Article(id=1226554099886375124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226554095926952065, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250051, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1737043200000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1741622400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-03-11, onlineDate=1770362885685, onlineDateStr=2026-02-06, pubDate=1751558400000, pubDateStr=2025-07-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770362885685, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770362885685, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770362885685, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226554095926952065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='7', pageStart='2771', pageEnd='3233', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770362884741, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770363575040, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226556991309529548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226554095926952065, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226556991309529549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226554095926952065, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3208, endPage=3220, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226554101115306317, articleId=1226554099886375124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Fermentation condition optimization and biocontrol effect determination of Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii YC25, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To improve the fermentation performance by optimizing the fermentation medium and conditions of Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii YC25, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the subsequent industrial development and application of the strain. [Methods] With the spore yield as the indicator, the optimal fermentation conditions were screened by single factor tests. On this basis, the response surface methodology was employed to optimize the fermentation medium. Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the control effects of the optimized fermentation broth on tobacco black shank and tobacco Fusarium root rot. [Results] The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows: 30 ℃, 180 r/min, an inoculation amount of 2%, a liquid-loading volume of 20%, and fermentation time 36 h. The optimum fermentation medium was as follows: corn starch 15.53 g/L, soybean meal 8.70 g/L, KH2PO4 0.50 g/L, MgSO4 0.92 g/L, and CaCO3 0.50 g/L. Under these conditions, the spore yield reached 1.423 3×1010 CFU/mL. The results of pot experiments showed that the control effects of the fermentation broth diluted by 20 times on tobacco black shank and tobacco Fusarium root rot were 77.88% and 62.09%, respectively. [Conclusion] The optimized medium could significantly increase the spore yield of strain YC25, and the disease indexes of tobacco black shank and tobacco Fusarium root rot were significantly reduced after the application of YC25 fermentation broth. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of the biocontrol strain YC25 and the prevention and control of field diseases in the future.

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*E-mail: CAO chunxia,
HUANG Daye,
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#These authors contributed equally to this work.

, authorsList=Xiao WEI, Yanyan LI, Qinfeng YUAN, Jingwu YAO, Daye HUANG, Chunxia CAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1226554104525275668, articleId=1226554099886375124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=枯草芽孢杆菌斯氏亚种YC25发酵条件优化及防效测定, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】 通过优化枯草芽孢杆菌斯氏亚种YC25的发酵培养基及培养条件,提高其发酵水平,为后续该菌株的工业开发及应用提供理论基础。 【方法】 以芽孢产量为指标,通过单因素试验筛选出最适的培养条件,在此基础上进行响应面分析,优化出最佳发酵培养基配方。采用盆栽防效试验测定优化后发酵液对烟草黑胫病和烟草镰孢菌根腐病的防治效果。 【结果】 最佳发酵培养条件:30 ℃、180 r/min、接种量2%、装液量20%、发酵时间36 h。最佳发酵培养基组分:玉米淀粉15.53 g/L,豆粕粉8.70 g/L,KH2PO4 0.50 g/L,MgSO4 0.92 g/L,CaCO3 0.50 g/L。在此条件下,芽孢产量为1.423 3×1010 CFU/mL。盆栽试验结果表明:稀释20倍的发酵液对烟草黑胫病的防效为77.88%,对烟草根腐病的防效为62.09%。 【结论】 优化后的培养基能显著增加菌株YC25的芽孢量,并且施用YC25发酵液后,烟草黑胫病菌及根腐病菌病情指数显著降低,该研究为今后生防菌株YC25的菌剂开发生产及田间病害防治提供理论依据。

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作者贡献声明

危潇:实验操作及初稿撰写;黎妍妍:数据分析及论文修改;袁勤峰:协助培养基配制及无菌实验材料准备;姚经武:协助盆栽试验的植株培育及材料准备;黄大野:论文选题构思设计;曹春霞:协助论文修改及润色。

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The biocontrol strain GDND-2 of tobacco Fusarium root rot: identification and control effect[J]. 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language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Growth curves of strain YC25., figureFileSmall=ZkbyJyi5j6Wm2jHdczMOyg==, figureFileBig=CzslHRpc7B8sLjYMJJ2F3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681721760547461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=CN, label=图1, caption=菌株YC25生长曲线, figureFileSmall=ZkbyJyi5j6Wm2jHdczMOyg==, figureFileBig=CzslHRpc7B8sLjYMJJ2F3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681721919931027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Effects of different temperature (A), rotation speed (B), inoculation amount (C) and liquid volume (D) on spore yield. Different lowercase letters on the figure indicate significant differences (P<0.05)., figureFileSmall=F/SnI/08kGeuvnIrrky5cw==, figureFileBig=wWZwMxSqPVtNgF9EA7hY6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681722020594338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同温度(A)、转速(B)、接种量(C)、装液量(D)对芽孢产量的影响, figureFileSmall=F/SnI/08kGeuvnIrrky5cw==, figureFileBig=wWZwMxSqPVtNgF9EA7hY6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681722125451950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Response surface (A) and contour (B) analysis of corn starch and soybean meal on spore yield., figureFileSmall=2kictwOkuMolNDG2/HQA1Q==, figureFileBig=FQvU8/Hz0s67vVGOemsjWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681722226115256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=CN, label=图3, caption=玉米淀粉与豆粕粉对芽孢产量的响应曲面(A)和等高线(B)分析, figureFileSmall=2kictwOkuMolNDG2/HQA1Q==, figureFileBig=FQvU8/Hz0s67vVGOemsjWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681722360332999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Response surface (A) and contour (B) analysis of corn starch and magnesium sulfate on spore yield., figureFileSmall=z3igI1jEzRA3wx12AphNuQ==, figureFileBig=9bcwTRZw0puma2WjsR4Igg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681722490356436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=CN, label=图4, caption=玉米淀粉与硫酸镁对芽孢产量的响应曲面(A)和等高线(B)分析, figureFileSmall=z3igI1jEzRA3wx12AphNuQ==, figureFileBig=9bcwTRZw0puma2WjsR4Igg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681722603602653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Response surface (A) and contour (B) analysis of soybean meal and magnesium sulfate on spore yield., figureFileSmall=Xiui5JLFt6+YXRRMgw0baA==, figureFileBig=YGn/H1i/3x/M3fBo6osXqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681722716848871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=CN, label=图5, caption=豆粕粉与硫酸镁对芽孢产量的响应曲面(A)和等高线(B)分析, figureFileSmall=Xiui5JLFt6+YXRRMgw0baA==, figureFileBig=YGn/H1i/3x/M3fBo6osXqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681722825900786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factors and levels of Plackett-Burman experiment

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LevelsFactors (g/L)
ABCDE
-115.0010.000.250.300.30
125.0020.000.750.700.70
), ArticleFig(id=1227681722897203964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

PB试验因素水平表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LevelsFactors (g/L)
ABCDE
-115.0010.000.250.300.30
125.0020.000.750.700.70
), ArticleFig(id=1227681722997867269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Factors and levels of Box-Behnken experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LevelsFactors (g/L)
ABD
-112.507.500.64
015.0010.000.78
117.5012.500.92
), ArticleFig(id=1227681723111113484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Box-Behnken试验因素水平表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LevelsFactors (g/L)
ABD
-112.507.500.64
015.0010.000.78
117.5012.500.92
), ArticleFig(id=1227681723215971099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The design and result of Plackett-Burman experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
RunFactors (g/L)

Spore yield

(×1010 CFU/mL)

ABCDE
1-11-1-1-10.816 7
21-11-1-11.136 7
3-1-1-1-1-11.193 3
4111-110.840 0
511-11-10.956 7
6-111-110.946 7
7-1-1-1111.666 7
8-1111-11.120 0
911-1111.083 3
101-111-11.180 0
111-1-1-111.196 7
12-111111.340 0
), ArticleFig(id=1227681723299857186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

PB试验设计及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
RunFactors (g/L)

Spore yield

(×1010 CFU/mL)

ABCDE
1-11-1-1-10.816 7
21-11-1-11.136 7
3-1-1-1-1-11.193 3
4111-110.840 0
511-11-10.956 7
6-111-110.946 7
7-1-1-1111.666 7
8-1111-11.120 0
911-1111.083 3
101-111-11.180 0
111-1-1-111.196 7
12-111111.340 0
), ArticleFig(id=1227681723413103403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of variance of the results of PB experiment design

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SourceSSFreedomMSF valueP value
Model5 553.1051 110.6218.810.001 3
A899.001899.0015.220.008 0
B3 446.7613 446.7658.370.000 3
C0.188 3010.188 300.003 20.956 8
D2 020.1012 020.1034.210.001 1
E865.241865.2414.650.008 7
Residual354.30659.05
Total5 907.4011
R2=0.940 0 Adj R2=0.890 0
), ArticleFig(id=1227681726680466230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

PB试验方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SourceSSFreedomMSF valueP value
Model5 553.1051 110.6218.810.001 3
A899.001899.0015.220.008 0
B3 446.7613 446.7658.370.000 3
C0.188 3010.188 300.003 20.956 8
D2 020.1012 020.1034.210.001 1
E865.241865.2414.650.008 7
Residual354.30659.05
Total5 907.4011
R2=0.940 0 Adj R2=0.890 0
), ArticleFig(id=1227681726827266880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Design and results of the steepest climb experiments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
RunA (g/L)B (g/L)D (g/L)

Spore yield

(×1010 CFU/mL)

120.0015.00.501.116 7
217.5012.50.641.150 0
315.0010.00.781.290 0
412.507.500.921.143 3
510.005.001.061.134 0
), ArticleFig(id=1227681726923735880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

最陡爬坡试验设计及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
RunA (g/L)B (g/L)D (g/L)

Spore yield

(×1010 CFU/mL)

120.0015.00.501.116 7
217.5012.50.641.150 0
315.0010.00.781.290 0
412.507.500.921.143 3
510.005.001.061.134 0
), ArticleFig(id=1227681727129256793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

The design and results of Box-Behnken experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
RunFactors (g/L)

Spore yield

(×1010 CFU/mL)

ABD
10111.310 0
20-1-11.306 7
30001.343 3
40001.356 7
5-1011.326 7
61101.250 0
7-1101.323 3
80001.353 3
90001.326 7
100001.343 3
1110-11.246 7
12-10-11.303 3
131011.350 0
141-101.320 0
15-1-101.310 0
1601-11.266 7
170-111.370 0
), ArticleFig(id=1227681727250891621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

Box-Behnken试验设计及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
RunFactors (g/L)

Spore yield

(×1010 CFU/mL)

ABD
10111.310 0
20-1-11.306 7
30001.343 3
40001.356 7
5-1011.326 7
61101.250 0
7-1101.323 3
80001.353 3
90001.326 7
100001.343 3
1110-11.246 7
12-10-11.303 3
131011.350 0
141-101.320 0
15-1-101.310 0
1601-11.266 7
170-111.370 0
), ArticleFig(id=1227681727380915053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Analysis of variance of the results of Box-Behnken experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SourceSSFreedomMSF valueP value
Model5 553.1051 110.6218.810.000 7
A11.66111.668.660.021 6
B30.69130.6922.800.002 0
D68.04168.0450.530.000 2
AB17.35117.3512.880.008 9
AD15.96115.9611.850.010 8
BD1.0011.000.740.417 3
A226.85126.8519.940.002 9
B214.53114.5310.790.013 4
D26.8216.825.070.059 1
Residual9.4271.35
Lack of fit3.9731.320.972 00.488 7
Pure error5.4541.36
Total207.4416
R2=0.954 6 Adj R2=0.896 2
), ArticleFig(id=1227681727502549878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

Box-Behnken试验方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SourceSSFreedomMSF valueP value
Model5 553.1051 110.6218.810.000 7
A11.66111.668.660.021 6
B30.69130.6922.800.002 0
D68.04168.0450.530.000 2
AB17.35117.3512.880.008 9
AD15.96115.9611.850.010 8
BD1.0011.000.740.417 3
A226.85126.8519.940.002 9
B214.53114.5310.790.013 4
D26.8216.825.070.059 1
Residual9.4271.35
Lack of fit3.9731.320.972 00.488 7
Pure error5.4541.36
Total207.4416
R2=0.954 6 Adj R2=0.896 2
), ArticleFig(id=1227681727607407492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Control effect of fermentation products of strain YC25 on Phytophthora nicotianae in pot experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TreatmentDisease index (%)Control effect (%)
CK51.36±4.08a-
T111.36±2.26d77.88±5.14a
T220.00±9.95b55.23±3.74c
T317.78±5.34c65.38±12.14b
), ArticleFig(id=1227681727741625226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

菌株YC25发酵物对烟草疫霉的盆栽防治效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TreatmentDisease index (%)Control effect (%)
CK51.36±4.08a-
T111.36±2.26d77.88±5.14a
T220.00±9.95b55.23±3.74c
T317.78±5.34c65.38±12.14b
), ArticleFig(id=1227681727875842963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Control effect of fermentation products of strain YC25 on Fusarium oxysporum in pot experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TreatmentDisease index (%)Control effect (%)
CK95.36±1.97a-
T135.27±3.28d62.09±2.75a
T242.18±3.87c55.79±3.64b
T345.31±4.20b52.48±5.73c
), ArticleFig(id=1227681727997477784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554099886375124, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

菌株YC25发酵物对尖孢镰刀菌的盆栽防治效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TreatmentDisease index (%)Control effect (%)
CK95.36±1.97a-
T135.27±3.28d62.09±2.75a
T242.18±3.87c55.79±3.64b
T345.31±4.20b52.48±5.73c
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枯草芽孢杆菌斯氏亚种YC25发酵条件优化及防效测定
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危潇 1 , 黎妍妍 2 , 袁勤峰 3 , 姚经武 3 , 黄大野 3 , 曹春霞 3
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(7): 3208-3220
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(7): 3208-3220
枯草芽孢杆菌斯氏亚种YC25发酵条件优化及防效测定
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危潇1, 黎妍妍2, 袁勤峰3, 姚经武3, 黄大野3 , 曹春霞3
作者信息
  • 1.湖北工业大学 生命科学与健康工程学院,湖北 武汉
  • 2.湖北省烟草科学研究院,湖北 武汉
  • 3.湖北省生物农药工程研究中心,国家生物农药工程技术研究中心,湖北 武汉
Fermentation condition optimization and biocontrol effect determination of Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii YC25
Xiao WEI1, Yanyan LI2, Qinfeng YUAN3, Jingwu YAO3, Daye HUANG3 , Chunxia CAO3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
  • 2.Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
  • 3.National Biopesticide Engineering Research Center, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Wuhan, Hubei, China
出版时间: 2025-07-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250051
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【目的】 通过优化枯草芽孢杆菌斯氏亚种YC25的发酵培养基及培养条件,提高其发酵水平,为后续该菌株的工业开发及应用提供理论基础。 【方法】 以芽孢产量为指标,通过单因素试验筛选出最适的培养条件,在此基础上进行响应面分析,优化出最佳发酵培养基配方。采用盆栽防效试验测定优化后发酵液对烟草黑胫病和烟草镰孢菌根腐病的防治效果。 【结果】 最佳发酵培养条件:30 ℃、180 r/min、接种量2%、装液量20%、发酵时间36 h。最佳发酵培养基组分:玉米淀粉15.53 g/L,豆粕粉8.70 g/L,KH2PO4 0.50 g/L,MgSO4 0.92 g/L,CaCO3 0.50 g/L。在此条件下,芽孢产量为1.423 3×1010 CFU/mL。盆栽试验结果表明:稀释20倍的发酵液对烟草黑胫病的防效为77.88%,对烟草根腐病的防效为62.09%。 【结论】 优化后的培养基能显著增加菌株YC25的芽孢量,并且施用YC25发酵液后,烟草黑胫病菌及根腐病菌病情指数显著降低,该研究为今后生防菌株YC25的菌剂开发生产及田间病害防治提供理论依据。

枯草芽孢杆菌  /  发酵优化  /  响应面法  /  防治效果

[Objective] To improve the fermentation performance by optimizing the fermentation medium and conditions of Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii YC25, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the subsequent industrial development and application of the strain. [Methods] With the spore yield as the indicator, the optimal fermentation conditions were screened by single factor tests. On this basis, the response surface methodology was employed to optimize the fermentation medium. Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the control effects of the optimized fermentation broth on tobacco black shank and tobacco Fusarium root rot. [Results] The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows: 30 ℃, 180 r/min, an inoculation amount of 2%, a liquid-loading volume of 20%, and fermentation time 36 h. The optimum fermentation medium was as follows: corn starch 15.53 g/L, soybean meal 8.70 g/L, KH2PO4 0.50 g/L, MgSO4 0.92 g/L, and CaCO3 0.50 g/L. Under these conditions, the spore yield reached 1.423 3×1010 CFU/mL. The results of pot experiments showed that the control effects of the fermentation broth diluted by 20 times on tobacco black shank and tobacco Fusarium root rot were 77.88% and 62.09%, respectively. [Conclusion] The optimized medium could significantly increase the spore yield of strain YC25, and the disease indexes of tobacco black shank and tobacco Fusarium root rot were significantly reduced after the application of YC25 fermentation broth. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of the biocontrol strain YC25 and the prevention and control of field diseases in the future.

Bacillus subtilis  /  fermentation condition optimization  /  response surface methodology  /  control effect
危潇, 黎妍妍, 袁勤峰, 姚经武, 黄大野, 曹春霞. 枯草芽孢杆菌斯氏亚种YC25发酵条件优化及防效测定. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (7) : 3208 -3220 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250051
Xiao WEI, Yanyan LI, Qinfeng YUAN, Jingwu YAO, Daye HUANG, Chunxia CAO. Fermentation condition optimization and biocontrol effect determination of Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii YC25[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (7) : 3208 -3220 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250051
芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)是一类广泛存在于自然界中的细菌,具有繁殖速度快、营养要求简单、抗菌谱广等特点,因而在植物病害防治中被广泛应用[1-3]。枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)是芽孢杆菌属的一种,是一种普遍存在于土壤和植物根际的革兰氏阳性细菌,因其能产生耐热、耐旱、抗紫外线和有机溶剂的内生孢子而受到人们广泛关注,并被认为是理想的生防菌株[4]。枯草芽孢杆菌主要包括枯草亚种(B. subtilis subsp. subtilis)、斯氏亚种(B. subtilis subsp. spizizenii)、沙漠亚种(B. subtilis subsp. inaquosorum)和粪便亚种(B. subtilis subsp. stercoris)等[5],其中前3个亚种在植物保护领域均有相关研究报道[6-8]。枯草芽孢杆菌主要通过竞争作用、分泌抗菌物质以及诱导植物抗病性等途径发挥生物防治功能。目前,已有大量研究报道枯草芽孢杆菌在多种植物病害防治中的应用。侯凯丽等[9]发现枯草芽孢杆菌WR发酵菌液及其50倍稀释液对采后番茄果实灰霉病的发生均具有100%的保护作用。邱一埔等[10]研究发现枯草芽孢杆菌H6-1对香蕉枯萎病、炭疽病和桉树枯萎病病原菌具有良好的抑制效果,抑制率分别为87.13%、70.37%和81.34%。Yang等[11]发现枯草芽孢杆菌JNF2能促进黄瓜生长,且盆栽试验表明其对镰孢菌枯萎病的防治效果达(81.33±0.21)%。这些研究进一步强调了枯草芽孢杆菌作为生物防治剂的应用潜力。
本实验室前期从烟草根际土壤中分离到1株枯草芽孢杆菌斯氏亚种(B. subtilis subsp. spizizenii),本研究以YC25为研究对象,采用单因素试验和响应面分析相结合的方法对菌株YC25的发酵培养条件和发酵培养基进行优化,并对发酵产物进行烟草黑胫病和根腐病的盆栽防效检验,旨在为其后续的扩大生产和产业化应用提供理论基础。
枯草芽孢杆菌斯氏亚种YC25由本研究自主分离获得,烟草疫霉(Phytophthora nicotianae)和尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)由湖北省生物农药工程研究中心提供。
LB固体培养基(g/L):胰蛋白胨 10.0,氯化钠10.0,酵母提取物5.0,琼脂粉18.0。
LB液体培养基(g/L):胰蛋白胨 10.0,氯化钠10.0,酵母提取物5.0。
PDA培养基(g/L):去皮马铃薯200.0,葡萄糖20.0,琼脂18.0。
PDB培养基(g/L):去皮马铃薯200.0,葡萄糖20.0。
V8培养基(g/L):V8汁220.0,碳酸钙2.0,琼脂18.0。
发酵初始培养基(g/L):玉米淀粉20.0,豆粕粉15.0,KH2PO4 0.5,MgSO4 0.5,CaCO3 0.5。
将斜面保存的菌种YC25在LB固体培养基上进行划线培养,待长出单菌落后,用接种针挑取单菌落接种至LB液体培养基中,28 ℃、180 r/min振荡培养18 h即为种子液,后续用于发酵条件研究。
将活化好的种子液按1%接种量在LB液体培养基中(40%装液量) 28 ℃、180 r/min振荡培养,每隔6 h进行取样,测定其吸光度OD600和芽孢产量。以培养时间为横坐标,OD600和芽孢产量为纵坐标,绘制其生长曲线。
将发酵稀释液于80 ℃水浴20 min杀死其中的营养体[12],再利用稀释涂布平板计数法[13]测定。
将活化好的种子液按照1.3节的培养条件培养,将温度分别设置为20、25、30、35、40 ℃,发酵30 h后测定芽孢数。
将活化好的种子液按照1.3节的培养条件培养,将转速分别设置为120、150、180、210、240 r/min,发酵30 h后测定芽孢数。
将活化好的种子液按照1.3节的培养条件培养,将接种量分别设置为1%、2%、3%、4%、5%,发酵30 h后测定芽孢数。
将活化好的种子液按照1.3节的培养条件培养,将装液量分别设置为20%、30%、40%、50%、60%,发酵30 h后测定芽孢数。
以玉米淀粉(A)、豆粕粉(B)、磷酸二氢钾(C)、硫酸镁(D)、碳酸钙(E)共5种因素进行Plackett-Burman试验设计,5因子2水平的PB试验因素水平表如表1所示,筛选影响芽孢发酵产量的显著影响因子。
根据Plackett-Burman试验得出的拟合方程对确定的3个显著因素进行最陡爬坡试验设计,利用拟合方程中各变量系数确定爬坡方向和变化步长。
选取玉米淀粉(A)、豆粕粉(B)、硫酸镁(D)作为关键因素,运用Box-Behnken试验设计方法,构建3因素3水平的响应面模型,进一步优化菌株YC25的发酵培养基配方,试验因素与水平见表2
将尖孢镰孢菌菌饼接种于PDB培养基中,28 ℃、180 r/min避光培养7 d,使用纱布过滤掉发酵液中的菌丝,用无菌水调节孢子液浓度为1×107 CFU/mL备用。
将烟草疫霉菌饼接种于V8培养基平板中,光照培养14 d,用无菌水将病原菌菌丝及孢子从平板上洗脱下来,过滤掉发酵液中的菌丝后,放入4 ℃冰箱中处理30 min,再在常温下放置20 min,促进菌丝释放游动孢子,调节成1×106 CFU/mL孢子悬浮液备用。
选取长势较为一致的6叶期烟苗进行试验,采用刺伤灌根的方式进行接种,每株烟苗接种20 mL菌液,共分为4个处理,分别为CK:无菌水对照;T1:稀释20倍发酵液;T2:稀释50倍发酵液;T3:商品菌剂太抗-枯芽春(芽孢杆菌微胶囊剂,稀释100倍)。每个处理3个重复,每个重复15株烟苗。施药48 h后,接种病原菌的孢子悬浮液,每株接种5 mL。在接种后15 d统计烟草黑胫病的结果,20 d后统计烟草根腐病的结果。烟草黑胫病分级标准参照《烟草病虫害分级及调查方法》(GB/T 23222—2008)[14],烟草根腐病发病分级则参考《烟草病虫害分级及调查方法》(GB/T 23222—2008)和刘利佳[15]的方法。计算发病率,病情指数和防治效果,如公式(1)-(3)所示。
发病率=发病株数/调查总株数×100%
病情指数=(病级×该级病株)病级最高×调查总株×100%
防治效果=对照组病情指-处理组病情指对照组病情指×100%
采用Origin 2021软件进行作图绘制,利用Design-Expert 12.0软件进行响应面设计和数据分析,并使用IBM SPSS Statistics 26软件对试验结果进行方差分析。
根据绘制的生长曲线(图1),菌株YC25在前6 h处于迟滞期,6 h后进入对数生长期,18 h后进入稳定期,36 h后进入衰亡期。因此,选择18 h作为菌株种子液的培养时间,此时菌株处于对数期,代谢旺盛且生理特性稳定。芽孢产量在前12 h缓慢增长,在12-24 h快速增长,36 h时达到峰值。因此,选择36 h作为后续发酵的最佳时间。
图2A可知,随着温度的升高,芽孢的产量呈现先上升后下降的趋势。过低或过高的温度均会影响芽孢的形成。温度过高,与菌体细胞生长相关的蛋白质和酶的活性可能会下降;温度过低,又会导致菌体生长代谢变缓,从而影响芽孢的产量。在30 ℃时的芽孢产量最大,能达到127×108 CFU/mL。因此,选择30 ℃作为后续的发酵培养条件。
图2B可知,当转速在120-180 r/min时,芽孢的产量随着转速的提高增加。在180 r/min时,芽孢的产量最大;超过180 r/min后,芽孢产量随着转速的提高逐渐降低。分析认为,转速较低时,随着转速的增加,溶氧和营养物质传递效率提高,从而提高了芽孢的产量;而超过最适转速后,由于溶氧过饱和或代谢产物抑制等因素,可能会导致菌体自溶,芽孢产量又逐渐下降。因此,选择转速为180 r/min作为后续的发酵培养条件。
图2C可知,接种量为1%时,芽孢产量较低;接种量为2%-5%时,芽孢产量无显著差异。推测菌株YC25的产孢效率在较宽接种量范围内具有稳定性。在接种量为2%时,其芽孢数量最多。因此,选择2%的接种量作为后续的发酵培养条件。
图2D可知,随着装液量的增加,芽孢产量整体呈下降趋势。在装液量为20%时的芽孢产量最大,但在装液量为40%时,芽孢产量较30%有所增加,推测可能是40%装液量时振荡作用改善了氧气传递效率,抵消了装液量增加带来的溶氧下降。此外,在40%装液量下可能稀释了抑制性代谢产物,缓解了对菌体的生长抑制,从而促进芽孢形成。最终选择20%的装液量作为后续的发酵培养条件。
在单因素筛选的发酵条件基础上,根据Plackett-Burman (PB)试验设计,在发酵36 h时取样测定芽孢产量作为响应值,其试验结果和方差分析见表3表4。通过Design Expert 12软件对结果进行拟合,得到拟合方程为:Y=115.350 59-8.793 92A-18.263 55B+0.127 258C+13.182 26D+8.627 26E。玉米淀粉(A)、豆粕粉(B)系数为负数,说明其与响应值呈负相关;磷酸二氢钾(C)、硫酸镁(D)、碳酸钙(E)系数为正数,说明其与响应值呈正相关。方差分析结果表明模型的P值为0.001 3 (P<0.01)(表4),说明该模型影响非常显著。ABDE项均为差异非常显著(P<0.01),C项为差异不显著。其中玉米淀粉(A)、豆粕粉(B)和硫酸镁(D) 3个因素的P值最小,说明这3个因素对菌株YC25的芽孢产量的影响最显著。因此选取这3个因素作为显著影响因素。根据F值大小,三者显著影响的大小顺序为:豆粕粉(B)>硫酸镁(D)>玉米淀粉(A)。
在PB试验基础上进行最陡爬坡试验,以PB试验设计的中心点作为步移的起点,最陡爬坡试验设计及结果如表5所示。由表5可知,产孢量最高值出现在第3组实验,因此采用玉米淀粉为15.00 g/L,豆粕粉10.00 g/L,硫酸镁0.78 g/L作为后续Box-Behnken试验的中心点。
Box-Behnken试验设计及结果和方差分析如表6表7所示。应用Design Expert 12软件拟合得到非线性回归方程为:Y=-21.185 18+10.518 24A+11.273 33B+50.803 07D-0.333 2 AB+5.707 14AD-1.428 57BD-0.404 027A2- 0.297 227B2 -64.932 14D2。回归模型P值=0.000 7< 0.001,表明模型极显著,且足以研究变量与响应之间的相关性,失拟项P值=0.488 7>0.05,表明失拟项不显著,拟合情况可靠,说明模型不存在失拟现象。R2=0.954 6,Adj R2=0.896 2,两者差值小于0.2,表明此模型可以应用于理论预测,且各因素的影响非简单线性关系。回归方程显著性差异分析显示,BDD2P值>0.05,为不显著;AADB2P值小于0.05,为显著;BABA2P值小于0.01,为非常显著;DP值小于0.001,为极显著。
用Design-Expert 12软件绘制拟合三因素之间交互作用的三维曲面图和等高线图,各因素交互对芽孢产量的影响如图3-5所示。通过响应曲面与等高线图的展示,可直观呈现交互效应对响应值的量化影响。当曲面陡峭且等高线分布密集时,表明影响因素的作用强度显著提升。若等高线呈现出近似椭圆的几何特征,则反映2个变量间存在较强的交互作用关系。由曲面图和等高线图可知,3个因素间两两交互的影响效果均显著,均有明显的坡度和最高点,代表响应值存在最大值。由F值可知,交互作用强弱为AB>AD>BD
通过Design-Expert 12软件分析预测,得到菌株YC25最优发酵培养基组分为:玉米淀粉(A) 15.53 g/L、豆粕粉(B) 8.70 g/L、硫酸镁(D) 0.92 g/L。此时的芽孢产量达到最大,预测值为1.371 7×1010 CFU/mL。针对最佳培养基配方进行了3次重复性验证试验,在此条件下的芽孢数量为1.423 3×1010 CFU/mL,基本符合模型预测值,验证了模型的稳定性和准确性。
盆栽试验表明,菌株YC25发酵液能降低烟草黑胫病及烟草根腐病的病情指数。20倍稀释液对烟草黑胫病的防治效果为(77.88±5.14)% (表8),对烟草根腐病的防治效果为(62.09±2.75)% (表9)。50倍稀释液对烟草黑胫病和烟草根腐病的防治效果分别为(55.23±3.74)%和(55.79±3.64)%。与商品菌剂太抗-枯芽春相比,20倍发酵稀释液在烟草黑胫病和烟草根腐病的防治效果上更优。
枯草芽孢杆菌作为一种重要的微生物资源,在多个应用领域得到广泛应用。由于其对繁殖营养条件需求简单,分裂生长速度较快,因此易于培养[16]。同时,其能够利用多种碳源和氮源进行代谢活动,相对降低了生产成本[17]。目前,对于枯草芽孢杆菌的应用主要作为工程菌株进行发酵扩大生产[18]。近年来关于枯草芽胞杆菌在农业方向的研究不断扩大,在生物防治、果蔬保鲜[19-20]、促生[21-23]等方面都出现了报道,具有广阔的应用前景。
芽孢杆菌产生的芽孢具有极强的抗逆作用,这对于芽孢杆菌的工业化生产具有推动作用[24]。现阶段,针对枯草芽孢杆菌的微生物发酵研究,国内外学者主要致力于优化培养条件以提升目标产物的合成效率。例如,金桩等[25]采用单因素结合正交试验优化枯草芽孢杆菌-MBS的生产工艺参数,使得其芽孢产量提高至2.83×1010个/mL。刘晓霞等[26]采用单因素结合响应面分析优化枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC 6051发酵条件,最终使其对立枯丝核菌的抑菌率从27.32%提高至52.57%。陈莉等[27]通过单因素试验及正交试验对枯草芽孢杆菌K-6-9进行发酵条件优化,优化后芽孢产量为1.40×109 CFU/mL,相对于初始发酵培养基的芽孢量提高了2.55×103倍。
优化发酵工艺的主要手段包括优化发酵培养基配方和改进发酵条件等。通过优化实验可以确定最适宜微生物生长繁殖的营养组分比例及培养条件,从而有效提高产物的产量并降低发酵原辅料成本[28]。在对培养条件的改进上,本研究选择了温度、接种量、装液量及转速4个条件。其中,温度影响其生长繁殖过程中的蛋白质和酶的合成与活性,接种量会改变枯草芽孢杆菌的生长代谢途径,装液量和转速会影响培养基体积内的溶氧系数。由于枯草芽孢杆菌为好氧菌,因此氧气会在生长中扮演重要角色。本研究通过单因素试验发现,菌株YC25在温度30 ℃、180 r/min、接种量2%、装液量20%的条件下,其芽孢产量值最高,其结果与陈莉等[27]和兰成忠等[29]优化后的培养条件相似。在对发酵培养基的优化上,选择使用响应面分析方法来进行优化,该法可通过构建模型对不同因子水平及交互作用进行优化,快速有效地确定其最佳培养基[30]。枯草芽孢杆菌对碳源和氮源的利用范围较广,可以利用多种有机物和无机物作为碳源和氮源进行生长繁殖。同时为了后续的产业化开发,本研究的碳源和氮源选择了易获取的农副产品,以玉米淀粉和豆粕粉作为碳源和氮源,这与前人研究对枯草芽孢杆菌发酵培养基中碳源、氮源的研究结果一致,只是由于不同亚种对营养的利用率不同,在玉米淀粉和豆粕粉的用量上有所不同[31-32]。同时,在无机盐的选择上,本研究以磷酸二氢钾[33]、硫酸镁[34]和碳酸钙[35]为无机盐的组成。通过响应面分析优化后发现玉米淀粉、豆粕粉和硫酸镁对芽孢的形成影响最大,其中硫酸镁与芽孢产量呈正相关,说明更高的Mg2+浓度会提高发酵液中的芽孢产量,这与Posada-Uribe等[36]和郑双凤等[37]研究枯草芽孢杆菌发酵时得出的结论一致。最终确定最佳发酵培养基组分:玉米淀粉15.53 g/L,豆粕粉8.70 g/L,KH2PO4 0.50 g/L,MgSO4 0.92 g/L,CaCO3 0.50 g/L。利用优化所得到的培养基配方和培养条件进行菌株YC25发酵,最终芽孢数量为1.423 3×1010 CFU/mL,其芽孢的产量与模型预测值非常接近,这也证明了响应面方法优化发酵培养基的可靠性。Yánez-Mendizábal等[38]利用大豆粉与糖蜜发酵枯草芽孢杆菌CPA-8,最大生物量达3×109 CFU/mL。Rao等[39]利用乳糖、木薯淀粉、(NH4)2SO4、蛋白胨作为培养基碳、氮源,发酵后芽孢产量达5.93×109 CFU/mL。Zhang等[40]以玉米粉和黄豆粉作为生防芽孢杆菌Z-14的碳、氮源,芽孢产量达1.85×109 CFU/mL。曲远航等[41]以玉米淀粉和糖蜜作为碳源、花生饼粉和蛋白胨作为氮源,最终芽孢产量达6.92×109 CFU/mL。与上述研究相比,本研究所用发酵培养基配制简单,并且发酵的芽孢产量更高,更适于在生产中应用。何明川等[42]发现贝莱斯芽孢杆菌MC2-1的1×108 CFU/mL发酵液对烟草黑胫病的盆栽试验平均防效为63.92%。刘芳等[43]优化贝莱斯芽孢杆菌YC11发酵培养基后,其5倍发酵稀释液对烟草黑胫病的平均防效为84.06%。张蒙蒙等[44]使用贝莱斯芽孢杆菌YCYM-09对烟草黑胫病防治效果为61.50%。沈会芳等[45]使用贝莱斯芽孢杆菌GDND-2发酵液处理15 d,对烟草根腐病的防效为70.00%。本研究利用优化培养基制备的发酵液,其20倍稀释液对烟草黑胫病和烟草根腐病的防治效果分别达到了77.88%和62.09%,与上述研究结果相比,表明菌株YC25具有较好的防效,可为烟草病害的防治提供安全高效的生物防控产品,但其发酵液中具体的抑菌成分未知,需要进一步的研究和探索。
本研究通过对枯草芽孢杆菌斯氏亚种YC25的发酵工艺和培养基进行优化,显著提高了其芽孢产量,并验证了其在烟草病害防治中具有良好应用效果,生防性能优于对照商品菌剂。与现有研究相比,本研究的优化培养基配方成分简单且价格低廉,适应工业生产,并且在芽孢产量和生物防治效果方面表现出较高的效率和应用潜力。然而,本研究仅针对摇床条件下的培养基成分及培养参数开展了优化工作,该菌株的孢子生成能力仍需在发酵罐体系中进行深入验证与评估。
作者声明不存在任何可能会影响本文所报告工作的已知经济利益或个人关系。
  • 中国烟草总公司湖北省公司科技项目(2025KY3CGJSYN2A010)
  • 中国烟草总公司重大科技项目[110202201019 (LS-03)]
  • 农业农村部重点实验室建设项目(2018ZTSJJ4)
  • 湖北省农业科技创新中心创新团队项目(2021-620-000-001-027)
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2025年第65卷第7期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250051
  • 接收时间:2025-01-17
  • 首发时间:2026-02-06
  • 出版时间:2025-07-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-17
  • 录用日期:2025-03-11
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Scientific and Technelogical Project of Hubei Branch of China Tobacco Corporation(2025KY3CGJSYN2A010)
中国烟草总公司湖北省公司科技项目(2025KY3CGJSYN2A010)
Major Scientific and Technological Project of China Tobacco Corporation (110202201019(LS-03))
中国烟草总公司重大科技项目[110202201019 (LS-03)]
Key Laboratory Construction Project of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(2018ZTSJJ4)
农业农村部重点实验室建设项目(2018ZTSJJ4)
Hubei Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center Innovation Team Project(2021-620-000-001-027)
湖北省农业科技创新中心创新团队项目(2021-620-000-001-027)
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    1.湖北工业大学 生命科学与健康工程学院,湖北 武汉
    2.湖北省烟草科学研究院,湖北 武汉
    3.湖北省生物农药工程研究中心,国家生物农药工程技术研究中心,湖北 武汉
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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