), AuthorCompany(id=1227680961681359286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227680961689747896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, companyId=1227680961681359286, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227680961693942201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, companyId=1227680961681359286, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.湘湖实验室,浙江 杭州)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1227680968526463703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Colony morphology and salt resistance of LW2. A: LW2 was grown on PDA medium containing 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 mol/L NaCl for ten days; B: Mycelial morphology of LW2 under the microscope; C: Mycelial morphology of LW2 under scanning electron microscope; D: DAPI staining of LW2 mycelia; E: Diameter of LW2 colonies in plates with different salt concentrations (*: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001)., figureFileSmall=7PWPghylpnWPjGoonYFjcg==, figureFileBig=m6HbUY+PyJvEjVHbrJY0nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680968723595999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, language=CN, label=图1, caption=LW2的菌落形态和耐盐能力。A:LW2在含0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mol/L NaCl的PDA培养基上生长10 d;B:显微镜下LW2的菌丝形态;C:扫描电镜下LW2的菌丝形态;D:LW2菌丝的DAPI染色;E:不同盐浓度平板中LW2菌落的直径。, figureFileSmall=7PWPghylpnWPjGoonYFjcg==, figureFileBig=m6HbUY+PyJvEjVHbrJY0nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680968899756785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Phylogenetic tree of the endophytic fungus LW2. The serial number in parentheses indicates the ITS gene sequence number of the corresponding species; The number on the branch point indicates the confidence level of the branch; The scale bar indicates that the evolutionary tree can be displayed with a sequence divergence scale of 0.1., figureFileSmall=RraFww8iqc0JxFMYOLq24w==, figureFileBig=ZZUW9RwysAn1mj5kFV0CIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680969033974517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, language=CN, label=图2, caption=内生真菌LW2的系统发育树。括号中的序号表示对应物种的ITS基因序列号;分支点上的数字表示该分支的可信度;标尺表示发育树可显示的序列差异度比例尺为0.1。, figureFileSmall=RraFww8iqc0JxFMYOLq24w==, figureFileBig=ZZUW9RwysAn1mj5kFV0CIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680969159803645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=LW2 colonization in rice roots. A: The colonization pattern of LW2 under GFP fluorescence; B: Observation of LW2 colonization in rice roots by Trypan blue staining; C: Scanning electron microscopy observation of LW2 colonization in rice roots; D: Relative DNA content of fungi/rice roots at different time points in rice roots., figureFileSmall=0XwSp96dkzkftBJ6hRvWdA==, figureFileBig=Jx56pp0RMbsA92ffwiX9kQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680969268855553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, language=CN, label=图3, caption=LW2菌株在水稻根部的定殖。A:LW2在 GFP 荧光下的定殖模式;B:台盼蓝染色法观察LW2在水稻根部的定殖;C:扫描电镜观察LW2在水稻根部的定殖;D:不同时间点水稻根部真菌/水稻根部的相对DNA含量。, figureFileSmall=0XwSp96dkzkftBJ6hRvWdA==, figureFileBig=Jx56pp0RMbsA92ffwiX9kQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680969382101769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Growth promoting effect of LW2 on rice under salt stress. A: Effect of salt stress and LW2 strain on fresh weight of rice; B: Effect of salt stress and LW2 strain on SPAD value of rice; C: Effect of salt stress and LW2 strain on stem length of rice; D: Effect of salt stress and LW2 strain on stem width of rice; E: Effect of salt stress and LW2 strain on root length of rice; F: Effect of salt stress and LW2 strain on leaf width of rice; G: Growth status of potted rice after LW2 colonization; H: Morphology of potted rice monocultures after LW2 colonization. Error lines indicate mean±SD, n=9. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001****: P<0.000 1. CK: Untreated; LW2: Inoculated with LW2; CK+NaCl: 0.15 mol/L NaCl treatment; LW2+NaCl: Inoculated with LW2 at 0.15 mol/L NaCl treatment. The same as below., figureFileSmall=emKU9BG1XBzbEP8+orobQQ==, figureFileBig=ImHSPiMokTM9Vf+oKqj0Ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680969520513811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, language=CN, label=图4, caption=LW2菌株在盐胁迫下对水稻生长的促进作用。A:盐胁迫和LW2菌株对水稻鲜重的影响;B:盐胁迫和LW2菌株对水稻SPAD值影响;C:盐胁迫和LW2菌株对水稻株高的影响;D:盐胁迫和LW2菌株对水稻茎宽的影响;E:盐胁迫和LW2菌株对水稻根长的影响;F:盐胁迫和LW2菌株对水稻叶宽的影响;G:LW2定殖后盆栽水稻的生长状态;H:LW2定殖后盆栽水稻的单株形态。误差线表示平均值±标准差,n=9。*:P<0.05;**:P<0.01;***:P<0.001;****:P<0.000 1。CK:未处理;LW2:接种LW2;CK+NaCl:0.15 mol/L NaCl处理;LW2+NaCl:0.15 mol/L NaCl处理时接种LW2。, figureFileSmall=emKU9BG1XBzbEP8+orobQQ==, figureFileBig=ImHSPiMokTM9Vf+oKqj0Ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680969621177114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=LW2 enhances salt tolerance in rice. A: Growth of rice in inoculated and non-inoculated LW2 groups after 0.2 mol/L salt stress treatment between 7 and 14 days of incubation; B: Peroxidase activity in rice inoculated with LW2; C: Hydrogen peroxide content in rice after inoculation with LW2. **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001., figureFileSmall=vsTdyGeN19Oe4amzExKbtA==, figureFileBig=u2ckSvSq859lOBKd/YzFaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680969742811936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, language=CN, label=图5, caption=LW2菌株提高水稻抗盐能力。A:接种和非接种LW2组的水稻在0.2 mol/L盐胁迫处理后共培养第7天和第14天的生长情况;B:接种LW2后水稻中过氧化物酶活性;C:接种LW2后水稻中过氧化氢含量。, figureFileSmall=vsTdyGeN19Oe4amzExKbtA==, figureFileBig=u2ckSvSq859lOBKd/YzFaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680969860252458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Transcriptomic differences between rice inoculated with LW2 and uninoculated with LW2. A: Volcano plot of the number of differential genes in inoculated and uninoculated strains of LW2 rice, red indicating significantly up-regulated genes, green indicating significantly down-regulated genes, and black indicating genes with insignificant differences in expression levels between the two groups; B: GO enrichment analysis of differential genes in inoculated and uninoculated strain LW2 rice. Horizontal coordinates indicate the ratio of the number of differential genes in the corresponding pathway to the number of genes detected, vertical coordinates indicate the gene pathways of the relevant functions, and test reliability and statistical significance increase with decreasing Q values. The size of the circles in the figure represents the number of differential genes in the corresponding pathway., figureFileSmall=8qm8bKe3iEhTmS3G/th9Hg==, figureFileBig=FhIPvp1w/IzCwXyYAOtHlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680969986081586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, language=CN, label=图6, caption=共培养LW2与对照组的水稻转录组学分析。A:接种和未接种菌株LW2的水稻差异基因数量的火山图,红色表示显著上调的基因,绿色表示显著下调的基因,黑色表示两组之间表达水平差异不显著的基因;B:接种和未接种菌株LW2的水稻差异基因的GO富集分析。横坐标表示相应通路中的差异基因数与检测到的基因数之比,纵坐标表示相关功能的基因通路,测试可靠性和统计显著性随着Q值的降低而增加。图中圆形的大小代表相应通路中差异基因的数量。, figureFileSmall=8qm8bKe3iEhTmS3G/th9Hg==, figureFileBig=FhIPvp1w/IzCwXyYAOtHlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680970095133498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=GO enrichment circles of differential genes in co-cultured and control groups of rice. From the outside to the inside, the first circle indicates the name of the significantly enriched GO secondary pathway; The second circle indicates the number of background genes and P value in that pathway; The more genes there are, the longer the bar, the more pronounced the enrichment, and the redder the degree of enrichment; The third circle indicates the number of up-regulated and down-regulated genes, with the lighter red color representing the number of up-regulated genes, and the lighter blue color representing the number of down-regulated genes; The fourth circle indicates the per-GO categorical Rich factor value (the number of foreground genes divided by the number of background genes for that classification), and each cell of the background auxiliary line represents 0.2., figureFileSmall=fb9c9RqfVrQ2+gb33UlYvg==, figureFileBig=3KU1lokMVPsgPl4S7TXSEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680970195796800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, language=CN, label=图7, caption=共培养组和对照组水稻中差异基因的GO富集圈图。从外到内,第1个圆圈表示显著富集的GO二级通路的名称;第2个圆圈表示该通路中背景基因的数量和P值;基因越多,条形越长,富集越明显,富集程度越红;第3个圆圈表示上调和下调基因的数量,浅红色代表上调基因的数量,浅蓝色代表下调基因的数量;第4个圆圈表示每个GO分类的Rich factor值(前景基因数除以该分类的背景基因数),背景辅助线的每个单元格表示0.2。, figureFileSmall=fb9c9RqfVrQ2+gb33UlYvg==, figureFileBig=3KU1lokMVPsgPl4S7TXSEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680970321625929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Effect of LW2 on the expression of EIL1 and HKTs genes in rice. A: Effect of LW2 strain on rice EIL1 gene expression; B: Effect of LW2 strain on rice HKT1;1 gene expression; C: Effect of LW2 strain on rice HKT1;3 gene expression; D: Effect of LW2 strain on rice HKT2;1 gene expression; E: Effect of LW2 strain on rice HKT2;3 gene expression. **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001., figureFileSmall=mM3CdEnWlsh66b496+DrPA==, figureFileBig=9G7O/l5xJxWU6E9A39RZUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680970426483535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, language=CN, label=图8, caption=LW2菌株对水稻 EIL1HKTs 基因表达量的影响。A:LW2菌株对水稻EIL1基因表达量的影响;B:LW2菌株对水稻HKT1;1基因表达量的影响;C:LW2菌株对水稻HKT1;3基因表达量的影响;D:LW2菌株对水稻HKT2;1基因表达量的影响;E:LW2菌株对水稻HKT2;3基因表达量的影响。, figureFileSmall=mM3CdEnWlsh66b496+DrPA==, figureFileBig=9G7O/l5xJxWU6E9A39RZUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680970560701271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Pattern diagram of the enhanced salt tolerance of rice by LW2. LW2 mainly enhances rice’s salt tolerance through two pathways: stimulating catalase activity and regulating the expression of rice genes., figureFileSmall=UYZG9Os/pLlTL7ERY96NmQ==, figureFileBig=tkCuDJ3T0PqKnMdaPYFrpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680970699113309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, language=CN, label=图9, caption=LW2增强水稻抗盐能力的模式图, figureFileSmall=UYZG9Os/pLlTL7ERY96NmQ==, figureFileBig=tkCuDJ3T0PqKnMdaPYFrpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227680970812359523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers of RT-qPCR used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
OsEIL1-FAGGCCTAATGCAGTCAACCC
OsEIL1-RACCGAATGGAGTATCGTCGC
HKT1;1-FGCTCAGCATCTCTGTGGGTT
HKT1;1-RCGAGCTGAACTACCAAAGGGT
HKT1;3-FTGCATCACAGAACGGGACTC
HKT1;3-RGATCGCTTTCCCATTGTCGC
HKT2;1-FGGCCTTATGGCTTCCTTGGT
HKT2;1-RGTACTAGAACAGCAGGGGCG
HKT2;3-FCTTGCAGTTGTGGAGGTTGC
HKT2;3-RTCTATCGTCGCTTTCTGGGC
OsActin-FGAGTATGATGAGTCGGGTCCAG
OsActin-RACACCAACAATCCCAAACAGAG
), ArticleFig(id=1227680970921411432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226855191543202705, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用RT-qPCR引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
OsEIL1-FAGGCCTAATGCAGTCAACCC
OsEIL1-RACCGAATGGAGTATCGTCGC
HKT1;1-FGCTCAGCATCTCTGTGGGTT
HKT1;1-RCGAGCTGAACTACCAAAGGGT
HKT1;3-FTGCATCACAGAACGGGACTC
HKT1;3-RGATCGCTTTCCCATTGTCGC
HKT2;1-FGGCCTTATGGCTTCCTTGGT
HKT2;1-RGTACTAGAACAGCAGGGGCG
HKT2;3-FCTTGCAGTTGTGGAGGTTGC
HKT2;3-RTCTATCGTCGCTTTCTGGGC
OsActin-FGAGTATGATGAGTCGGGTCCAG
OsActin-RACACCAACAATCCCAAACAGAG
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一株耐盐促生内生真菌 Ophioceras leptosporum LW2的分离鉴定和耐盐特征分析
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王操屹 1 , 朱学明 2 , 张正一 2 , 鲍坚东 2 , 沈自芳 2 , 林福呈 2, 3, * , 李琳 2, 3, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(6): 2625-2641
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(6): 2625-2641
一株耐盐促生内生真菌 Ophioceras leptosporum LW2的分离鉴定和耐盐特征分析
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王操屹1, 朱学明2, 张正一2, 鲍坚东2, 沈自芳2, 林福呈2, 3, * , 李琳2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.浙江农林大学 现代农学院,浙江 杭州
  • 2.浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所,农产品质量安全全国重点实验室,浙江 杭州
  • 3.湘湖实验室,浙江 杭州
Isolation, identification, and salt tolerance characterization of a salt-tolerant and plant growth-promoting fungal strain Ophioceras leptosporum LW2
Caoyi WANG1, Xueming ZHU2, Zhengyi ZHANG2, Jiandong BAO2, Zifang SHEN2, Fucheng LIN2, 3, * , Lin LI2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
  • 3.Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
出版时间: 2025-06-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250112
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【目的】 盐碱地严重危害土地健康,利用微生物改良盐碱地是一种绿色、有效的方式。内生真菌能够增强宿主植物应对生物和非生物胁迫的能力。因此,深入研究内生真菌的生物学特征,不仅可扩充内生真菌资源库,还能为绿色改良盐碱地和土壤修复提供优势菌种及有效策略。【方法】 采用平板胁迫培养法、扫描电镜观察以及多基因联合序列系统发育树分析研究菌种的特性;通过GFP荧光蛋白定位、台盼蓝染色法、扫描电镜观察及定殖曲线绘制,确定菌株在水稻根部的定殖情况;利用胁迫和非胁迫条件下的盆栽试验、过氧化物酶活性测定、转录组分析及基因表达量变化,探究菌株提升水稻耐盐性的机理。【结果】 获得了一株可提升寄主水稻耐盐性的内生真菌LW2。系统发育树分析显示其与Ophioceras leptosporum CBS 894.70处于同一最小分支,鉴定为Ophioceras leptosporum LW2。LW2菌株定殖于水稻根部,促进盆栽水稻的生长,与LW2共培养的水稻在鲜重、株高、茎宽上显著提升。盐胁迫下的水稻盆栽试验表明,LW2可以提升水稻的耐盐性能,显著提高盐胁迫下水稻的株高和茎宽,减轻盐胁迫引起的枯黄和萎蔫。耐盐性机理初探结果表明,LW2可通过影响水稻过氧化物酶含量促进活性氧清除,从而减轻盐胁迫对水稻的危害;同时,LW2还能调控乙烯信号通路中EIL1HKTs基因的表达,通过乙烯信号途径影响离子转运,增强水稻的耐盐性。【结论】 本研究发现了一株可提升寄主水稻耐盐性的内生真菌菌株O. leptosporum LW2,并初步探究了其提升水稻耐盐性的机理,为微生物改良盐碱地与农业绿色发展提供了科学依据与优质菌株资源。

内生真菌  /  盐胁迫  /  水稻  /  促生

[Objective] Soil salinization is a serious threat to land health, and microbial remediation of saline-alkali soil is an eco-friendly and practical approach. Endophytic fungi can enhance host resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Consequently, there is a need for further research on the biological characteristics of endophytic fungi. Such research can expand the existing endophytic fungal database and provide elite strains and effective strategies for the green remediation of saline-alkali soil and soil restoration. [Methods] The characteristics of the fungal strain were analyzed by plate culture under stress, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis. The colonization of the strain in rice roots was examined by GFP fluorescence labeling, trypan blue staining, SEM, and colonization curve plotting. Pot experiments under stress and non-stress conditions, the peroxidase activity assay, transcriptome analysis, and gene expression analysis were carried out to decipher the mechanism by which the strain enhanced the salt tolerance of rice plants. [Results] An endophytic fungal strain, LW2, capable of enhancing the salt tolerance of host rice plants, was obtained. The phylogenetic tree showed that LW2 clustered with Ophioceras leptosporum CBS 894.70 in the same minimal clade, and thus the strain was identified as O. leptosporum LW2. LW2 successfully colonized rice roots and promoted the growth of potted rice. The rice plants co-cultured with LW2 showed significant increases in the fresh weight, plant height, and stem width. The pot experiments under salt stress showed that LW2 improved the salt tolerance of rice by increasing the plant height and stem width under stress conditions while alleviating stress-induced wilting and yellowing. LW2 mitigated salt-induced damage of rice by increasing the peroxidase activity and promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. In addition, LW2 regulated the expression of EIL1 and HKTs in the ethylene signaling pathway which affected ion transport, thereby enhancing rice salt tolerance. [Conclusion] This study identified an endophytic fungal strain, O. leptosporum LW2, capable of enhancing the salt tolerance of host rice. We preliminarily investigate the salt tolerance mechanism of this strain, providing scientific evidence and an elite strain for microbial remediation of saline-alkaline soil and the development of green agriculture.

endophytic fungi  /  salt stress  /  rice  /  plant-growth promoting effect
王操屹, 朱学明, 张正一, 鲍坚东, 沈自芳, 林福呈, 李琳. 一株耐盐促生内生真菌 Ophioceras leptosporum LW2的分离鉴定和耐盐特征分析. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (6) : 2625 -2641 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250112
Caoyi WANG, Xueming ZHU, Zhengyi ZHANG, Jiandong BAO, Zifang SHEN, Fucheng LIN, Lin LI. Isolation, identification, and salt tolerance characterization of a salt-tolerant and plant growth-promoting fungal strain Ophioceras leptosporum LW2[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (6) : 2625 -2641 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250112
土壤盐渍化是全球农业生产的一个重要限制因素[1]。据联合国粮食及农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO)统计,全球有超过40亿hm2的土壤受到盐渍化的影响。土壤盐渍化会改变土壤的理化性质,降低土壤质量,例如导致土壤孔隙变小,水气交换性下降,降低土壤持水能力,引起土壤板结,改变土壤离子组成,使土壤缺乏有效氮和有效磷等[2-3]。盐渍化还会直接影响植物,引起植物生理干旱、钠离子和氯离子过度积累[4]以及土壤pH值升高[5],最终抑制植物生长并降低产量[6]。生物改良技术是一种重要的盐渍土改良手段[7]。传统的生物改良方法主要通过种植耐盐植物(如芦苇、苜蓿等)来改善土壤的理化性质[8]。近年来,随着对微生物研究的不断深入,利用微生物改良盐渍土的技术受到了广泛关注[9]。研究表明,耐盐碱的沙雷氏菌DXB3-4可以改良盐碱地成分,提升土壤中的有机质和有效磷含量,同时降低土壤pH值[10]。丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi, AMF)可以减轻玉米幼苗受盐胁迫的影响,并促进其生长[11]
内生真菌是一类在宿主的部分或全部生活史中定殖于宿主体内,但对宿主无害的真菌[12]。在漫长的协同进化过程中,内生真菌与寄主植物建立了互利共生的关系[13]。寄主植物为内生真菌提供养分和栖息地,而内生真菌则协助寄主植物生长、抗病和抗逆[14]。近年来,越来越多的内生真菌被开发和利用。内生真菌可通过产生植物激素[15-16]、提高寄主植物对养分的吸收[17-18]以及诱导寄主植物的免疫抗性[19-20]来促进寄主植物的生长和抗逆性。因此利用内生真菌改善植物在逆境条件下的生长是一个重要的研究方向。研究表明,接种耐盐的链格孢混合菌剂可以促进小麦在盐胁迫下的生长[21]。在盐胁迫下,接种耐盐的镰孢菌、曲霉菌和枝孢菌的高羊茅幼苗的株高、叶宽、根长和生物量均有显著增加,且光合速率上升[22]
乙烯(ethylene, ET)是一种气态植物激素,最初被发现在植物细胞生长和果实成熟过程中起作用。随着研究的深入,乙烯在植物响应盐胁迫中的调控功能逐渐受到广泛关注[23]。在小麦中过表达ACO1基因会导致乙烯含量显著增加,但同时也会降低小麦的耐盐性[24]。拟南芥ACS7基因的功能缺失突变体在幼苗萌发阶段表现出乙烯含量减少和耐盐性增强[25]。外源乙烯处理可诱导拟南芥乙烯信号通路中的关键转录因子EIN3表达上调,EIN3能激活乙烯和盐诱导转录因子ESE1的表达,从而提高植物的抗盐性[26]。OsEIL1是水稻乙烯信号通路的调控因子,其功能缺失会表现出显著的耐盐性增强,而过表达株系则对盐胁迫敏感[27]。这种调控作用与OsEIL1介导的离子转运功能密切相关,其通过调节钠离子(Na⁺)和钾离子(K⁺)的稳态平衡影响水稻的耐盐性[28]
本研究从水稻根系中分离出一种具有耐盐性的Ophioceras leptosporum LW2内生真菌,与水稻共培养发现LW2菌株能够增强寄主水稻的耐盐性。此外,还检测了过氧化物酶的活性和水稻耐盐响应相关基因的表达水平,初步阐明了O. leptosporum LW2增强水稻耐盐性的机制。本研究为通过微生物法改良盐碱地提供菌种资源和研究基础。
本研究所用菌株为本实验室从浙江省台州市水稻田的水稻根系中分离出的内生真菌菌株Ophioceras leptosporum LW2。
PDA培养基(g/L):马铃薯200.0,葡萄糖20.0,琼脂15.0。121 ℃灭菌15 min。
1/2 MS培养基(g/L):蔗糖5.0,MS salt 2.2,MES 0.5,pH调至5.7。固体培养基需再加入8 g/L琼脂粉。
盐胁迫PDA培养基:以PDA培养基为基底,根据所需NaCl浓度加入相应量的NaCl。
MEA (malt extract agar)培养基(g/L):麦芽糖提取物20.0,琼脂15.0。121 ℃灭菌15 min。
将采集到的水稻根系样品用清水冲洗,去除表面土壤和杂质。在超净台中用75%乙醇浸泡消毒3 min,用无菌水冲洗3次,再用2%次氯酸钠浸泡消毒2 min,用无菌水冲洗3次。用灭菌吸水纸吸去根系表面水分,随后将根切成0.5 cm的小段,将切面接种在MEA培养基上25 ℃黑暗培养,每12 h观察是否长出菌丝,待长出内生真菌菌丝后,用无菌牙签将其挑出并转接至PDA培养基上25 ℃黑暗培养。PDA培养基上生长的菌落即为分离培养得到的内生真菌。
LW2菌株在PDA培养基上生长10 d后,用打孔器从菌落边缘取直径为0.5 cm的菌丝块,接种到直径为7 cm的盐胁迫PDA培养基上。将菌落置于25 ℃的黑暗环境中培养10 d,拍照并测量菌落直径。在显微镜下用牙签刮取部分菌丝,观察菌丝形态。每个实验包括3个生物重复和3个技术重复。
染色步骤:用牙签从培养基中刮取菌丝,用PBS冲洗5 min。然后加入4′,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, DAPI)工作液,室温染色5-10 min,染色后用PBS再次冲洗。最后,用含DAPI的PBS封闭载玻片,在荧光显微镜下用波长为360 nm的激发光进行观察。
DAPI工作溶液:用PBS稀释DAPI储存液(将0.5 mg DAPI溶解于5.0 mL PBS中,分装到1.5 mL离心管中,4 ℃保存),稀释至最终浓度为0.1 μg/mL。
用无菌牙签从PDA培养基平板上挑取1 cm× 1 cm大小的无污染菌饼(生长5-7 d的新鲜菌饼),放入已加入无菌钢珠的灭菌离心管中。 向离心管中加入500 μL DNA Buffer,混合后,在MP FastPrep®-24均质破碎仪中以65 Hz的频率振荡90 s,充分混匀。随后在室温下以12 000 r/min离心10 min。离心后取250 μL上清液转移至新的离心管中,加入等体积的异丙醇,振荡混匀5-6次。在室温下以12 000 r/min离心10 min,完全倒掉上清液。加入500 μL 70%乙醇,振荡混匀5-6次。在室温下以12 000 r/min离心2 min。倒掉乙醇,将离心管倒置放在吸水纸上除去乙醇,然后放置在通风处干燥使乙醇完全挥发。加入50 μL ddH2O溶解,室温溶解30 min,所得溶液即为DNA提取液。置于-20 °C保存。
将通用引物测定的真菌菌株序列(ITS、RPB和LSU)提交到美国国家生物技术信息中心门户网站(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)进行BLAST比对,以寻找近缘真菌。根据序列比对结果,选择合适的真菌构建系统发育树。利用MEGA 7基于最大似然法(maximum likelihood method, ML)构建了ITS-RPB-LSU序列联配系统发育树。
为验证LW2菌株在寄主水稻根中的定殖情况,采用农杆菌转化法将绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein, GFP)标记转入LW2菌株中[29]。将水稻与带有GFP标记的LW2菌株在盆栽中共培养14 d后,用清水洗去水稻根表面土壤,截取1.0-1.5 cm的水稻根段。用吸水纸吸干根表面水分后将水稻根切成薄片,用于制作根横截面切片,在共聚焦显微镜[仪景通光学科技(上海)有限公司]下观察,检测GFP荧光信号。使用焦距为20×和40×的共聚焦显微镜观察LW2菌株在水稻根部的定殖情况。
将水稻与内生真菌LW2共培养,在第3、6、9、15、20、25天时采集接种水稻根系样品,用无菌水冲洗表面土壤。将样品用液氮冷冻并研磨成粉末,然后将0.1 g样品粉末放入离心管中提取总DNA。在LightCycler® 480实时PCR系统(上海罗氏制药有限公司)上,根据SYBR Green Premix Pro Taq HS qPCR试剂盒进行qPCR。目标基因的相对表达量采用Livak法计算,以真菌肌动蛋白(actin)为对照。
将水稻种子‘CO39’ (YB, Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica)在含有浸没在蒸馏水中的吸墨纸的培养皿中于37 ℃萌发约48 h。发芽后,将种子转移到装有土壤(土壤配方,培养土:蛭石:珍珠岩=4:1:1)的花盆中,然后在温度为30 ℃、光照/黑暗时间为16 h/8 h、相对湿度50%的条件下生长。为了评估水稻的耐盐性,在水稻移栽到花盆后的第7天开始进行盐处理,用100 mmol/L和200 mmol/L的盐溶液灌溉,每盆每次100 mL。
盐处理14 d后,计算水稻的生长指标,包括鲜重、株高、根长、叶绿素相对含量(soil and plant analyzer development value, SPAD)值、茎宽和叶宽。测量上述指标前,先将水稻从花盆中取出,洗去表面泥土,用吸水纸轻轻擦干表面水分,然后进行测量。每组实验设3个重复,每组取9株进行测定。
收集与菌株LW2共培养14 d后的水稻根部样品,用无菌水清洗,用吸水纸吸去表面水分后在液氮中速冻。样本经干冰运输后送至武汉迈维代谢生物科技股份有限公司,在Illumina平台上进行转录组学测序和抗氧化活性检测。
RNA提取按照Easy RNA提取试剂盒(浙江易思得生物科技有限公司)的步骤进行。使用TransScript One-Step gDNA Removal and cDNA Synthesis SuperMix (北京全式金生物技术有限公司)逆转录RNA。使用LightCycler® 480实时PCR系统和SYBR Green Premix Pro Taq HS qPCR试剂盒进行RT-qPCR。RT-qPCR反应条件:95 ℃ 3 min;95 ℃ 30 s,58 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃1 min,共40个循环。用水稻基因中的肌动蛋白(actin)作为内参基因。RT-qPCR引物如表1所示。
O. leptosporum LW2菌株接种于不同盐浓度梯度的PDA培养基平板上,以评估其耐盐特性。如图1所示,在PDA平板上,LW2的菌落呈白色圆形,边缘整齐(图1A)。光学显微镜下可见大量丝状菌丝,无孢子(图1B)。扫描电镜下,菌丝呈光滑丝状(图1C)。DAPI染色结果显示LW2菌株菌丝为单核无隔型(图1D)。在0.2 mol/L NaCl浓度的PDA培养基中,菌株可以正常生长。然而,当盐浓度达到0.8 mol/L时,菌株生长受到明显抑制。当盐浓度达到1.0 mol/L时,菌株几乎完全无法生长(图1A1E)。
提取LW2菌株的DNA,通过NCBI数据库进行序列比对分析。基于比对结果,从顶囊壳属(Gaeumannomyces)、巨座壳属(Magnaporthe)、Ophioceras和梨孢霉属(Pyricularia)中挑选总计25个物种,利用它们的LSU、ITS和RPB基因序列构建了系统发育树。结果如图2所示,与其他属相比,菌株LW2与Ophioceras表现出更近的亲缘关系,与O. leptosporum聚在同一最小分支。基于以上系统发育关系,将其命名为O. leptosporum LW2。
为了探究LW2菌株在水稻根部的定殖特性,将转入了绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标记的LW2菌株与水稻进行共培养实验。共培养14 d后,通过荧光显微镜观察发现,水稻根部的表皮和内皮层均呈现绿色荧光信号,证明LW2菌株能够成功定殖于水稻根部组织(图3A)。值得注意的是,在维管束部位检测到的荧光信号表明该菌株有向寄主地上部分扩展的潜力。为进一步验证其侵染特性,用台盼蓝染色法观察到LW2菌丝能够侵入水稻根细胞内部(图3B),扫描电镜结果显示,LW2的菌丝能够有效攀附和缠绕水稻根毛,并在根表面形成密集的网状菌丝结构(图3C)。结果表明,LW2菌株可以通过侵染根毛定殖于寄主水稻根部,并在寄主根系细胞表面形成菌丝层,具备在水稻根部定殖的能力。此外,为定量分析LW2菌株在水稻根部的定殖动态,本研究选用单拷贝基因TEF作为分子标记,以水稻actin作为内参基因,采用实时定量PCR技术检测菌株在水稻根部的定殖情况。结果显示,接种后3-9 d,LW2的相对基因含量从0.218缓慢增加到0.372;随后,LW2基因相对含量迅速增加,在9-20 d增加到3.640;20 d后生长速率趋于平稳(图3D)。结果表明,LW2菌株在定殖初期缓慢增殖,随后快速增殖并在寄主根系中大量稳定定殖。
为了进一步探究LW2菌株对寄主耐盐性的影响,将共培养和非共培养LW2的水稻培养14 d。在非胁迫条件下,与对照组相比,共培养组的鲜重显著增加72.2%,株高显著增加10.3%,SPAD值显著提高26.7%,茎宽显著增加44.5%,叶宽显著增加30.8%;在盐胁迫下,共培养组同样展现出生长优势,SPAD值显著增加25.9%,茎宽显著增加24.7%,叶宽显著增加32.8% (图4A-4F)。这些数据表明,LW2菌株可以促进水稻生长,且在盐胁迫下仍能促进水稻的生长。在无胁迫条件下共培养14 d时,共培养组的水稻苗已进入四叶期,而对照组仍处于三叶期;这一发育优势在盐胁迫条件下同样存在(图4H)。这些发现进一步证明了LW2菌株的定殖能显著促进水稻苗期的生长。值得注意的是,在盐胁迫条件下,共培养组的水稻植株表现出更好的抗逆性,与对照组相比,植株枯萎现象明显减少,且叶片呈现健康的嫩绿色(图4G)。这些结果初步表明LW2菌株在增强水稻耐盐性方面发挥着重要作用。
为了进一步探究LW2菌株增强水稻耐盐性的机理,将NaCl处理浓度提高至0.2 mol/L进行胁迫实验。如图5A所示,盐胁迫处理7 d后,对照组水稻植株出现明显的叶尖黄化及植株萎蔫现象,而接种组水稻生长状况正常,叶片呈现嫩绿色。持续胁迫处理至14 d时,对照组植株出现了严重的黄化症状,叶片完全卷曲,生长停滞;接种组仅少数植株出现轻微萎蔫和叶尖黄化,大部分植株仍维持绿色。为探究其潜在的调控机理,在盐处理7 d后采集水稻根系样品测定其过氧化物酶的活性。结果显示,与对照组相比,共培养组水稻根系中的过氧化氢酶活性显著高于对照组,而且根系中的过氧化氢(H2O2)含量显著降低(图5B5C)。LW2菌株的定殖可能通过激活水稻根系的抗氧化酶系统,增强过氧化氢酶活性,从而促进水稻活性氧的清除。
乙烯是一种重要的植物激素,其信号通路在水稻响应盐胁迫过程中起着关键调控作用[30]。为了进一步探究LW2菌株增强寄主水稻耐盐性的机制,转录组分析发现,与对照组相比,共培养组有781个基因表达显著上调,1 000个基因表达显著下调(图6A)。GO富集分析发现在富集的20个通路中,3个与乙烯相关的通路富集程度非常高,包括乙烯激活的信号通路、细胞对乙烯刺激的响应和对乙烯的响应(图6B)。
乙烯激活的信号通路共富集了30个差异基因,其中25个基因下调,5个基因上调。对乙烯途径响应的通路富集基因总数为38个,其中28个基因上调,10个基因下调。细胞对乙烯刺激的反应通路富集了30个基因,其中25个基因下调,5个基因上调(图7)。这些结果表明,LW2菌株在水稻根系定殖后影响了寄主乙烯相关通路的基因表达模式,其提升水稻耐盐性的机制与乙烯通路密切相关。
已有研究表明,EIL1通过调控HKTs基因的表达负向调控水稻的抗盐性[27,31-33]。本研究检测了水稻在与LW2共培养后EIL1HKTs的基因表达水平(图8)。结果如显示,盐胁迫会诱导EIL1基因的表达,而在盐胁迫下接种LW2菌株会使其表达量显著降低。HKT1;1的表达量也表现出与EIL1相同的变化趋势。HKT1;3HKT2;3的表达量虽然未因盐胁迫显著升高,但在盐胁迫下接种LW2菌株仍会引起表达量显著下降。HKT2;1则在有无盐胁迫情况下表达量均降低。上述结果表明,LW2菌株通过调控上水稻中EIL1HKTs基因的表达来提高水稻的抗盐能力。
土壤盐渍化是农业生产的重要制约因素之一。在盐胁迫下,几乎所有植物都会面临根系失水、光合作用效率降低和植物生长减缓的困境[34-35]。据报道,我国约有20%的灌溉地和2%的旱地受到土壤盐碱化的影响[36]。近年来,利用内生真菌提高植物耐盐性的研究日益受到重视[37]。大量研究表明,内生真菌可通过多种生理机制显著提高寄主植物对盐胁迫的耐受性[38]。长枝木霉(Trichoderma longibrachiatum) T6可通过调节宿主体内活性氧清除酶的活性和提高非酶抗氧化剂的含量,从而增强小麦的耐盐性[39]。Badawy等[40]从大麦中分离出一株赭曲霉(Aspergillus ochraceus),该菌株表现出明显的耐盐性,能在200 g/L的盐浓度下生长;用其菌悬液处理大麦种子可减轻海水对大麦的影响。
本研究发现了一种具有耐盐性特征的内生真菌,命名为O. leptosporum LW2。目前,关于Ophioceras真菌的研究相对有限,相关报道主要集中于该属真菌的形态学特征和系统发育学分析[41-43]。有报道称从Ophioceras venezuela的培养物中分离出了新的烷倍半萜类化合物Ophiocerins A-D[44]。然而,这些化合物是否在其与宿主的相互作用中发挥重要作用尚不清楚。尽管目前对Ophioceras功能和应用的研究尚属空白,但其巨大的开发潜力已初现端倪。
乙烯作为一种重要的植物激素,在植物响应盐胁迫过程中起着关键的调控作用[45]。乙烯关键组分EIN2是乙烯信号通路的核心蛋白。在盐胁迫下,EIN2突变体的苗期生长和种子发育过程均受到影响[46]。乙烯信号转录因子EIN3/EIL1可以激活乙烯和盐诱导转录因子ESE1进而调控下游耐盐基因的表达,最终增强植物的抗盐性[47]。接种枫香拟茎点霉(Phomopsis liquidambaris)可显著降低水稻体内1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ACC,乙烯合成的前体)含量和ACC氧化酶活性,从而增强水稻的耐盐性[48]。哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)通过增强过氧化物酶活性、维持Na+/K+离子稳态以及降低乙烯水平等增强了大豆对盐胁迫的耐受性[49]。OsEIL1作为乙烯信号通路的关键组分,已被证实对水稻耐盐性有负调控作用[27,50]。本研究发现,共培养菌株LW2后,水稻植株中OsEIL1基因的表达明显下调,同时伴随着离子转运相关的HKTs基因的表达下调。初步阐明了LW2菌株可能通过调控EIL1信号通路提高水稻的耐盐性。
LW2菌株能够显著促进盐胁迫条件下水稻的生长,并有效增强其耐盐能力。本研究初步揭示了LW2菌株增强水稻耐盐性的作用机理:一方面通过提高水稻过氧化氢酶活性,增强其抗氧化能力;另一方面通过调控乙烯信号通路增强水稻耐盐性(图9)。这些结果表明LW2菌株在提高作物耐盐性方面发挥重要作用,也揭示了其潜在的生物防治价值。本研究为开发新型微生物菌剂、改良盐渍化土壤提供了重要的菌种资源和理论依据。
作者声明不存在任何可能会影响本文所报告工作的已知经济利益或个人关系。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1902904)
  • 浙江省科技计划(2022C02029)
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2025年第65卷第6期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250112
  • 接收时间:2025-02-17
  • 首发时间:2026-02-07
  • 出版时间:2025-06-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-17
  • 录用日期:2025-03-21
基金
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1902904)
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1902904)
Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province(2022C02029)
浙江省科技计划(2022C02029)
作者信息
    1.浙江农林大学 现代农学院,浙江 杭州
    2.浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所,农产品质量安全全国重点实验室,浙江 杭州
    3.湘湖实验室,浙江 杭州

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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