Article(id=1226598469742280732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226598456190484999, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240559, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1725811200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1729180800000, acceptedDateStr=2024-10-18, onlineDate=1770373464283, onlineDateStr=2026-02-06, pubDate=1743696000000, pubDateStr=2025-04-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770373464283, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770373464283, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770373464283, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226598456190484999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='1823', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770373461053, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770542963395, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1227309400608653689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226598456190484999, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1227309400608653690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226598456190484999, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1558, endPage=1570, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226598470182682685, articleId=1226598469742280732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Cultivable bacteria from the rhizosphere of Indosasa acutiligulata: isolation, evaluation, and SynComs for promoting plant growth, columnId=1226598459067773767, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Microbial resources isolation, classification and evaluation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] The rhizosphere of plants hosts a diverse array of microorganisms that play a crucial role in plant growth and health. This study identified functional bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of an economic bamboo species Indosasa acutiligulata and assessed the effects of synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) on bamboo growth. The results are expected to provide implications for enhancing forest quality and utilizing beneficial microorganisms in bamboo cultivation. [Methods] Rhizosphere soil samples of In. acutiligulata were collected from the Jiuyi Mountain National Nature Reserve. Bacteria were isolated by the dilution culture method, and a phylogenetic tree was established by the maximum-likelihood algorithm based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Specific media and colorimetric assays were employed to study the functions of strains. The strains with plant growth-promoting effects and no antagonistic effects between each other were combined. The effects of SynComs on the growth of Phyllostachys edulis seedlings were examined by re-inoculation experiments. [Results] Seventy strains of rhizosphere bacteria were isolated, representing 35 genera belonging to 21 families of four phyla. The dominant phylum was Pseudomonadota and the predominant family was Burkholderiaceae. Functional analyses revealed that 30 strains produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), while 16 strains produced siderophores. Among those with dual functions, there were four strains capable of solubilizing inorganic phosphorus, four strains capable of mineralizing organic phosphorus, and three strains capable of solubilizing potassium. Strains TR5, TN6, and TN26 exhibited capabilities to produce IAA and siderophores, as well as solubilize inorganic phosphorus and mineralize organic phosphorus. They were identified as Burkholderia pyrrocinia, Burkholderia paludis, and Paraburkholderia kirstenboschensis, respectively, based on physiological and biochemical properties and 16S rRNA gene sequences alignments. Re-inoculation experiments demonstrated that the SynCom FH, comprising strains TR5, TN6, and TN26, significantly enhanced the root, leaf, and rhizoma growth of Ph. edulis seedlings. [Conclusion] The rhizosphere of In. acutiligulata harbors diverse functional microorganisms capable of producing IAA and siderophores, solubilizing phosphorus, and releasing potassium. The re-inoculation experiments confirmed that the SynCom FH promotes the growth of Ph. edulis seedlings.

, correspAuthors=Lie LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*Tel: +86-10-62888687, E-mail:
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【目的】植物根际富集有大量微生物,植物根系-根际微生物之间的相互作用显著影响了植物的生长和健康。摆竹(Indosasa acutiligulata)是重要的经济竹种。挖掘摆竹根际土壤功能细菌,明确合成群落对竹类植物生长的影响,旨在为竹类植物功能菌株资源的开发利用提供新的途径和思路,对精准提升森林质量、保障森林“四库”功能具有重要理论意义和实践价值。【方法】以湖南省九嶷山国家级自然保护区的摆竹根际土壤为研究对象,采用稀释培养法分离细菌,利用最大似然法基于16S rRNA基因序列构建系统发育树;依托功能筛选平板和特异性颜色变化进行功能评价,筛选出效果良好且相互不拮抗的菌株进行复合,最后通过回接试验检测合成群落对毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)幼苗生长的影响。【结果】共分离获得70株根际细菌,隶属于4门21科35属;假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)为优势门,伯克霍尔德氏菌科(Burkholderiaceae)为优势菌科。对这70株细菌进行功能评价发现,30株具有产吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)功能,16株具有产铁载体功能。在兼具2种功能的细菌中,可溶解无机磷和矿化有机磷的菌株各有4株,另有3株具有解钾功能。菌株TR5、TN6、TN26不仅兼具产IAA和产铁载体的能力,还具备无机磷溶解和有机磷矿化的能力。基于生理生化指标测定及16S rRNA基因序列比对,结果表明它们分别为吡咯素伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia pyrrocinia)、沼泽伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia paludis)和克斯腾伯斯副伯克霍尔德氏菌(Paraburkholderia kirstenboschensis)。通过回接试验发现,由菌株TR5、TN6、TN26复合形成的菌液FH能够显著促进毛竹幼苗根和叶片的伸长,以及毛竹幼苗竹鞭的生长。【结论】摆竹根际土壤中功能细菌资源丰富,本研究筛选获得了多株具有产IAA、产铁载体、溶磷和解钾功能的菌株,且回接试验表明,合成群落FH对毛竹幼苗生长具有显著的促进作用。

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作者贡献声明

杨芾:研究设计、数据收集和分析,撰写初稿;岳晋军:提供研究所需的关键资源和材料,并对研究结果进行验证;袁金玲:参与实验设计,进行了实验室工作,并协助数据分析;孙启武:文献综述,并对研究方法论提供了关键建议;刘蕾:研究构思与设计,参与数据解读,对论文的最终修订提供了重要反馈。

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The outermost circle represents the number of strains at the phylum level, and the inner circle represents the number of strains at the family level., figureFileSmall=nTLyNTyC8lcFlEFMVtF2PQ==, figureFileBig=C+zo0pOelIR27iAcAKCdzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303260160176738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598469742280732, language=CN, label=图1, caption=摆竹根际土壤可培养细菌系统发育树及产IAA、产铁载体功能评价。图中最外圈代表不同门水平菌株数量,内圈代表不同科水平数量。, figureFileSmall=nTLyNTyC8lcFlEFMVtF2PQ==, figureFileBig=C+zo0pOelIR27iAcAKCdzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303260319560305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598469742280732, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Antagonism test of strains TR5, TN6, and TN26 on the medium. A: Strains TR5 and TN26. B: Strains TN6 and TR5. C: Strains TN26 and TN6., figureFileSmall=QbDTedqwPzAxv0wqQz6XxA==, figureFileBig=2VkDflZyFsiKM0YUVa7SZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303260420223607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598469742280732, language=CN, label=图2, caption=菌株TR5TN6TN26的平板拮抗试验。A:菌株TR5和TN26;B:菌株TN6和菌株TR5;C:菌株TN26和菌株TN6。, figureFileSmall=QbDTedqwPzAxv0wqQz6XxA==, figureFileBig=2VkDflZyFsiKM0YUVa7SZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303260541858429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598469742280732, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Growth 60 days condition of Phyllostachys edulis seedlings after inoculation with SynComs FH. *: Significant difference (P<0.05); **: Highly significant difference (P<0.01)., figureFileSmall=EmmeKyE47LHXGQL2dACuVQ==, figureFileBig=t3IwAUwWVqpoWrosFOi58w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303260642521731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598469742280732, language=CN, label=图3, caption=接种合成群落FH 60 d后毛竹幼苗的生长情况。*:差异显著(P<0.05);**:差异极显著(P<0.01)。, figureFileSmall=EmmeKyE47LHXGQL2dACuVQ==, figureFileBig=t3IwAUwWVqpoWrosFOi58w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303262064390795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598469742280732, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=The rhizome 60 days growth condition of Phyllostachys edulis seedlings after inoculation with SynComs FH. The red arrows pointed to the rhizome of the Phyllostachys edulis seedlings., figureFileSmall=HmTN6ArnKb0UHziLXFZ6bw==, figureFileBig=M2ALdt5Qv8JNfcOZVqjrbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303262211191442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598469742280732, language=CN, label=图4, caption=接种合成群落FH 60 d后毛竹幼苗的发鞭情况。图中红色箭头所指为毛竹盆栽幼苗的竹鞭。, figureFileSmall=HmTN6ArnKb0UHziLXFZ6bw==, figureFileBig=M2ALdt5Qv8JNfcOZVqjrbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303262303466139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598469742280732, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Evaluation of phosphorus-solubilizing and potassium-dissolving abilities of cultivable bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of Indosasaacutiligulata

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

样品编号

Sample

相似菌株

Top-hit taxon

相似性

Similarity(%)

无机磷溶解能力

Inorganic phosphorus solubility

有机磷矿化能力

Organic phosphate solubility

解钾能力

Potassium-dissolving ability

TR4Dyella terrae99.15---
TR5Burkholderia pyrrocinia99.871.90±0.152.67±0.42-
TR8Paraburkholderia acidiphila98.85---
TR9Dyella amyloliquefaciens99.29---
TN5Paraburkholderia azotifigens98.94--+
TN6Burkholderia paludis99.781.25±0.222.33±0.17-
TN7Kitasatospora kifunensis99.78--+
TN22Microbacterium dextranolyticum99.61---
TN26Paraburkholderia kirstenboschensis98.941.70±0.293.23±0.24-
TN35Paenibacillus uliginis99.58-1.70±0.21+
2MLWNBacillus siamensis99.931.27±0.16--
2BKWNKocuria oceani99.68---
3BKWNJeotgalicoccus marinus99.93---
), ArticleFig(id=1227303262458655399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598469742280732, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

摆竹根际土壤可培养细菌溶磷和解钾能力评价

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

样品编号

Sample

相似菌株

Top-hit taxon

相似性

Similarity(%)

无机磷溶解能力

Inorganic phosphorus solubility

有机磷矿化能力

Organic phosphate solubility

解钾能力

Potassium-dissolving ability

TR4Dyella terrae99.15---
TR5Burkholderia pyrrocinia99.871.90±0.152.67±0.42-
TR8Paraburkholderia acidiphila98.85---
TR9Dyella amyloliquefaciens99.29---
TN5Paraburkholderia azotifigens98.94--+
TN6Burkholderia paludis99.781.25±0.222.33±0.17-
TN7Kitasatospora kifunensis99.78--+
TN22Microbacterium dextranolyticum99.61---
TN26Paraburkholderia kirstenboschensis98.941.70±0.293.23±0.24-
TN35Paenibacillus uliginis99.58-1.70±0.21+
2MLWNBacillus siamensis99.931.27±0.16--
2BKWNKocuria oceani99.68---
3BKWNJeotgalicoccus marinus99.93---
), ArticleFig(id=1227303262597067432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598469742280732, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Differences in phenotypic characteristics of strains TR5, TN6, and TN26

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CharacteristicTR5TN6TN26
Phenotype
Colony colorYellowYellow whiteYellow white
Colony morphologyRound, smoothRound, smoothRound, smooth
Cell length1.0-2.0 μm1.6-2.1 μm2.1-2.5 μm
Cell width0.6-0.9 μm0.6-0.8 μm0.6-0.8 μm
Gram staining---
Optimal temperature (℃)282828
Optimal NaCl (%)0.00.00.5
Optimal pH7.07.07.0
Enzymatic activity
Esculin hydrolysis-+-
Glucosylation-+-
Nitrate reduction+--
Assimilation
2-keto-gluconate+--
5-keto-gluconate+--
Amygdalin+--
Arabinose+-+
d-gentiobiose+--
d-lactose-+-
d-maltose-+-
Erythritol-+-
l-rhamnose--+
Mannitol+-+
Mannose+-+
N -acetylglucosamine+-+
Xylitol+--
), ArticleFig(id=1227303262785811119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598469742280732, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

菌株TR5TN6TN26的表型特征差异

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CharacteristicTR5TN6TN26
Phenotype
Colony colorYellowYellow whiteYellow white
Colony morphologyRound, smoothRound, smoothRound, smooth
Cell length1.0-2.0 μm1.6-2.1 μm2.1-2.5 μm
Cell width0.6-0.9 μm0.6-0.8 μm0.6-0.8 μm
Gram staining---
Optimal temperature (℃)282828
Optimal NaCl (%)0.00.00.5
Optimal pH7.07.07.0
Enzymatic activity
Esculin hydrolysis-+-
Glucosylation-+-
Nitrate reduction+--
Assimilation
2-keto-gluconate+--
5-keto-gluconate+--
Amygdalin+--
Arabinose+-+
d-gentiobiose+--
d-lactose-+-
d-maltose-+-
Erythritol-+-
l-rhamnose--+
Mannitol+-+
Mannose+-+
N -acetylglucosamine+-+
Xylitol+--
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摆竹根际可培养细菌的分离评价及合成群落促生
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杨芾 1 , 岳晋军 2 , 袁金玲 2 , 孙启武 1 , 刘蕾 1, *
微生物学报 | 微生物资源分离鉴定与评价 2025,65(4): 1558-1570
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微生物学报 | 微生物资源分离鉴定与评价 2025, 65(4): 1558-1570
摆竹根际可培养细菌的分离评价及合成群落促生
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杨芾1, 岳晋军2, 袁金玲2, 孙启武1, 刘蕾1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,国家林业和草原局林木培育 重点实验室,北京
  • 2.中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江 杭州
Cultivable bacteria from the rhizosphere of Indosasa acutiligulata: isolation, evaluation, and SynComs for promoting plant growth
Fu YANG1, Jinjun YUE2, Jinling YUAN2, Qiwu SUN1, Lie LIU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
  • 2.Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
出版时间: 2025-04-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240559
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【目的】植物根际富集有大量微生物,植物根系-根际微生物之间的相互作用显著影响了植物的生长和健康。摆竹(Indosasa acutiligulata)是重要的经济竹种。挖掘摆竹根际土壤功能细菌,明确合成群落对竹类植物生长的影响,旨在为竹类植物功能菌株资源的开发利用提供新的途径和思路,对精准提升森林质量、保障森林“四库”功能具有重要理论意义和实践价值。【方法】以湖南省九嶷山国家级自然保护区的摆竹根际土壤为研究对象,采用稀释培养法分离细菌,利用最大似然法基于16S rRNA基因序列构建系统发育树;依托功能筛选平板和特异性颜色变化进行功能评价,筛选出效果良好且相互不拮抗的菌株进行复合,最后通过回接试验检测合成群落对毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)幼苗生长的影响。【结果】共分离获得70株根际细菌,隶属于4门21科35属;假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)为优势门,伯克霍尔德氏菌科(Burkholderiaceae)为优势菌科。对这70株细菌进行功能评价发现,30株具有产吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)功能,16株具有产铁载体功能。在兼具2种功能的细菌中,可溶解无机磷和矿化有机磷的菌株各有4株,另有3株具有解钾功能。菌株TR5、TN6、TN26不仅兼具产IAA和产铁载体的能力,还具备无机磷溶解和有机磷矿化的能力。基于生理生化指标测定及16S rRNA基因序列比对,结果表明它们分别为吡咯素伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia pyrrocinia)、沼泽伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia paludis)和克斯腾伯斯副伯克霍尔德氏菌(Paraburkholderia kirstenboschensis)。通过回接试验发现,由菌株TR5、TN6、TN26复合形成的菌液FH能够显著促进毛竹幼苗根和叶片的伸长,以及毛竹幼苗竹鞭的生长。【结论】摆竹根际土壤中功能细菌资源丰富,本研究筛选获得了多株具有产IAA、产铁载体、溶磷和解钾功能的菌株,且回接试验表明,合成群落FH对毛竹幼苗生长具有显著的促进作用。

摆竹  /  合成群落  /  分离培养  /  伯克霍尔德氏菌科  /  功能评价

[Objective] The rhizosphere of plants hosts a diverse array of microorganisms that play a crucial role in plant growth and health. This study identified functional bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of an economic bamboo species Indosasa acutiligulata and assessed the effects of synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) on bamboo growth. The results are expected to provide implications for enhancing forest quality and utilizing beneficial microorganisms in bamboo cultivation. [Methods] Rhizosphere soil samples of In. acutiligulata were collected from the Jiuyi Mountain National Nature Reserve. Bacteria were isolated by the dilution culture method, and a phylogenetic tree was established by the maximum-likelihood algorithm based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Specific media and colorimetric assays were employed to study the functions of strains. The strains with plant growth-promoting effects and no antagonistic effects between each other were combined. The effects of SynComs on the growth of Phyllostachys edulis seedlings were examined by re-inoculation experiments. [Results] Seventy strains of rhizosphere bacteria were isolated, representing 35 genera belonging to 21 families of four phyla. The dominant phylum was Pseudomonadota and the predominant family was Burkholderiaceae. Functional analyses revealed that 30 strains produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), while 16 strains produced siderophores. Among those with dual functions, there were four strains capable of solubilizing inorganic phosphorus, four strains capable of mineralizing organic phosphorus, and three strains capable of solubilizing potassium. Strains TR5, TN6, and TN26 exhibited capabilities to produce IAA and siderophores, as well as solubilize inorganic phosphorus and mineralize organic phosphorus. They were identified as Burkholderia pyrrocinia, Burkholderia paludis, and Paraburkholderia kirstenboschensis, respectively, based on physiological and biochemical properties and 16S rRNA gene sequences alignments. Re-inoculation experiments demonstrated that the SynCom FH, comprising strains TR5, TN6, and TN26, significantly enhanced the root, leaf, and rhizoma growth of Ph. edulis seedlings. [Conclusion] The rhizosphere of In. acutiligulata harbors diverse functional microorganisms capable of producing IAA and siderophores, solubilizing phosphorus, and releasing potassium. The re-inoculation experiments confirmed that the SynCom FH promotes the growth of Ph. edulis seedlings.

Indosasa acutiligulata  /  synthetic microbial communities (SynComs)  /  isolation and culture  /  Burkholderiaceae  /  functional assessment
杨芾, 岳晋军, 袁金玲, 孙启武, 刘蕾. 摆竹根际可培养细菌的分离评价及合成群落促生. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (4) : 1558 -1570 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240559
Fu YANG, Jinjun YUE, Jinling YUAN, Qiwu SUN, Lie LIU. Cultivable bacteria from the rhizosphere of Indosasa acutiligulata: isolation, evaluation, and SynComs for promoting plant growth[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (4) : 1558 -1570 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240559
摆竹(Indosasa acutiligulata),隶属于禾本科(Gramineae)大节竹属(Indosasa)。摆竹整竿适宜作为木材应用,且竹笋鲜美可食,是湖南南部和广西北部等地的主要经济竹种[1]。摆竹盘根错节的地下茎具有出色的地表截流、涵养水源、防止水土流失的功能。我国湖南省永州市宁远县九嶷山国家级自然保护区核心区内保护的九嶷山“斑竹”,经鉴定实为摆竹,这些“长斑”的竹秆疑似由真菌感染所致;由于斑点美观,常被用来制作乐器、家具等,极具收藏、观赏、经济和科研价值[1]
在植物的整个生长周期中,土壤、植物和微生物之间存在着紧密的联系[2]。植物根际富集了大量各式各样的微生物,这些微生物统称为根际微生物组。根际微生物组是植物功能发挥不可或缺的重要组成部分,其中包含能显著促进植物生长发育、提高对矿物质营养的吸收利用能力,并增强植物环境适应性的功能细菌[3]。这些功能细菌种类繁多,功能多样,例如分泌植物生长激素、溶磷、固氮、拮抗病原菌等[4-5]。充分挖掘并利用这些功能细菌资源,探索功能细菌与植物的互作关系,对于竹林土壤健康管理,实现竹林高效、绿色、可持续经营具有重要意义。
合成群落(synthetic microbial communities, SynComs)是近年来兴起的研究方向,主要基于合成生物学和微生物生态学理论,人为地将2种或多种具有不同分类和遗传特征或功能特性的微生物进行组合[6]。研究结果表明,相较于单一菌株,合成群落具有保留群落优势、功能更丰富促生效果更高效稳定的特点[7],在提升植物健康方面展现出巨大潜力[8]
目前,众多研究学者已对竹类植物的根际微生物组开展了大量研究,解析了毛竹、撑篙竹(Bambusa pervariabilis)以及桂竹(Phyllostachys bambusoides)等竹种根际细菌群落结构和功能[9-11],同时从竹类植物根际土壤中挖掘出了一批具有潜在产吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)、铁载体、溶磷、固氮以及解钾等功能的菌株,并通过回接试验明确了这些功能细菌不仅能够促进毛竹幼苗根和叶片的生长,同时对毛竹细胞的代谢活性有增强作用[12-13]。然而,对于摆竹这一重要竹种来说,其根际微生物的相关研究尚未见报道;并且,目前对于挖掘获得的竹类植物功能细菌的研究也仅限于单一菌株,关于合成群落对竹类植物生长影响的研究相对较少。
鉴于此,本研究以湖南省永州市宁远县九嶷山国家级自然保护区摆竹根际土壤为研究对象,采用培养组学的方法进行菌株的分离和鉴定,并筛选具有潜在植物促生功能的菌株;进一步基于功能评价结果以及功能互补原则构建合成群落,通过回接试验考察合成群落对竹类植物生长的影响,旨在为竹类植物功能菌株资源的开发利用提供新的途径和思路,同时也对精准提升森林质量、保障森林“四库”功能提供理论意义和实践价值。
细菌分离试验所用土壤样品为摆竹(In. acutiligulata)根际土壤,采集自我国湖南省永州市宁远县九嶷山国家级自然保护区(海拔1 210 m,25°23′49″N,111°58′48″E)。供试验的幼苗为毛竹(Ph. edulis)实生苗,种子采集自广西壮族自治区桂林市灵川县(110°07′-110°47′E, 25°04′-25°48′N),由广西林业科学研究院提供。
螯合树脂Chelex-100、三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)、乙二胺四乙酸(ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, EDTA)、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(TritonX-100)、75%乙醇、次氯酸钠、丙三醇、Salkowski比色液和铬天青S定性定量所需试剂均为国产分析纯;Taq PCR Master Mix购自BoMED公司;细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒(离心柱型)购自Tiangen公司;细菌革兰氏染色试剂盒购自Solarbio公司;API ZYM、API 20NE和API 50CH试纸盒购自BioMérieux公司。
R2A培养基、NA培养基、无机磷筛选培养基、有机磷筛选培养基均购自Hopebio公司。铬天青S定性培养基按照荣良燕等[14]的方法配制,解钾培养基按照Rajawat等[15]的方法配制。
取1.0 g五点混样法获得的根际土壤,通过超声波分散土壤团聚体,悬浮于9 mL无菌水中制成土壤匀浆。将样品匀浆用无菌水进行10倍梯度稀释至10-3、10-4、10-5、10-6。吸取200 μL稀释液均匀涂布于NA和R2A培养基上,封口膜封好后,于28 ℃避光倒置培养3-5 d。根据菌落形态特征挑取平板上的不同单菌落,在相应培养基上进行2-3次划线纯化培养。挑取纯化的菌体于含有20%甘油的液体培养基冻存管中,-80 ℃冰箱保藏,每隔半年活化转存1次。
参照试剂盒说明书提取细菌DNA,并通过NanoDrop (ThermoFisher Scientific公司)和琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA的质量和浓度,检测合格的DNA作为模板进行16S rRNA基因序列的PCR扩增。细菌16S rRNA基因序列扩增采用通用引物27F和1492R[16],反应体系参考文献[12]。PCR产物经检测后送至宝锐通生物科技(北京)有限公司进行测序。将16S rRNA基因序列通过EzBioCloud (https://www.ezbiocloud.net/)在线比对。利用MEGA X[17]软件对菌株分类地位进行分析;首先将菌株的16S rRNA基因序列通过MUSCLE[18]对齐,随后采用最大似然法(maximum likelihood method, ML)构建系统发育树,自举值为1 000。
菌株的功能评价参照前期研究方法进行[12]:通过Salkowski反应[19]检测菌株产IAA的能力;利用铬天青S培养基对菌株产铁载体的能力进行定性检测,并通过混合铬天青S检测液后绘制标准曲线的方法进行定量测定[20];通过观察平板培养基上的特异性晕圈/显色,计算晕圈直径与菌落直径的比值,评价菌株溶磷和解钾的能力[15,21]
对筛选获得的多功能且具有应用潜力的菌株进行菌落和菌株形态学观察。参考文献[22]对细菌进行运动性、过氧化氢酶、氧化酶活性检测试验。依据生产商提供的说明书进行革兰氏染色、API ZYM、API 20NE和API 50CH试纸条的检测。
将供试菌株挑入相应液体培养基中制备成OD600为1.0的悬浊液;分次吸取5 μL菌液,点接于固体培养基上,使待测菌株对应形成“V”字形两边;通过观察菌落形态,明确菌株间是否存在拮抗作用。
挑取TR5、TN6、TN26单菌落于相应液体培养基中,置于摇床30 ℃、150 r/min培养2-3 d;4 ℃、8 000 r/min离心10 min收集菌体,使用无菌水对收集的菌体重悬,并调整OD600为0.5;将使用无菌水重悬后的3株菌菌液等比例混合构建合成群落FH。挑选长势相近的毛竹幼苗60盆,对接种前的毛竹幼苗进行株高和叶长的测定。处理组(FH)将配制好的菌液均匀地浇灌到幼苗根系附近,每盆浇灌约50 mL;对照组(CK)浇灌无菌水50 mL,每组30盆处理。每隔3 d补充1次水分,置于中国林业科学研究院温室培养[培养条件:30 ℃ (光)/25 ℃ (暗),湿度为65%]。处理60 d时,随机选取每个处理15株幼苗测量株高和叶长,并观察毛竹幼苗的竹鞭生长情况,以此考察合成群落FH的促生功能。
使用R Studio和GraphPad Prism 8进行数据处理和图表绘制[23],IBM SPSS Statistics 26[24]进行方差分析和相关性分析。
本研究从摆竹根际土壤中共分离得到70株细菌。基于16S rRNA基因序列构建的系统发育树,菌株间的系统发育关系如图1所示。结果显示,所分离得到的70株细菌隶属于4门21科35属。其中,假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)菌株数量最多,为35株;其次为芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota),有18株;再次为放线菌门(Actinomycetota)有14株;拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)最少,仅有3株。在科水平上,伯克霍尔德氏菌科(Burkholderiaceae)中的副伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Paraburkholderia)与伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia)、卡瓦列罗菌属(Caballeronia)亲缘关系较近,且分离数量最多,共15株,占比21.43%;其次为芽孢杆菌科(Bacillaceae)和类芽孢杆菌科(Paenibacillaceae),占比分别为10.00%和8.57%。在属水平上,优势属为副伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Paraburkholderia),共分离出10株,占比14.29%;其次为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus),占比分别为8.57%和7.14% (图1)。
对所分离出的70株摆竹根际土壤可培养细菌进行产IAA和产铁载体功能的初步筛选,结果如图1所示。本研究共筛选出37株功能细菌,其中30株具有产IAA的能力。咸海鲜球菌(Jeotgalicoccus sp.) 3BKWN的产IAA能力最强,达到(509.46±5.56) mg/L,其次为微杆菌(Micirobacterium sp.) TN22和考克氏菌(Kocuria sp.) 2BKWN,产IAA的量分别为(352.00±1.56) mg/L和(200.78±6.21) mg/L。16株细菌具有产铁载体的能力,其中副伯克霍尔德氏菌(Paraburkholderia sp.) TN5的产铁载体能力最强,能力值为0.23±0.05;其次是伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia sp.) TN6和类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus sp.) TN35,产铁载体的能力值分别为0.32±0.02和0.34±0.01。值得注意的是,有10株细菌同时具备这2种功能,它们分别是伯克霍尔德氏菌科的TR5、TR8、TN5、TN6和TN26,芽孢杆菌科的2MLWN和3BKWN,罗河杆菌科(Rhodanobacteraceae)的TR4和TR9,以及链霉菌科(Streptomycetaceae) 的TN7。
进一步对产IAA、铁载体能力较强以及兼具2种功能的菌株进行功能挖掘,利用平板检测法对菌株的溶磷和解钾功能进行定性检测,结果如表1所示。伯克霍尔德氏菌科的TR5、TN6、TN26同时具有无机磷溶解和有机磷矿化的能力;菌株Paenibacillus sp. TN35兼具有机磷矿化和解钾能力;菌株Paraburkholderia sp. TN5和Kitasatospora sp. TN7仅具有解钾的能力;菌株Bacillus sp. 2MLWN仅具有溶解无机磷的能力。
功能评价结果表明,菌株TR5、TN6和TN26不仅具备产IAA和铁载体的能力,同时还具有无机磷溶解和有机磷矿化的功能。通过16S rRNA基因序列比对发现,这3株功能细菌均隶属于伯克霍尔德氏菌科。因此,本研究对3株细菌进行了表型及生理生化特征的鉴定,为进一步构建合成群落以及回接植物材料考察其促生功能提供数据支持。
菌株TR5、TN6和TN26的菌落形态描述、生长最适温度、pH和NaCl浓度等信息见表2。经染色后,显微镜下观察到TR5、TN6和TN26菌体均呈红色,表明3株菌均为革兰氏阴性菌。在半固体培养基上,3个菌株均呈现云雾状生长,表明它们具有运动性。与3% H2O2接触时产生气泡,且与1%盐酸二甲基对苯二胺接触后变红,表明它们的氧化酶和过氧化氢酶反应呈阳性。试纸条检测结果表明,菌株TR5能够还原硝酸盐,菌株TN6能够发酵葡萄糖和水解七叶灵,但菌株TN26在这2项检测中均为阴性。此外菌株TR5、TN6和TN26的底物同化差异结果见表2
研究结果表明,菌株TR5、TN6和TN26分别与模式菌株吡咯素伯克霍尔德氏菌(B. pyrrocinia) LMG 14191T、沼泽伯克霍尔德氏菌(B. paludis) MSh1T和克斯腾伯斯副伯克霍尔德氏菌(P. kirstenboschensis) Kb15T的生理生化结果相一致[25-27]。结合生物学特征、生理生化指标和16S rRNA基因序列比对结果,可以确定菌株TR5、TN6和TN26分别为吡咯素伯克霍尔德氏菌、沼泽伯克霍尔德氏菌和克斯腾伯斯副伯克霍尔德氏菌。
菌株TR5、TN6、TN26的平板拮抗试验结果如图2所示。结果显示,随着点接距离的增大,同一菌株的菌落形态保持一致,并未受到不同菌株间距离变化的影响。因此,可以判断这3株细菌之间不存在拮抗作用,适合组合成群落进行后续研究。
将菌株TR5、TN6、TN26的菌悬液按等比例混合后,构建了合成群落FH,并通过回接试验考察了合成群落FH对毛竹幼苗生长的影响。总体来看,接种合成群落60 d后的毛竹幼苗株高更高,根系更发达。通过测量发现,接种合成群落的毛竹幼苗叶片长度为(11.70±0.98) cm,与接种前相比增长了65.96%;株高为(47.90±5.02) cm,增长了119.70%,而对照组CK仅增长了19.35%和14.47%。统计结果表明,FH处理组的毛竹幼苗株高和叶片长度均显著高于对照组CK (P<0.05),且株高增长量呈极显著差异(P<0.01) (图3)。上述研究结果表明,合成群落FH对毛竹幼苗的生长具有显著的促进作用。
进一步观察发现,施加合成群落FH的处理组中,30盆幼苗中有12盆出现了竹鞭(图4),占总数的40%,竹鞭的平均长度为(11.89±4.10) cm;而CK对照组的30盆幼苗中,并未发现竹鞭。据此推测合成群落FH的处理能够促进毛竹发鞭。竹鞭在竹类植物的生长和繁殖过程中扮演着重要的角色,具有吸收、输导和分生繁衍地下鞭根与地上竹竿的多重功能[28]。本研究中,合成群落可能可促进毛竹竹鞭的生长,进而可能提升毛竹养分和水分的运输效率,但其促进发鞭的具体机制有待于深入研究。
据国家林业局统计,我国竹产业产值已接近3 200亿元,并且计划到2025年使竹产业产值超过7 000亿元。特别是2023年提出的“以竹代塑”倡议,为竹产业发展新局面提供了方向和路径。因此,推动竹资源“量”和“质”的提升,实现竹产业提质增效,已成为当前竹产业发展的核心目标。2021年,申建波等[3]提出了“根际生命共同体理论”,认为根际是植物-微生物、微生物-微生物互作最活跃的热点区域,能够成倍提升植物对土壤养分的活化与利用效率。因此,以根际互作为支点,充分挖掘功能微生物资源,对于提升植物-土壤系统养分利用效率、实现竹产业高质量发展具有重要意义。
近年来,许多专家学者对毛竹[12,29-30]、雷竹[31]、冷箭竹[32]、孝顺竹[33]、窄叶苦竹[33]、小蓬竹[34]等多种竹类植物的根际土壤可培养细菌进行了研究。研究结果发现,竹类植物的根际土壤可培养细菌中,芽孢杆菌门、假单胞菌门、放线菌门等为优势菌门,芽孢杆菌科占绝对优势[12,29-34]。本研究以我国南部主要经济竹种摆竹为研究对象,从其根际土壤中共分离获得70株细菌,主要归属于假单胞菌门、芽孢杆菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门;从科水平来看,摆竹根际土壤中的优势科为伯克霍尔德氏菌科,其次为芽孢杆菌科和类芽孢杆菌科。这与其他竹类植物根际可培养细菌种群的分析结果基本一致,表明上述类群广泛存在于竹类植物中。
在获得可培养细菌的基础上,本研究进一步挖掘了具有产IAA、铁载体、无机磷溶解、有机磷矿化和解钾功能的菌株。共筛选获得37株功能细菌,分属于芽孢杆菌科、伯克霍尔德氏菌科、罗河杆菌科和微球菌科等。目前对于这些菌科功能评价和促生机制的研究已较为深入,尤其是具有极大潜力的芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)。芽孢杆菌被验证具有多种功能,作为自然界中已发现的最具耐受性的菌株之一,常被用于制作菌剂或菌肥,广泛应用于生物防治、植物生长促进和土壤改良等领域[35-36]。前期研究结果发现,芽孢杆菌对多种竹类植物具有有益作用。王思凡等[13]研究表明,解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliquefaciens) JL-B06能够显著提高毛竹幼苗的鲜重;李凤等[37]将解淀粉芽孢杆菌B01-2与枯草芽孢杆菌(B. subtilis) B23-1复配,发现其对杂交竹枯萎病有防治作用,同时诱导激发杂交竹过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)等防御酶的活性。本研究共筛选获得了3株具有潜在植物促生功能的芽孢杆菌菌株,可为后续摆竹高效复合微生物菌剂的开发和利用提供菌株资源。
值得注意的是,本研究还筛选获得了10株具有潜在植物促生功能的伯克霍尔德氏菌科细菌。前期研究结果表明,伯克霍尔德氏菌科(Burkholderiaceae)中的一些类群也具有植物促生功能,并且这些类群的促生功能能够适应多种生境,应用范围广泛,是化学肥料的优质替代品[38]。王琪等[39]Burkholderia sp. GD17接种于黄瓜幼苗,通过对黄瓜生理生化指标及相关基因表达的分析,揭示了其促进幼苗生长和缓解干旱胁迫的机制。本研究中复合使用的吡咯伯克霍尔德氏菌,其菌株JK-SH007被闵莉静等[40]研究证实能够促进黄瓜幼苗的生长并改善番茄挂果;克斯腾伯斯副伯克霍尔德氏菌株R2A SHY-3能够促进水稻根系砷的转化[41]。值得一提的是,本研究首次报道了沼泽伯克霍尔德氏菌具有潜在植物促生功能。
微生物组在促进动植物生长等方面发挥着重要作用。近年来,合成群落概念的引入使微生物组的研究更加简单、高效,促进了理论向实际应用的转化,已成为未来研究及应用的新趋势[42]。袁宗胜[43]解析了施加复合微生物菌剂后毛竹土壤细菌群落结构的变化,发现复合菌剂能够调节土壤矿质元素、改善土壤pH;刘耀辉等[44]向毛竹根际接种溶磷菌复合菌液,显著增加了毛竹的苗高、地径及根系活力等,同时显著提高了土壤有效磷的含量。本研究将功能评价良好的3株伯克霍尔德氏菌进行了复合,回接试验结果发现合成群落FH对毛竹幼苗生长具有促进作用,同时有助于毛竹竹鞭的生长。
在进行促生效果评价的过程中,本研究仅采用了叶长和株高2个指标。在后续研究中,将利用更多形态和生理生化指标进行综合评估。同时,本研究仅挖掘了具有产IAA、产铁载体、溶磷和解钾功能的菌株,而对于本次未验证出功能的菌株,其存在的生态意义同样值得深入探讨。另外,竹鞭是竹类植物生长与繁殖的重要器官,对于合成群落FH促进发鞭的分子机制还有待于深入研究。考虑到摆竹无实生苗,本研究利用毛竹实生苗进行回接试验。在后续研究中,将以摆竹鞭生苗为研究对象,通过回接试验系统评价合成群落对摆竹生长的影响,并深入解析其机制;同时,通过扩增子测序、宏基因组学分析以及人工智能学习等方法,构建更丰富稳定、科学高效的跨界微生物合成群落。
  • 中国林业科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFBB2022XE001)
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2025年第65卷第4期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240559
  • 接收时间:2024-09-09
  • 首发时间:2026-02-06
  • 出版时间:2025-04-04
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-09
  • 录用日期:2024-10-18
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Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Non-profit Research Institution of Chinese Academy of Forestry(CAFBB2022XE001)
中国林业科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFBB2022XE001)
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    1.中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,国家林业和草原局林木培育 重点实验室,北京
    2.中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江 杭州

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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