Article(id=1226598466806263901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226598456190484999, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250061, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1737388800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1741795200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-03-13, onlineDate=1770373463582, onlineDateStr=2026-02-06, pubDate=1743696000000, pubDateStr=2025-04-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770373463582, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770373463582, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770373463582, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226598456190484999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='1823', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770373461053, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770542963395, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1227309400608653689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226598456190484999, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1227309400608653690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226598456190484999, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1417, endPage=1432, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226598467229888628, articleId=1226598466806263901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Soil salt characteristics and microbial community structures in different regions at the same latitude of Hebei Province, columnId=1226598461764715155, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Microbial resources diversity, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To investigate the structural characteristics of microbial communities in the soil samples with varying salt types and their associations with salt ions, thus laying a theoretical foundation for the amelioration of saline-alkali soil. [Methods] Soil samples were collected from three regions: Shijiazhuang (LC), Hengshui (SZ), and Cangzhou (HX) at 38°N. The total soluble salt content (TSS), salt ions, enzyme activities, and microbial community structures were measured. Mantel analysis was performed to examine the correlations between soil salt characteristics and microbial community structures. [Results] In the LC, SZ, and HX regions, the levels of soil electric conductivity, TSS, Na+, Cl-, SO42-, and NO3- showed a significant increasing trend, while the activities of four soil enzymes (invertase, alkaline phosphate, urease, and catalase) exhibited significant decreases, indicating that nutrient cycling was inhibited in saline-alkali soil. The β diversity of bacteria and fungi exhibited significant differences among the soil samples of three salt types. The α diversity of both bacteria and fungi in SZ showed significant differences from that in LC. In HX, the abundance of halophilic phyla such as Gemmatimonadota and Myxococcota, as well as the taxa with the function of ureolysis, significantly increased, while that of nitrogen-fixing taxa decreased. Mantel analysis indicated that salt ions such as Na+ and Cl- had significantly negative correlations with microbial community composition but positive correlations with halophilic bacteria, such as Gemmatimonadota. [Conclusion] Microbial communities in the soil samples with different salt types exhibited significant differences. Salt ions drove structural changes of microbial communities in soil by inhibiting non-halophilic microorganisms and selectively enriching halophilic species. The alterations in microbial communities and the reduction in soil enzyme activities are key factors contributing to the impairment of nutrient cycling and supply in saline-alkali soil. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the regulation of key microbial populations in the amelioration of saline-alkali soil.

, correspAuthors=Yali HUANG, Xiaobo CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: HUANG Yali, ;
CHEN Xiaobo,
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【目的】探究不同盐分类型土壤微生物群落结构特征及其与盐分离子的关联性,为盐碱土壤改良提供理论依据。【方法】沿北纬38°采集石家庄(LC)、衡水(SZ)和沧州(HX) 3个地区的土壤样品,测定样品中水溶性总盐含量(total content of water-soluble salt, TSS)、盐分离子、酶活性及微生物群落结构,并采用Mantel分析法研究土壤盐分特征与微生物群落结构的相关性。【结果】在LC、SZ和HX 3个样地中,土壤电导率(electrical conductance, EC)、TSS、Na+、Cl-、SO42-和NO3-含量均呈显著增加趋势,而土壤蔗糖酶(invertase, SC)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP)、脲酶(urease, UE)和过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT) 4种酶的活性则显著降低,表明盐碱土壤中养分循环受到抑制。3个盐分类型的土壤细菌和真菌群落β多样性差异显著,其中SZ的细菌和真菌α多样性与LC存在显著差异。HX土壤中嗜盐的芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)、粘菌门(Myxococcota)及具有尿素分解(ureolysis)功能的菌群丰度显著升高,而氮固定(nitrogen fixation)菌群丰度降低。Mantel分析表明,Na⁺、Cl⁻等盐分离子与微生物群落组成呈显著负相关,但与耐盐菌(如Gemmatimonadota)呈正相关。【结论】不同盐分类型土壤微生物群落存在显著差异,土壤中盐分离子通过抑制非耐盐菌和选择性富集耐盐菌驱动群落结构变化。微生物群落的改变和土壤酶活性的降低是盐碱土壤养分循环和供应障碍的关键因素,该研究为盐碱土壤改良中关键菌群的调控提供了理论依据。

, correspAuthors=黄亚丽, 陈晓波, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=CbWGvU72eKqEbb26v0NNFQ==, magXml=3ydJPP/iiPVyn/ls701ufw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=VaaxhjzemYJC+Qieez0G6g==, pdfFileSize=5996403, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=qb6W0ha4kgh8DRV69gmNXw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=LKJwdqMUvN9aVF20U2b4Jw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

作者贡献声明

侯瑞楠:论文撰写;崔钰爽:数据收集和处理;王雨:论文修改;黄亚丽:项目监管、论文修改;陈晓波:实验设计。

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Field Crops Research, 2022, 288: 108697., articleTitle=Linking microbial community compositions to cotton nitrogen utilization along soil salinity gradients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227303273632280655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=1253415, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=56, authorNames=XU DL, YU XW, CHEN J, LI XF, CHEN J, LI JH, journalName=Frontiers in Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU DL, YU XW, CHEN J, LI XF, CHEN J, LI JH. Effects of compost as a soil amendment on bacterial community diversity in saline-alkali soil[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2023, 14: 1253415., articleTitle=Effects of compost as a soil amendment on bacterial community diversity in saline-alkali soil, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227303273720361043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=58, issue=17, pageStart=7480, pageEnd=7492, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=57, authorNames=DONG S, YAN PF, MEZZARI MP, ABRIOLA LM, PENNELL KD, CÁPIRO NL, journalName=Environmental Science & Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DONG S, YAN PF, MEZZARI MP, ABRIOLA LM, PENNELL KD, CÁPIRO NL. Using network analysis and predictive functional analysis to explore the fluorotelomer biotransformation potential of soil microbial communities[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2024, 58(17): 7480-7492., articleTitle=Using network analysis and predictive functional analysis to explore the fluorotelomer biotransformation potential of soil microbial communities, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227303273825218646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=27, issue=12, pageStart=111267, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=58, authorNames=XU DL, WANG QK, GAO M, LI YT, WANG YJ, JIANG YX, GUO XH, WU N, journalName=iScience, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU DL, WANG QK, GAO M, LI YT, WANG YJ, JIANG YX, GUO XH, WU N. Diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in Suaeda salsa rhizosphere during reproduction in the Yellow River delta[J]. iScience, 2024, 27(12): 111267., articleTitle=Diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in Suaeda salsa rhizosphere during reproduction in the Yellow River delta, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227303273930076249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=201, issue=null, pageStart=105512, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=59, authorNames=LI SP, WANG C, HUANG HY, ZHAO L, CAO J, WANG BL, DING HJ, journalName=Applied Soil Ecology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI SP, WANG C, HUANG HY, ZHAO L, CAO J, WANG BL, DING HJ. Vermicompost and Azotobacter chroococcum increase nitrogen retention in saline-alkali soil and nitrogen utilization of maize[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2024, 201: 105512., articleTitle=Vermicompost and Azotobacter chroococcum increase nitrogen retention in saline-alkali soil and nitrogen utilization of maize, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227303274034933854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=1091117, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=60, authorNames=LI B, LIU XQ, ZHU D, SU H, GUO KW, SUN GY, LI X, SUN L, journalName=Frontiers in Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI B, LIU XQ, ZHU D, SU H, GUO KW, SUN GY, LI X, SUN L. Crop diversity promotes the recovery of fungal communities in saline-alkali areas of the Western Songnen Plain[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2023, 14: 1091117., articleTitle=Crop diversity promotes the recovery of fungal communities in saline-alkali areas of the Western Songnen Plain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227303274123014242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=15, issue=8, pageStart=2474, pageEnd=2489, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=61, authorNames=QIU LP, ZHANG Q, ZHU HS, REICH PB, BANERJEE S, VAN DER HEIJDEN MGA, SADOWSKY MJ, ISHII S, JIA XX, SHAO MA, LIU BY, JIAO H, LI HQ, WEI XR, journalName=The ISME Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIU LP, ZHANG Q, ZHU HS, REICH PB, BANERJEE S, VAN DER HEIJDEN MGA, SADOWSKY MJ, ISHII S, JIA XX, SHAO MA, LIU BY, JIAO H, LI HQ, WEI XR. Erosion reduces soil microbial diversity, network complexity and multifunctionality[J]. The ISME Journal, 2021, 15(8): 2474-2489., articleTitle=Erosion reduces soil microbial diversity, network complexity and multifunctionality, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227303274236260454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=4, pageStart=1, pageEnd=21, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=62, authorNames=NURRAHMA AHI, HARSONOWATI W, PUTRI HH, IQBAL R, journalName=Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NURRAHMA AHI, HARSONOWATI W, PUTRI HH, IQBAL R. Current research trends in endophytic fungi modulating plant adaptation to climate change-associated soil salinity stress[J]. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2024, 24(4): 1-21., articleTitle=Current research trends in endophytic fungi modulating plant adaptation to climate change-associated soil salinity stress, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1227303263884718823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, awardId=2023YFD1902602-5, language=EN, fundingSource=National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1902602-5), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1227303264035713776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, awardId=2023YFD1902602-5, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1902602-5), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1227303264157348595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, awardId=241490427A, language=EN, fundingSource=Shijiazhuang Project of Industry and School and Research Cooperation for University Resident(241490427A), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1227303264295760630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, awardId=241490427A, language=CN, fundingSource=石家庄市驻冀高校产学研合作项目(241490427A), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1227303264425784064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, awardId=224304002Z, language=EN, fundingSource=Cangzhou Major Science and Technology Project(224304002Z), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1227303264534835974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, awardId=224304002Z, language=CN, fundingSource=沧州市重大科技专项项目(224304002Z), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1227303254091018480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227303254103601394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, companyId=1227303254091018480, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227303254111990002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, companyId=1227303254091018480, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河北科技大学 食品与生物学院,河北 石家庄)]), AuthorCompany(id=1227303254208459003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227303254216847612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, companyId=1227303254208459003, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227303254225236223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, companyId=1227303254208459003, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河北科技大学 环境科学与工程学院,河北 石家庄)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1227303259539419702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Correlation analysis of soil salt ion content and enzyme activity. The ellipse tilted to left represent positive correlation and to right represent negative correlation. The smaller the ellipse, the stronger the correlation. Red represents a positive correlation, and blue represents a negative correlation. The darker the color, the stronger the correlation. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01., figureFileSmall=NVNPi5OZV4NE/urhkecr7Q==, figureFileBig=NtC7/yZfb/ntFfZXPLP1RQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303259669443136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, language=CN, label=图1, caption=土壤盐分离子含量和酶活性的相关性分析。椭圆向左倾斜表示正相关,椭圆向右倾斜表示负相关,椭圆越小表示相关性越强。红色表示正相关,蓝色表示负相关,颜色越深表示相关性越强。, figureFileSmall=NVNPi5OZV4NE/urhkecr7Q==, figureFileBig=NtC7/yZfb/ntFfZXPLP1RQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303259820438089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Analysis of alpha diversity of soil bacteria and fungi. A: ACE index of bacteria; B: Shannon index of bacteria; C: ACE index of fungi; D: Shannon index of fungi., figureFileSmall=TNz/TX/F19bPb3svQkhnwQ==, figureFileBig=2+RLlHINYmN/Pbak+nKwnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303259912712787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, language=CN, label=图2, caption=土壤细菌和真菌α多样性分析。A:细菌的ACE指数;B:细菌的Shannon指数;C:真菌的ACE指数;D:真菌的Shannon指数。, figureFileSmall=TNz/TX/F19bPb3svQkhnwQ==, figureFileBig=2+RLlHINYmN/Pbak+nKwnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303260000793178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Main coordinates (PCoA) diagram of the soil bacteria and fungi. A: Bacterial PCoA diagram; B: Fungal PCoA plot., figureFileSmall=V6Xw8QOAeOY/xJp93K+Gxg==, figureFileBig=LTwzaRARHXbSWrL/taly8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303260072096351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, language=CN, label=图3, caption=土壤细菌和真菌主坐标(PCoA)图。A:细菌PCoA图;B:真菌PCoA图。, figureFileSmall=V6Xw8QOAeOY/xJp93K+Gxg==, figureFileBig=LTwzaRARHXbSWrL/taly8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303260185342567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Analysis of soil bacterial composition. A: Bar chart of the top 10 phyla by relative abundance among different groups; B: Bar chart of the top 10 genus by relative abundance among different groups. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among different treatments at the 0.05 level., figureFileSmall=07pxRx/9yodz5KH/JkgUTQ==, figureFileBig=DrINpu/ORMmaYajDASmPCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303260294394478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, language=CN, label=图4, caption=土壤细菌组成分析。A:不同组间相对丰度前10的门水平柱形图;B:不同组间相对丰度前10的属水平柱形图。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。, figureFileSmall=07pxRx/9yodz5KH/JkgUTQ==, figureFileBig=DrINpu/ORMmaYajDASmPCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303260420223605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Analysis of soil fungal composition. A: Bar chart of the top 10 phyla by relative abundance among different groups; B: Bar chart of the top 10 genus by relative abundance among different groups. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among different treatments at the 0.05 level., figureFileSmall=dzZIakqKMbJI3RBG+LVLuA==, figureFileBig=xPImK1KqLPcLg+JgJ5u0dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303260533469819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, language=CN, label=图5, caption=土壤真菌组成分析。A:不同组间相对丰度前10的门水平柱形图;B:不同组间相对丰度前10的属水平柱形图。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。, figureFileSmall=dzZIakqKMbJI3RBG+LVLuA==, figureFileBig=xPImK1KqLPcLg+JgJ5u0dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303260642521729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Functional analysis of soil bacteria and fungi. A: Bar chart of the top 10 bacterial function by relative abundance among different groups; B: Bar chart of the top 10 fungal function by relative abundance among different groups. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among different treatments at the 0.05 level., figureFileSmall=JBi7diB9aosUlDs+gxWDvA==, figureFileBig=oAraFgx21YU8sobpn2uveA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303262056002187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, language=CN, label=图6, caption=土壤细菌和真菌功能分析。A:不同组间相对丰度前10的细菌功能柱形图;B:不同组间相对丰度前10的真菌功能柱形图。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。, figureFileSmall=JBi7diB9aosUlDs+gxWDvA==, figureFileBig=oAraFgx21YU8sobpn2uveA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303262206997137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Co-occurrence network of bacterial and fungal community. A: Luancheng soil; B: Shenzhou soil; C: Haixing soil. The nodes represent ASVs, and the size of the nodes indicates the abundances of different ASVs. Green nodes represent bacteria, while red nodes represent fungi. The connection between two nodes stands for a significant correlation (P<0.05). Positive correlations are in red, whereas negative correlations in green edges., figureFileSmall=pAlKWpnCFxPrRkbzivUkOg==, figureFileBig=/UOxizJ7kFvWtyQIyK3rtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303262303466138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, language=CN, label=图7, caption=细菌和真菌菌群共线网络图。A:LC;B:SZ;C:HX。节点表示ASVs,点的大小表示不同ASVs丰度,绿色节点代表细菌,红色节点代表真菌;2个节点之间的连接表示显著相关(P<0.05),红色表示正相关,绿色表示负相关。, figureFileSmall=pAlKWpnCFxPrRkbzivUkOg==, figureFileBig=/UOxizJ7kFvWtyQIyK3rtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303262433489568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Mantel analysis of soil salinity factors and microbial communities., figureFileSmall=NnU8k6mWaRzt5u5xEH6Syw==, figureFileBig=iH9uMvTlsa2rcuISkh1LHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303262605456043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, language=CN, label=图8, caption=土壤盐分因子与微生物群落的Mantel分析, figureFileSmall=NnU8k6mWaRzt5u5xEH6Syw==, figureFileBig=iH9uMvTlsa2rcuISkh1LHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303262798394037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Correlation analysis between soil salinity factors and microbial communities. A: Correlation analysis between soil salinity factors and microbial genera; B: Correlation analysis of soil salt factor and microbial function. Red represents a positive correlation, and blue represents a negative correlation. The darker the color, the stronger the correlation. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01., figureFileSmall=38LX+tz+X/+hnic5v9uneQ==, figureFileBig=Y+DXUgNBEM0guWPpTFk7dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303262928417465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, language=CN, label=图9, caption=土壤盐分因子与微生物群落的相关性分析。A:土壤盐分因子与微生物菌属的相关性分析;B:土壤盐分因子与微生物功能的相关性分析。红色表示正相关,蓝色表示负相关,颜色越深,相关性越强。, figureFileSmall=38LX+tz+X/+hnic5v9uneQ==, figureFileBig=Y+DXUgNBEM0guWPpTFk7dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227303263062635201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Soil salt ion content in three plots

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TreatmentpHEC(μs/cm)TSS(g/kg)Na+(mg/kg)K+(mg/kg)Mg2+(mg/kg)Ca2+(mg/kg)Cl-(mg/kg)SO42-(mg/kg)NO3-(mg/kg)HCO3-(mg/kg)
LC8.03±0.09ab274.00±61.88c1.36±0.36c24.33±1.10c17.33±0.57b25.43±1.37b114.37±4.27c18.07±0.21c36.27±6.55c79.17±16.88c333.00±19.05b
SZ7.95±0.11b397.00±54.62b2.08±0.32b81.50±2.59b30.10±1.49a21.93±0.35c152.80±7.48a73.73±13.78b93.50±4.00b149.73±23.84b344.00±19.05a
HX8.06±0.04a540.33±16.29a2.93±0.10a96.10±0.79a27.40±4.90a39.70±0.61a142.63±1.81b129.03±1.80a110.23±1.15a187.23±3.70a279.33±18.48c
), ArticleFig(id=1227303263184270020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

三个样地土壤盐分离子含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TreatmentpHEC(μs/cm)TSS(g/kg)Na+(mg/kg)K+(mg/kg)Mg2+(mg/kg)Ca2+(mg/kg)Cl-(mg/kg)SO42-(mg/kg)NO3-(mg/kg)HCO3-(mg/kg)
LC8.03±0.09ab274.00±61.88c1.36±0.36c24.33±1.10c17.33±0.57b25.43±1.37b114.37±4.27c18.07±0.21c36.27±6.55c79.17±16.88c333.00±19.05b
SZ7.95±0.11b397.00±54.62b2.08±0.32b81.50±2.59b30.10±1.49a21.93±0.35c152.80±7.48a73.73±13.78b93.50±4.00b149.73±23.84b344.00±19.05a
HX8.06±0.04a540.33±16.29a2.93±0.10a96.10±0.79a27.40±4.90a39.70±0.61a142.63±1.81b129.03±1.80a110.23±1.15a187.23±3.70a279.33±18.48c
), ArticleFig(id=1227303263301710546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226598466806263901, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Characteristics of soil enzyme activity in three plots

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TreatmentSC (mg/(d·g))ALP (nmol/(h·g))UE (U/g)CAT (μmol/(h·g))
LC57.05±0.08a3 133.47±15.10a1 926.27±140.48a425.06±0.43a
SZ40.59±4.64b3 047.82±2.62a1 775.48±154.20a411.39±13.74a
HX20.28±0.01c1 023.26±18.97b1 242.18±61.24b334.18±8.13b
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三个样地土壤酶活性特征

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TreatmentSC (mg/(d·g))ALP (nmol/(h·g))UE (U/g)CAT (μmol/(h·g))
LC57.05±0.08a3 133.47±15.10a1 926.27±140.48a425.06±0.43a
SZ40.59±4.64b3 047.82±2.62a1 775.48±154.20a411.39±13.74a
HX20.28±0.01c1 023.26±18.97b1 242.18±61.24b334.18±8.13b
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Characteristics of co-occurrence network of bacterial and fungal communities in different places

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TreatmentNumber ofnodesNumber ofedgesModularityNetworkdensityAveragedegreeBacterialratio (%)Fungalratio (%)Positivecorrelation (%)Negative correlation (%)
LC1993 2840.8240.16532.8450.0050.0072.5627.44
SZ2003 3190.8190.16733.1950.0050.0066.3233.68
HX2004 8640.7470.24748.8849.7550.2568.3431.66
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不同样地土壤细菌和真菌群落共现网络特征参数

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TreatmentNumber ofnodesNumber ofedgesModularityNetworkdensityAveragedegreeBacterialratio (%)Fungalratio (%)Positivecorrelation (%)Negative correlation (%)
LC1993 2840.8240.16532.8450.0050.0072.5627.44
SZ2003 3190.8190.16733.1950.0050.0066.3233.68
HX2004 8640.7470.24748.8849.7550.2568.3431.66
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河北省同纬度不同样地土壤盐分特征与微生物群落结构研究
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侯瑞楠 1 , 崔钰爽 2 , 王雨 2 , 黄亚丽 2, * , 陈晓波 1, *
微生物学报 | 微生物资源多样性 2025,65(4): 1417-1432
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微生物学报 | 微生物资源多样性 2025, 65(4): 1417-1432
河北省同纬度不同样地土壤盐分特征与微生物群落结构研究
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侯瑞楠1, 崔钰爽2, 王雨2, 黄亚丽2, * , 陈晓波1, *
作者信息
  • 1.河北科技大学 食品与生物学院,河北 石家庄
  • 2.河北科技大学 环境科学与工程学院,河北 石家庄
Soil salt characteristics and microbial community structures in different regions at the same latitude of Hebei Province
Ruinan HOU1, Yushuang CUI2, Yu WANG2, Yali HUANG2, * , Xiaobo CHEN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
  • 2.College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
出版时间: 2025-04-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250061
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【目的】探究不同盐分类型土壤微生物群落结构特征及其与盐分离子的关联性,为盐碱土壤改良提供理论依据。【方法】沿北纬38°采集石家庄(LC)、衡水(SZ)和沧州(HX) 3个地区的土壤样品,测定样品中水溶性总盐含量(total content of water-soluble salt, TSS)、盐分离子、酶活性及微生物群落结构,并采用Mantel分析法研究土壤盐分特征与微生物群落结构的相关性。【结果】在LC、SZ和HX 3个样地中,土壤电导率(electrical conductance, EC)、TSS、Na+、Cl-、SO42-和NO3-含量均呈显著增加趋势,而土壤蔗糖酶(invertase, SC)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP)、脲酶(urease, UE)和过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT) 4种酶的活性则显著降低,表明盐碱土壤中养分循环受到抑制。3个盐分类型的土壤细菌和真菌群落β多样性差异显著,其中SZ的细菌和真菌α多样性与LC存在显著差异。HX土壤中嗜盐的芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)、粘菌门(Myxococcota)及具有尿素分解(ureolysis)功能的菌群丰度显著升高,而氮固定(nitrogen fixation)菌群丰度降低。Mantel分析表明,Na⁺、Cl⁻等盐分离子与微生物群落组成呈显著负相关,但与耐盐菌(如Gemmatimonadota)呈正相关。【结论】不同盐分类型土壤微生物群落存在显著差异,土壤中盐分离子通过抑制非耐盐菌和选择性富集耐盐菌驱动群落结构变化。微生物群落的改变和土壤酶活性的降低是盐碱土壤养分循环和供应障碍的关键因素,该研究为盐碱土壤改良中关键菌群的调控提供了理论依据。

土壤盐分  /  微生物群落  /  高通量测序  /  相关性分析

[Objective] To investigate the structural characteristics of microbial communities in the soil samples with varying salt types and their associations with salt ions, thus laying a theoretical foundation for the amelioration of saline-alkali soil. [Methods] Soil samples were collected from three regions: Shijiazhuang (LC), Hengshui (SZ), and Cangzhou (HX) at 38°N. The total soluble salt content (TSS), salt ions, enzyme activities, and microbial community structures were measured. Mantel analysis was performed to examine the correlations between soil salt characteristics and microbial community structures. [Results] In the LC, SZ, and HX regions, the levels of soil electric conductivity, TSS, Na+, Cl-, SO42-, and NO3- showed a significant increasing trend, while the activities of four soil enzymes (invertase, alkaline phosphate, urease, and catalase) exhibited significant decreases, indicating that nutrient cycling was inhibited in saline-alkali soil. The β diversity of bacteria and fungi exhibited significant differences among the soil samples of three salt types. The α diversity of both bacteria and fungi in SZ showed significant differences from that in LC. In HX, the abundance of halophilic phyla such as Gemmatimonadota and Myxococcota, as well as the taxa with the function of ureolysis, significantly increased, while that of nitrogen-fixing taxa decreased. Mantel analysis indicated that salt ions such as Na+ and Cl- had significantly negative correlations with microbial community composition but positive correlations with halophilic bacteria, such as Gemmatimonadota. [Conclusion] Microbial communities in the soil samples with different salt types exhibited significant differences. Salt ions drove structural changes of microbial communities in soil by inhibiting non-halophilic microorganisms and selectively enriching halophilic species. The alterations in microbial communities and the reduction in soil enzyme activities are key factors contributing to the impairment of nutrient cycling and supply in saline-alkali soil. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the regulation of key microbial populations in the amelioration of saline-alkali soil.

soil salt  /  microbial community  /  high-throughput sequencing  /  correlation analysis
侯瑞楠, 崔钰爽, 王雨, 黄亚丽, 陈晓波. 河北省同纬度不同样地土壤盐分特征与微生物群落结构研究. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (4) : 1417 -1432 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250061
Ruinan HOU, Yushuang CUI, Yu WANG, Yali HUANG, Xiaobo CHEN. Soil salt characteristics and microbial community structures in different regions at the same latitude of Hebei Province[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (4) : 1417 -1432 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250061
土壤盐碱化是威胁全球生态安全与农业可持续发展的重大环境问题[1]。目前,全球约有25%的土地处于盐碱化状态。由于气候条件不断恶化,以及农业生产方式缺乏可持续性,预计到2050年,这一比例将攀升至50%[2]。我国是全球第三大盐碱地分布国家,盐碱化土壤总面积约9 900万hm2[3]。土壤盐碱化导致的土壤退化不仅造成农作物减产20%-50%,还对生物圈和生态环境构成了严重威胁[4]。因此,解析盐碱土壤的微生态响应规律,可以为盐碱土壤改良提供理论支撑,这对于缓解土壤盐渍化带来的环境威胁具有重要意义。
微生物在地球上数量极多且分布广泛,是各种生态系统的重要组成部分[5]。土壤微生物是土壤质量的评价指标之一[6]。在盐碱土壤生态系统中,微生物作为物质循环与能量流动的核心驱动者,其群落结构及功能演变与土壤盐碱程度密切相关[7-8]。因此,分析盐碱土壤的微生物资源,是盐碱耕地资源有效利用和改良的基础[9]。研究表明,由于盐碱土壤特殊的理化性质,特异性招募或进化了耐盐碱或嗜盐碱微生物资源[10-11],且不同类型或不同程度的盐碱土壤分布着各异的微生物群落结构[12-13]。例如,芽单胞菌门通过渗透调节和代谢适应策略在高盐环境中广泛生存[14-15],而对盐分敏感的微生物则受到抑制[16]。这种群落演替不仅改变了微生物组成,还通过调控碳氮循环等过程影响土壤生态功能[17]
然而,尽管目前对我国盐碱土壤微生物已有诸多研究,但主要集中于少数地区的极端嗜盐微生物分离鉴定,或针对单一盐碱土壤类型的微生物菌群分析。研究内容也多聚焦于总盐含量与微生物多样性的线性关系[18-19],却忽视了盐分离子类型对微生物群落结构的驱动机制,使得盐碱土壤修复的微生物调控策略缺乏精准性。本研究创新性地沿北纬38°,从河北省内陆到沿海,采集石家庄栾城、衡水深州、沧州海兴3种盐分类型的土壤样品,解析细菌和真菌群落结构特征及其与盐分离子(Na+、C1-、SO42-等)的响应关系。本研究不仅能够深化土壤微生物对盐碱化适应性机制的理解,还将为不同盐碱类型土壤的精准改良和功能微生物资源定向挖掘提供科学支撑,对提升我国盐碱土壤利用效率具有重要的实践价值。
土壤样品分别采自河北省石家庄市栾城区栾城镇(37°88′15″N,114°65′24″E),年均气温12.8 ℃,年均降水量474.0 mm,年日照时间2 177.3 h,土壤类型为潮土;河北省衡水市深州市护驾池镇(37°89′28″N,115°71′08″E),年均气温13.4 ℃,年降水量486.0 mm,年日照时间2 563.0 h,土壤类型为潮土;河北省沧州市海兴县小山乡(38°16′52″N,117°57′22″E),年均气温13.8 ℃,年降水量570.0 mm,年日照时间2 718.8 h,土壤类型为滨海盐土。
土壤样品于小麦拔节期(2023年4月)进行采集。每个土壤类型区在县域内均匀布设3个标准样地(均为小麦-玉米一年两作种植模式),面积均为1 600 m2 (40 m×40 m)。每个标准样地按五点取样法采集0-20 cm土壤,将土壤表面杂物去除,按等质量比例混合,制成一个具有代表性的土壤样品装于无菌密封袋中,共采集9个土壤样品。将采集的土壤样品低温保存并迅速送回实验室,采用四分法在无菌条件下将土壤样品分为2部分:一部分土壤自然风干,过0.15 mm筛,用于测定土壤盐分离子和酶活性;另一部分土壤置于-80 ℃冷冻保存,用于土壤总DNA提取和高通量测序。
取过20目筛的干土,使用去离子水按照5:1的水土比例制备浸提液,使用pH计[梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司]测定pH,采用电导计(上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司)测定电导率(electrical conductance, EC);水溶性总盐(total content of water-soluble salt, TSS)含量采用残渣烘干法测定(土水比为1:5);Na+和K+采用Al2(SO4)3浸提-火焰光度法测定;Mg2+和Ca2+采用LaCl3浸提-原子吸收分光光度法测定;C1-采用AgNO3滴定法测定;SO42-采用BaSO4比浊法测定;NO3-采用离子色谱法测定;HCO3-采用双指示剂-中和滴定法测定[20]。土壤酶活性参考郑立伟等[21]的研究方法,采用南京建成生物工程研究所的酶活性试剂盒测定,其中土壤蔗糖酶(invertase, SC)活性采用DNS法,碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP)和过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性采用分光光度法,脲酶(urease, UE)活性采用次氯酸钠苯酚比色法。
采用磁珠法土壤DNA提取试剂盒[天根生化科技(北京)有限公司]进行土壤样品中DNA的提取,以质量合格的DNA为模板进行PCR扩增。细菌16S rRNA基因的V3-V4高变区扩增上游引物序列为338F:5′-ACTCCTACGGGAG GCAGCA-3′;下游引物序列为806R:5′-GGA CTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′[22];真菌ITS基因的ITS1区域扩增上游引物序列为1737F:5′-CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA-3′;下游引物序列为2043R:5′-GCTGCGTTCTTCATCG ATGC-3′[23]。PCR反应体系(25 µL):2×Phanta Max Master Mix (p515) 12.5 µL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各1 µL,DNA模板0.5 µL,ddH2O 10 µL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性30 s,60 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸2 min,35个循环;72 ℃终延伸5 min。对PCR反应产物进行检测、回收和纯化,纯化后的样品送至北京百迈客生物科技有限公司,利用Illumina NovaSeq 6000测序平台进行高通量测序。
高通量测序得到的原始图像数据文件,经碱基识别分析转化为原始序列后,使用QIIME 2 v2020.6中的DADA2插件去除引物、质量滤波、去噪、剪接和嵌合,获得扩增子序列变体(amplicon sequence variants, ASVs)。土壤细菌和真菌群落α多样性和β多样性利用Origin 2022软件进行绘制。使用QIIME软件生成不同分类水平上的物种丰度表,并利用R语言工具绘制样品各分类学水平下的群落结构图。分别使用FAPROTAX和FUNGuild数据库对土壤细菌和真菌群落进行功能预测。相关性分析、Mantel分析和相关性热图均使用R语言进行绘制。利用R语言对细菌和真菌群落中丰度前100的ASVs进行相关性分析,选取P<0.05的ASVs在Gephi软件中对网络进行可视化。
使用Excel 2021进行数据整理,IBM SPSS 26.0进行单因素ANOVA方差分析。方差分析后的多重比较采用邓肯法(Duncan),显著性水平分别设定为P<0.05和P<0.01。相关性分析采用Spearman法。
三个样地土壤盐分离子含量具有显著差异(表1),土壤电导率(electrical conductance, EC)、水溶性总盐(total content of water-soluble salt, TSS)、Na+、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-含量在LC、SZ、HX样地中依次升高且存在显著差异;HX土壤的EC、TSS、Na+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-含量显著高于SZ和LC,为典型的滨海盐碱土壤的盐离子类型;而SZ土壤中HCO3-、Ca2+含量分别为344.00 mg/kg和152.80 mg/kg,显著高于其他2个样地,表明该样地土壤因碳酸盐累积呈现弱碱性特征。这种离子分布格局与区域水文条件密切相关:沿海地区受海水影响显著(HX),内陆地区地下水开采导致次生盐渍化(SZ),而栾城(LC)则因良好的排灌系统维持较低的盐分水平。
进一步分析了土壤盐分离子之间的相关性(图1),结果表明土壤TSS与Na+、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-极显著正相关(P<0.01),同时Na+、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-这4种离子两两之间均存在极显著正相关(P<0.01),表明这些离子具有较高的同源性,且是滨海盐碱的主要贡献离子。土壤TSS与HCO3-呈显著负相关(P<0.05),而与Ca2+呈正相关,表明SZ样地碱性条件下离子的共存机制。这种不同样地盐分离子特征的差异为后续分析盐分胁迫对土壤酶活性和微生物群落结构的影响奠定了基础。
表2结果可知,土壤蔗糖酶(invertase, SC)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP)、脲酶(urease, UE)和过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT) 4种酶活性均呈现沿盐分梯度(LC→SZ→HX)依次降低的趋势。对于SC活性而言,HX和SZ分别比LC显著降低64.45%和28.85% (P<0.05),而ALP、UE、CAT活性均为HX显著低于SZ和LC (P<0.05)。这表明盐碱化会导致土壤酶活性降低,从而抑制碳、氮、磷等元素的循环。
土壤酶活性与盐分离子的相关性分析表明(图1),ALP和SC活性与TSS、Na+、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-这5种离子均呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),而CAT和UE活性与这些离子多呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。
图2为土壤细菌和真菌的α多样性分析。对于细菌群落,ACE指数在3个样地间均存在显著差异,呈现LC>HX>SZ (P<0.01) (图2A),Shannon指数则表现为LC和HX显著高于SZ (P<0.05) (图2B),表明细菌菌群的α多样性指数受盐分显著抑制,而由于不同菌群对盐分的适应性不同,呈现非单调变化。对于真菌群落,2个指数均表现为LC显著高于SZ (P<0.05) (图2C2D),而HX与另外2个样地无显著差异,说明真菌具有更强的盐分适应性。
主成分分析(PCoA) (图3)显示,3个样地的细菌和真菌群落均各自聚类成簇。PERMANOVA检验结果显示,细菌群落的变异解释率为35.35% (R²=0.353,P<0.01;图3A),真菌群落的变异解释率为33.81% (R²=0.338,P<0.01;图3B),表明不同样地的细菌和真菌群落均存在极显著差异。对于细菌和真菌群落而言,HX与LC、SZ在横坐标轴上区分明显,而SZ和LC则沿纵坐标轴分别聚类,说明不同盐分类型通过改变生态位资源,以不同方式重塑了微生物群落结构。
图4A所示,3个样地土壤细菌在门水平上的组成存在显著差异。在高盐分的HX土壤中,芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)和粘菌门(Myxococcota)为优势门类,其相对丰度显著高于其他样地(P<0.05)。其中,芽单胞菌门包含极端耐盐微生物,而粘菌门因含有较多分泌胞外多糖的微生物而在盐碱环境中广泛存在。在中盐的SZ土壤中,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)占主导地位;而在低盐的LC土壤中,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirota)相对丰度较高,其功能特征(如有机物分解和氮循环)与低盐区稳定的生态系统相匹配。门水平的差异与多样性分析结果(图3)相互印证,表明盐分通过改变土壤环境导致了细菌群落的重构,使HX与LC、SZ的细菌群落显著区分。
图4B展示了3个样地丰度前10位的优势菌属。HX土壤中,unclassified_GeminicoccaceaeSubgroup_10的相对丰度显著高于其他样地,与HX土壤中芽单胞菌门的高丰度一致。HX和SZ土壤中unclassified_Gemmatimonadaceae的相对丰度显著高于LC,表明该菌属具有高盐区的生态适应性。SZ土壤中,unclassified_Vicinamibacterales、unclassified_VicinamibacteraceaeSphingomonasMND1的相对丰度较高。
三个样地真菌群落的门水平组成如图5A所示。LC土壤中,壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)和油壶菌门(Olpidiomycota)的相对丰度显著高于其他样地。LC和HX土壤中,球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)的相对丰度显著高于SZ。从属水平分析真菌群落发现,LC土壤中unclassified_Sordariomycetes和油壶菌属(Olpidium)的相对丰度高于其他样地(图5B)。与真菌的β多样性分析结果相似,真菌在门和属水平上均未呈现明显的盐分梯度特征。
对土壤中细菌菌群进行代谢通路富集分析发现(图6A),在高盐的HX土壤中,尿素分解(ureolysis)功能菌显著富集,而氮固定(nitrogen fixation)功能菌的丰度则显著降低,表明盐胁迫驱动微生物功能菌群重建,使土壤氮素含量趋向于降低,与HX土壤中脲酶活性低一致。LC土壤中有氧化能异养(aerobic chemoheterotrophy)功能菌显著富集,捕食性或外寄生性(predatory or exoparasitic)功能菌的丰度则显著降低,说明适宜的土壤盐分有利于土壤中有机物的转化。
图6B展示了3个样地土壤真菌的微生态功能。LC土壤中,真菌寄生菌(fungal parasite)和动物寄生菌(animal parasite)功能菌的丰度显著高于其他2个样地,这与门水平分析中壶菌门和油壶菌门丰度显著增加相对应,这些菌门中富含能够分泌几丁质酶的微生物,具有降低病原真菌和线虫的作用。在高盐的HX土壤中,粪腐真菌(dung saprotroph)和木质腐生真菌(wood saprotroph)功能的菌群相对丰度较高,这些功能菌的富集与盐碱土壤中球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)丰度显著增加相一致。
表3列出了3个样地土壤细菌和真菌生态网络的拓扑参数。研究发现随着盐度的增加,微生物群落的相互作用显著增强。高盐土壤(HX)的边数(4 864)和平均度(48.884)显著高于低盐(LC:边数3 284,平均度32.84)和中盐土壤(SZ:边数3 319,平均度33.19),表明高盐环境下微生物之间的连接更为密集。模块化值从LC的0.824降至HX的0.747,图密度从0.165增至0.247,进一步说明高盐土壤中微生物网络结构更加复杂且紧密。细菌和真菌的比例在各处理中保持相对稳定(约50%:50%),但高盐HX土壤中负相关比例略有增加(31.66%)(图7),表明盐度升高可能加剧了微生物之间的竞争关系。总体而言,盐度显著影响了微生物网络的拓扑结构,增强了微生物间的相互作用,同时可能促进了竞争性关系的形成。
图8所示,Mantel分析揭示了盐分离子对微生物群落的多维度调控作用。在微生物结构方面,土壤Na+、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-与微生物群落组成呈极显著负相关,K+、Ca2+与其呈显著负相关。土壤TSS、Na+、Cl-、SO42-与微生物群落功能呈极显著负相关,K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、NO3-与微生物群落功能呈显著负相关。这也进一步证明,盐分越高土壤微生物群落结构越简单,微生物群落总体功能越低,而土壤微生物功能的降低也影响了土壤的酶活性。
采用相关性热图分析了土壤盐分因子与微生物菌属及其功能的相关性(图9)。土壤TSS、Na+、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-构成了盐分因子的核心调控模块,与unclassified_SordariomycetesOlpidium等呈负相关,与unclassified_GeminicoccaceaeSubgroup_10、unclassified_Gemmatimonadota等呈显著正相关(图9A)。在功能层面上,则与动物寄生菌(animal parasite)真菌寄生菌(fungal parasite)、氮固定(nitrogen fixation)等功能菌呈显著负相关,与粪腐真菌(dung saprotroph)、尿素分解(ureolysis)等功能菌呈显著正相关(图9B)。本研究结果进一步表明,土壤中盐分离子与土壤群落结构与功能具有显著相关性。
土壤盐渍化是造成滨海土壤质量下降的重要原因之一[24]。本研究结果显示,从内陆到滨海,土壤TSS、Na+、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-等含量呈现规律性的由低到高的趋势,且差异显著。土壤TSS与这4种离子含量呈现强相关性,8种离子之间大多呈显著正相关,这与前人对滨海盐碱区土壤盐离子的研究结果基本一致[25-26]。土壤酶活性作为土壤质量的重要指标之一,其变化反映了土壤生物化学过程的活跃程度[27]。研究发现,随着土壤盐分含量的增加,土壤酶活性(SC、ALP、UE、CAT)显著降低,与Yang等[28]研究结果相似,说明盐碱土壤中养分循环受到抑制。这种抑制作用可能是由于高盐环境对酶的结构和功能产生影响,同时也可能与微生物群落的变化有关[29]。微生物作为土壤系统中最为重要的活性因子,是土壤酶的主要产生者[30],微生物种群的改变直接影响着土壤酶活性[31]。微生物多样性是土壤生态系统功能的基础,反映了土壤生态系统的复杂性和稳定性[32]。不同盐分土壤微生物菌群的α和β多样性分析表明,不同样地间呈现显著差异,但未呈现随盐分逐渐升高而规律性变化,这与前人的研究结果一致[33-34]。这种结果一方面表明微生物多样性受多种环境因子的影响,构成土壤盐分的离子种类和浓度均对微生物菌群的构建具有重要作用,另一方面也进一步说明土壤中微生物种群复杂,不同种群的微生物对盐分胁迫的反应不同[35]
在盐碱土壤中广泛分布着大量发挥重要功能的微生物类群[36]。近年来,有关盐碱土壤的微生物研究受到了广泛关注,相关研究发现不同地域盐碱土的微生物群落组成及优势菌群差异显著[5-6,19]。本研究对比分析沿北纬38°由内陆向沿海3个不同盐碱程度的土壤微生物结构发现,随着土壤盐分含量的增加,土壤芽单胞菌门及其unclassified_Gemmatimonadota、变形菌门的unclassified_Geminicoccaceae、酸杆菌门的Subgroup_10等相对丰度显著升高,且菌属与TSS、Na+、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-呈显著正相关。芽单胞菌门具有嗜盐的特点,属于典型的嗜盐菌类群,通过渗透调节可以有效抵抗盐胁迫,且对极端环境具有较强的耐受性[37]。变形菌门、酸杆菌门及其菌属可能有助于维持微环境的平衡,增强抵御盐胁迫的能力[38]
土壤功能预测分析可以为深入理解土壤养分转化的微生物驱动过程提供依据[39]。本研究发现盐碱化程度高的HX土壤中尿素分解(ureolysis)功能菌丰度升高,而氮固定(nitrogen fixation)功能菌丰度降低。这表明土壤盐碱化可能通过改变微生物群落的功能组成,不利于土壤中氮素保留[40],该结果也进一步说明了盐碱土壤中氮素匮乏和过量流失的微生物机制[41]。此外,HX土壤中粪腐真菌(dung saprotroph)等功能菌群丰度增加,粪腐真菌在分解有机物质时会消耗大量土壤养分(如氮、磷等),这可能导致植物可利用的养分减少[42]。这种现象进一步说明了盐碱化对土壤生态系统的负面影响,并为优化盐碱土壤的养分管理提供了理论依据。
土壤生态网络揭示了微生物群落之间的相互作用及其对环境变化的响应[43]。结果表明,土壤盐分不仅改变了微生物网络的拓扑结构,还可能通过增强竞争性相互作用影响生态功能[44]。未来的研究可进一步探讨这些变化对土壤生态系统稳定性和功能的影响。
由内陆到沿海的LC、SZ和HX样地土壤呈现显著的盐分含量和种类差异,其中盐分含量高低与土壤SC、ALP、UE、CAT酶活性呈显著负相关,表明盐分升高导致土壤中碳、氮、磷等元素循环受阻。盐分离子含量和类型导致了土壤细菌和真菌群落的α、β多样性的差异,并引起了微生物菌群结构和功能的变化,表明土壤中盐分离子通过抑制非耐盐菌和选择性富集耐盐菌驱动群落结构变化。微生物群落的改变和土壤酶活性的降低是盐碱土壤养分循环和供应障碍的关键,该研究为盐碱土壤改良中关键菌群的调控提供了理论依据。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1902602-5)
  • 石家庄市驻冀高校产学研合作项目(241490427A)
  • 沧州市重大科技专项项目(224304002Z)
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2025年第65卷第4期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250061
  • 接收时间:2025-01-21
  • 首发时间:2026-02-06
  • 出版时间:2025-04-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-21
  • 录用日期:2025-03-13
基金
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1902602-5)
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1902602-5)
Shijiazhuang Project of Industry and School and Research Cooperation for University Resident(241490427A)
石家庄市驻冀高校产学研合作项目(241490427A)
Cangzhou Major Science and Technology Project(224304002Z)
沧州市重大科技专项项目(224304002Z)
作者信息
    1.河北科技大学 食品与生物学院,河北 石家庄
    2.河北科技大学 环境科学与工程学院,河北 石家庄

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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