微生物学报

Sample	CO₃^2- (g/kg)	HCO₃^- (g/kg)	Cl^- (g/kg)	Ca²⁺ (g/kg)	Mg²⁺ (g/kg)	SO₄^2- (g/kg)	K⁺ (g/kg)	Na⁺ (g/kg)	Total (g/kg)	pH
YK	ND	0.610	0.060	1.995	7.300	2.160	1.353	356.950	955.000	7.4
YT	0.060	ND	0.005	6.985	11.320	22.265	0.930	15.325	125.000	6.9
YH	0.240	ND	211.610	3.990	52.335	71.825	9.420	63.530	530.000	6.6

Sample	CO₃^2- (g/kg)	HCO₃^- (g/kg)	Cl^- (g/kg)	Ca²⁺ (g/kg)	Mg²⁺ (g/kg)	SO₄^2- (g/kg)	K⁺ (g/kg)	Na⁺ (g/kg)	Total (g/kg)	pH
YK	ND	0.610	0.060	1.995	7.300	2.160	1.353	356.950	955.000	7.4
YT	0.060	ND	0.005	6.985	11.320	22.265	0.930	15.325	125.000	6.9
YH	0.240	ND	211.610	3.990	52.335	71.825	9.420	63.530	530.000	6.6

Serial number	Medium	Salt concentration of medium (%)	Similar strain	Maximumsimilarity(%)	GenBank accession number	Salt concentrations (%)	Classification
TRM83601	RM	10	Exiguobacteriumqingdaonense S82	99.9	PP658248	0-10	0-25	0-15	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83602	RM	10	Virgibacilluslitoralis JSM 089168	99.9	PP658249	5-15	5-25	10-15	5-15	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83603	RM	10	Jeotgalibacillusterrae JSM 081008	99.1	PP658250	0-15	0-25	0-25	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83604	RM	15	Halobacilluslitoralis SL-4	99.7	PP658251	5-20	5-25	5-15	5-15	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83605	ISP2	10	Bacillustequilensis KCTC 13622	99.9	PP658252	5-25	5-25	5-25	5-20	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83606	ISP2	10	Bacillussiamensis KCTC 13613	99.9	PP658253	0-10	0-15	0-15	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83607	CM	10	Gracilibacillusdipsosauri DD1	99.2	PP658254	5-15	5-25	5-25	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83608	CM	10	Brevibacteriumepidermidis NBRC 14811	99.9	PP658255	0-15	0-25	0-25	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83609	CM	10	Gracilibacillusdipsosauri DD1	99.3	PP658298	5-15	10-25	10-25	5-20	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83610	CM	10	Brevibacteriumepidermidis NBRC 14811	99.5	PP658256	0-15	0-25	0-30	0-15	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83611	CM	10	Oceanobacilluspicturae LMG 19492	99.4	PP658257	0-15	0-25	0-25	0-5	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83612	CMKA	15	Lentibacillushalodurans 8-1	99.9	PP658258	Not grown	Not grown	Not grown	Not grown	Halophilic bacteria^[32]
TRM83613	CM	10	Staphylococcusxylosus CCM 2738	100	PP658259	0-5	0-15	0-10	0-5	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83614	CM	10	Halobacilluslitoralis SL-4	99.7	PP658260	5-20	5-25	5-15	5-15	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83615	CM	10	Oceanobacilluskimchii X50	100	PP658261	0-15	0-25	0-25	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83616	CM	10	Terribacillusaidingensis CGMCC 1.8913	100	PP658262	5-20	5-15	Not grown	Not grown	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83617	CM	10	Halobacillusandaensis NEAU-ST10-40	98.8	PP658263	5-15	5-15	5-20	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83618	CM	10	Priestiaflexa NBRC 15715	99.6	PP658264	0-20	0-25	0-15	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83619	CM	10	Rossellomoreaarthrocnemi EAR8	99.3	PP658265	0-5	0-5	0-10	Not grown	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83620	CM	15	Virgibacillushalodenitrificans DSM 10037	100	PP658266	0-15	0-30	0-30	0-20	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83621	CM	15	Thalassobacillushwangdonensis AD-1	99.7	PP658267	0-10	0-15	0-20	Not grown	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83622	CM	15	Piscibacillussalipiscarius JCM 13188	99.4	PP658268	5-20	5-30	5-25	5-15	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83623	ISP5	10	Halobacillustrueperi DSM 10404	99.7	PP658269	5-20	5-25	5-25	5-20	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83624	ISP5	10	Bacillussalacetis SKP7-4	99.3	PP658270	Not grown	Not grown	Not grown	Not grown	Halotolerant bacteria^[33]
TRM83625	ISP5	10	Rossellomoreaarthrocnemi EAR8	99.1	PP658271	0-20	0-25	Not grown	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83626	ISP5	15	Halobacilluslitoralis SL-4	99.9	PP658272	5-20	5-25	5-15	5-15	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83627	ISP5	20	Halobacillussediminis NGS-2	99.7	PP658273	5-20	5-20	5-15	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83628	ISP5	10	Bacilluspumilus ATCC 7061	99.9	PP658274	0-15	0-15	0-10	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83629	ISP5	10	Bacilluszhangzhouensis DW5-4	99.9	PP658275	0-10	0-20	0-10	0-5	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83630	ISP5	10	Rossellomoreamarisflavi JCM 11544	100	PP658276	0-5	0-10	0-10	0-5	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83631	ISP5	10	Priestiaendophytica 2DT	100	PP658277	0-10	0-20	0-10	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83632	ISP5	10	Bacillusaltitudinis 41KF2b	100	PP658278	5-10	5-15	5-15	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83633	ISP5	15	Piscibacillushalophilus HS224	99.3	PP658279	5-20	5-25	5-25	5-20	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83634	ISP5	15	Halobacillusprofundi IS-Hb4	98.9	PP658280	5-15	5-20	5-15	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83635	NHM	15	Halobacillustrueperi DSM 10404	99.7	PP658300	5-25	5-25	5-20	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83636	ISP5	20	Halobacillusdabanensis D-8	99.7	PP658281	5-10	5-10	5-10	Not grown	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83637	ISP5	20	Piscibacillussalipiscarius JCM 13188	99.4	PP658282	5-25	Not grown	5-20	Not grown	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83638	H	10	Bacillusparalicheniformis KJ-16	99.5	PP658283	0-10	0-25	0-20	0-20	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83641	H	10	Terribacillushalophilus DSM 21620	100	PP658286	Not grown	Not grown	Not grown	Not grown	Halotolerant bacteria^[34]
TRM83642	H	10	Priestiaendophytica 2DT	99.8	PP658287	0-10	0-20	0-10	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83643	CM	10	Terribacillussaccharophilus 002-048	100	PP658288	0-15	0-20	0-15	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83644	CM	10	Bacillusaequororis M-8	100	PP658289	5-15	5-20	5-10	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83645	H	10	Priestiaendophytica 2DT	99.8	PP658294	0-10	0-20	0-10	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83646	ISP5	10	Bacilluscabrialesii TE3	100	PP658290	0-5	0-20	0-15	0-5	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83647	ISP5	20	Pseudalkalibacillushwajinpoensis SW-72	99.6	PP658292	0-15	0-30	0-20	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83648	CM	10	Piscibacillushalophilus HS224	99.1	PP658295	5-20	5-25	5-25	5-15	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83649	CM	15	Thalassobacilluscyri CCM7597	99.9	PP658296	5-15	5-25	5-25	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83650	F6	15	Gracilibacillussaliphilus YIM 91119	99.4	PP658297	5-20	5-20	5-25	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83651	RM	10	Staphylococcusepidermidis NCTC 11047	99.9	PP658299	5-10	5-15	5-10	5	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83652	NHM	15	Halobacillustrueperi DSM 10404	99.6	PP658301	5-25	5-25	5-25	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83653	F6	10	Jeotgalibacillusterrae JSM 081008	98.7	PP658302	0-20	0-25	0-25	Not grown	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83654	F6	10	Oceanobacilluskimchii X50	99.9	PP658303	0-20	0-25	0-30	0-5	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83655	F6	10	Pseudalkalibacillushwajinpoensis SW-72	99.7	PP658304	0-15	0-30	0-20	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83656	F6	10	Jeotgalibacillusterrae JSM 081008	98.6	PP658305	0-15	0-25	0-20	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83657	F6	10	Bacillusaequororis M-8	99.9	PP658306	5-15	5-20	5-10	10-15	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83658	F6	10	Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13	99.2	PP658307	0-15	0-25	0-20	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83659	CM	10	Brevibacteriumepidermidis NBRC 14811	98.8	PP658291	0-15	0-25	0-20	0-15	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83660	ISP5	20%	Halobacillusandaensis NEAU-ST10-40	99.1	PP658293	5-15	5-10	5-10	5-10	Halophilic bacteria

Serial number	Medium	Salt concentration of medium (%)	Similar strain	Maximumsimilarity(%)	GenBank accession number	Salt concentrations (%)	Classification
TRM83601	RM	10	Exiguobacteriumqingdaonense S82	99.9	PP658248	0-10	0-25	0-15	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83602	RM	10	Virgibacilluslitoralis JSM 089168	99.9	PP658249	5-15	5-25	10-15	5-15	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83603	RM	10	Jeotgalibacillusterrae JSM 081008	99.1	PP658250	0-15	0-25	0-25	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83604	RM	15	Halobacilluslitoralis SL-4	99.7	PP658251	5-20	5-25	5-15	5-15	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83605	ISP2	10	Bacillustequilensis KCTC 13622	99.9	PP658252	5-25	5-25	5-25	5-20	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83606	ISP2	10	Bacillussiamensis KCTC 13613	99.9	PP658253	0-10	0-15	0-15	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83607	CM	10	Gracilibacillusdipsosauri DD1	99.2	PP658254	5-15	5-25	5-25	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83608	CM	10	Brevibacteriumepidermidis NBRC 14811	99.9	PP658255	0-15	0-25	0-25	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83609	CM	10	Gracilibacillusdipsosauri DD1	99.3	PP658298	5-15	10-25	10-25	5-20	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83610	CM	10	Brevibacteriumepidermidis NBRC 14811	99.5	PP658256	0-15	0-25	0-30	0-15	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83611	CM	10	Oceanobacilluspicturae LMG 19492	99.4	PP658257	0-15	0-25	0-25	0-5	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83612	CMKA	15	Lentibacillushalodurans 8-1	99.9	PP658258	Not grown	Not grown	Not grown	Not grown	Halophilic bacteria^[32]
TRM83613	CM	10	Staphylococcusxylosus CCM 2738	100	PP658259	0-5	0-15	0-10	0-5	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83614	CM	10	Halobacilluslitoralis SL-4	99.7	PP658260	5-20	5-25	5-15	5-15	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83615	CM	10	Oceanobacilluskimchii X50	100	PP658261	0-15	0-25	0-25	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83616	CM	10	Terribacillusaidingensis CGMCC 1.8913	100	PP658262	5-20	5-15	Not grown	Not grown	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83617	CM	10	Halobacillusandaensis NEAU-ST10-40	98.8	PP658263	5-15	5-15	5-20	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83618	CM	10	Priestiaflexa NBRC 15715	99.6	PP658264	0-20	0-25	0-15	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83619	CM	10	Rossellomoreaarthrocnemi EAR8	99.3	PP658265	0-5	0-5	0-10	Not grown	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83620	CM	15	Virgibacillushalodenitrificans DSM 10037	100	PP658266	0-15	0-30	0-30	0-20	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83621	CM	15	Thalassobacillushwangdonensis AD-1	99.7	PP658267	0-10	0-15	0-20	Not grown	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83622	CM	15	Piscibacillussalipiscarius JCM 13188	99.4	PP658268	5-20	5-30	5-25	5-15	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83623	ISP5	10	Halobacillustrueperi DSM 10404	99.7	PP658269	5-20	5-25	5-25	5-20	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83624	ISP5	10	Bacillussalacetis SKP7-4	99.3	PP658270	Not grown	Not grown	Not grown	Not grown	Halotolerant bacteria^[33]
TRM83625	ISP5	10	Rossellomoreaarthrocnemi EAR8	99.1	PP658271	0-20	0-25	Not grown	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83626	ISP5	15	Halobacilluslitoralis SL-4	99.9	PP658272	5-20	5-25	5-15	5-15	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83627	ISP5	20	Halobacillussediminis NGS-2	99.7	PP658273	5-20	5-20	5-15	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83628	ISP5	10	Bacilluspumilus ATCC 7061	99.9	PP658274	0-15	0-15	0-10	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83629	ISP5	10	Bacilluszhangzhouensis DW5-4	99.9	PP658275	0-10	0-20	0-10	0-5	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83630	ISP5	10	Rossellomoreamarisflavi JCM 11544	100	PP658276	0-5	0-10	0-10	0-5	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83631	ISP5	10	Priestiaendophytica 2DT	100	PP658277	0-10	0-20	0-10	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83632	ISP5	10	Bacillusaltitudinis 41KF2b	100	PP658278	5-10	5-15	5-15	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83633	ISP5	15	Piscibacillushalophilus HS224	99.3	PP658279	5-20	5-25	5-25	5-20	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83634	ISP5	15	Halobacillusprofundi IS-Hb4	98.9	PP658280	5-15	5-20	5-15	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83635	NHM	15	Halobacillustrueperi DSM 10404	99.7	PP658300	5-25	5-25	5-20	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83636	ISP5	20	Halobacillusdabanensis D-8	99.7	PP658281	5-10	5-10	5-10	Not grown	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83637	ISP5	20	Piscibacillussalipiscarius JCM 13188	99.4	PP658282	5-25	Not grown	5-20	Not grown	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83638	H	10	Bacillusparalicheniformis KJ-16	99.5	PP658283	0-10	0-25	0-20	0-20	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83641	H	10	Terribacillushalophilus DSM 21620	100	PP658286	Not grown	Not grown	Not grown	Not grown	Halotolerant bacteria^[34]
TRM83642	H	10	Priestiaendophytica 2DT	99.8	PP658287	0-10	0-20	0-10	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83643	CM	10	Terribacillussaccharophilus 002-048	100	PP658288	0-15	0-20	0-15	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83644	CM	10	Bacillusaequororis M-8	100	PP658289	5-15	5-20	5-10	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83645	H	10	Priestiaendophytica 2DT	99.8	PP658294	0-10	0-20	0-10	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83646	ISP5	10	Bacilluscabrialesii TE3	100	PP658290	0-5	0-20	0-15	0-5	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83647	ISP5	20	Pseudalkalibacillushwajinpoensis SW-72	99.6	PP658292	0-15	0-30	0-20	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83648	CM	10	Piscibacillushalophilus HS224	99.1	PP658295	5-20	5-25	5-25	5-15	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83649	CM	15	Thalassobacilluscyri CCM7597	99.9	PP658296	5-15	5-25	5-25	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83650	F6	15	Gracilibacillussaliphilus YIM 91119	99.4	PP658297	5-20	5-20	5-25	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83651	RM	10	Staphylococcusepidermidis NCTC 11047	99.9	PP658299	5-10	5-15	5-10	5	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83652	NHM	15	Halobacillustrueperi DSM 10404	99.6	PP658301	5-25	5-25	5-25	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83653	F6	10	Jeotgalibacillusterrae JSM 081008	98.7	PP658302	0-20	0-25	0-25	Not grown	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83654	F6	10	Oceanobacilluskimchii X50	99.9	PP658303	0-20	0-25	0-30	0-5	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83655	F6	10	Pseudalkalibacillushwajinpoensis SW-72	99.7	PP658304	0-15	0-30	0-20	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83656	F6	10	Jeotgalibacillusterrae JSM 081008	98.6	PP658305	0-15	0-25	0-20	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83657	F6	10	Bacillusaequororis M-8	99.9	PP658306	5-15	5-20	5-10	10-15	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83658	F6	10	Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13	99.2	PP658307	0-15	0-25	0-20	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83659	CM	10	Brevibacteriumepidermidis NBRC 14811	98.8	PP658291	0-15	0-25	0-20	0-15	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83660	ISP5	20%	Halobacillusandaensis NEAU-ST10-40	99.1	PP658293	5-15	5-10	5-10	5-10	Halophilic bacteria

茫崖翡翠湖嗜(耐)盐细菌资源及其对NaCl胁迫的响应

PDF下载

罗堂亮 ¹ , 赵亚芳 ¹ , 刘慧美 ¹ , 马会彦 ² , 夏占峰 ¹^,^* , 艾芮西 ¹

微生物学报 | 微生物资源多样性 2025,65(4): 1396-1416

收起

微生物学报 | 微生物资源多样性 2025, 65(4): 1396-1416

茫崖翡翠湖嗜(耐)盐细菌资源及其对NaCl胁迫的响应

全屏

罗堂亮¹, 赵亚芳¹, 刘慧美¹, 马会彦², 夏占峰¹^,^*, 艾芮西¹

作者信息

^1.塔里木大学生命科学与技术学院，新疆阿拉尔

^2.邹城市检验检测中心，山东济宁

Halophilic and halotolerant bacterial resources and their response to NaCl stress in Emerald Lake of Mangya

Tangliang LUO¹, Yafang ZHAO¹, Huimei LIU¹, Huiyan MA², Zhanfeng XIA¹^,^*, Ruixi AI¹

Affiliations

^1.College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China

^2.Zoucheng Inspection and Testing Center, Jining, Shandong, China

出版时间: 2025-04-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240535

文章导航

摘要

收起

青海茫崖翡翠湖的高盐浓度，使其成为发掘嗜(耐)盐微生物的理想环境。【目的】挖掘茫崖翡翠湖的嗜(耐)盐微生物资源，比较分析NaCl浓度下嗜(耐)盐菌的形态特征，并探究其对NaCl胁迫的响应机制。【方法】采集茫崖翡翠湖的近岸湖水、湖盐及湖岸盐土3种样品，利用8种培养基和3个盐浓度梯度(10%、15%、20%)进行嗜(耐)盐菌的分离培养。通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电子显微镜观察3株嗜(耐)盐菌在不同NaCl浓度下的菌落形态、细胞形态及细胞内部结构。【结果】共分离获得58株嗜(耐)盐细菌，其中包括31株耐盐菌和27株嗜盐菌，分属于16个属，其中喜盐芽孢杆菌属(Halobacillus)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus) 为优势属。嗜盐菌主要由Halobacillus组成(占40.7%)，耐盐菌主要由Bacillus组成(占19.3%)；对Na⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺均有一定耐受性的菌株占总株数的84.5%。在不同NaCl浓度下，海岸枝芽孢杆菌(Virgibacilluslitoralis) TRM 83602和咸鱼鱼芽孢杆菌(Piscibacillussalipiscarius) TRM 83622的细胞长度存在显著差异，而表皮短杆菌(Brevibacteriumepidermidis) TRM 83610的细胞长度则无显著变化。【结论】茫崖翡翠湖蕴藏着相对丰富的嗜(耐)盐菌资源。NaCl浓度对嗜(耐)盐菌的生长繁殖、菌落形态、细胞形态及细胞内部结构均产生影响。本研究不仅加深了对茫崖翡翠湖微生物资源的认识，还为嗜(耐)盐微生物的进一步开发利用提供了丰富的菌株资源。

关键词

茫崖翡翠湖 / 嗜盐菌 / 耐盐菌 / NaCl胁迫 / 喜盐芽孢杆菌属

Abstract

收起

The high salt concentration of Emerald Lake in Mangya, Qinghai Province, makes it an ideal environment for mining halophilic (halotolerant) microorganisms. [Objective] To mine the halophilic (halotolerant) microbial resources in the Emerald Lake, compare the morphological characteristics of halophilic (halotolerant) bacteria exposed to different concentrations of NaCl, and explore the response of halophilic (halotolerant) microorganisms to NaCl stress. [Method] Lake water, lake salt, and lakeshore saline soil samples were collected from the nearshore area of the Emerald Lake. The halophilic (halotolerant) bacteria were isolated by eight different media with three salt concentrations (10%, 15%, and 20%). The colony morphology, cell morphology, and internal structures of three strains of halophilic (halotolerant) bacteria exposed to different concentrations of NaCl were observed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. [Results] A total of 58 strains of halophilic (halotolerant) bacteria were isolated, including 31 strains of halotolerant bacteria and 27 strains of halophilic bacteria, belonging to 16 genera. Halobacillus (40.7%) and Bacillus (19.3%) were the dominant genera of halophilic bacteria and halotolerant bacteria, respectively. The strains tolerant to Na⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ accounted for 84.5%. The cell lengths of Virgibacilluslitoralis TRM 83602 and Piscibacillussalipiscarius TRM 83622 exposed to different concentrations of NaCl were significantly different, while that of Brevibacteriumepidermidis TRM 83610 did not change significantly. [Conclusion] The Emerald Lake harbors abundant halophilic (halotolerant) bacteria. NaCl concentrations can affect the growth, reproduction, colony morphology, cell morphology, and internal structures of halophilic (halotolerant) bacteria. This study enriches the understanding about the microbial resources in the Emerald Lake, providing abundant strain resources for further development and utilization of halophilic (halotolerant) microorganisms.

Key words

Emerald Lake of Mangya / halophilic bacteria / halotolerant bacteria / NaCl stress / Halobacillus

引用本文

罗堂亮, 赵亚芳, 刘慧美, 马会彦, 夏占峰, 艾芮西. 茫崖翡翠湖嗜(耐)盐细菌资源及其对NaCl胁迫的响应. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (4) : 1396 -1416 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240535

Tangliang LUO, Yafang ZHAO, Huimei LIU, Huiyan MA, Zhanfeng XIA, Ruixi AI. Halophilic and halotolerant bacterial resources and their response to NaCl stress in Emerald Lake of Mangya[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (4) : 1396 -1416 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240535

正文

收起

青藏高原自然条件极为恶劣，年平均温度低，降水稀少，却拥有全球海拔最高、规模最大、组分独特的盐湖区，备受世人瞩目^[1-2]。茶卡盐湖、察尔汗盐湖等知名盐湖已受到学者的广泛关注^[3]，而位于青海省海西州茫崖市的相对偏远的翡翠湖，尽管其盐离子以Na⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-为主，总盐含量高达53% (表1) ，但受到的关注度却相对较少。通过文献调研发现，青藏高原上研究较多的茶卡盐湖、柯柯盐湖、大柴旦盐湖、尕斯库勒盐湖、东台吉乃尔湖和西台吉乃尔湖属于硫酸镁亚型盐湖，察尔汗盐湖属于氯化物型盐湖，而茫崖翡翠湖属于硫酸钠亚型盐湖^[4]。目前，对于青藏高原硫酸钠亚型盐湖的嗜(耐)盐微生物研究较为匮乏^[5-7]，且尚未见有关茫崖翡翠湖嗜(耐)盐微生物的研究报道。

依据微生物的最适生长盐浓度，可将其划分为非盐微生物(<0.2 mol/L NaCl)、耐盐微生物(0.2-5.2 mol/L NaCl)以及嗜盐微生物，其中嗜盐微生物可进一步细分为轻度嗜盐(0.2-0.5 mol/L NaCl)、中度嗜盐(0.5-2.5 mol/L NaCl)和极端嗜盐(2.5-5.2 mol/L NaCl)微生物^[8-10]。嗜(耐)盐微生物作为极端微生物资源之一，具有巨大的应用潜力，已在食品加工、发酵、纺织和农业等领域得到应用^[11-13]。

嗜(耐)盐菌在形态学上的不同表现是其应对盐胁迫的一种重要响应机制^[14]。李文静^[15]采用扫描电子显微镜观察了解菲假节杆菌(Pseudarthrobacterphenanthrenivorans) A-5在3个不同盐浓度下的细胞形态，发现随着盐浓度的增加，原本完整饱满的细胞逐渐皱缩甚至开始破裂。卢雨欣等^[16]在研究盐浓度对嗜盐真菌生物特性影响时发现，适当提高盐浓度有利于蒙地曲霉(Aspergillusmontevidensis) CGMCC 3.15762的生长繁殖，分生孢子逐渐取代闭囊壳。Vauclare等^[17]利用延时显微镜观察了一株极端嗜盐古菌盐沼需盐小杆菌(Halobacteriumsalinarum)，发现当NaCl浓度从0.5 mol/L增加到2.0 mol/L时，该菌株的细胞形态从短杆状变为长杆状。这些研究表明，盐浓度可能对微生物的细胞形态、结构及生长状况产生显著影响。

盐浓度不仅影响嗜(耐)盐菌的形态，还是其改变渗透压调节策略的主要驱动力。Saum等^[18]研究表明，喜盐芽孢杆菌属嗜盐菌能够合成大量不同的相容性溶质，且这些溶质的合成受到不同盐浓度和不同生长时期的影响。Abosamaha等^[19]研究了盐浓度对太平洋盐单胞菌(Halomonaspacifica) ABQ1胞内相容性溶质的影响，发现在0.5 mol/L NaCl条件下，该菌株不仅能摄取外源甜菜碱，还能生产甜菜碱用以调节胞内渗透压；但在2 mol/L NaCl条件下，菌株胞内的主要相容性溶质变为四氢嘧啶，且羟基四氢嘧啶的含量在高盐浓度下不断增加。王海飙^[20]用透射电子显微镜观察到嗜盐单胞菌(Halomonas sp.) DQ-4细胞内有白色颗粒物，推测可能是菌株积累的相容性溶质聚羟基脂肪酸酯(polyhydroxyalkanoate, PHA)。赵有玺^[21]使用透射电子显微镜观察到解淀粉盐颗粒形菌(Halogranumamylolyticum) TNN58细胞内有白色颗粒物，并采用核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR)氢谱鉴定其为聚β-羟基丁酸酯(poly-β-hydroxybutyrate, PHB)。这些研究表明，NaCl浓度可能会影响嗜盐菌胞内相容性溶质的合成与积聚。

本研究以茫崖翡翠湖的高盐环境为研究对象，采用8种培养基进行嗜(耐)盐菌的分离培养。根据菌株的盐耐受试验结果，选取具有代表性的菌株，作为探究嗜(耐)盐菌对NaCl胁迫响应的研究对象。利用扫描电镜、透射电子显微镜观察这些菌株在不同浓度NaCl中的菌落形态、细胞形态和细胞内部结构，并比较分析了不同菌株对NaCl胁迫的响应机制。

1 材料与方法

收起

1.1 样品采集与主要盐成分检测

2023年7月，从青海省茫崖市翡翠湖(38°9′5.02″N，91°54′56.34″E)采集了近岸湖盐、盐土、湖水3种样品，分别命名为YK、YT、YH。

样品的pH值参照文献[22]中的方法进行测定，盐成分及总盐含量委托塔里木大学分析测试中心进行检测，检测结果见表1。

1.2 培养基

嗜(耐)盐细菌分离培养基：CM培养基^[23]、ISP5培养基^[24]、CMKA培养基^[25]、RM培养基^[7]、NHM培养基^[26]、ISP2培养基^[27]、F6培养基^[28]以及H培养基。H培养基(g/L)：葡萄糖10.0，淀粉1.0，酵母提取物5.0，蛋白胨5.0，K₂HPO₄ 1.0，MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.2，Na₂CO₃ 10.0，琼脂粉20.0。微生物纯化培养基：CM培养基。盐耐受试验培养基：Gibbons培养基^[29]。

1.3 主要试剂和仪器

2×SanTaq Fast PCR Master Mix (with Blue Dye)、50%戊二醛、细菌通用引物27F和1492R，生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司；DL2000 DNA marker、GoldView II型核酸染色剂(5 000×)，北京索莱宝科技有限公司。

PCR仪，伯乐生命医学产品(上海)有限公司；可拍照三目生物显微镜，麦克奥迪实业集团有限公司；紫外可见分光光度计，上海元析仪器有限公司；可变真空超高分辨场发射扫描电子显微镜，赛默飞世尔科技公司；透射电子显微镜，JEOL公司。

1.4 嗜(耐)盐菌的分离培养及纯化

称取3种样品各1 g，分别放入装有9 mL无菌蒸馏水的无菌离心管中，稀释成浓度为0.1 g/mL的样品液。预实验发现，采用NaCl调节8种培养基的盐浓度，分离培养嗜(耐)盐微生物的效果不佳；而采用湖盐调节培养基的盐浓度，分离效果良好。为获取更多嗜(耐)盐微生物，选用湖盐调节培养基的盐质量分数并设置3个浓度(10%、15%、20%)，调节pH为7.0。吸取100 μL浓度为0.1 g/mL的样品液，涂布于固体培养基上，置于37 ℃生化培养箱中倒置培养，记录菌落生长情况，挑取单菌落并采用三区划线法纯化培养。

1.5 微生物种类的鉴定

采用SDS热裂解法提取细菌DNA^[30]，选择细菌通用引物27F (5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGG CTCAG-3′)和1492R (5′-TACGACTTAACCCC AATCGC-3′)对纯化菌株的16S rRNA基因进行扩增。PCR反应体系(25 μL)：2×SanTaq Fast PCR Master Mix (with Blue Dye) 12.5 μL，上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)各0.5 μL，DNA模板0.5 μL，ddH₂O 11 μL。PCR反应条件：95 ℃预变性5 min；95 ℃变性30 s，54 ℃退火30 s，72 ℃延伸1.5 min，共30个循环；72 ℃终延伸10 min。选取含目的条带(约1 500 bp)的PCR扩增产物送至生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司进行双向测序。序列采用SeqMan Pro v7.1软件进行裁剪和拼接，拼接完成的16S rRNA基因序列用EzBioCloud数据库进行相似度比对，以判断微生物的种类。将序列上传至GenBank以获取登录号。

1.6 盐耐受试验

经预实验检验，绝大多数嗜(耐)盐菌能够在Gibbons固体培养基上良好生长且传代稳定，因此选用Gibbons培养基作为盐耐受试验的基础培养基，并以金属离子为单一变量，设置7个质量分数，即0、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%，分别探究不同菌株对NaCl、KCl、MgCl₂、CaCl₂的耐受能力。将嗜(耐)盐菌分别接种于上述培养基上，置于37 ℃恒温倒置培养14 d，记录菌株生长情况及菌落外貌形态。重复上述操作2次。

1.7 三株嗜(耐)盐菌对盐胁迫的响应

按照郑绵平等^[4]的盐湖水化学类型分类方法，茫崖翡翠湖虽属于硫酸钠亚型盐湖，但盐湖中含量最高的盐是NaCl，其次才是Na₂SO₄，因此以NaCl为单一变量探究茫崖翡翠湖嗜(耐)盐细菌对盐胁迫的响应。

根据盐耐受试验结果，选取在Gibbons固体培养基上生长旺盛且对NaCl、KCl、MgCl₂、CaCl₂耐受性较好的菌株作为后续试验的研究对象，以确保试验所用菌株具有稳定性和代表性。

1.7.1 NaCl对3株嗜(耐)盐菌菌落特征的影响

NaCl设置7个质量分数，即0、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%，实验组与空白对照组均设置3个重复。将满足条件的菌株分别接种于含不同浓度NaCl的Gibbons固体培养基中，37 ℃恒温培养7-14 d，拍照记录。

1.7.2 NaCl对3株嗜(耐)盐菌生长情况的影响

将满足条件的菌株接种于含不同浓度NaCl的Gibbons液体培养基中；实验组与空白对照组均设置3个重复，于37 ℃、120 r/min摇床中培养，用分光光度计测定菌液OD₆₀₀值，以光密度值达到0.6-0.8的菌液作为种子液，停止培养后于4 ℃保存备用。

根据OD₆₀₀值确定接种量，确保接种后菌株终浓度一致。将种子液接种到梯度NaCl浓度的Gibbons液体培养基中，实验组与空白对照组均设置3个重复，37 ℃、120 r/min摇床培养；生长周期进入稳定期的菌液停止培养，用波长为600 nm的分光光度计测定其光密度值。

1.7.3 光学显微镜观察

取出适量发酵液制片并镜检，观察并记录不同浓度NaCl条件下菌体的形态和生长状况。

1.7.4 扫描电镜观察

取出适量发酵液，在4 ℃、4 000 r/min条件下离心15 min收集菌体^[31]，委托塔里木大学分析测试中心拍摄扫描电镜照片。按照五点取样法统计细胞长度，依据菌株和NaCl浓度分组，每个实验组任选3张电镜图，将图中细胞聚集区分为五等份，每个矩形区域随机统计2个细胞的长度，菌株的所有分组汇总后提交至IBM SPSS Statistics 27软件中，以NaCl浓度为自变量，菌株细胞长度为因变量进行方差分析，检验其显著性(α=0.05)。

1.7.5 透射电子显微镜观察

取出发酵液，4 ℃、4 000 r/min离心15 min收集菌体，委托武汉迈斯普生物科技有限公司切片并拍摄透射电子显微镜图片。

2 结果与分析

收起

2.1 茫崖翡翠湖嗜(耐)盐菌的种类及分布

2.1.1 茫崖翡翠湖嗜(耐)盐菌的种类

从茫崖翡翠湖3种样品中共分离获得58株嗜(耐)盐菌，经鉴定这些菌株分属于2门16属40种，结果见表2。这些菌属包括喜盐芽孢杆菌属(Halobacillus) 11株、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus) 10株、普里斯特氏菌属(Priestia) 4株、咸海鲜芽孢杆菌属(Jeotgalibacillus) 4株、鱼芽孢杆菌属(Piscibacillus) 4株、短杆菌属(Brevibacterium) 3株、纤细芽孢杆菌属(Gracilibacillus) 3株、大洋芽孢杆菌属(Oceanobacillus) 3株、罗塞略莫拉氏菌属(Rossellomorea) 3株、土地芽孢杆菌属(Terribacillus) 3株、假碱芽孢杆菌属(Pseudalkalibacillus) 2株、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus) 2株、海水女神芽孢杆菌属(Thalassobacillus) 2株、枝芽孢杆菌属(Virgibacillus) 2株、微小杆菌属(Exiguobacterium) 1株以及慢生芽孢杆菌属(Lentibacillus) 1株。其中，有13个菌属共计52株菌在分类学上被归为芽孢杆菌科(Bacillaceae)。

2.1.2 茫崖翡翠湖嗜(耐)盐细菌在不同盐浓度中的分布

本研究设置3个盐浓度，即10%、15%和20%。如图1所示，从盐浓度为10%的培养基中共分离获得41株菌，这些菌株分属于14个不同的属；从盐浓度为15%的培养基中分离获得6个属的12株菌；而从盐浓度为20%的培养基中仅分离获得3个属的5株菌。此外，有9个菌属(包括Bacillus等)共计33株菌仅从盐浓度为10%的培养基中分离获得，占总菌株数的56.9%；而Thalassobacillus和Lentibacillus这2个菌属仅在盐浓度为15%的培养基中分离获得，占总菌株数的5.1%。以上结果表明，采用盐浓度为10%的培养基可以从茫崖翡翠湖中分离获得较为丰富的嗜(耐)盐细菌资源。

2.1.3 培养基类型对茫崖翡翠湖嗜(耐)盐细菌分离培养的影响

如图2所示，采用8种不同类型的培养基从茫崖翡翠湖中分离嗜(耐)盐细菌，分离效果最佳的是CM，从中培养基分离得到了12属的共20株细菌；其次是ISP5培养基，分离得到了6属的共17株细菌；ISP2、CMKA和NHM培养基的分离效果相对较差，仅分离得到了1个属的细菌。共有5种培养基成功分离得出了Bacillus，而Halobacillus则分布在4种培养基中；Brevibacterium和Thalassobacillus这2个菌属仅在CM培养基中被发现，Exiguobacterium菌属则仅在RM培养基中分离获得，而CMKA培养基仅成功分离出了Lentibacillus。

2.1.4 茫崖翡翠湖不同类型样品嗜(耐)盐细菌的群落组成差异

由图3可知，从盐土样品中分离获得了14个属的共35株细菌；从湖盐中分离获得9属共22株细菌，从湖水中仅分离得到1属1株细菌。这说明盐土中蕴藏的微生物资源较湖盐和湖水可能更为丰富多样。

2.2 茫崖翡翠湖嗜(耐)盐细菌的盐耐受能力

对58株嗜(耐)盐细菌进行了盐耐受能力测试，试验结果见图4，结果表明，茫崖翡翠湖中的大多数嗜(耐)盐细菌(84.5%)对Na⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺均表现出一定的耐受性。参考前人的研究成果并结合嗜盐菌、耐盐菌的分类标准，对这些菌株进行了分类(表2)。参照文献[32]将耐盐慢生芽孢杆菌(Lentibacillushalodurans) TRM 83612划分为嗜盐菌，参照文献[33-34]将盐毛虾芽孢杆菌(Bacillussalacetis) TRM 83624和嗜碱土地芽孢杆菌(Terribacillushalophilus) TRM 83641划分为耐盐菌；统计结果显示，耐盐菌共有31株，占总菌株数的53.4%；嗜盐菌有27株，占总菌株数的46.6%。对不同菌属中嗜盐菌与耐盐菌的数量进行统计后发现，有7个属的全部20株菌均归属于耐盐菌，占总菌株数的34.5%；有4个属的全部19株菌均归属于嗜盐菌，占总菌株数的32.8%；还有5个属兼有嗜盐菌与耐盐菌的分布，占总菌株数的32.7%。从菌属分布来看，耐盐菌分布于12个菌属中，占总菌属的75.0%；而嗜盐菌则分布于9个菌属中，占总菌属的56.2%。其中，嗜盐菌主要来源于Halobacillus (40.7%)，耐盐菌中Bacillus的占比最高(19.3%)。以上数据表明，耐盐菌在12个菌属中的分布较为广泛，而嗜盐菌则主要集中分布在Halobacillus中。

海岸枝芽孢杆菌(Virgibacilluslitoralis) TRM 83602是一种中度嗜盐菌，能够耐受5%-15% NaCl、5%-25% MgCl₂、10%-15% KCl、5%-15% CaCl₂；表皮短杆菌(Brevibacteriumepidermidis) TRM 83610是一种耐盐菌，能够耐受0-15% NaCl、0-25% MgCl₂、0-30% KCl、0-15% CaCl₂；咸鱼鱼芽孢杆菌(Piscibacillussalipiscarius) TRM 83622同样是一种中度嗜盐菌，能够耐受5%-20% NaCl、5%-30% MgCl₂、5%-25% KCl、5%-15% CaCl₂(表2)。上述3株细菌在以NaCl浓度为单一变量的Gibbons固体培养基中生长旺盛，且对Mg²⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺的耐受性良好，因此具有代表性。将这3株细菌作为探究茫崖翡翠湖嗜(耐)盐菌对NaCl胁迫响应的对象，进一步研究它们在不同浓度NaCl中的生长情况、菌落形态特征、细胞形态特征以及细胞内部结构。

2.3 三株嗜(耐)盐菌对NaCl胁迫的响应

2.3.1 NaCl对3株嗜(耐)盐菌生长及其菌落特征的影响

微生物的菌落特征(图5)与生长曲线(图6)能够直观地反映其生长状况与NaCl浓度的关系。当NaCl浓度为5%时，V. litoralis TRM 83602的菌落呈现暗黄色，饱满湿润，菌液的最大光密度值(OD₆₀₀)为1.8；随着NaCl浓度提升至10%，菌落大小有所增加、表面光滑且扁平，菌液的最大光密度值也相应增大(OD₆₀₀为1.9)；当NaCl浓度为15%时，菌落颜色为白色，菌落大小减小，尽管表面光滑、扁平，但菌液的最大光密度值减小(OD₆₀₀为1.4)；在NaCl浓度为0、20%-25%的条件下，该菌株无法生长；在5%-15%的NaCl浓度范围内，随着NaCl浓度的增加，该菌株的光密度值先增后减，说明较低和较高的NaCl浓度均会抑制其生长。

对于B. epidermidis TRM 83610，在无NaCl添加(0)的情况下，其菌落呈乳白色，大而扁平，表面光滑且饱满湿润，最大光密度值为2.5；当NaCl浓度为5%时，菌液的最大光密度值略降至2.3，但菌落形态无明显变化；NaCl浓度增至10%时，菌液的最大光密度值为2.3，但菌落大小减小，颜色变浅，中部微微隆起，表面光滑；在15% NaCl条件下，菌液的最大光密度值为2.1，菌落大小达到最小、表面光滑，中部隆起，颜色变浅；当NaCl浓度为20%-25%时，该菌株无法生长；0-15%的NaCl浓度范围内，随着NaCl浓度的增加，TRM 83610的光密度值逐渐减小，说明较高浓度的NaCl对该菌株的生长具有抑制作用。

NaCl浓度为5%时，P. salipiscarius TRM 83622的菌落颜色为暗黄色，表面光滑湿润且扁平，菌液的最大光密度值为1.9；NaCl浓度为10%时，菌落发黄变大、表面光滑扁平，菌液的最大光密度值为2.0；NaCl浓度为15%时，菌落颜色为浅白色，菌落大小增大、表面光滑湿润且扁平，菌液的最大光密度值为2.3；当NaCl浓度达到20%时，菌落颜色呈白色，菌落大、表面光滑湿润、扁平，菌液的最大光密度值为1.7。在NaCl浓度为0和25%的条件下，该菌株无法生长；在5%-20%的NaCl浓度范围内，随着NaCl浓度的增加，该菌株的光密度值也是先增后减，说明较低和较高的NaCl浓度同样会抑制其生长。

2.3.2 光学显微镜结合扫描电镜观察不同浓度NaCl中的3株嗜(耐)盐菌

结合光学显微镜(图7)与扫描电镜(图8)，观察不同浓度NaCl对3株细菌细胞形态的影响。V. litoralis TRM 83602的细胞呈长杆状，通常聚集成短链或成对分布，细胞长1.27-3.66 μm。NaCl浓度的变化对该菌株的细胞长度具有显著影响(P<0.05)，且当NaCl浓度为10%时，细胞的平均长度达到最大值，为2.46 μm。

B. epidermidis TRM 83610的细胞为短杆状，细胞长1.05-2.20 μm，NaCl浓度的变化对该菌株的细胞长度无显著影响(P>0.05)。

P. salipiscarius TRM 83622的细胞为长杆状，细胞长1.41-8.45 μm；NaCl浓度的变化对该菌株的细胞长度具有显著影响(P<0.05)，当NaCl浓度为15%时，细胞的平均长度达到最大值，为4.31 μm。

2.3.3 透射电子显微镜观察不同浓度NaCl中的3株嗜(耐)盐菌

通过透射电子显微镜观察不同浓度NaCl对3株细菌细胞内部结构的影响。如图9所示，黑色圆圈标记的区域内，可以清晰地看到数量不等的颗粒物散布于细胞内。对于V. litoralis TRM 83602，当NaCl浓度为5%、10%、15%时，其细胞内均存在数量不等的颗粒。未添加NaCl时，B. epidermidis TRM 83610的细胞内未发现颗粒物；当NaCl浓度为5%、10%、15%时，细胞开始出现数量不等的颗粒。添加20% NaCl，其细胞内并未发现颗粒；而在NaCl浓度为5%、10%、15%时，该菌株细胞内同样存在数量不等的颗粒。说明嗜(耐)盐菌胞内颗粒的产生和积聚受到NaCl浓度的影响。

3 讨论与结论

收起

在中国西北众多盐湖中，研究人员对新疆和青藏高原的盐湖嗜(耐)盐微生物进行了较多研究，这些研究共同揭示了不同盐湖中细菌群落结构的差异性。沈硕^[7]研究发现，青藏高原察尔汗盐湖的优势菌属包括Bacillus (34.4%)、Oceanobacillus (25.8%)和盐单胞菌属(Halomonas，17.2%)；赵婉雨等^[35]研究发现达布逊湖的优势属为Bacillus (64.2%)；张欣等^[36]通过高通量测序发现茶卡盐湖中的优势属有Bacillus (41.9%)、Oceanobacillus (8.0%)；刘静等^[37]研究发现小柴旦盐湖中Bacillus (21.5%)是优势种群；尕斯库勒盐湖^[6]的优势属有Bacillus (82.6%)、Halomonas (8.9%)，青海湖^[38]的优势属为Halomonas (28.5%)。新疆艾丁湖^[39]的优势属为Halomonas (12.5%)；巴里坤湖^[40]的优势属为Bacillus (68.0%)；达坂城盐湖^[41]的优势属有Bacillus (48.0%)、Halobacillus (14.0%)和Halomonas (13.0%)；艾比湖^[42]的优势属有玫瑰变色菌属(Roseovarius，20.2%)、Halomonas (17.2%)和冷弯曲菌属(Psychroflexus，6.6%)；七角井^[43]的优势属有Halobacillus (34.8%)和Halomonas (19.7%)。在上述11个盐湖中，Bacillus和Halomonas作为优势类群被提及了7次，可见，在西北地区Bacillus与Halomonas是盐湖微生物中不可忽视的种群。本研究采用8种培养基、3个盐浓度梯度，共从茫崖翡翠湖分离获得58株嗜(耐)盐细菌，分属于2门16属，其中Halobacillus (19.0%)与Bacillus (17.2%)是优势属。在上述盐湖中，仅七角井与茫崖翡翠湖的第一优势属同为Halobacillus；虽然艾丁湖、艾比湖、青海湖与茫崖翡翠湖均属于硫酸钠亚型盐湖^[44]，但各盐湖优势菌属的组成类型存在差异，这表明盐湖微生物的群落结构特征是多种因素共同作用的结果，包括盐湖水化学特征、气候条件、地理位置等多种影响因子。

盐耐受试验结果表明，分离获得的嗜(耐)盐细菌中有84.5%的菌株对Na⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺均有一定的耐受性。这种耐受多种盐离子的特性增强了它们在复杂盐环境中的生存能力，是微生物适应环境的一种重要生存策略^[45]。同时，这种环境特征也一定程度上反映了微生物的生存需求。

V. litoralis TRM 83602与P. salipiscarius TRM 83622均为嗜盐菌，它们在Na⁺胁迫下的形态响应相似：NaCl浓度变化对菌株细胞长度均有显著影响，且当NaCl浓度达到其最适生长盐浓度时，细胞平均长度达到最大值。这表明菌株可能通过调节细胞长度以适应NaCl浓度的变化。Seck等^[46]研究发现，在适宜环境中，芽孢杆菌细胞长度会增大，本研究结果与其相符。赵有玺^[21]使用透射电子显微镜观察到H. amylolyticum TNN58细胞内有白色颗粒物，并采用NMR氢谱鉴定其为PHB；傅双庆^[31]通过透射电子显微镜观察到蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscereus) HBL-AI胞内有大量颗粒状物质，并采用红外光谱和核磁共振分析最终鉴定这些颗粒状物质为PHA；Kong等^[47]采用透射电子显微镜观察了不同培养阶段的Halomonasshrimpha IBTH01和Marinobacterhaeunpha IBTM02，记录了其胞内颗粒逐渐增加的过程，并经NMR氢谱分析鉴定为PHB。以上研究表明，PHA在微生物细胞内以颗粒状微球的形式存在。由于PHA分子由酯键连接而成、难溶于水，而氨基酸类及其衍生物、甜菜碱、多元醇类、糖类等亲水性的相容性溶质在以水为主要成分的细胞液中难以直接观察到。本研究通过透射电子显微镜观察到，在不同NaCl浓度条件下，3株嗜(耐)盐菌胞内分布有数量不等的颗粒状物质。据此推测，这些颗粒状微球可能是PHA家族中的一种或多种。

P. salipiscarius TRM 83622能够耐受20% NaCl，但其胞内并未观察到颗粒状物质，这可能是因为相容性物质在调节渗透压方面的作用有限，主要在中低盐环境中发挥重要作用；而在高盐环境中，菌株可能转而依赖其他机制来适应环境，例如内盐策略^[48]。耐盐菌B. epidermidis TRM 83610对NaCl胁迫的响应与嗜盐菌不同，NaCl浓度对耐盐菌细胞长度无显著影响，但随着NaCl浓度的增大，观察到了皱缩的菌株细胞。此外，还观察到了弯曲成半圆的细胞(图7)，Pei等^[49]研究发现，表皮短杆菌细胞成环或弯曲是细胞衰亡的表现，本研究结果与其相符。

本研究采用8种培养基、3个盐浓度，分离培养茫崖翡翠湖的嗜(耐)盐细菌，并探究了其中生长旺盛、耐受NaCl能力强的3株代表菌对NaCl胁迫的响应。结果表明，茫崖翡翠湖拥有丰富的嗜(耐)盐菌资源；NaCl浓度能够影响嗜(耐)盐菌的生长繁殖、菌落形态、细胞形态以及细胞内部结构。本研究不仅丰富了对茫崖翡翠湖所蕴藏的微生物资源的认知，还为嗜(耐)盐微生物的进一步开发利用提供了丰富的菌株资源。

基金

收起

第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk150307)
微生物代谢国家重点实验室开放课题(MMLKF22-01)
塔里木大学校长基金(TDZKSS202309)

参考文献

收起

文献

收起

参考文献引证文献

排序方式：

[1]

郑度, 赵东升. 青藏高原的自然环境特征[J]. 科技导报, 2017, 35(6): 13-22.

ZHENG

, ZHAO

. Characteristics of natural environment of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Science and Technology Review, 2017, 35(6): 13-22 (in Chinese).

[2]

朱德锐, 韩睿, 石晴, 沈国平, 龙启福, 双杰. 青藏高原盐湖细菌群落与超盐环境因素的相关性[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017, 37(12): 4657-4666.

ZHU

, HAN

, SHI

, SHEN

, LONG

, SHUANG

. Correlation analysis of bacterial community and hypersaline environmental factors in extreme salt lakes on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017, 37(12): 4657-4666 (in Chinese).

[3]

任永丽, 吕启勋. 柴达木盆地盐湖水化学特征的对应分析[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2009, 37(21): 10061-10062, 10072.

REN

, LÜ

. Correspondence analysis of hydrochemistry characteristics of salt lakes in qardam basin[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2009, 37(21): 10061-10062, 10072 (in Chinese).

[4]

郑绵平, 刘喜方. 青藏高原盐湖水化学及其矿物组合特征[J]. 地质学报, 2010, 84(11): 1585-1600.

ZHENG

, LIU

. Hydrochemistry and minerals assemblages of salt lakes in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2010, 84(11): 1585-1600 (in Chinese).

[5]

孙大鹏, 唐渊, 许志强, 韩智明. 青海湖湖水化学演化的初步研究[J]. 科学通报, 1991(15): 1172-1174.

SUN

, TANG

, XU

, HAN

. Preliminary study on the chemical evolution of Qinghai Lake water[J]. Science Bulletin, 1991(15): 1172-1174 (in Chinese).

[6]

马欣, 马想蓉, 朱德锐, 李轩领, 沈国平, 邢江娃. 青藏高原尕斯库勒盐湖可培养嗜盐耐盐微生物的群落结构与分离方法对比研究[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2024, 55(4): 916-930.

, MA

, ZHU

, LI

, SHEN

, XING

. Community structure of culturable halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms in gasikule salt lake on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and comparison of different isolation methods[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2024, 55(4): 916-930 (in Chinese).

[7]

沈硕. 青藏高原察尔汗盐湖地区可培养中度嗜盐菌的群落结构与多样性[J]. 微生物学报, 2017, 57(4): 490-499.

SHEN

. Community structure and diversity of culturable moderate halophilic bacteria isolated from Qrhan Salt Lake on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2017, 57(4): 490-499 (in Chinese).

[8]

陈星宇, 马信, 孙长龙, 赵思宇, 王欣钰, 张阳. 嗜盐微生物的研究进展[J]. 盐科学与化工, 2019, 48(2): 1-4.

CHEN

, MA

, SUN

, ZHAO

, WANG

, ZHANG

. The research progress of halophilic microorganisms[J]. Journal of Salt Science and Chemical Industry, 2019, 48(2): 1-4 (in Chinese).

[9]

刘礼崔. 嗜盐四联球菌CICC 10469盐胁迫应答机制的比较转录组学研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学硕士学位论文, 2015.

LIU

. Comparative transcriptomics study on salt stress response mechanism of Tetracoccus halophilus CICC 10469[D]. Guangzhou: Master’s Thesis of South China University of Technology, 2015 (in Chinese).

[10]

OLLIVIER

, CAUMETTE

, GARCIA

, MAH RA. Anaerobic bacteria from hypersaline environments[J]. Microbiological Reviews, 1994, 58(1): 27-38.

[11]

, KONG

, WU

. Salt tolerance mechanism of the rhizosphere bacterium JZ-GX1 and its effects on tomato seed germination and seedling growth[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021, 12: 657238.

[12]

郝闯, 唐兵, 唐晓峰. 嗜盐微生物的工业应用研究及进展[J]. 生物资源, 2019, 41(4): 281-288.

HAO

, TANG

. Recent progress in industrial application of halophiles[J]. Biotic Resources, 2019, 41(4): 281-288 (in Chinese).

[13]

YAO

, LIU

, REN

, ZHOU

, YANG

, MAO

. Microbial-derived salt-tolerant proteases and their applications in high-salt traditional soybean fermented foods: a review[J]. Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 2023, 10(1): 82.

[14]

卢雨欣. 嗜盐真菌Aspergillus montevidensis ZYD4耐盐机理初步研究[D]. 汉中: 陕西理工大学硕士学位论文, 2020.

. Preliminary study on salt tolerance mechanism of the halophilic fungus Aspergillus montevidensis ZYD4[D]. Hanzhong: Master’s Thesis of Shaanxi University of Technology, 2020 (in Chinese).

[15]

李文静. 耐盐多环芳烃降解菌的分离鉴定及其对盐胁迫的响应机制研究[D]. 济南: 齐鲁工业大学硕士学位论文, 2023.

. Isolation and identification of salt-tolerant PAHs degrading bacteria and the response mechanism to salt stress[D]. Jinan: Master’s Thesis of Qilu University of Technology, 2023 (in Chinese).

[16]

卢雨欣, 杨学英, 米洋, 刘开辉, 邓百万, 赵航轲. 嗜盐真菌Aspergillus montevidensis生物特性研究[J]. 西南农业学报, 2020, 33(7): 1441-1448.

, YANG

, MI

, LIU

, DENG

, ZHAO

. Biological characteristic research of halophilic fungus Aspergillus montevidensis[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 33(7): 1441-1448 (in Chinese).

[17]

VAUCLARE

, NATALI

, KLEMAN

, ZACCAI

, FRANZETTI

. Surviving salt fluctuations: stress and recovery in Halobacterium salinarum, an extreme halophilic Archaeon[J]. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10(1): 3298.

[18]

SAUM

, PFEIFFER

, PALM

, RAMPP

, SCHUSTER

, MÜLLER

, OESTERHELT

. Chloride and organic osmolytes: a hybrid strategy to cope with elevated salinities by the moderately halophilic, chloride-dependent bacterium Halobacillus halophilus[J]. Environmental Microbiology, 2013, 15(5): 1619-1633.

[19]

ABOSAMAHA

, WILLIAMSON

, GILMOUR

. Utilization and accumulation of compatible solutes in Halomonas pacifica: a species of moderately halophilic bacteria isolated from a saline lake in South Libya[J]. Access Microbiology, 2022, 4(5): acmi000359.

[20]

王海飙. 一株合成PHB的嗜盐菌筛选及其产物特性研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北林业大学硕士学位论文, 2016.

WANG

. Isolated a Halophilic strain with PHB-accumulating ability and researched its product characteristics[D]. Harbin: Master’s Thesis of Northeast Forestry University, 2016 (in Chinese).

[21]

赵有玺. 极端嗜盐古菌Halogranum amylolyticum TNN58合成PHBV的研究[D]. 无锡: 江南大学博士学位论文, 2015.

ZHAO

. Study on the synthesis of PHBV by Halogranum amylolyticum TNN58, an extremely halophilic Archaea[D]. Wuxi: Doctoral Dissertation of Jiangnan University, 2015 (in Chinese).

[22]

李丽霞, 文凤, 罗丹, 刘琴, 夏占峰. 吐鲁番戈壁滩耐热微生物及产酶能力[J]. 微生物学通报, 2024, 51(9): 3438-3453.

, WEN

, LUO

, LIU

, XIA

. Thermotolerant microorganisms and their enzyme production capacity in the gobi desert of Turpan[J]. Microbiology China, 2024, 51(9): 3438-3453 (in Chinese).

[23]

罗明, 韩剑, 蒋平安, 武红旗. 新疆罗布泊地区可培养嗜盐细菌多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2009, 17(3): 288-295.

LUO

, HAN

, JIANG

, WU

. Diversity of culturable halophilic bacteria isolated from Lop Nur region in Xinjiang[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2009, 17(3): 288-295 (in Chinese).

[24]

迪力热巴·阿不都肉苏力. 新疆四地盐碱土壤细菌及古菌多样性研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆师范大学硕士学位论文, 2022.

Abdrsl

Dlireba

. Diversity of bacteria and Archaea in saline-alkaline soils in four areas of Xinjiang[D]. Urumqi: Master’s Thesis of Xinjiang Normal University, 2022 (in Chinese).

[25]

关统伟, 赵珂, 夏占峰, 吕玲玲, 张小平, 张利莉. 新疆高盐环境土壤放线菌分离培养基比较[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2010, 16(3): 429-431.

GUAN

, ZHAO

, XIA

, LÜ

, ZHANG

. Comparison of isolation media for actinobacteria from different saline environments in Xinjiang, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2010, 16(3): 429-431 (in Chinese).

[26]

李泉泉, 王芸, 王科珂, 倪萍, 孙鹏, 苏为涌, 张碧柳. 新疆两盐湖可培养极端嗜盐菌组成及功能多样性研究[J]. 微生物学报, 2022, 62(6): 2074-2089.

, WANG

, NI

, SUN

, SU

, ZHANG

. Composition and functional diversity of extreme halophiles isolated from two salt lakes in Xinjiang[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2022, 62(6): 2074-2089 (in Chinese).

[27]

丁腊梅. 游动放线菌的靶向分离及其次生代谢产物挖掘[D]. 阿拉尔: 塔里木大学硕士学位论文, 2022.

DING

. Targeted isolation of Actinoplanes and the mining of their secondary metabolites[D]. Alar: Master’s Thesis of Tarim University, 2022 (in Chinese).

[28]

刘琴, 任敏, 张利莉. 放射污染区古菌分离及多样性分析[J]. 微生物学通报, 2014, 41(7): 1308-1317.

LIU

, REN

, ZHANG

. Separation and identification of archaea from radioactive pollution[J]. Microbiology China, 2014, 41(7): 1308-1317 (in Chinese).

[29]

韩剑, 罗明, 蒋平安, 武红旗. 新疆罗布泊地区嗜盐细菌的分离及其嗜盐特性[J]. 干旱区地理, 2008, 31(6): 878-884.

HAN

, LUO

, JIANG

, WU

. Isolation halophilic bacteria from Lop Nur region and their growth of selectivity to positive ions[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2008, 31(6): 878-884 (in Chinese).

[30]

王蕊. 西藏耐盐新菌株的鉴定及其次级代谢产物的分析[D]. 天津: 天津商业大学硕士学位论文, 2023.

WANG

. Identification of a new halotolerant strain in Xizang and analysis of its secondary metabolites[D]. Tianjin: Master’s Thesis of Tianjin University of Commerce, 2023 (in Chinese).

[31]

傅双庆. 芽孢杆菌聚羟基脂肪酸酯的生物合成及其合成关键酶的功能化应用研究[D]. 保定: 河北大学硕士学位论文, 2022.

. Biosynthesis of polyhydroxy fatty acid esters from Bacillus sp. and functional application of its key enzymes[D]. Baoding: Master’s Thesis of Hebei University, 2022 (in Chinese).

[32]

YUAN

, REN

, LIU

, XUE

, MA

, ZHOU

. Lentibacillus halodurans sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang, China[J]. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2007, 57(Pt 3): 485-488.

[33]

DAROONPUNT

, YIAMSOMBUT

, SITDHIPOL

, TANASUPAWAT

. Bacillus salacetis sp. nov., a slightly halophilic bacterium from Thai shrimp paste (Ka-pi)[J]. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2019, 69(4): 1162-1168.

[34]

, ASAHARA

, GOTO

, KASAI

, YOKOTA

. Terribacillus saccharophilus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Terribacillus halophilus sp. nov., spore-forming bacteria isolated from field soil in Japan[J]. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2007, 57(Pt 1): 51-55.

[35]

赵婉雨, 杨渐, 董海良, 吴耿, 王尚, 孙永娟, 赖忠平, 蒋宏忱. 柴达木盆地达布逊盐湖微生物多样性研究[J]. 地球与环境, 2013, 41(4): 398-405.

ZHAO

, YANG

, DONG

, WU

, WANG

, SUN

, LAI

, JIANG

. Microbial diversity in the hypersaline dabuxun lake in Qaidam Basin, China[J]. Earth and Environment, 2013, 41(4): 398-405 (in Chinese).

[36]

张欣, 刘静, 沈国平, 龙启福, 韩睿, 朱德锐. 基于高通量测序研究青藏高原茶卡盐湖微生物多样性[J]. 微生物学通报, 2017, 44(8): 1834-1846.

ZHANG

, LIU

, SHEN

, LONG

, HAN

, ZHU

. Illumina-based sequencing analysis of microbial community composition in Chaka Salt Lake in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Microbiology China, 2017, 44(8): 1834-1846 (in Chinese).

[37]

刘静, 张欣, 沈国平, 封希媛, 龙启福, 朱德锐. 青藏高原小柴旦盐湖微生物群落结构及多样性[J]. 水生态学杂志, 2017, 38(5): 55-64.

LIU

, ZHANG

, SHEN

, FENG

, LONG

, ZHU

. Microbial community structure and diversity of Xiaochaidan salt lake on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Hydroecology, 2017, 38(5): 55-64 (in Chinese).

[38]

赵媛, 何彩霞, 杨国柱, 徐汝燕, 宋宏伟. 青海湖耐盐微生物分离及对盐碱降解率的研究[J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2018, 1(13): 16-19, 240.

ZHAO

, HE

, YANG

, XU

, SONG

. Isolation of salt-tolerant microorganisms from Qinghai lake and the effect of degradation rate on salt-alkali[J]. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2018, 1(13): 16-19, 240 (in Chinese).

[39]

董秀黄. 结合BIOLOG碳源筛选研究新疆两盐湖可培养嗜盐菌多样性[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆大学硕士学位论文, 2013.

DONG

. Study on the diversity of culturable halophilic bacteria in two salt lakes of Xinjiang by BIOLOG carbon source screening[D]. Urumqi: Master’s Thesis of Xinjiang University, 2013 (in Chinese).

[40]

杨珊珊, 张晓波, 陈锋, 刘素辉, 孙玉萍. 新疆极端盐碱环境巴里坤湖沉积土壤中细菌的分离培养和鉴定[J]. 疾病预防控制通报, 2019, 34(5): 1-4, 16.

YANG

, ZHANG

, CHEN

, LIU

, SUN

. Culture, isolation and identification of bacteria from sedimentary soil in environment of extreme saline alkali in Balikun lake of Xinjiang[J]. Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention (China), 2019, 34(5): 1-4, 16 (in Chinese).

[41]

吴海平, 王真辉, 杨礼富. 新疆达坂盐湖沉积土壤嗜盐细菌的定向富集与多样性分析[J]. 微生物学通报, 2010, 37(7): 956-961.

, WANG

, YANG

. The selective enrichment and diversity analysis of halophilic bacteria in sedimental sample from daban salt lake in Xinjiang[J]. Microbiology China, 2010, 37(7): 956-961 (in Chinese).

[42]

地丽胡玛·阿吉, 常娜娜, 杜菲, 马正海. 艾比湖微生物多样性及其功能分析[J]. 新疆大学学报(自然科学版) (中英文), 2022, 39(6): 720-726.

Aji

Dilihuma

, CHANG

, DU

, MA

. Microbial diversity and function analysis in ebinur lake[J]. Journal of Xinjiang University (Natural Science Edition in Chinese and English), 2022, 39(6): 720-726 (in Chinese).

[43]

陈超. 新疆七角井盐湖可培养细菌多样性及其功能酶筛选[D]. 阿拉尔: 塔里木大学硕士学位论文, 2011.

CHEN

. Diversity of culturable bacteria and screening of functional enzymes in Qijiaojing Salt Lake of Xinjiang[D]. Alar: Master’s Thesis of Tarim University, 2011 (in Chinese).

[44]

张明刚. 新疆盐湖卤水水化学特征研究[J]. 盐湖研究, 1993, 1(1): 17-32.

ZHANG

. Research on the hydrochemical feature of the brine of salt lakes in Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Salt Lake Research, 1993, 1(1): 17-32 (in Chinese).

[45]

庄滢潭, 刘芮存, 陈雨露, 杨岑玥, 余岩, 王涛, 王友亮, 宋亚军, 滕越. 极端微生物及其应用研究进展[J]. 中国科学: 生命科学, 2022, 52(2): 204-222.

ZHUANG

, LIU

, CHEN

, YANG

, YU

, WANG

, SONG

, TENG

. Extremophiles and their applications[J]. Scientia Sinica (Vitae), 2022, 52(2): 204-222 (in Chinese).

[46]

SECK

, DIOP

, ARMSTRONG

, DELERCE

, FOURNIER

, RAOULT

, KHELAIFIA

. Microbial culturomics to isolate halophilic bacteria from table salt: genome sequence and description of the moderately halophilic bacterium Bacillus salis sp. nov.[J]. New Microbes and New Infections, 2018, 23: 28-38.

[47]

KONG

, KOH HG, CHA HG, LEE

, YU

, PARK

. Isolation and characterization of two halophilic bacteria producing polyhydroxybutyrate from high-salt environment[J/OL]. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-024-00140-3

[48]

WILLIAMS

. Malignant hyperthermia: a runaway thermogenic futile cycle at the sodium channel level[J]. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 2014, 5(3): 197-200.

[49]

PEI

, NIU

, XIE

, WANG

, ZHANG

. Brevibacterium limosum sp. nov., Brevibacterium pigmenatum sp. nov., and Brevibacterium atlanticum sp. nov., three novel dye decolorizing actinobacteria isolated from ocean sediments[J]. Journal of Microbiology, 2021, 59(10): 898-910.

2025年第65卷第4期

PDF下载

146

引用本文

BibTeX

文章信息

doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240535

接收时间：2024-08-28
首发时间：2026-02-06
出版时间：2025-04-04

补充材料

相关文章

文章信息

作者

出版历史

收稿日期：2024-08-28
录用日期：2024-12-01

基金

The Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program(2022xjkk150307)

第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk150307)

The Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism(MMLKF22-01)

微生物代谢国家重点实验室开放课题(MMLKF22-01)

The President’s Fund of Tarim University(TDZKSS202309)

塔里木大学校长基金(TDZKSS202309)

作者信息

^1.塔里木大学生命科学与技术学院，新疆阿拉尔

^2.邹城市检验检测中心，山东济宁

通讯作者:

参考文献

分享链接

https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/wswxb/CN/10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240535

分享至

全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文

BibTeX

本文的引用情况

2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

关闭全屏

BibTeX
EndNote
RefWorks
TxT

Sample	CO₃^2- (g/kg)	HCO₃^- (g/kg)	Cl^- (g/kg)	Ca²⁺ (g/kg)	Mg²⁺ (g/kg)	SO₄^2- (g/kg)	K⁺ (g/kg)	Na⁺ (g/kg)	Total (g/kg)	pH
YK	ND	0.610	0.060	1.995	7.300	2.160	1.353	356.950	955.000	7.4
YT	0.060	ND	0.005	6.985	11.320	22.265	0.930	15.325	125.000	6.9
YH	0.240	ND	211.610	3.990	52.335	71.825	9.420	63.530	530.000	6.6

Sample

CO₃^2-

(g/kg)

HCO₃^-

(g/kg)

Cl^-

(g/kg)

Ca²⁺

(g/kg)

Mg²⁺

(g/kg)

SO₄^2-

(g/kg)

K⁺

(g/kg)

Na⁺

(g/kg)

Total

(g/kg)

0.610

0.060

1.995

7.300

2.160

1.353

356.950

955.000

7.4

0.060

0.005

6.985

11.320

22.265

0.930

15.325

125.000

6.9

0.240

211.610

3.990

52.335

71.825

9.420

63.530

530.000

6.6

Serial number	Medium	Salt concentration of medium (%)	Similar strain	Maximumsimilarity(%)	GenBank accession number	Salt concentrations (%)	Classification
TRM83601	RM	10	Exiguobacteriumqingdaonense S82	99.9	PP658248	0-10	0-25	0-15	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83602	RM	10	Virgibacilluslitoralis JSM 089168	99.9	PP658249	5-15	5-25	10-15	5-15	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83603	RM	10	Jeotgalibacillusterrae JSM 081008	99.1	PP658250	0-15	0-25	0-25	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83604	RM	15	Halobacilluslitoralis SL-4	99.7	PP658251	5-20	5-25	5-15	5-15	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83605	ISP2	10	Bacillustequilensis KCTC 13622	99.9	PP658252	5-25	5-25	5-25	5-20	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83606	ISP2	10	Bacillussiamensis KCTC 13613	99.9	PP658253	0-10	0-15	0-15	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83607	CM	10	Gracilibacillusdipsosauri DD1	99.2	PP658254	5-15	5-25	5-25	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83608	CM	10	Brevibacteriumepidermidis NBRC 14811	99.9	PP658255	0-15	0-25	0-25	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83609	CM	10	Gracilibacillusdipsosauri DD1	99.3	PP658298	5-15	10-25	10-25	5-20	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83610	CM	10	Brevibacteriumepidermidis NBRC 14811	99.5	PP658256	0-15	0-25	0-30	0-15	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83611	CM	10	Oceanobacilluspicturae LMG 19492	99.4	PP658257	0-15	0-25	0-25	0-5	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83612	CMKA	15	Lentibacillushalodurans 8-1	99.9	PP658258	Not grown	Not grown	Not grown	Not grown	Halophilic bacteria^[32]
TRM83613	CM	10	Staphylococcusxylosus CCM 2738	100	PP658259	0-5	0-15	0-10	0-5	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83614	CM	10	Halobacilluslitoralis SL-4	99.7	PP658260	5-20	5-25	5-15	5-15	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83615	CM	10	Oceanobacilluskimchii X50	100	PP658261	0-15	0-25	0-25	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83616	CM	10	Terribacillusaidingensis CGMCC 1.8913	100	PP658262	5-20	5-15	Not grown	Not grown	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83617	CM	10	Halobacillusandaensis NEAU-ST10-40	98.8	PP658263	5-15	5-15	5-20	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83618	CM	10	Priestiaflexa NBRC 15715	99.6	PP658264	0-20	0-25	0-15	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83619	CM	10	Rossellomoreaarthrocnemi EAR8	99.3	PP658265	0-5	0-5	0-10	Not grown	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83620	CM	15	Virgibacillushalodenitrificans DSM 10037	100	PP658266	0-15	0-30	0-30	0-20	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83621	CM	15	Thalassobacillushwangdonensis AD-1	99.7	PP658267	0-10	0-15	0-20	Not grown	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83622	CM	15	Piscibacillussalipiscarius JCM 13188	99.4	PP658268	5-20	5-30	5-25	5-15	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83623	ISP5	10	Halobacillustrueperi DSM 10404	99.7	PP658269	5-20	5-25	5-25	5-20	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83624	ISP5	10	Bacillussalacetis SKP7-4	99.3	PP658270	Not grown	Not grown	Not grown	Not grown	Halotolerant bacteria^[33]
TRM83625	ISP5	10	Rossellomoreaarthrocnemi EAR8	99.1	PP658271	0-20	0-25	Not grown	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83626	ISP5	15	Halobacilluslitoralis SL-4	99.9	PP658272	5-20	5-25	5-15	5-15	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83627	ISP5	20	Halobacillussediminis NGS-2	99.7	PP658273	5-20	5-20	5-15	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83628	ISP5	10	Bacilluspumilus ATCC 7061	99.9	PP658274	0-15	0-15	0-10	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83629	ISP5	10	Bacilluszhangzhouensis DW5-4	99.9	PP658275	0-10	0-20	0-10	0-5	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83630	ISP5	10	Rossellomoreamarisflavi JCM 11544	100	PP658276	0-5	0-10	0-10	0-5	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83631	ISP5	10	Priestiaendophytica 2DT	100	PP658277	0-10	0-20	0-10	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83632	ISP5	10	Bacillusaltitudinis 41KF2b	100	PP658278	5-10	5-15	5-15	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83633	ISP5	15	Piscibacillushalophilus HS224	99.3	PP658279	5-20	5-25	5-25	5-20	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83634	ISP5	15	Halobacillusprofundi IS-Hb4	98.9	PP658280	5-15	5-20	5-15	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83635	NHM	15	Halobacillustrueperi DSM 10404	99.7	PP658300	5-25	5-25	5-20	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83636	ISP5	20	Halobacillusdabanensis D-8	99.7	PP658281	5-10	5-10	5-10	Not grown	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83637	ISP5	20	Piscibacillussalipiscarius JCM 13188	99.4	PP658282	5-25	Not grown	5-20	Not grown	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83638	H	10	Bacillusparalicheniformis KJ-16	99.5	PP658283	0-10	0-25	0-20	0-20	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83641	H	10	Terribacillushalophilus DSM 21620	100	PP658286	Not grown	Not grown	Not grown	Not grown	Halotolerant bacteria^[34]
TRM83642	H	10	Priestiaendophytica 2DT	99.8	PP658287	0-10	0-20	0-10	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83643	CM	10	Terribacillussaccharophilus 002-048	100	PP658288	0-15	0-20	0-15	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83644	CM	10	Bacillusaequororis M-8	100	PP658289	5-15	5-20	5-10	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83645	H	10	Priestiaendophytica 2DT	99.8	PP658294	0-10	0-20	0-10	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83646	ISP5	10	Bacilluscabrialesii TE3	100	PP658290	0-5	0-20	0-15	0-5	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83647	ISP5	20	Pseudalkalibacillushwajinpoensis SW-72	99.6	PP658292	0-15	0-30	0-20	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83648	CM	10	Piscibacillushalophilus HS224	99.1	PP658295	5-20	5-25	5-25	5-15	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83649	CM	15	Thalassobacilluscyri CCM7597	99.9	PP658296	5-15	5-25	5-25	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83650	F6	15	Gracilibacillussaliphilus YIM 91119	99.4	PP658297	5-20	5-20	5-25	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83651	RM	10	Staphylococcusepidermidis NCTC 11047	99.9	PP658299	5-10	5-15	5-10	5	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83652	NHM	15	Halobacillustrueperi DSM 10404	99.6	PP658301	5-25	5-25	5-25	5-10	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83653	F6	10	Jeotgalibacillusterrae JSM 081008	98.7	PP658302	0-20	0-25	0-25	Not grown	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83654	F6	10	Oceanobacilluskimchii X50	99.9	PP658303	0-20	0-25	0-30	0-5	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83655	F6	10	Pseudalkalibacillushwajinpoensis SW-72	99.7	PP658304	0-15	0-30	0-20	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83656	F6	10	Jeotgalibacillusterrae JSM 081008	98.6	PP658305	0-15	0-25	0-20	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83657	F6	10	Bacillusaequororis M-8	99.9	PP658306	5-15	5-20	5-10	10-15	Halophilic bacteria
TRM83658	F6	10	Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13	99.2	PP658307	0-15	0-25	0-20	0-10	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83659	CM	10	Brevibacteriumepidermidis NBRC 14811	98.8	PP658291	0-15	0-25	0-20	0-15	Halotolerant bacteria
TRM83660	ISP5	20%	Halobacillusandaensis NEAU-ST10-40	99.1	PP658293	5-15	5-10	5-10	5-10	Halophilic bacteria

Serial number

Medium

Salt

concentration of medium (%)

Similar strain

Maximumsimilarity(%)

GenBank accession number

Salt concentrations (%)

Classification

NaCl

MgCl₂

KCl

CaCl₂

TRM83601

Exiguobacteriumqingdaonense

S82

99.9

PP658248

0-10

0-25

0-15

0-10

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83602

Virgibacilluslitoralis

JSM 089168

99.9

PP658249

5-15

5-25

10-15

5-15

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83603

Jeotgalibacillusterrae

JSM 081008

99.1

PP658250

0-15

0-25

0-10

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83604

Halobacilluslitoralis

SL-4

99.7

PP658251

5-20

5-25

5-15

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83605

ISP2

Bacillustequilensis

KCTC 13622

99.9

PP658252

5-25

5-20

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83606

ISP2

Bacillussiamensis

KCTC 13613

99.9

PP658253

0-10

0-15

0-10

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83607

Gracilibacillusdipsosauri

DD1

99.2

PP658254

5-15

5-25

5-10

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83608

Brevibacteriumepidermidis

NBRC 14811

99.9

PP658255

0-15

0-25

0-10

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83609

Gracilibacillusdipsosauri

DD1

99.3

PP658298

5-15

10-25

5-20

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83610

Brevibacteriumepidermidis

NBRC 14811

99.5

PP658256

0-15

0-25

0-30

0-15

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83611

Oceanobacilluspicturae

LMG 19492

99.4

PP658257

0-15

0-25

0-5

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83612

CMKA

Lentibacillushalodurans

8-1

99.9

PP658258

Not grown

Halophilic bacteria^[32]

TRM83613

Staphylococcusxylosus

CCM 2738

100

PP658259

0-5

0-15

0-10

0-5

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83614

Halobacilluslitoralis

SL-4

99.7

PP658260

5-20

5-25

5-15

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83615

Oceanobacilluskimchii

X50

100

PP658261

0-15

0-25

0-10

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83616

Terribacillusaidingensis

CGMCC 1.8913

100

PP658262

5-20

5-15

Not grown

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83617

Halobacillusandaensis

NEAU-ST10-40

98.8

PP658263

5-15

5-20

5-10

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83618

Priestiaflexa

NBRC 15715

99.6

PP658264

0-20

0-25

0-15

0-10

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83619

Rossellomoreaarthrocnemi

EAR8

99.3

PP658265

0-5

0-10

Not grown

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83620

Virgibacillushalodenitrificans

DSM 10037

100

PP658266

0-15

0-30

0-20

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83621

Thalassobacillushwangdonensis

AD-1

99.7

PP658267

0-10

0-15

0-20

Not grown

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83622

Piscibacillussalipiscarius

JCM 13188

99.4

PP658268

5-20

5-30

5-25

5-15

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83623

ISP5

Halobacillustrueperi

DSM 10404

99.7

PP658269

5-20

5-25

5-20

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83624

ISP5

Bacillussalacetis

SKP7-4

99.3

PP658270

Not grown

Halotolerant bacteria^[33]

TRM83625

ISP5

Rossellomoreaarthrocnemi

EAR8

99.1

PP658271

0-20

0-25

Not grown

0-10

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83626

ISP5

Halobacilluslitoralis

SL-4

99.9

PP658272

5-20

5-25

5-15

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83627

ISP5

Halobacillussediminis

NGS-2

99.7

PP658273

5-20

5-15

5-10

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83628

ISP5

Bacilluspumilus

ATCC 7061

99.9

PP658274

0-15

0-10

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83629

ISP5

Bacilluszhangzhouensis

DW5-4

99.9

PP658275

0-10

0-20

0-10

0-5

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83630

ISP5

Rossellomoreamarisflavi

JCM 11544

100

PP658276

0-5

0-10

0-5

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83631

ISP5

Priestiaendophytica

2DT

100

PP658277

0-10

0-20

0-10

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83632

ISP5

Bacillusaltitudinis

41KF2b

100

PP658278

5-10

5-15

5-10

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83633

ISP5

Piscibacillushalophilus

HS224

99.3

PP658279

5-20

5-25

5-20

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83634

ISP5

Halobacillusprofundi

IS-Hb4

98.9

PP658280

5-15

5-20

5-15

5-10

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83635

NHM

Halobacillustrueperi

DSM 10404

99.7

PP658300

5-25

5-20

5-10

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83636

ISP5

Halobacillusdabanensis

D-8

99.7

PP658281

5-10

Not grown

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83637

ISP5

Piscibacillussalipiscarius

JCM 13188

99.4

PP658282

5-25

Not grown

5-20

Not grown

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83638

Bacillusparalicheniformis

KJ-16

99.5

PP658283

0-10

0-25

0-20

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83641

Terribacillushalophilus

DSM 21620

100

PP658286

Not grown

Halotolerant bacteria^[34]

TRM83642

Priestiaendophytica

2DT

99.8

PP658287

0-10

0-20

0-10

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83643

Terribacillussaccharophilus

002-048

100

PP658288

0-15

0-20

0-15

0-10

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83644

Bacillusaequororis

M-8

100

PP658289

5-15

5-20

5-10

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83645

Priestiaendophytica

2DT

99.8

PP658294

0-10

0-20

0-10

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83646

ISP5

Bacilluscabrialesii

TE3

100

PP658290

0-5

0-20

0-15

0-5

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83647

ISP5

Pseudalkalibacillushwajinpoensis

SW-72

99.6

PP658292

0-15

0-30

0-20

0-10

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83648

Piscibacillushalophilus

HS224

99.1

PP658295

5-20

5-25

5-15

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83649

Thalassobacilluscyri

CCM7597

99.9

PP658296

5-15

5-25

5-10

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83650

Gracilibacillussaliphilus

YIM 91119

99.4

PP658297

5-20

5-25

5-10

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83651

Staphylococcusepidermidis

NCTC 11047

99.9

PP658299

5-10

5-15

5-10

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83652

NHM

Halobacillustrueperi

DSM 10404

99.6

PP658301

5-25

5-10

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83653

Jeotgalibacillusterrae

JSM 081008

98.7

PP658302

0-20

0-25

Not grown

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83654

Oceanobacilluskimchii

X50

99.9

PP658303

0-20

0-25

0-30

0-5

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83655

Pseudalkalibacillushwajinpoensis

SW-72

99.7

PP658304

0-15

0-30

0-20

0-10

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83656

Jeotgalibacillusterrae

JSM 081008

98.6

PP658305

0-15

0-25

0-20

0-10

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83657

Bacillusaequororis

M-8

99.9

PP658306

5-15

5-20

5-10

10-15

Halophilic bacteria

TRM83658

Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius

YKJ-13

99.2

PP658307

0-15

0-25

0-20

0-10

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83659

Brevibacteriumepidermidis

NBRC 14811

98.8

PP658291

0-15

0-25

0-20

0-15

Halotolerant bacteria

TRM83660

ISP5

20%

Halobacillusandaensis

NEAU-ST10-40

99.1

PP658293

5-15

5-10

Halophilic bacteria