Article(id=1226554101702508914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226554095926952065, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240765, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1732809600000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1741622400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-03-11, onlineDate=1770362886118, onlineDateStr=2026-02-06, pubDate=1751558400000, pubDateStr=2025-07-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770362886118, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770362886118, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770362886118, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226554095926952065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='7', pageStart='2771', pageEnd='3233', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770362884741, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770363575040, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226556991309529548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226554095926952065, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226556991309529549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226554095926952065, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2903, endPage=2919, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226554103325704604, articleId=1226554101702508914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Prevention of allergic asthma symptoms in mice by an engineered bacterial strain EcN, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Allergic asthma is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation, often triggered by inhalant allergens such as pet dander and pollen. [Objective] Studies have revealed that helper T cells (Th cells) play a crucial role in the immune regulation of allergic asthma. Particularly, Th2 cells exacerbate airway inflammation by secreting cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5, which promote the proliferation of eosinophils and mast cells. Additionally, the activation of Th17 cells is closely related to the inflammatory response in allergic asthma. Therefore, modulating the balance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells has become an effective strategy for treating allergic asthma. This study explores the pathogenesis of allergic asthma and novel therapeutic approaches. [Methods] We constructed an engineered bacterium EcN canf-1 specifically expressing the dog allergen Canf-1. Using the pBAD promoter, we controlled the expression of Canf-1 in the lungs of mice. [Results] EcN canf-1 exerted immunomodulatory effects by regulating pulmonary cytokine expression profiles, specifically downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-5, and IL-13, while upregulating the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and IL-10, thus alleviating allergic symptoms in the lungs. EcN canf-1 demonstrated remarkable efficacy in suppressing the pathological overexpression of Th2 and Th17 lymphocyte subsets under allergic conditions, while enhancing the functions of Th1 and regulatory T cells. Furthermore, EcN canf-1 significantly reduced pulmonary mast cell infiltration, attenuated vascular permeability, and mitigated allergen-induced hypothermia and airway constriction. These findings demonstrated that EcN canf-1 played a pivotal role in immune homeostasis regulation and represented a promising therapeutic candidate for allergic pulmonary inflammation through its multifaceted modulation of immunological pathways. [Conclusion] EcN canf-1 provides a new therapeutic avenue for allergic asthma by modulating the expression of immune cells and cytokines. This not only offers new insights into the immune mechanisms of allergic asthma but also provides a scientific basis for the development of new targeted biological treatment strategies.

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*E-mail:
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过敏性哮喘是一种常见的慢性炎症性疾病,其特征为气道高反应性和呼吸道炎症,常由吸入性过敏原(如宠物皮屑、花粉等)触发。近年来,研究发现辅助性T细胞(Th细胞)在过敏性哮喘的免疫调节中扮演着关键角色,特别是Th2型细胞通过分泌IL-4、IL-5等细胞因子促进嗜酸性粒细胞和肥大细胞的增殖,从而加剧气道炎症。此外,Th17型细胞的活化也与过敏性哮喘的炎症反应密切相关。因此,调节Th1/Th2和Th17/Treg细胞平衡是治疗过敏性哮喘的有效策略。 【目的】 探讨过敏性哮喘的发病机制及新型治疗方法。 【方法】 构建一种特异性表达狗过敏原Canf-1的工程菌EcN canf-1,通过pBAD启动子在小鼠肺部可控表达Canf-1。 【结果】 EcN canf-1 可调节肺部细胞因子的表达,特别是降低IL-6、IL-5和IL-13的水平,同时上调IFN-γ、TGF-β和IL-10等细胞因子,从而缓解肺部过敏性症状。EcN canf-1 还可下调Th2和Th17细胞在过敏症状下的异常表达,增强Th1和Treg细胞的功能。EcN canf-1 还可减少肺部肥大细胞的数量,降低血管通透性,减轻过敏原引起的体温下降和气道狭窄症状。研究表明,EcN canf-1 在调节免疫反应和缓解过敏性肺部炎症方面具有重要作用。 【结论】 EcN canf-1 通过调节免疫细胞和细胞因子的表达,为过敏性哮喘提供了一种新的治疗途径。这不仅为理解过敏性哮喘的免疫机制提供了新的见解,也为开发新的生物靶向治疗策略提供了科学依据。

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作者贡献声明

朱颖邦:完成实验,实验数据分析;裴业春:构思实验方法;麦艳琪:实验图表处理;柳贤德:实验思路设计。

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The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2003, 198(3): 505-512., articleTitle=A conduit system distributes chemokines and small blood-borne molecules through the splenic white pulp, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227681737027813524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=57, issue=10, pageStart=2269, pageEnd=2279, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=33, authorNames=KEDMI R, LITTMAN DR, journalName=Immunity, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KEDMI R, LITTMAN DR. Antigen-presenting cells as specialized drivers of intestinal T cell functions[J]. 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Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, 2017, 50(1): 112-117., articleTitle=Toll-like receptor 1 N248S polymorphism affects T helper 1 cytokine production and is associated with serum immunoglobulin E levels in Taiwanese allergic patients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227681737241723041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=180, issue=5, pageStart=2848, pageEnd=2854, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=35, authorNames=KENNEDY NORTON S, BARNSTEIN B, BRENZOVICH J, BAILEY DP, KASHYAP M, SPEIRAN K, FORD J, CONRAD D, WATOWICH S, MORALLE MR, KEPLEY CL, MURRAY PJ, RYAN JJ, journalName=Journal of Immunology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KENNEDY NORTON S, BARNSTEIN B, BRENZOVICH J, BAILEY DP, KASHYAP M, SPEIRAN K, FORD J, CONRAD D, WATOWICH S, MORALLE MR, KEPLEY CL, MURRAY PJ, RYAN JJ. IL-10 suppresses mast cell IgE receptor expression and signaling in vitro and in vivo [J]. Journal of Immunology, 2008, 180(5): 2848-2854., articleTitle=IL-10 suppresses mast cell IgE receptor expression and signaling in vitro and in vivo, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227681737359163560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=47, issue=null, pageStart=83, pageEnd=98, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=36, authorNames=KANDIKATTU HK, UPPARAHALLI VENKATESHAIAH S, MISHRA A, journalName=Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KANDIKATTU HK, UPPARAHALLI VENKATESHAIAH S, MISHRA A. Synergy of Interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-18 in eosinophil mediated pathogenesis of allergic diseases[J]. Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, 2019, 47: 83-98., articleTitle=Synergy of Interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-18 in eosinophil mediated pathogenesis of allergic diseases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227681737468215470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=6, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=37, authorNames=VOLLMER CM, DIAS ASO, LOPES LM, KASAHARA TM, DELPHIM L, SILVA JCC, LOURENÇO LP, GONÇALVES HC, LINHARES UC, GUPTA S, BENTO CAM, journalName=Clinical and Translational Allergy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VOLLMER CM, DIAS ASO, LOPES LM, KASAHARA TM, DELPHIM L, SILVA JCC, LOURENÇO LP, GONÇALVES HC, LINHARES UC, GUPTA S, BENTO CAM. Leptin favors Th17/Treg cell subsets imbalance associated with allergic asthma severity[J]. Clinical and Translational Allergy, 2022, 12(6): e12153., articleTitle=Leptin favors Th17/Treg cell subsets imbalance associated with allergic asthma severity, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1227681727997477786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, awardId=32260854, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260854), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1227681728131695521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, awardId=32260854, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(32260854), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1227681718770008540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227681718786785757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, companyId=1227681718770008540, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227681718795174368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, companyId=1227681718770008540, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=海南大学 生命健康学院,海南 海口)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1227681722867843831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Protein expression. A: SDS-PAGE of rCanf-1 protein (The purified single protein band shown in lane 9 after bacterial lysis, ultrafiltration, and purification); B: Western blotting of EcN canf-1 protein (Demonstrating successful secretion of Canf-1 to the extracellular environment by EcN via the pBAD vector); C: Western blotting of EcN canf-1 protein in mouse lung. +: The protein in the respective lane conforms to the characteristics listed in the first column of the table; -: The protein does not conform to these characteristics., figureFileSmall=gKIA1FOPt/F+1ce1SbCxAA==, figureFileBig=0qcywk6n1FAKltWDGFilsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681722997867268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, language=CN, label=图1, caption=蛋白表达。A:rCanf-1重组蛋白凝胶电泳(细菌经超声破碎、超滤和纯化后,单一蛋白在9号泳道中显示);B:EcN canf-1 蛋白免疫印迹(Canf-1成功被EcN通过pBAD载体分泌到菌外);C:小鼠肺部EcN canf-1 蛋白免疫印迹。+:该泳道蛋白符合表格第一列特征;-:该泳道蛋白不符合表格第一列特征。, figureFileSmall=gKIA1FOPt/F+1ce1SbCxAA==, figureFileBig=0qcywk6n1FAKltWDGFilsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681723144667923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=EcN canf-1 alleviates rCanf-1-induced allergic asthma in mice. A: Schematic of the pretreatment process with EcNEmpty and EcN canf-1, and the sensitization of mice; B: Colonization of bacteria in the nasal mucosa, lungs, stomach, small intestine, cecum, and colon; C, D: Penh (enhanced pause) measurements in mice, with statistical analysis of the area under the curve for airway narrowing index; E: Area under the curve for body temperature changes in mice following intravenous allergen injection; F: ELISA analysis of IgG/IgE and IgG2a/IgG1 in mice; G: Even blue ear puncture experiment in mice; H: Statistical analysis of ear puncture area; I: Even blue extravasation values from mouse ears soaked in formamide. Data are presented as mean±SE, ns: No significant difference; *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001; ****: P<0.000 1., figureFileSmall=fV06so9BEkn8Kx33cq59aQ==, figureFileBig=1H4ZNjjOmfjUsaV0YUMtHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681723232748321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, language=CN, label=图2, caption=EcN canf-1 有效减轻rCanf-1引发的小鼠过敏性哮喘, figureFileSmall=fV06so9BEkn8Kx33cq59aQ==, figureFileBig=1H4ZNjjOmfjUsaV0YUMtHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681723337605926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Histological analysis shows EcN canf-1 improves allergic asthma symptoms in mice. A, B: HE staining of mouse lungs; C: Masson’s trichrome staining of mouse lungs; D: PAS staining of mouse lungs; E: Total wall area (Wat)/basal perimeter (Pbm) of bronchi in mouse lungs; F: Smooth muscle area (Wam)/basal perimeter (Pbm); G: Total alveolar wall area; H: Area of Masson’s trichrome staining; I: PAS staining count. Data are presented as mean±SE. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001; ****: P<0.000 1., figureFileSmall=Mo4UN0Tsgk5grs6zgfjCzw==, figureFileBig=8YMKoOBrGulc/kdASM+vPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681723455046446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, language=CN, label=图3, caption=组织学分析显示EcN canf-1 改善小鼠肺部过敏性哮喘症状。A、B:小鼠肺部HE染色;C:小鼠肺部Masson染色;D:小鼠肺部PAS染色;E:小鼠肺部支气管内壁总面积(Wat)/基底周长(Pbm);F:平滑肌面积(Wam)/基底周长(Pbm);G:肺泡壁总面积;H:Masson染色面积;I:PAS染色计数。数据以mean±SE表示。, figureFileSmall=Mo4UN0Tsgk5grs6zgfjCzw==, figureFileBig=8YMKoOBrGulc/kdASM+vPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681726726603579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=EcN canf-1 regulates cytokine expression in the lungs. mRNA expression levels of cytokines in mouse lungs. A: T-bet; B: GATA3; C: TGF-β; D: HL-10; E: IL-6; F: IFN-r; G: IL-4; H: IL-17a; I: Foxp3; J: IL-13; K: IL-5. Data are presented as mean±SEM. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001; ****: P<0.000 1., figureFileSmall=uT3OMbS9oEL530tpxsLypg==, figureFileBig=y9DGu8PEQQ6BNVfv8pMQHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681726919541575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, language=CN, label=图4, caption=EcN canf-1 对肺部细胞因子的调控作用, figureFileSmall=uT3OMbS9oEL530tpxsLypg==, figureFileBig=y9DGu8PEQQ6BNVfv8pMQHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681727083119442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=EcN canf-1 impacts immune cells in the lungs and spleen during allergic asthma. Flow cytometric detection of immune cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: neutrophils (CD11b+Ly6G+) (A, H), eosinophils (CD11b+CCR3+) (B, I), mast cells (CD11b+CD117+) (C, J); Flow cytometric analysis of splenocytes: Th1 cells (CD4+IFN-γ+) (D, K), Th2 cells (CD4+IL-4+) (E, L), Th17 cells (CD4+IL-17A+) (F, M), Treg cells (CD4+Foxp3+) (G, N). Data are presented as mean±SE. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001; ****: P<0.000 1., figureFileSmall=szwA8WZMhosUJ/PZaZZh0Q==, figureFileBig=0lrR+4FwYusIhcQHzW5rXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681727208948572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, language=CN, label=图5, caption=EcN canf-1 在过敏性哮喘中对肺部及脾脏免疫细胞的影响。小鼠肺泡灌洗细胞流式检测:中性粒细胞(CD11b+Ly6G+)(A、H),嗜酸性粒细胞(CD11b+CCR3+)(B、I),肥大细胞(CD11b+CD117+)(C、J);小鼠脾脏细胞流式分析:Th1细胞(CD4+IFN-γ+)(D、K),Th2细胞(CD4+IL-4+)(E、L),Th17细胞(CD4+IL-17A+)(G、N),Treg细胞(CD4+Foxp3+)(F、M)。数据以mean±SE表示。, figureFileSmall=szwA8WZMhosUJ/PZaZZh0Q==, figureFileBig=0lrR+4FwYusIhcQHzW5rXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681727368332138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Correlation analysis between splenic flow cytometry and pulmonary cytokines. Correlation analysis between splenic flow cytometry and pulmonary cytokines, data are presented as mean±SE. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001., figureFileSmall=VUmp5fTe90QTSCI621L30A==, figureFileBig=6a53HzwlKEHeHufWHjQVhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681727481578354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, language=CN, label=图6, caption=脾脏流式细胞与肺部细胞因子相关性分析。脾脏流式细胞与肺部细胞因子相关性分析,数据以平均值±SE表示。, figureFileSmall=VUmp5fTe90QTSCI621L30A==, figureFileBig=6a53HzwlKEHeHufWHjQVhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681727594824574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

qPCR primer sequence[15-18]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
M-IL-4-FGAGCCATATCCACGGATGCGACAA
M-IL-4-RCATGGTGGCTCAGTACTACGAGTA
M-IL-5-FCCCTCATCCTCTTCGTTGCAT
M-IL-5-RATGTGATCCTCCTGCGTCCAT
M-IL-13-FGGCAGCAGCTTGAGCACATT
M-IL-13-RGGCATAGGCAGCAAACCATG
M-IFN-γ-FTCAAGTGGCATAGATGTGGAAGAA
M-IFN-γ-RTGGCTCTGCAGGATTTTCATG
M-Foxp3-FCAGCTGCCTACAGTGCCCCTAG
M-Foxp3-RCATTTGCCAGCAGTGGGTAG
M-IL-17A-FACTACCTCAACCGTTCCACG
M-IL-17A-RAGAATTCATGTGGTGGTCCAG
M-TGF-β-FGAAGGCAGAGTTCAGGGTC
M-TGF-β-RGAAGGCAGAGTTCAGGGTC
M-IL-10-FTCACTCTTCACCTGCTCCAC
M-IL-10-RCTATGCTGCCTGCTCTTACTC
M-IL-6-FCCTTCCTACCCCAATTTCCAAT
M-IL-6-RAACGCACTAGGTTTGCCGAGTA
M-GATA3-FCAGAACCGGCCCCTTATCA
M-GATA3-RACAGTTCGCGCAGGATGTC
M-T-bet-FCCTCTTCTATCCAACCAGTATC
M-T-bet-RCTCCGCTTCATAACTGTGT
M-β-actin-FAGTGTGACGTTGACATCCGTA
M-β-actin-RGCCAGAGCAGTAATCTCCTTCT
), ArticleFig(id=1227681727720653700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554101702508914, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

qPCR引物序列[15-18]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primers namePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
M-IL-4-FGAGCCATATCCACGGATGCGACAA
M-IL-4-RCATGGTGGCTCAGTACTACGAGTA
M-IL-5-FCCCTCATCCTCTTCGTTGCAT
M-IL-5-RATGTGATCCTCCTGCGTCCAT
M-IL-13-FGGCAGCAGCTTGAGCACATT
M-IL-13-RGGCATAGGCAGCAAACCATG
M-IFN-γ-FTCAAGTGGCATAGATGTGGAAGAA
M-IFN-γ-RTGGCTCTGCAGGATTTTCATG
M-Foxp3-FCAGCTGCCTACAGTGCCCCTAG
M-Foxp3-RCATTTGCCAGCAGTGGGTAG
M-IL-17A-FACTACCTCAACCGTTCCACG
M-IL-17A-RAGAATTCATGTGGTGGTCCAG
M-TGF-β-FGAAGGCAGAGTTCAGGGTC
M-TGF-β-RGAAGGCAGAGTTCAGGGTC
M-IL-10-FTCACTCTTCACCTGCTCCAC
M-IL-10-RCTATGCTGCCTGCTCTTACTC
M-IL-6-FCCTTCCTACCCCAATTTCCAAT
M-IL-6-RAACGCACTAGGTTTGCCGAGTA
M-GATA3-FCAGAACCGGCCCCTTATCA
M-GATA3-RACAGTTCGCGCAGGATGTC
M-T-bet-FCCTCTTCTATCCAACCAGTATC
M-T-bet-RCTCCGCTTCATAACTGTGT
M-β-actin-FAGTGTGACGTTGACATCCGTA
M-β-actin-RGCCAGAGCAGTAATCTCCTTCT
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工程菌EcN预防小鼠过敏性哮喘症状研究
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朱颖邦 , 裴业春 , 麦艳琪 , 柳贤德
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(7): 2903-2919
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(7): 2903-2919
工程菌EcN预防小鼠过敏性哮喘症状研究
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朱颖邦, 裴业春, 麦艳琪, 柳贤德
作者信息
  • 海南大学 生命健康学院,海南 海口
Prevention of allergic asthma symptoms in mice by an engineered bacterial strain EcN
Yingbang ZHU, Yechun PEI, Yanqi MAI, Xiande LIU
Affiliations
  • School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
出版时间: 2025-07-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240765
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过敏性哮喘是一种常见的慢性炎症性疾病,其特征为气道高反应性和呼吸道炎症,常由吸入性过敏原(如宠物皮屑、花粉等)触发。近年来,研究发现辅助性T细胞(Th细胞)在过敏性哮喘的免疫调节中扮演着关键角色,特别是Th2型细胞通过分泌IL-4、IL-5等细胞因子促进嗜酸性粒细胞和肥大细胞的增殖,从而加剧气道炎症。此外,Th17型细胞的活化也与过敏性哮喘的炎症反应密切相关。因此,调节Th1/Th2和Th17/Treg细胞平衡是治疗过敏性哮喘的有效策略。 【目的】 探讨过敏性哮喘的发病机制及新型治疗方法。 【方法】 构建一种特异性表达狗过敏原Canf-1的工程菌EcN canf-1,通过pBAD启动子在小鼠肺部可控表达Canf-1。 【结果】 EcN canf-1 可调节肺部细胞因子的表达,特别是降低IL-6、IL-5和IL-13的水平,同时上调IFN-γ、TGF-β和IL-10等细胞因子,从而缓解肺部过敏性症状。EcN canf-1 还可下调Th2和Th17细胞在过敏症状下的异常表达,增强Th1和Treg细胞的功能。EcN canf-1 还可减少肺部肥大细胞的数量,降低血管通透性,减轻过敏原引起的体温下降和气道狭窄症状。研究表明,EcN canf-1 在调节免疫反应和缓解过敏性肺部炎症方面具有重要作用。 【结论】 EcN canf-1 通过调节免疫细胞和细胞因子的表达,为过敏性哮喘提供了一种新的治疗途径。这不仅为理解过敏性哮喘的免疫机制提供了新的见解,也为开发新的生物靶向治疗策略提供了科学依据。

过敏性哮喘  /  益生菌  /  免疫调节  /  辅助性T细胞

Allergic asthma is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation, often triggered by inhalant allergens such as pet dander and pollen. [Objective] Studies have revealed that helper T cells (Th cells) play a crucial role in the immune regulation of allergic asthma. Particularly, Th2 cells exacerbate airway inflammation by secreting cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5, which promote the proliferation of eosinophils and mast cells. Additionally, the activation of Th17 cells is closely related to the inflammatory response in allergic asthma. Therefore, modulating the balance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells has become an effective strategy for treating allergic asthma. This study explores the pathogenesis of allergic asthma and novel therapeutic approaches. [Methods] We constructed an engineered bacterium EcN canf-1 specifically expressing the dog allergen Canf-1. Using the pBAD promoter, we controlled the expression of Canf-1 in the lungs of mice. [Results] EcN canf-1 exerted immunomodulatory effects by regulating pulmonary cytokine expression profiles, specifically downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-5, and IL-13, while upregulating the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and IL-10, thus alleviating allergic symptoms in the lungs. EcN canf-1 demonstrated remarkable efficacy in suppressing the pathological overexpression of Th2 and Th17 lymphocyte subsets under allergic conditions, while enhancing the functions of Th1 and regulatory T cells. Furthermore, EcN canf-1 significantly reduced pulmonary mast cell infiltration, attenuated vascular permeability, and mitigated allergen-induced hypothermia and airway constriction. These findings demonstrated that EcN canf-1 played a pivotal role in immune homeostasis regulation and represented a promising therapeutic candidate for allergic pulmonary inflammation through its multifaceted modulation of immunological pathways. [Conclusion] EcN canf-1 provides a new therapeutic avenue for allergic asthma by modulating the expression of immune cells and cytokines. This not only offers new insights into the immune mechanisms of allergic asthma but also provides a scientific basis for the development of new targeted biological treatment strategies.

allergic asthma  /  probiotics  /  immunomodulation  /  helper T cells
朱颖邦, 裴业春, 麦艳琪, 柳贤德. 工程菌EcN预防小鼠过敏性哮喘症状研究. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (7) : 2903 -2919 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240765
Yingbang ZHU, Yechun PEI, Yanqi MAI, Xiande LIU. Prevention of allergic asthma symptoms in mice by an engineered bacterial strain EcN[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (7) : 2903 -2919 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240765
过敏性哮喘作为呼吸系统常见炎症性疾病,其临床主要表现为咳嗽、呼吸困难等典型症状,常伴发慢性支气管炎及肺纤维化等并发症。该病的致病机制具有多因素特征,其中吸入性过敏原(如动物皮屑、花粉等)引发的IgE介导的Ⅰ型超敏反应是重要诱因[1]
近年来,伴侣动物犬类相关的过敏原暴露问题日益凸显,其唾液、皮屑等分泌物中存在的Canf-1过敏原具有显著致敏性[2]。目前,已鉴定出8种狗过敏原,编号为Canf-1-Canf-8,其中Canf-1是狗最主要的变应原。在对狗过敏原敏感的患者中,约70%的患者对Canf-1表现出阳性过敏反应。Canf-1主要存在于狗的唾液中,并可在狗的皮屑提取物中检测到。空气动力学研究表明,Canf-1的粒径较小,极易在空气中传播,其检测阳性率在养犬家庭可达100%,在非养犬家庭也可达33%[3]。因此,这对过敏性哮喘易感人群构成了重大健康威胁。目前,针对狗过敏的治疗方法主要包括避免过敏原暴露、药物治疗和免疫疗法。避免过敏原暴露法副作用较少,但治疗周期较长且难度较大;药物治疗起效迅速,但可能伴随较多副作用;而免疫疗法则被认为是最为有效的治疗方式[4]
在免疫调控层面,Th2/Th17-Treg/Th1免疫失衡机制是当前研究的重点[5]。研究表明,活化的Th2型细胞能够分泌大量的IL-4、IL-5等细胞因子,这些因子促进嗜酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞等过敏相关细胞的增殖[6]。此外,Th2型细胞还能够调控B细胞向IgE类别的转化。大量生成的IgE与肥大细胞结合,触发脱颗粒反应,进而导致肺部黏液生成、杯状细胞化生及气道高反应性[7]。同时,Th2型细胞能够抑制Th1型细胞,并通过正反馈机制进一步促进过敏反应,从而加剧过敏性哮喘的症状[6]。另一项研究表明,Th17型细胞通过招募中性粒细胞至炎症部位,增强过敏性哮喘的炎症反应,并有效抑制Treg型细胞[8],这一过程同样通过正反馈机制加重过敏性哮喘症状。因此,针对过敏性哮喘的治疗策略应当有效抑制Th2和Th17型细胞的活性,同时激活Th1和Treg型细胞,从而实现治疗效果的优化[9]
在炎症性疾病的研究中,诸如炎症性肠病和过敏性哮喘等疾病的益生菌治疗逐渐受到广泛认可。大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli) Nissle 1917 (EcN)作为益生菌研究的热点,其免疫调节功能已在炎症性肠病模型中得以验证,可通过Foxp3介导的Treg细胞增殖途径发挥抗炎作用[10-11]。此外,另一项研究利用EcN作为载体,将花粉过敏原序列导入EcN中,在小鼠肺部进行原核表达,结果显示,EcN表达的过敏原通过黏膜免疫途径有效缓解过敏性哮喘症状[12]。与舌下免疫疗法和皮下免疫疗法相比,EcN作为黏膜递送载体具有更好的过敏原递送能力[13-14],且价格低廉、构建简便,能够根据患者需求定制不同的过敏原序列,从而实现精准治疗。然而,EcN通过免疫细胞缓解过敏反应的具体机制仍不明确,亟待进一步研究。
本研究构建一种能够特异性表达狗过敏原Canf-1的EcN原核表达载体,并在小鼠诱导过敏症状之前,对其进行改造后的EcN干预。旨在通过EcN调节免疫细胞,缓解小鼠的过敏症状,为后续利用益生菌治疗过敏性哮喘提供新的研究视角。
LB培养基、Roswell Park Memorial Institute-1640 (RPMI-1640)培养基、木精-伊红溶液、丽春红酸性品红-苯胺蓝、碘酸雪夫染色、RIPA裂解液、5×蛋白上样缓冲液(SDS-PAGE)、红细胞裂解液,武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司;MgCl2·CaCl2、乙酰胆碱(ACh)、伊文思蓝、甲酰胺,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;硫酸卡那霉素、isopropyl-β-d-1-thiogalac⁃topyranoside (IPTG)、Ni-NTA 6FF琼脂糖纯化树脂,生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;IgE抗体、IgG抗体、IgG1抗体、IFN-γ流式抗体、IL-4,ThermoFisher Scientific公司;IgG2a抗体;WB一抗anti-6×His tag、WB二抗goat anti-mouse IgG,Abcam公司;氢氧化铝佐剂、PVDF聚偏二氟乙烯膜,Merck公司;SYBR Premix Ex TaqTM II,湖南艾科瑞生物工程有限公司;ECL (增强型化学发光底物试剂)、固定剂、破膜剂,翌圣生物科技(上海)股份有限公司;IL-17流式抗体,Elabscience公司;CD11流式抗体、CCR3流式抗体、B220流式抗体、Ly6G流式抗体、CD117流式抗体、CD4流式抗体、Foxp3流式抗体,BioLegend公司。
通过在pBAD载体的Nco I和Pme I位点进行双酶切,将canf-1基因(GenBank登录号为AF027177)连接到载体中,并以电转法导入EcN菌株以表达Canf-1蛋白。该菌株在Luria-Bertani-Ampicillin (LA)培养基中,于37.5 ℃、220 r/min条件下培养过夜。取200 µL培养过夜的EcN canf-1 菌液加入至10 mL LA培养基中,继续在37.5 ℃、220 r/min条件下培养4.5-5 h,最终以1×109 CFU/30 μL的浓度重悬细菌,得到目的菌液。
取BL21菌株在LB培养基中进行四区划线培养,置于37 ℃培养箱中过夜。挑取单克隆至5 mL LB液体培养基中,在摇床中以37 ℃、200 r/min培养过夜。按1:50比例将过夜菌液加入至250 mL液体培养基中,37 ℃下、200 r/min摇菌1.5-2 h,待OD600达到0.4-0.6时,将细菌转移至预冷的50 mL离心管中,冰上放置10 min。将菌液以4 ℃、4 100 r/min离心10 min,弃上清液,每50 mL培养基加入30 mL预冷的0.1 mol/L MgCl2·CaCl2溶液重悬细菌。再次离心后弃上 清液,每50 mL初始培养基加入2 mL预冷的0.1 mol/L CaCl2溶液重悬。最后,用50%甘油以1:1比例加入菌液中混匀,分装后保存。
取100 μL感受态细胞置于冰上融化,加入2-3 μL pQE80L-canf-1质粒(本实验室提供),混匀后冰上放置30 min。然后在42 ℃金属浴热激45 s,冰上放置2 min。加入500 μL LB培养基,37 ℃、200 r/min振荡1 h。最后将菌液离心,去上清液后,剩余100-200 μL菌液涂布于含卡那霉素抗性的LB培养基上,倒置于培养箱中37 ℃培养12 h。
将BL21 pQE80L-canf-1单菌落挑取至5-10 mL LK (Luria-Bertani-Kana)培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养过夜。按1:50比例将过夜菌液加入新鲜培养基中培养1.5-2 h,当OD600达到0.6-0.8时,按1:1 000比例加入异丙基-β-d-硫代半乳糖苷诱导,持续4-6 h。诱导结束后,以4 ℃、8 000 r/min离心15 min,弃上清液,用10 mL 10 mmol/L非变性裂解液重悬100 mL菌液。以功率40%,超声破碎3 s,停3 s,冰上破碎10 min,共3次。破碎后以4 ℃、8 000 r/min离心15 min,取上清液。用2 mL填充物于纯化柱中,用10 mmol/L咪唑平衡纯化柱,重复3次。将上清液(超滤后)加入纯化柱,重复5次。加入10 mmol/L咪唑洗脱10-15次,洗掉杂蛋白后用250 mmol/L咪唑洗脱蛋白,收集洗脱液15-30 mL。将透析袋煮沸10 min后,加入蛋白溶液,用纯水4 ℃透析,透析后蛋白置于-80 ℃ 2 h以上,冻干后用1.2 mL PBS溶解,测定浓度。
取200 μL甘油菌EcN canf-1 于10 mL LA 培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养过夜。取过夜菌液400 μL于10 mL LA培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养2 h,待OD600为0.6-0.8时,加入200 μL浓度为20%的阿拉伯糖,再于摇床中以37 ℃、200 r/min条件下培养4.5 h。
使用BALB/c小鼠(雌性,SPF级,6-8周龄,体重19-21 g,广州市研成生物科技有限公司提供,用商业化的鼠粮和纯净水进行喂养,每天光照14 h),将小鼠随机分为4组,分别为Control组、PBS/rCanf-1组(致敏组)、EcNEmpty/rCanf-1组(EcNEmpty组)和EcN canf-1 /rCanf-1组(EcN canf-1 组)。每组小鼠数量分别为:Control组12只,致敏组12只,EcNEmpty组与EcN canf-1 组各18只。对Control组与致敏组小鼠进行PBS鼻滴处理,每鼻孔15 μL,共30 μL。对EcNEmpty组和EcN canf-1 组小鼠进行1×109 CFU/30 μL鼻滴,每个鼻孔15 μL,共30 μL。对EcN canf-1 组小鼠进行腹腔注射0.12 g阿拉伯糖配制的PBS溶液。
将100 μg重组蛋白rCanf-1与5 mg氢氧化铝佐剂混合,以100 μL体积对小鼠(动物实验由海南大学动物伦理委员会批准,审批号为HNUAUCC-2024-00061)进行腹腔注射,共注射2次,2次注射间隔1周。最后一次腹腔注射后 1周,进行100 μg/ 100 μL蛋白灌肺处理,每2 d 1次,共3次。
灌肺结束后3-4 d进行肺阻力呼吸测定。乙酰胆碱浓度设定为0、3.125、6.25、12.5、25、50 mg/mL。利用Buxco FinePointe WBP全身体积描记系统测量小鼠气道狭窄指数。
最后一次灌肺结束第4天对小鼠进行眼眶采血,采用ELISA法检测血清中rCanf-1特异性IgE、IgG、IgG1、IgG2a水平。
最后一次灌肺结束后第7天,小鼠接受rCanf-1后进行尾静脉注射过敏原,50 μg/只,体积为200 μL。每5 min利用红外体温探测枪测量小鼠体温,共计时90 min。
体温监测试验结束后1 d,对小鼠尾静脉注射0.5%伊文思蓝200 μL。30 min后,对小鼠进行耳朵点刺实验。蛋白浓度为500 μg/mL,共20 μL过敏原,小鼠每只耳朵10 μL。1 h后对小鼠进行拍照记录。将小鼠耳部组织浸泡于500 μL甲酰胺中,64 ℃孵育48 h,吸取300 μL于630 nm进行分光光度检测。
最后一次灌肺结束后第4天取小鼠肺部,进行组织匀浆后提取mRNA,逆转录后进行qPCR检测。反应体系(20 μL):SYBR Premix Ex Taq™ II 10 μL,上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)各0.4 μL,cDNA模板1 μL,无核酸酶水8.2 μL。反应体系:95 ℃ 30 s;95 ℃ 5 s,60 ℃ 30 s,共40循环;95 ℃ 15 s,60 ℃ 60 s,95 ℃ 15 s。qPCR引物如表1所示。
鼻滴结束后第4天,取小鼠鼻黏膜、肺、胃、盲肠、小肠和结肠,按质量(g):PBS体积(mL)=1:9的比例,在每份组织中加入9倍体积的PBS缓冲液,匀浆后,将鼻黏膜、胃、小肠和结肠组织悬液稀释至10-1和10-2,肺和盲肠的组织悬液稀释至10-2和10-3。取100 µL稀释液涂布于含有氨苄青霉素抗性的LB培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养过夜。肠道内细菌量计算如公式(1)所示。
G=Y×10 Z ×(1+X)×10/X
式中:G为组织所含菌量(g/CFU),X为所取组织质量(g),Y为培养基上的菌落数(colony-forming units, CFU),Z为稀释倍数。
将肺组织在4%多聚甲醛固定液中固定48 h,然后包埋于石蜡块中并制成4 µm厚的切片,用苏木精-伊红溶液、丽春红-酸性品红-苯胺蓝和碘酸雪夫染色法进行染色,随后在显微镜(Leica公司)下进行观察。
收集小鼠肺部组织,按1 g (肺部质量):9 mL (RIPA)的比例覆盖肺部组织。组织匀浆后转移至离心管中,置于冰浴中30 min,其间每10 min用移液器反复吹打1次。30 min后,11 700 r/min离心5 min,收集上清液。按1 mL (5×SDS-PAGE):4 mL (上清液)的比例混匀上清液,100 ℃处理5 min,获得肺部组织样品。
用12%十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离蛋白样品,并转膜至PVDF膜。利用5%脱脂奶粉在室温下封闭2 h。封闭结束后,用一抗在4 ℃孵育过夜,用TBST洗涤,每次10 min,共3次。室温下进行二抗孵育2 h。用TBST洗涤,每次10 min,共3次后加入ECL显色。
最后一次灌肺结束后第4天取小鼠脾脏,将脾脏组织保存于6孔板中,并以1 mL预冷RPMI-1640培养基浸泡。用注射器柱头研磨脾脏细胞,将细胞悬液转移至2 mL离心管中,2 300 r/min离心5 min。弃上清,加入1 mL红细胞裂解液重悬,静置4-5 min,再次离心,弃上清。用1 mL PBS清洗,离心,弃上清。加入500 μL预冷(4 ℃)固定剂,室温孵育10 min后1 000 r/min离心10 min。弃上清,加入PBS后,1 000 r/min离心10 min。弃上清,加入1.5 mL破膜剂后室温孵育10-15 min,1 000 r/min离心5 min。弃上清,按比例稀释抗体后取200 μL重悬细胞,室温孵育30 min后利用流式细胞仪检测。
所有实验均进行了至少3次。统计分析使用Prism 10软件。当4组样本进行统计分析时采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA);当 2组样本进行统计分析时采用t检验(t-test)进行处理。结果以平均值±标准误(SE)表示。 N=3,N代表实验的重复次数,n=6,n代表实验样本量。ns表示无显著差异;*表示P<0.05;**表示P<0.01;***表示P<0.001;****表示P<0.000 1。
本研究成功将狗主要过敏原Canf-1的基因序列克隆至pQE-80L质粒中,并通过热激法转化导入BL21菌株。经IPTG诱导后,在BL21菌株中实现了重组蛋白rCanf-1在BL21菌株高效表达。通过超声破碎和纯化,成功获得高纯度重组蛋白rCanf-1 (图1A)。
canf-1基因序列克隆至pBAD质粒中,并利用阿拉伯糖启动子pBAD在EcN中实现了Canf-1的表达。Western blotting结果显示,工程菌EcN canf-1 能够成功将Canf-1蛋白分泌至菌体外,且阿拉伯糖启动子在体外和体内蛋白表达调控中发挥了显著作用(图1B1C)。
在使用rCanf-1致敏小鼠之前,对小鼠进行EcN canf-1 (1×109 CFU/次)鼻滴预处理,如图2A所示。实验结果表明,EcN canf-1 有效缓解了rCanf-1引起的小鼠过敏性哮喘症状。对小鼠体内细菌的定殖情况进行检测,结果显示EcN canf-1 在肺部的定殖数量多于其他组织(图2B)。小鼠的气道狭窄指数(Penh)测定结果显示,与致敏组相比,EcNEmpty组在氯化乙酰胆碱引起的气道应激反应中有所减轻,但差异不显著;而EcN canf-1 组则显著降低了气道应激反应(图2C2D)。在小鼠过敏状态下的体温监测中,EcN canf-1 预处理显著缓解了过敏状态下体温快速下降的现象,与未接受EcN canf-1 鼻滴干预的小鼠相比差异明显(图2E)。此外,小鼠rCanf-1特异性免疫球蛋白的检测结果表明,EcN canf-1 预处理后,IgG/IgE和IgG2a/IgG1的比值显著上升,说明治疗后小鼠过敏性免疫球蛋白的释放量显著减少(图2F)。伊文思蓝耳朵点刺实验结果表明,与致敏组相比,EcN canf-1 显著减少了伊文思蓝的扩散面积(图2G2H)。
为直观评估小鼠肺部的过敏性症状,本研究对小鼠肺部组织进行了苏木精-伊红(HE)染色分析。HE染色结果显示,在过敏性状态下,小鼠肺部支气管壁(Wat/Pbm)、平滑肌(Wam/Pbm)和肺泡壁均异常增厚。EcNEmpty组显著缓解了肌层、支气管壁和肺泡壁的增厚现象,而EcN canf-1 组对症状的缓解更为显著,且EcN canf-1 组与对照组相比无显著差异(图3A3E3F3G)。
由于炎症反应常伴随胶原蛋白的沉积,Masson染色能够直观地反映过敏症状的严重程度。结果显示,与致敏组相比,EcN canf-1 组的过敏症状得到了显著缓解(图3C3H)。
为研究EcN canf-1 是否能减轻过敏性症状引起的肺部黏液分泌增加症状,本研究对小鼠肺部组织进行了过碘酸雪夫氏(PAS)染色。结果表明,EcN canf-1 组的深紫色着色区域(代表黏液)显著减少,表明EcN canf-1 能够有效减轻肺部黏液分泌的增加现象(图3D3I)。
为研究EcN canf-1 对小鼠肺部细胞因子表达的影响,本研究对相关细胞因子的mRNA水平进行了定量分析。结果显示,促炎细胞因子IL-6在致敏组中显著升高,而在EcN canf-1 处理后显著降低。此外,与嗜酸性粒细胞和肥大细胞活化相关的细胞因子IL-5和IL-13,在致敏组中也显著升高,但在EcN canf-1 干预后显著下降。研究还测定了T辅助细胞相关细胞因子的水平。结果发现,与Th1和Treg相关的细胞因子IFN-γ、T-bet、TGF-β、IL-10和Foxp3在EcN canf-1 鼻滴干预后显著上调,而与Th2和Th17相关的细胞因子IL-4、GATA3、IL-17A则在EcN canf-1 干预后显著下调(图4A-4K)。
为探究细胞因子异常分泌与免疫细胞激 活的关系,本研究对小鼠肺部及免疫细胞中 枢——脾脏进行了流式细胞分析。结果显示,在致敏组中,中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和肥大细胞显著增加。相反,在EcNEmpty和EcN canf-1 处理组中,这3种细胞均显著下降,且EcN canf-1 组的下降更为明显(图5A-5C图5H-5J)。
对脾脏进行流式细胞术分析,结果显示,在致敏组中,Th2和Th17细胞的表达水平升高,而Th1和Treg细胞的表达水平下降。EcN canf-1 干预后,Th1和Treg细胞的表达水平上升,而Th2和Th17细胞的表达水平显著下降(图5D-5G图5K-5N)。
此外,对细胞因子mRNA表达水平与免疫细胞表达情况进行相关性分析,结果显示,高表达水平的免疫细胞,其分泌的细胞因子mRNA表达水平也相应提高。与致敏组相比,EcN canf-1 干预后,T-bet和IFN-γ的表达上升,Th1细胞的表达显著增加;GATA3和IL-4的表达下降,Th2细胞的表达也随之下降;TGF-β、IL-10和Foxp3的表达上升,Treg细胞的表达也随之增加;IL-6和IL-17A的表达下降,Th17细胞的表达也随之减少。这些结果表明,肺部细胞因子的变化对免疫中枢免疫细胞的表达具有显著影响(图6)。
本研究成功构建了一种能够特异性表达狗过敏原Canf-1的工程菌EcN canf-1。该工程菌利用pBAD启动子在小鼠肺部实现可控性表达Canf-1,从而避免Canf-1在小鼠体内被过度原核表达而引发的自身损伤。pBAD系统的核心优势在于其高度严谨的转录调控机制。阿拉伯糖启动子通过AraC蛋白的双重功能实现“开关式”控制:在缺乏阿拉伯糖时,AraC蛋白抑制启动子活性;而诱导后,阿拉伯糖与AraC结合使构象变化,激活转录。Western blotting结果显示,未诱导组未检测到Canf-1蛋白表达,而诱导组呈现清晰的19 kDa目标条带,证明该系统本底泄漏低,调控严格。此外,pelB信号肽的有效表达促进蛋白分泌至EcN外部,确保其能够直接作用于肺部。与Sarate等[19]通过向EcN导入桦树花粉基因,并利用改造EcN有效预防小鼠桦树花粉过敏性哮喘的研究结果相似,本研究表明,EcN canf-1 通过调节免疫细胞和细胞因子的表达,有效缓解小鼠过敏性病症,并为过敏性哮喘提供了一种新的治疗途径。
本研究中,在小鼠进行过敏性诱导前,对小鼠进行EcNEmpty和EcN canf-1 干预,并对小鼠鼻黏膜、肺部、胃、小肠、盲肠及结肠组织进行匀浆和细菌定殖检测实验。研究发现,除小鼠胃部菌量未表现出显著差异外,其他组织中EcN canf-1 组的细菌量均高于EcNEmpty组。EcN在胃部定殖受阻的关键限制因素可能在于胃内极端酸性微环境,胃内通过双重屏障效应——既形成不利于定殖的生理屏障,又通过酸性蛋白酶解效应导致EcN canf-1 分泌蛋白功能失活,这可能是导致组间定殖率差异无统计学意义的根本原因。对于其他部位而言,EcN canf-1 在小鼠体内表达的外源蛋白可能引发了免疫反应,产生了局部轻微的炎症反应。由于EcN具有趋向炎症部位的能力,因而更多的EcN聚集于病灶部位,从而进一步增强了EcN canf-1 对过敏性哮喘的预防效果[20-21]。研究表明,通过活体成像技术,EcN在鼻内应用后短暂分布于呼吸道和肠道,EcN-CBRluc菌株在鼻内一次给药后,于4 d后无法检测到荧光信号,避免长期定殖引发的菌群失调风险[19]。这一特性为其临床安全性提供了重要依据。
本研究通过构建过敏性哮喘动物模型,系统观察了实验动物的气道高反应性、全身过敏反应及局部炎症应答等典型病理特征。采用氯化乙酰胆碱雾化激发实验建立气道高反应模型,结果显示致敏组实验动物呈现显著增强的气道平滑肌收缩反应。通过全身体积描记技术持续监测实验动物呼吸气流信号,经信号转换与解析,可定量评估气道狭窄指数这一关键病理指标。在全身过敏反应模型中,静脉注射特异性过敏原成功诱导实验动物出现过敏性休克样体温波动。此外,耳部皮肤点刺实验证实致敏动物局部血管通透性异常增加[22]。本研究表明,实验动物气道狭窄指数的升高与其呼吸道过敏性病变程度呈显著相关性。组织学分析显示(图3A3B),致敏组小鼠细支气管壁及平滑肌层呈现病理性增厚,导致管腔结构显著狭窄[23]。进一步观察发现,肺泡间隔同样出现增厚现象,伴随炎症介导的肺泡有效面积缩减,尽管存在肺泡代偿性扩张的适应性改变,但仍不足以逆转气道狭窄引发的通气功能障碍。上述气道重塑与肺泡结构异常共同导致气体交换效率下降,迫使实验动物通过增加呼吸频率进行生理性代偿,这一代偿机制可部分解释过敏性哮喘模型中观察到的呼吸急促加重与气道痉挛增强等特征性临床表现。研究结果显示,EcN canf-1 有效缓解肺部炎症引起的组织异常现象,这种缓解能力与细胞炎症因子IL-6、IL-4分泌下降和中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞减少有关[24-25]。在Masson染色结果分析中也得到相似的结果,EcN canf-1 组显著减少了炎症引起的胶原蛋白沉积[26]。此外,PAS染色结果显示,EcN canf-1 组显著减少了支气管内黏液的积累和杯状细胞的增生[27]
研究表明,在过敏反应过程中,肥大细胞活化释放的类胰蛋白酶可作用于下丘脑体温调节中枢,干扰正常体温调控信号,导致实验动物出现特征性体温下降现象。为模拟临床过敏原暴露过程,实验组通过尾静脉注射重组Canf-1蛋白(rCanf-1)建立急性过敏模型。实验数据显示,EcN canf-1 干预可有效缓解致敏动物抗原激发后的体温波动。进一步机制研究表明,EcN canf-1 处理能显著抑制Th2型细胞因子IL-5和IL-13在肺组织中的异常高表达,并通过调控肥大细胞活化途径减少肺组织肥大细胞浸润[28]。这种免疫调节效应在局部过敏反应模型中也得到验证:耳部皮肤点刺实验显示,EcN canf-1 干预显著减少伊文思蓝外渗,其作用机制与调控肥大细胞脱颗粒过程、减少组胺等血管活性物质释放有关,从而有效维持血管内皮屏障完整性。上述结果系统阐释了EcN canf-1 通过调节肥大细胞与T淋巴细胞交互作用改善过敏性体温异常与血管渗漏的病理过程[29]
在肺部的细胞因子分析中发现,EcN canf-1 组中IFN-γ、TGF-β和IL-10的mRNA表达显著上升,而IL-6和IL-17A的mRNA表达显著下降。这些细胞因子与T辅助细胞的分化密切相关。此外,已有研究表明,细胞因子通过血液运输在体内发挥作用,从而调节免疫反应[30-31]。细胞因子在到达脾脏后能够调节免疫细胞的分化。流式细胞术实验结果表明,在肺部细胞因子的影响下,EcN canf-1 组中的Th1和Treg细胞显著上升,而Th2和Th17细胞则显著下降。研究表明,Th1和Treg细胞在过敏性哮喘的调节中发挥重要作用。Th1细胞通过抑制Th2分泌的IL-5和IL-13,从而减轻哮喘症状;同时,Th1分泌的IFN-γ能够抑制IL-4介导的IgE合成,进一步缓解过敏反应[32, 33]。Treg细胞分泌的IL-10对IgE也具有显著的抑制作用[34]。在实验中对小鼠血清免疫球蛋白的检测结果显示,EcN canf-1 组中IgG/IgE的比值显著上升,这一现象与Th1和Treg细胞表达量的显著上升密切相关。此外,辅助性T细胞分泌的细胞因子还能调控肥大细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞的生长发育。IL-5和IL-13由肥大细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞分泌[35],并通过这些细胞因子影响其生长与发育。因此,Th1和Treg细胞通过下调Th2分泌的IL-5、IL-13、IL-4等细胞因子的水平,从而抑制嗜酸性粒细胞和肥大细胞的增殖与分化,最终有效缓解过敏性哮喘症状[36]
综上所述,本研究构建的EcN canf-1 通过调节Th1/Th2及Th17/Treg的平衡,显著下调与过敏性哮喘密切相关的中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和肥大细胞的表达,从而有效缓解了小鼠的过敏性哮喘症状。
作者声明不存在任何可能会影响本文所报告工作的已知经济利益或个人关系。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32260854)
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240765
  • 接收时间:2024-11-29
  • 首发时间:2026-02-06
  • 出版时间:2025-07-04
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-29
  • 录用日期:2025-03-11
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National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260854)
国家自然科学基金(32260854)
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    海南大学 生命健康学院,海南 海口
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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