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Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the predominant probiotics with significant health-promoting potential. Xizang pigs, an invaluable indigenous breed in China, harbor a unique and largely unexplored reservoir of intestinal LAB. [Objective] To screen high-quality LAB isolated from Xizang pigs. [Methods] LAB were isolated by the streak plate method and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Two Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains with significantly different lactic acid production capacities were selected from Xizang pigs. The two strains, together with one L. reuteri strain previously preserved in our laboratory, which originated from duroc×landrace×yorkshire pigs, were assessed in terms of acid and bile salt tolerance, antioxidant activity, antibacterial properties, and antibiotic resistance. [Results] A total of 21 LAB strains were isolated and identified from the intestinal microbiota of Xizang pigs, including ten Streptococcus alactolyticus strains, six L. reuteri strains, three Lactobacillus amylovorus strains, one Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain, and one Limosilactobacillus vaginalis strain. Among the three strains screened out, L. reuteri T-B5L2 exhibited the highest lactic acid production. Moreover, this strain demonstrated strong survival under pH 3.0 and 0.1% bile salts. L. reuteri T-B5L2 exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella Choleraesuis. There were no significant differences in antioxidant activity among the three strains. All the three strains exhibited high sensitivity to penicillins and cephalosporins but displayed resistance to tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and glycopeptides. [Conclusion] In this study, 21 LAB strains were isolated from the feces of Xizang pigs, among which L. reuteri T-B5L2 exhibited the highest acid production capacity. Further in vitro biochemical characterization demonstrated that this strain exhibited good growth performance, acid and bile salt tolerance, antioxidant activity, and the ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria. These findings suggest that L. reuteri T-B5L2 is a promising probiotic candidate with potential applications in improving intestinal health and mitigating pathogenic infections.

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乳酸菌(lactic acid bacteria, LAB)是益生菌的主要来源。我国珍贵的地方猪种藏猪的肠道乳酸菌资源仍有待挖掘。 【目的】 筛选优质藏猪源乳酸杆菌。 【方法】 采用平板划线法分离并通过16S rRNA基因测序鉴定乳酸菌,进一步选择2株乳酸产量有显著差异的藏猪源罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌和1株实验室此前保存杜×长×大(duroc×landrace×yorkshire, DLY)猪源的罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌共3株菌进行耐酸耐胆盐、抗氧化试验、抑菌能力以及耐药性等生物学特性分析和比较。 【结果】 从藏猪中分离鉴定到21株乳酸菌,分别为10株非解乳糖链球菌(Streptococcus alactolyticus)、6株罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus reuteri) [原名为罗伊氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus reuteri)]、3株食淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillus amylovorus)、1株肠膜状明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenteroides)和1株阴道黏液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus vaginalis)。在挑选出的3株菌中,L. reuteri T-B5L2的乳酸产量最高,该菌在pH 3.0和0.1%胆盐的培养基中均表现出较强的生存能力,其抑制肠致病性大肠杆菌和猪霍乱沙门菌生长的能力最强。3株菌在抗氧化能力上无显著差异。3株菌均对青霉素类和头孢菌素类抗生素较敏感,对四环素类、氨基糖苷类和糖肽类抗生素有抵抗力。 【结论】 本研究从藏猪粪便中分离到21株乳酸菌,其中L. reuteri T-B5L2的产酸能力最强。进一步的体外生化特性测定结果表明,L. reuteri T-B5L2生长性能良好,具有耐酸、耐胆盐、抗氧化和抑制病原菌生长的能力,是一株具有潜力的益生菌。

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作者贡献声明

樊秋月:实验操作、数据分析、论文写作;林焱:实验方案设计和指导、论文修改;朱伟云:整体实验方案设计、论文审查。

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International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 281: 135536., articleTitle=Antioxidant potential of exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria: a comprehensive review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227681737245913538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=23, issue=2, pageStart=67, pageEnd=71, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=35, authorNames=JIN LZ, HO YW, ABDULLAH N, MA ALI, JALALUDIN S, journalName=Letters in Applied Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIN LZ, HO YW, ABDULLAH N, MA ALI, JALALUDIN S. Antagonistic effects of intestinal Lactobacillus isolates on pathogens of chicken[J]. 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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2019, 85(1): e01738-18., articleTitle=Genus-wide assessment of antibiotic resistance in Lactobacillus spp, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227681738751668693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=3, issue=9, pageStart=722, pageEnd=732, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=38, authorNames=FROST LS, LEPLAE R, SUMMERS AO, TOUSSAINT A, journalName=Nature Reviews Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FROST LS, LEPLAE R, SUMMERS AO, TOUSSAINT A. Mobile genetic elements: the agents of open source evolution[J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2005, 3(9): 722-732., articleTitle=Mobile genetic elements: the agents of open source evolution, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227681738927829470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=116, issue=14, pageStart=6908, pageEnd=6913, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=39, authorNames=NIU XM, XU YC, LI ZW, BIAN YT, HOU XH, CHEN JF, ZOU YP, JIANG J, WU Q, GE S, BALASUBRAMANIAN S, GUO YL, journalName=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NIU XM, XU YC, LI ZW, BIAN YT, HOU XH, CHEN JF, ZOU YP, JIANG J, WU Q, GE S, BALASUBRAMANIAN S, GUO YL. Transposable elements drive rapid phenotypic variation in Capsella rubella [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019, 116(14): 6908-6913., articleTitle=Transposable elements drive rapid phenotypic variation in Capsella rubella, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1227681727913586832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, awardId=2022YFD1600904-3, language=EN, fundingSource=National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1600904-3), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1227681728001667222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, awardId=2022YFD1600904-3, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1600904-3), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1227681717859840617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227681717868229227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, companyId=1227681717859840617, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227681717880812141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, companyId=1227681717859840617, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=南京农业大学 动物科技学院,国家动物消化道营养国际联合研究中心,江苏省消化道营养与动物健康重点实验室,消化道微生物研究室,江苏 南京)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1227681722268054421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Lactic acid yield of 15 lactic acid bacteria strains. The horizontal stripes indicate that the column represents Limosilactobacillus reuteri. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05. The same as below., figureFileSmall=/l/Aa3KwMLqaGRl+wOfpZQ==, figureFileBig=Pg/mbcn/R0anw6tQMtFshw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681722381300643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, language=CN, label=图1, caption=15株乳酸菌乳酸产量。横纹表示该柱为罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌,不同小写字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.05),下同。, figureFileSmall=/l/Aa3KwMLqaGRl+wOfpZQ==, figureFileBig=Pg/mbcn/R0anw6tQMtFshw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681722519712688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Growth curves of three Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains., figureFileSmall=pHEVYGbPmJcfoJyD9NS42A==, figureFileBig=HcjmD1hE6bcbdSsm255cVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681722649736125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, language=CN, label=图2, caption=三株罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌生长曲线, figureFileSmall=pHEVYGbPmJcfoJyD9NS42A==, figureFileBig=HcjmD1hE6bcbdSsm255cVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681722771370951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Acid and bile salt tolerance of three Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains., figureFileSmall=U1Et04i0HrZaJpwRkG3jiw==, figureFileBig=vUK6VH52KeJKHYgFCtkgGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681722872034254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, language=CN, label=图3, caption=三株罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌耐酸耐胆盐能力, figureFileSmall=U1Et04i0HrZaJpwRkG3jiw==, figureFileBig=vUK6VH52KeJKHYgFCtkgGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681722985280476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Antioxidant capacity of three Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains., figureFileSmall=zUO4jmLFPTihPq2mMXJuUQ==, figureFileBig=MKm0GzdimxPI8lkHiLNS0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681723090138085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, language=CN, label=图4, caption=三株罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌的抗氧化能力, figureFileSmall=zUO4jmLFPTihPq2mMXJuUQ==, figureFileBig=MKm0GzdimxPI8lkHiLNS0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681723215967219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Inhibitory ability of three Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains., figureFileSmall=ABJzHOsLDROMz1iBT+tbng==, figureFileBig=6iZPwn7Dd3ANf0MG9jRkQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681723354378245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, language=CN, label=图5, caption=三株罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌的抑菌能力, figureFileSmall=ABJzHOsLDROMz1iBT+tbng==, figureFileBig=6iZPwn7Dd3ANf0MG9jRkQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681723463430162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=The absolute quantification of MGEs in the three Limosilactobacillus reuteri., figureFileSmall=Vtd59PhXk6K+sRw0CqhQ6w==, figureFileBig=GPB9mmGuWONFSS3Fv+9UXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681726714015769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, language=CN, label=图6, caption=三株罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌中MGEs的绝对定量, figureFileSmall=Vtd59PhXk6K+sRw0CqhQ6w==, figureFileBig=GPB9mmGuWONFSS3Fv+9UXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681726881787942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Isolated sources of lactic acid bacteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

地点

Location

猪生长阶段

Growth stage of pigs

采样时间

Sampling time

西藏林芝朗县猪场

Pig farm in Lang County, Nyingchi, Xizang

保育猪Nursery pigs2023-02-12
育肥前期Early grower-finisher pigs2023-02-13
育肥后期Late grower-finisher pigs2023-02-14

西藏林芝巴宜区白马镇猪场

Pig farm in Baima Town, Bayi District, Nyingchi, Xizang

断奶仔猪Weaned piglets2023-02-28
保育猪Nursery pigs2023-02-28
育肥猪Finishing pigs2023-03-05

西藏农牧学院实验基地

Experimental base of Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University

断奶仔猪Weaned piglets2023-03-10
保育猪Nursery pigs2023-03-11
育肥猪Finishing pigs2023-03-12
), ArticleFig(id=1227681727053754421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

乳酸菌的分离来源

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

地点

Location

猪生长阶段

Growth stage of pigs

采样时间

Sampling time

西藏林芝朗县猪场

Pig farm in Lang County, Nyingchi, Xizang

保育猪Nursery pigs2023-02-12
育肥前期Early grower-finisher pigs2023-02-13
育肥后期Late grower-finisher pigs2023-02-14

西藏林芝巴宜区白马镇猪场

Pig farm in Baima Town, Bayi District, Nyingchi, Xizang

断奶仔猪Weaned piglets2023-02-28
保育猪Nursery pigs2023-02-28
育肥猪Finishing pigs2023-03-05

西藏农牧学院实验基地

Experimental base of Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University

断奶仔猪Weaned piglets2023-03-10
保育猪Nursery pigs2023-03-11
育肥猪Finishing pigs2023-03-12
), ArticleFig(id=1227681727167000645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Primers of MGEs marker genes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
intI1F: GCCTTGATGTTACCCGAGAG
R: GATCGGTCGAATGCGTGT
intI2F: TGCTTTTCCCACCCTTACC
R: GACGGCTACCCTCTGTTATCTC
incP-oriTF: CAGCCTCGCAGAGCAGGAT
R: CAGCCGGGCAGGATAGGTGAAGT
incW-repF: GGCCATCGTATCAACGAGAT
R: ATTGGTGCGCTCAAAGTAGC
tnpA02F: GGGCGGGTCGATTGAAA
R: GTGGGCGGGATCTGCTT
), ArticleFig(id=1227681727305412686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

MGEs标记基因引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
intI1F: GCCTTGATGTTACCCGAGAG
R: GATCGGTCGAATGCGTGT
intI2F: TGCTTTTCCCACCCTTACC
R: GACGGCTACCCTCTGTTATCTC
incP-oriTF: CAGCCTCGCAGAGCAGGAT
R: CAGCCGGGCAGGATAGGTGAAGT
incW-repF: GGCCATCGTATCAACGAGAT
R: ATTGGTGCGCTCAAAGTAGC
tnpA02F: GGGCGGGTCGATTGAAA
R: GTGGGCGGGATCTGCTT
), ArticleFig(id=1227681727389298775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Bacterial biochemical identification of three Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

菌株

Strains

纤维二糖

Cellobiose

麦芽糖

Maltose

甘露醇

Mannitol

水杨苷

Salicin

山梨醇

Sorbitol

蔗糖

Sucrose

棉子糖

Raffinose

菊糖

Inulin

乳糖

Lactose

L. reuteri T-B5L2++++
L. reuteri T-B5L1++++
L. reuteri D-109-1++++
), ArticleFig(id=1227681727477379171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

三株罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌生化鉴定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

菌株

Strains

纤维二糖

Cellobiose

麦芽糖

Maltose

甘露醇

Mannitol

水杨苷

Salicin

山梨醇

Sorbitol

蔗糖

Sucrose

棉子糖

Raffinose

菊糖

Inulin

乳糖

Lactose

L. reuteri T-B5L2++++
L. reuteri T-B5L1++++
L. reuteri D-109-1++++
), ArticleFig(id=1227681727586431088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Antibiotic sensitivity of three Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别Category抗生素名称Antibiotic nameL. reuteri T-B5L2L. reuteri D-109-1L. reuteri T-B5L1

四环类抗生素

Tetracycline antibiotic

四环素TetracyclineRRR
强力霉素DoxycyclineRRR
米诺环素MinocyclineRRR

氨基糖苷类抗生素

Aminoglycoside antibiotic

链霉素StreptomycinIRRR
卡那霉素KanamycinRRR
阿米卡星AmikacinRRR
庆大霉素GentamicinSRS

青霉素类抗生素

Penicillin antibiotic

氨苄西林AmpicillinSSS
青霉素PenicillinSSS

头孢菌素类抗生素

Cephalosporin antibiotic

头孢哌酮CefoperazoneSRR
头孢曲松CeftriaxoneSIRIR
头孢唑林CefazolinRSS
头孢呋辛钠Cefuroxime sodiumIRSS
头孢嘧啶CefacilSSS

糖肽抗生素

Glycopeptide antibiotic

万古霉素VancomycinRRR

氟喹诺酮类抗生素

Quinolone antibiotics

恩诺沙星EnrofloxacinIRSIR

酰胺醇类抗生素

Aminoalcohol antibiotics

氯霉素ChloramphenicolIRIRIR
), ArticleFig(id=1227681727720648825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101941579919, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

三株罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌对抗生素的敏感性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别Category抗生素名称Antibiotic nameL. reuteri T-B5L2L. reuteri D-109-1L. reuteri T-B5L1

四环类抗生素

Tetracycline antibiotic

四环素TetracyclineRRR
强力霉素DoxycyclineRRR
米诺环素MinocyclineRRR

氨基糖苷类抗生素

Aminoglycoside antibiotic

链霉素StreptomycinIRRR
卡那霉素KanamycinRRR
阿米卡星AmikacinRRR
庆大霉素GentamicinSRS

青霉素类抗生素

Penicillin antibiotic

氨苄西林AmpicillinSSS
青霉素PenicillinSSS

头孢菌素类抗生素

Cephalosporin antibiotic

头孢哌酮CefoperazoneSRR
头孢曲松CeftriaxoneSIRIR
头孢唑林CefazolinRSS
头孢呋辛钠Cefuroxime sodiumIRSS
头孢嘧啶CefacilSSS

糖肽抗生素

Glycopeptide antibiotic

万古霉素VancomycinRRR

氟喹诺酮类抗生素

Quinolone antibiotics

恩诺沙星EnrofloxacinIRSIR

酰胺醇类抗生素

Aminoalcohol antibiotics

氯霉素ChloramphenicolIRIRIR
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藏猪源乳酸菌的分离鉴定及益生特性测定
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樊秋月 , 林焱 , 朱伟云
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(7): 3165-3176
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(7): 3165-3176
藏猪源乳酸菌的分离鉴定及益生特性测定
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樊秋月, 林焱 , 朱伟云
作者信息
  • 南京农业大学 动物科技学院,国家动物消化道营养国际联合研究中心,江苏省消化道营养与动物健康重点实验室,消化道微生物研究室,江苏 南京
Isolation, identification, and probiotic property evaluation of lactic acid bacteria from Xizang pigs
Qiuyue FAN, Yan LIN , Weiyun ZHU
Affiliations
  • National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
出版时间: 2025-07-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250040
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乳酸菌(lactic acid bacteria, LAB)是益生菌的主要来源。我国珍贵的地方猪种藏猪的肠道乳酸菌资源仍有待挖掘。 【目的】 筛选优质藏猪源乳酸杆菌。 【方法】 采用平板划线法分离并通过16S rRNA基因测序鉴定乳酸菌,进一步选择2株乳酸产量有显著差异的藏猪源罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌和1株实验室此前保存杜×长×大(duroc×landrace×yorkshire, DLY)猪源的罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌共3株菌进行耐酸耐胆盐、抗氧化试验、抑菌能力以及耐药性等生物学特性分析和比较。 【结果】 从藏猪中分离鉴定到21株乳酸菌,分别为10株非解乳糖链球菌(Streptococcus alactolyticus)、6株罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus reuteri) [原名为罗伊氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus reuteri)]、3株食淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillus amylovorus)、1株肠膜状明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenteroides)和1株阴道黏液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus vaginalis)。在挑选出的3株菌中,L. reuteri T-B5L2的乳酸产量最高,该菌在pH 3.0和0.1%胆盐的培养基中均表现出较强的生存能力,其抑制肠致病性大肠杆菌和猪霍乱沙门菌生长的能力最强。3株菌在抗氧化能力上无显著差异。3株菌均对青霉素类和头孢菌素类抗生素较敏感,对四环素类、氨基糖苷类和糖肽类抗生素有抵抗力。 【结论】 本研究从藏猪粪便中分离到21株乳酸菌,其中L. reuteri T-B5L2的产酸能力最强。进一步的体外生化特性测定结果表明,L. reuteri T-B5L2生长性能良好,具有耐酸、耐胆盐、抗氧化和抑制病原菌生长的能力,是一株具有潜力的益生菌。

藏猪  /  乳酸菌  /  罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌  /  分离  /  鉴定  /  益生特性

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the predominant probiotics with significant health-promoting potential. Xizang pigs, an invaluable indigenous breed in China, harbor a unique and largely unexplored reservoir of intestinal LAB. [Objective] To screen high-quality LAB isolated from Xizang pigs. [Methods] LAB were isolated by the streak plate method and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Two Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains with significantly different lactic acid production capacities were selected from Xizang pigs. The two strains, together with one L. reuteri strain previously preserved in our laboratory, which originated from duroc×landrace×yorkshire pigs, were assessed in terms of acid and bile salt tolerance, antioxidant activity, antibacterial properties, and antibiotic resistance. [Results] A total of 21 LAB strains were isolated and identified from the intestinal microbiota of Xizang pigs, including ten Streptococcus alactolyticus strains, six L. reuteri strains, three Lactobacillus amylovorus strains, one Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain, and one Limosilactobacillus vaginalis strain. Among the three strains screened out, L. reuteri T-B5L2 exhibited the highest lactic acid production. Moreover, this strain demonstrated strong survival under pH 3.0 and 0.1% bile salts. L. reuteri T-B5L2 exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella Choleraesuis. There were no significant differences in antioxidant activity among the three strains. All the three strains exhibited high sensitivity to penicillins and cephalosporins but displayed resistance to tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and glycopeptides. [Conclusion] In this study, 21 LAB strains were isolated from the feces of Xizang pigs, among which L. reuteri T-B5L2 exhibited the highest acid production capacity. Further in vitro biochemical characterization demonstrated that this strain exhibited good growth performance, acid and bile salt tolerance, antioxidant activity, and the ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria. These findings suggest that L. reuteri T-B5L2 is a promising probiotic candidate with potential applications in improving intestinal health and mitigating pathogenic infections.

Xizang pig  /  lactic acid bacteria  /  Limosilactobacillus reuteri  /  isolation  /  identification  /  probiotic properties
樊秋月, 林焱, 朱伟云. 藏猪源乳酸菌的分离鉴定及益生特性测定. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (7) : 3165 -3176 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250040
Qiuyue FAN, Yan LIN, Weiyun ZHU. Isolation, identification, and probiotic property evaluation of lactic acid bacteria from Xizang pigs[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (7) : 3165 -3176 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250040
乳酸菌(lactic acid bacteria, LAB)是一类耐酸且需氧量低的革兰氏阳性杆菌或球菌,属于乳酸杆菌目[1]。乳酸菌能够抑制大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌等致病菌的生长[2-3],这使得乳酸菌成为潜在的抗生素替代品[4]。研究表明,在断奶仔猪中添加乳酸菌有助于维持仔猪肠道菌群平衡,增强免疫力,改善生长性能[5]。此外,孔庆辉[6]的研究表明,罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus reuteri)[原名为罗伊氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus reuteri)]通过增强肠道黏膜的物理、化学、免疫和微生物屏障等多种机制,调节肠道健康,从而有效抵御脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides, LPS)对断奶藏仔猪肠道的损伤,并缓解肠道的炎症反应。因此,在养殖业中筛选和运用优质乳酸菌具有重要意义。
藏猪是我国珍贵的地方猪种,主要分布在青藏高原[7]。与杜×长×大(duroc×landrace×yorkshire, DLY)猪相比,藏猪具有耐粗饲、抗病力强和肉质鲜美等优点[8]。由于饲养模式和生长的地理环境不同,藏猪肠道内含有丰富的菌种资源[9-10]。Shang等[11]研究表明,藏猪结肠肠道菌群的组成和丰度与其优良性状密切相关。同时,相关研究表明断奶后的藏猪肠道内乳酸杆菌的数量显著高于长白猪[12]。目前,有关藏猪源乳酸菌的研究有限,且藏猪源乳酸菌资源也较少,开发和利用藏猪源乳酸菌对丰富益生菌库具有重要意义。本研究采集西藏3个猪场的粪样,分离藏猪粪便中的乳酸菌,旨在筛选优质藏猪源乳酸菌,并对其益生特性进行系统评估,为进一步开发藏猪源乳酸菌提供研究基础。
三号胆盐购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司;细菌微量生化鉴定管购自青岛高科技工业园海博生物技术有限公司;乳酸测试盒购自南京迈博昊成生物科技有限公司;药敏纸片购自比克曼生物科技有限公司,分别为:四环素(30 μg/片)、多西环素(30 μg/片)、强力霉素(30 μg/片)、米诺环素(30 μg/片)、链霉素(10 μg/片)、卡那霉素(10 μg/片)、阿米卡星(10 μg/片)、庆大霉素(120 μg/片)、氨苄西林(10 μg/片)、青霉素(10 μg/片)、头孢哌酮(75 μg/片)、头孢曲松(30 μg/片)、头孢唑林(30 μg/片)、头孢呋辛钠(30 μg/片)、头孢嘧啶(30 μg/片)、万古霉素(30 μg/片)、恩诺沙星(10 μg/片)、氯霉素(30 μg/片);FeSO4购自上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;2,2-联苯基-1-苦基肼基(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)、甲醇(0.791-0.793 g/mL)、邻二氮菲、Omega细菌DNA提取试剂盒、Omega质粒小量提取I型试剂盒均购自南京希宝生物科技有限公司;荧光定量PCR试剂盒购自南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司。
酶标仪,TECAN公司;超净工作台,苏州安泰空气技术有限公司;实时荧光定量PCR仪,ThermoFisher Scientific公司。
本研究从西藏林芝朗县一猪场、西藏林芝巴宜区白马镇一猪场以及西藏农牧学院藏猪试验基地3个猪场采集了断奶仔猪、保育猪和育肥猪3个生长阶段的粪样分离乳酸菌(表1)。
实验室前期从DLY猪中分离得到的4株乳酸菌:Lactobacillusamylophilus D-S1、Limosilactobacillus mucosae D-109-4、Lactobacillus johnsonii D-S2、Limosilactobacillus reuteri D-109-1。产肠毒素大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) K88 CVCC 1526由南京农业大学动物医学院汤芳教授惠赠,猪霍乱沙门菌(Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis, SC) ATCC 13312购自北纳创联生物科技有限公司。L. reuteri D-109-1、Limosilactobacillus reuteri T-B5L2和Limosilactobacillus reuteri T-B5L1的序列已上传至GenBank,登录号分别为:PV094651、PV094652、PV094653。含有intI1intI2incN-repincP-oriTincW-reptnpA02质粒的标准大肠杆菌由南京农业大学资源与环境学院谢婉滢副教授惠赠。
用接种环蘸取适量粪样后于MRS琼脂培养基上划线,置于37 ℃培养24 h后,挑取单菌落于MRS液体培养基中,37 ℃静置培养24 h。以纯化后的菌液为模板,PCR扩增16S rRNA基因,使用乳酸菌的特异性引物[13]:上游引物F (5′-AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA-3′)和下游引物R (5′-ATTCCACCGCTACACATG-3′)。PCR反应体系(25 μL):2×Taq PCR Mix 12.5 µL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各1 µL,菌液1 µL,ddH2O 9.5 µL。PCR反应条件:94 ℃预变性2 min;94 ℃变性30 s,61 ℃退火1 min,68 ℃延伸1 min,35个循环;68 ℃终延伸7 min。将扩增产物进行1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检验[13]。将扩增成功的菌株送至北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司进行测序,最后将测得序列与NCBI数据库进行比对。
将鉴定完成的所有藏猪乳酸菌以及实验室前期分离到的4株DLY猪源的乳酸菌菌株进行培养,37 ℃厌氧培养24 h,调节所有乳酸菌菌液的OD600值为1.0,后续试验菌液浓度调节均如此。分别以2%的比例接种至10 mL MRS肉汤中,每株菌3个重复,37 ℃厌氧培养24 h。使用乳酸试剂盒测定菌株产乳酸能力,具体试验步骤参考说明书进行。
菌株的培养以及浓度调节同1.5节,使用分光光度计测定滚管上同一位置的吸光度值。0-10 h每2 h检测1次吸光度值,10-18 h每4 h测定1次吸光度值,18-24 h每2 h测定1次吸光度值,记录数据并绘制生长曲线。
使用细菌微量生化鉴定管对乳酸菌进行生化鉴定,菌株的培养以及浓度调节同1.5节。使用灭菌环蘸取菌液加入到生化鉴定管中,使用封口膜包裹生化鉴定管,放入37 ℃培养箱中培养12 h,观察生化鉴定管颜色变化。颜色由紫色变成黄色则为阳性,未发生颜色变化则为阴性。
参考文献[14],将1 mol/L的盐酸添加到MRS培养基中,调节MRS培养pH值分别为2.0和3.0,对照组pH 6.2;分别配制含有0.1%和0.3%牛胆盐的MRS培养基,对照组不含牛胆盐,每组做3个重复,生长比例的计算如公式(1)所示。
生长比例=试验OD对照OD×100%
菌株的培养以及浓度调节同1.5节,取2%菌液接入10 mL培养基中,37 ℃静置培养5 h后,使用分光光度计测菌液OD600值。
DPPH自由基(DPPH·)清除能力测定根据Brand-Williams等[15]描述的方法,略作修改。配制6×10-2 mmol/L的DPPH自由基溶液,配制好的溶液避光保存,现配现用。取OD600值为1.0时的菌液和DPPH自由基按照1:4的比例进行混合,混匀后避光30 ℃静置培养30 min,每株菌3个重复。使用酶标仪测定溶液在517 nm处的吸光度,DPPH自由基清除率的计算如公式(2)所示。
DPPH自由基清除率=(A0-AF)A0×100%
式中:A0为培养前吸光度值,AF为培养后吸光度值。
配制0.75 mmol/L的邻二氮菲溶液和0.75 mmol/L的FeSO4溶液。菌液浓度同1.5节。本研究设空白组(Ax)、对照组(A0)和试验组(Ay),按照Niu等[16]的试验方法依次加入试剂,最后充分混匀。37 ℃金属浴1 h,测量溶液在536 nm处的吸光度,羟基自由基清除率的计算如公式(3)所示。
羟基自由基清除率=Ay-A0Ax-A0×100%
使用打孔法检测菌株抑制病原菌的能力。将培养至对数生长期的E. coli 1526和SC 13312稀释至107 CFU/mL进行抑菌试验。乳酸菌菌液浓度调节同1.5节,10 000 r/min离心10 min,过滤取菌液上清液待用。使用培养皿进行固体培养基制备时,控制培养基的厚度均匀一致,约为4 mm,以此保证试验的准确性。取100 μL致病菌菌液,使用无菌棉花棒将致病菌均匀涂抹在LB固体培养基上,使用1 mL无菌枪头在培养基上打孔,在孔中加入150 μL的乳酸菌上清液,每株菌3个重复,37 ℃温箱培养24 h。使用游标卡尺测量抑菌直径。
采用药敏纸片法评估待测菌株的抗生素敏感性。乳酸菌菌液浓度调节同1.5节,使用无菌棉花棒蘸取菌液,将乳酸菌菌液均匀涂在MRS琼脂培养基上,然后将药敏纸片分布均匀地贴于涂布了菌液的培养基上。37 ℃培养24 h后,使用游标卡尺测量抑制圈的直径,根据檀茜倩等[17]使用的判定标准以判断菌株对抗生素的敏感程度。
测定的抗生素包括:四环类抗生素(四环素、强力霉素、米诺环素),氨基糖苷类抗生素(链霉素、卡那霉素、阿米卡星、庆大霉素),青霉素类抗生素(氨苄西林、青霉素),头孢菌素类抗生素(头孢哌酮、头孢曲松、头孢唑林、头孢呋辛钠、头孢嘧啶),糖肽类抗生素(万古霉素),氟喹诺酮类抗生素(恩诺沙星),酰胺醇类抗生素(氯霉素)。
提取3株L. reuteri DNA,采用绝对定量(qPCR)的方法对3株L. reuteri DNA进行5个常见的MGEs基因(intI1intI2tnpA02incP-oriTincW-rep)的定量测定。这些基因可以反映乳酸菌中MGEs的结构特征、功能或转移能力。MGEs标记基因引物见表2。绝对定量试验方法参考Liu等[18]的方法。
使用Microsoft Excel对数据进行初步整理,并利用GraphPad Prism进行统计分析。试验数据通过单因素方差分析进行差异显著性检验,绘图采用GraphPad Prism软件完成。结果以“平均值±标准误”表示,当P<0.05时,差异被认为具有统计学意义。
经MRS培养基分离以及16S rRNA基因测序鉴定,从藏猪的粪样中共分离得到21株乳酸菌,分别为10株非解乳糖链球菌(Streptococcus alactolyticus)、6株罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus reuteri)、3株食淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillus amylovorus)、1株肠膜状明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenteroides)和1株阴道黏液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus vaginalis)。由于本研究只探究乳酸菌,因此后续未对10株非解乳糖链球菌进行生物学特性测定。
测定本研究分离到的11株藏猪源乳酸菌和实验室前期从DLY猪中分离到的4株乳酸杆菌的乳酸产量,结果显示藏猪源罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌L. reuteri T-B5L2乳酸产量最高,为55.80 mmol/L,肠膜状明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenteroides,) T-Y2Z-1乳酸产量最低,为4.44 mmol/L (图1)。乳酸是乳酸菌发挥益生作用的重要基础,由于L. reuteri T-B5L2乳酸产量最高,因此本研究进一步分析其益生特性。为了进一步确认产乳酸能力与其益生特性是否呈现正相关关系,因此本研究进一步分析了7株L. reuteri的乳酸产量差异(图1中带横纹的柱子)。结果显示,L. reuteri T-B5L2乳酸产量显著高于其他6株L. reuteri (P<0.05),其中L. reuteri D-109-1、L. reuteri T-Z1Y2和L. reuteri T-Z5Y这3株菌之间乳酸产量无显著差异,且显著高于L. reuteri T-YH4L、L. reuteri T-B5L1和L. reuteri T-Y2Z1。因此,后续研究从产乳酸能力不同的3个梯度的L. reuteri中各选1株进行后续研究所选菌株为:产酸最多的L. reuteri T-B5L2、产酸居中的L. reuteri D-109-1和产酸偏低的L. reuteri T-B5L1。
三株菌生长速度相似,均在接种4 h后进入对数期,在18 h后进入稳定期。20-22 h时,L. reuteri D-109-1的OD600值高于L. reuteri T-B5L1 (P<0.05);24 h时,L. reuteri T-B5L2和L. reuteri D-109-1的OD600值均高于L. reuteri T-B5L1 (P<0.05,图2)。
生化鉴定结果表明(表3),3株菌均能利用麦芽糖、蔗糖、棉子糖和乳糖。
耐酸试验结果表明(图3),当pH 3.0时,L. reuteri T-B5L2的生长比例最高,显著高于L. reuteri T-B5L1 (P<0.05)。当pH 2.0时,3株菌的生长比例相较pH 3.0时均有所下降,且3株菌间无显著差异。耐胆盐试验结果表明,当培养基中含有0.1%胆盐时,3株菌均有较高的生长比例,其中L. reuteri T-B5L2的生长比例最高;随着胆盐浓度的提高,当培养基中含有0.3%胆盐时,3株菌的生长比例均下降,且不存在显著差异。
三株菌对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基(OH·)均有一定的清除能力,但未表现出存在显著差异。然而,L. reuteri T-B5L2表现出更高的清除能力趋势(图4)。
三株菌抑制SC 13312生长的能力均强于抑制E. coli K88 1526的能力。进一步比较3株菌,发现L. reuteri T-B5L2抑制2株致病菌的能力均最强(P<0.05)。L. reuteri T-B5L1和L. reuteri D-109-1抑制E. coli K88 1526的能力无显著差异,但L. reuteri D-109-1抑制SC 13312的能力显著高于L. reuteri T-B5L1 (图5)。
检测3株L. reuteri对17种抗生素(7类抗生素)的敏感性。结果表明3株菌均对四环类抗生素、氨基糖苷类抗生素和糖肽类抗生素具有抵抗力,对青霉素类、头孢菌素类抗生素较敏感,对酰胺醇类抗生素中度敏感。其中L. reuteri T-B5L2对头孢菌素类的4种抗生素的敏感性与其他2株菌存在差异(表4)。
对5个MGEs标记基因(intI1intI2tnpA02incP-oriTincW-rep)在3株L. reuteri上进行绝对定量(图6)。H2O的基因拷贝数作为对照,结果显示不同菌株的MGEs基因拷贝数存在差异,其中L. reuteri T-B5L2在intI1intI2incW-repincP-oriT这4个基因的丰度上高于L. reuteri D-109-1和L. reuteri T-B5L1 (P<0.05)。在tnpA02基因上,3株菌的基因拷贝数与H2O的检测值相近,说明3株菌可能均不含该基因。
本研究共分离到21株乳酸菌,其中链球菌10株,所占比例最高,但由于链球菌普遍不作为益生菌,因此本研究未对其进行深入研究。此外,本研究还分离到1株L. mesenteroides T-Y2Z-1,但该菌通常分离自发酵食品和植物[19]。因此,推测L. mesenteroides T-Y2Z-1可能是通过食源性摄入进入肠道的过路菌,而非肠道原籍菌。
乳酸菌的主要代谢特性是通过发酵碳水化合物产生乳酸[20],且乳酸菌发挥抑菌作用与乳酸浓度密切相关[21]。此外,Lee等[22]研究发现乳酸能够促进肠道干细胞介导的上皮发育。因此,本研究通过比较菌株之间的乳酸产量差异筛选乳酸菌进行生物学特性测定。结果显示,L. reuteri菌株之间的乳酸产量存在显著差异,这可能是因为不同L. reuteri菌株在基因组成上存在差异,特别是在碳水化合物代谢相关基因方面,这些差异可能导致不同菌株在产酸能力上的不同[23-24]。测定结果显示藏猪源L. reuteri T-B5L2的乳酸产量最高。为了使后续指标结果更具可比性,仅选择L. reuteri进行后续试验。大量文献也表明,L. reuteri是一种具有潜力的益生菌[25-27],因此选择L. reuteri具有重要意义。
作为益生菌,L. reuteri需要具备肠道耐受性才能到达肠道发挥作用[28]。因此,本研究检测了乳酸菌的耐酸和耐胆盐能力。结果表明L. reuteri T-B5L2的耐酸和耐胆盐能力均较强,说明其在肠道中具有更强的耐受性和存活能力。
乳酸菌对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基(OH·)的清除能力可反映其抗氧化能力[29]。本研究表明,相较于清除羟基自由基,3株L. reuteri对DPPH自由基的清除能力更强。相关研究表明,乳酸菌的抗氧化能力主要与其细胞膜成分和胞内抗氧化物质有关[30]。推测L. reuteri T-B5L2能够产生抗氧化物质。
E. coil K88和沙门氏菌是导致猪腹泻的常见致病菌因此,本研究检测了乳酸菌上清液对这2种致病菌的抑制能力。结果表明,在3株菌中,L. reuteri T-B5L2的抑菌能力最强,且其抑制SC 13312的能力强于抑制E. coli K88 1526,这与此前的研究结果一致[31]。推测L. reuteri T-B5L2的抑菌能力强可能与其上清液中乳酸含量高有关。
随着抗生素的大量使用,益生菌的耐药性也引起了关注。因此,本研究检测了3株菌对抗生素的敏感性。结果显示,3株菌对多种抗生素具有抵抗力,这与先前研究中分析益生菌产品和常见益生菌补充剂的耐药基因组结果一致[32]。乳酸菌基因组中普遍含有抗生素耐药基因。益生菌的耐药性是一把双刃剑:一方面,耐药性有助于它们在肠道环境中生存;另一方面,乳酸菌的耐药基因存在水平转移的可能性[33],而耐药基因的转移与细菌基因组中的可移动遗传元件(MGEs)密切相关。本研究进一步检测了3株菌的MGEs,结果显示L. reuteri T-B5L2的MGEs基因最多,说明其转移耐药基因的风险可能最高。与耐药基因类似,可移动遗传元件也是一把“双刃剑”:一方面,它增加了耐药基因转移的风险;另一方面,它也增加了细菌本身对环境的适应性[34],加速了种群的遗传多样性进化,提升了整体适应潜力[35]。目前,许多获批的益生菌膳食补充剂中均含有耐药基因[34],表明在应用时人们更重视益生菌的益生效果,而对耐药基因转移的担忧相对较少。
本研究从藏猪粪便中分离到21株乳酸菌,其中L. reuteri T-B5L2的产酸能力最强。进一步的体外生化特性测定结果显示,该菌生长性能良好,具有耐酸、耐胆盐、抗氧化和抑制病原菌生长的能力,表明L. reuteri T-B5L2是一株具有潜力的益生菌。
作者声明不存在任何可能会影响本文所报告工作的已知经济利益或个人关系。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1600904-3)
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2025年第65卷第7期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250040
  • 接收时间:2025-01-15
  • 首发时间:2026-02-06
  • 出版时间:2025-07-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-15
  • 录用日期:2025-03-20
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National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1600904-3)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1600904-3)
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    南京农业大学 动物科技学院,国家动物消化道营养国际联合研究中心,江苏省消化道营养与动物健康重点实验室,消化道微生物研究室,江苏 南京
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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