Article(id=1226554098925875224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226554095926952065, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1735747200000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1739721600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-02-17, onlineDate=1770362885457, onlineDateStr=2026-02-06, pubDate=1751558400000, pubDateStr=2025-07-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770362885457, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770362885457, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770362885457, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226554095926952065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='7', pageStart='2771', pageEnd='3233', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770362884741, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770363575040, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226556991309529548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226554095926952065, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226556991309529549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226554095926952065, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3221, endPage=3233, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226554099223670811, articleId=1226554098925875224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Application and detection condition optimization of a fluorescent recombinase-aided amplification method for field detection of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in prawn, columnId=1194702985843413943, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Technology and Method, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To develop a new and rapid fluorescent recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) method for the detection of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), one of the major pathogens restricting the development of the prawn farming industry. [Methods] Multiple pairs of RAA primers were designed based on the highly conserved 18S rRNA gene of EHP, and the primers with the highest amplification efficiency were screened by basic RAA and fluorescent RAA. The reaction system and conditions of fluorescent RAA were then optimized. The optimization results showed that the developed method achieved detection at 37 ℃ within 20 min. Finally, the sensitivity, specificity, precision, stability, and actual sample application of the developed fluorescent RAA method were evaluated. [Results] The fluorescent RAA method had high specificity and was only sensitive to EHP, and it had no response to other pathogens causing mixed infection or secondary infection. Moreover, it had high sensitivity and high precision, with the limit of detection being 5 copies/μL and the coefficient of variation less than 5% for repeat test results. The lyophilized premix of primers and probe demonstrated good stability. It can be stably transported, used, and stored for 10 d at room temperature (25 °C) and 5 d at the high temperature (37 °C) in summer, with the shelf life longer than one year at -20 ℃. Additionally, the detection results of ninety clinical samples of prawn by the developed method were consistent with those obtained by the fluorescence quantitative PCR method recommended by fishery industry standard Code of Diagnosis for Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei Disease (SC/T 7232—2020), with the result coincidence rate of 97.78% (88/90). In addition, the fluorescent RAA method showed the sensitivity of 100.00% (30/30) and the specificity of 96.67% (58/60). [Conclusion] The established fluorescent RAA method has the characteristics of rapid detection, simple operation, high sensitivity, high specificity, high precision, and good stability, providing a technical reference for the field rapid detection of EHP. It has a wide market application prospect in the accurate and rapid detection of aquatic diseases.

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*E-mail: WU Qin,
CHENG Changyong,
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【目的】 针对制约对虾养殖业发展的重要病原之一的虾肝肠胞虫(Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei, EHP)建立一种新的荧光重组酶聚合酶扩增(recombinase aided amplification, RAA)快速检测技术。 【方法】 以EHP的高保守性基因18S rRNA为检测靶基因,设计多对RAA引物,通过基础型RAA和荧光型RAA筛选出核酸扩增效率最高的引物组合。在此基础上,对荧光型RAA的扩增体系和扩增条件进行优化。优化结果显示,本方法在37 ℃、20 min即可完成检测。随后,对方法的灵敏度、特异性、精密度、稳定性及实际样本应用情况进行评估。 【结果】 本方法特异性高,仅对EHP敏感,对其他与EHP混合或继发感染的病原无反应。灵敏度高,最低检出限为5 copies/μL。精密度高,重复性结果的变异系数小于5%。预混引物探针的原位冻干检测试剂稳定性良好,在室温(25 ℃)和夏日高温(37 ℃)条件下分别可稳定运输、使用和保藏10 d和5 d,在-20 ℃条件下保质期超过1年。本方法对90份对虾临床样品的检测结果与水产行业标准SC/T 7232—2020推荐的荧光定量PCR方法一致,检测符合率为97.78% (88/90),灵敏度为100.00% (30/30),特异度为96.67% (58/60)。 【结论】 本研究建立的EHP荧光RAA方法具有快速、操作简便、高灵敏度、高特异性、高精密度、良好稳定性等特点,可为EHP的现场快速检测提供技术参考,在水产疫病精准快速检测中具有广阔的市场应用前景。

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作者贡献声明

林淦:全程实验操作过程、数据收集和处理、论文撰写;王佳慧:数据收集和处理;雷晨曦:协助质粒构建实验操作;付玉和:协助荧光RAA反应体系构建实验操作;谢铭:提供技术支持;李俊峰:协助荧光RAA方法性能评估实验操作;孙静:提供技术支持;宋厚辉:论文修改;程昌勇:研究构思和设计;吴芹:研究构思和设计,参与论文讨论。

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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2022, 12: 1013016., articleTitle=A modification of nested PCR method for detection of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) in giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227681745269617354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=45, issue=6, pageStart=761, pageEnd=769, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=34, authorNames=ZHANG H, GONG HY, CAO WW, QUE MY, YE L, SHI L, journalName=Journal of Fish Diseases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG H, GONG HY, CAO WW, QUE MY, YE L, SHI L. Duplex droplet digital PCR method for the detection of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei and Vibrio parahaemolyticus acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease[J]. Journal of Fish Diseases, 2022, 45(6): 761-769., articleTitle=Duplex droplet digital PCR method for the detection of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei and Vibrio parahaemolyticus acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227681745340920525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=46, issue=2, pageStart=137, pageEnd=146, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=35, authorNames=HU KS, LI Y, WANG F, LIU JY, LI YY, ZHAO Q, ZHENG XY, ZHU NY, YU XP, FANG SH, HUANG J, journalName=Journal of Fish Diseases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU KS, LI Y, WANG F, LIU JY, LI YY, ZHAO Q, ZHENG XY, ZHU NY, YU XP, FANG SH, HUANG J. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based microfluidic chip for triplex detection of shrimp pathogens[J]. Journal of Fish Diseases, 2023, 46(2): 137-146., articleTitle=A loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based microfluidic chip for triplex detection of shrimp pathogens, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1227681745412223696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=23, issue=12, pageStart=2778, pageEnd=2788, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=36, authorNames=XIE M, CHEN TL, CAI ZW, LEI B, DONG C, journalName=Lab on a Chip, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE M, CHEN TL, CAI ZW, LEI B, DONG C. A digital microfluidic platform coupled with colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification for on-site visual diagnosis of multiple diseases[J]. Lab on a Chip, 2023, 23(12): 2778-2788., articleTitle=A digital microfluidic platform coupled with colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification for on-site visual diagnosis of multiple diseases, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1227681739598918140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, awardId=2023YFD1801000, language=EN, fundingSource=National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1801000), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1227681739720552965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, awardId=2023YFD1801000, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1801000), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1227681739871547913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, awardId=2021LFR044, language=EN, fundingSource=Zhejiang A&F University Talents Starting Program(2021LFR044), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1227681739980599822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, awardId=2021LFR044, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江农林大学科研发展基金(2021LFR044), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1227681740098040340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, awardId=2024R412B056, language=EN, fundingSource=Science and Technology Activity and New Talent Program for Undergraduate of Zhejiang Province(2024R412B056), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1227681740202897948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, awardId=2024R412B056, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省大学生科技活动计划暨新苗人才计划(2024R412B056), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1227681726726598684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227681726734987294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, companyId=1227681726726598684, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, the Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for One Health and Food Safety, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227681726743375903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, companyId=1227681726726598684, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.浙江农林大学 动物医学院,浙江省畜禽绿色生态健康养殖应用技术研究重点实验室,动物健康互联网检测技术浙江省工程研究中心,浙江省动物医学与健康管理国际科技合作基地,“一带一路”同一健康和食品安全国际联合实验室,中澳动物健康大数据分析联合实验室,浙江 杭州)]), AuthorCompany(id=1227681726902759467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227681726911148077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, companyId=1227681726902759467, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Zhejiang Ling Yu Bio-Sci&Tech Co. , Ltd. , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1227681726919536685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, companyId=1227681726902759467, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.浙江领与生物科技有限公司,浙江 杭州)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1227681736549659031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=PCR identification results of recombinant plasmid. A: PCR identification results of EHP 18S rRNA fragment (Lane M: DL2000 DNA marker; Lane 1: Amplification product of EHP 18S rRNA gene fragment; Lane 2: Negative control); B: Identification results of recombinant plasmid pUC57-18S rRNA (Lane M: DL15000 DNA marker; Lane 1: Recombinant plasmid pUC57-18S rRNA; Lane 2: Negative control); C: PCR identification results of positive clonal strain (Lane M: DL2000 DNA marker; Lane 1: Positive clonal strain; Lane 2: Negative control)., figureFileSmall=uZCF1funshzpzTo6hO0pfw==, figureFileBig=ZS7zu9l1yMGnJGjhBxsacw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681736662905244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, language=CN, label=图1, caption=重组质粒的PCR鉴定结果。A:EHP 18S rRNA片段的PCR鉴定结果(泳道M:DL2000 DNA marker;泳道1:EHP 18S rRNA基因片段的扩增产物;泳道2:阴性对照);B:重组质粒pUC57-18S rRNA的鉴定结果(泳道M:DL15000 DNA marker;泳道1:重组质粒pUC57-18S rRNA;泳道2:阴性对照);C:阳性克隆菌株的PCR鉴定结果(泳道M:DL2000 DNA marker;泳道1:阳性克隆菌株;泳道2:阴性对照)。, figureFileSmall=uZCF1funshzpzTo6hO0pfw==, figureFileBig=ZS7zu9l1yMGnJGjhBxsacw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681736809705893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Screening results of different combinations of RAA primers. A: Screening results of basic RAA (Marker: Standard control; NC: Negative control); B: Screening results of fluorescent RAA., figureFileSmall=5MlJl+i9CsU+ia7O6ZZnOQ==, figureFileBig=akjO8C7jVW/mUWOkWjjnTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681736893591979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, language=CN, label=图2, caption=RAA引物不同组合的筛选结果。A:基础型RAA筛选结果(Marker:标准对照;NC:阴性对照);B:荧光型RAA筛选结果。, figureFileSmall=5MlJl+i9CsU+ia7O6ZZnOQ==, figureFileBig=akjO8C7jVW/mUWOkWjjnTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681737019421106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Optimization results for reaction system and reaction conditions of fluorescent RAA. A: Optimization results of probe usage; B: Optimization results of primer usage; C: Optimization results of reaction temperature; D: Optimization results of reaction time., figureFileSmall=UDJUasZX+F3zQgBVGpZnIA==, figureFileBig=GCf8bUfRXKlbt/36HRIdCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681737145250233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, language=CN, label=图3, caption=荧光型RAA反应体系和反应条件的优化结果。A:探针使用量的优化结果;B:引物使用量的优化结果;C:反应温度的优化结果;D:反应时间的优化结果。, figureFileSmall=UDJUasZX+F3zQgBVGpZnIA==, figureFileBig=GCf8bUfRXKlbt/36HRIdCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681737241719234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Performance evaluation results of the present method. A: Evaluation results for sensitivity; B: Evaluation results for specificity; C-E: Evaluation results for stability of 25, 37 and -20 ℃, respectively., figureFileSmall=Uew5Xk/06g16ynpLbQJEpA==, figureFileBig=Ui2CAixvt7cvI0EmMS5DXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681737367548362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, language=CN, label=图4, caption=本方法性能评估结果。A:灵敏度评估结果;B:特异性的评估结果;C-E:稳定性评估结果。, figureFileSmall=Uew5Xk/06g16ynpLbQJEpA==, figureFileBig=Ui2CAixvt7cvI0EmMS5DXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1227681737510154703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sequence of primers and probes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sequences nameSequences (5′→3′)
EHP-RAA-PATGGTGGATGCTGCAGTTAAAGGGTCCG[FAM-dT]A[THF][BHQ-dT]CGTAGATGCAATTA
EHP-RAA-F1GAAACGTGAGTAGAAGGGTCGAGTGTAAA
EHP-RAA-F2CAGTTATGAAACGTGAGTAGAAGGGTCG
EHP-RAA-F3AGCAGCCGCGGTAATTCCAACTCCAAGAGT
EHP-RAA-F4TCCACTCTTTTGGGAGGAGACAGTTATG
EHP-RAA-R1GTCTTGAGATTTCATTCTTTGCCCACCTATAC
EHP-RAA-R2CAAACTCAATGGCTTTTAACACCACCTT
EHP-RAA-R3GATTTCATTCTTTGCCCACCTATACCAT
EHP-RAA-R4CGCTACTCTCAACAAACTCAATGGCTTT
EHP-F157*AGTAAACTATGCCGACAA
EHP-R157*AATTAAGCAGCACAATCC
TapMan probeFAM-TCCTGGTAGTGTCCTTCCGT-TAMRA
), ArticleFig(id=1227681738747474388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

引物和探针序列表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sequences nameSequences (5′→3′)
EHP-RAA-PATGGTGGATGCTGCAGTTAAAGGGTCCG[FAM-dT]A[THF][BHQ-dT]CGTAGATGCAATTA
EHP-RAA-F1GAAACGTGAGTAGAAGGGTCGAGTGTAAA
EHP-RAA-F2CAGTTATGAAACGTGAGTAGAAGGGTCG
EHP-RAA-F3AGCAGCCGCGGTAATTCCAACTCCAAGAGT
EHP-RAA-F4TCCACTCTTTTGGGAGGAGACAGTTATG
EHP-RAA-R1GTCTTGAGATTTCATTCTTTGCCCACCTATAC
EHP-RAA-R2CAAACTCAATGGCTTTTAACACCACCTT
EHP-RAA-R3GATTTCATTCTTTGCCCACCTATACCAT
EHP-RAA-R4CGCTACTCTCAACAAACTCAATGGCTTT
EHP-F157*AGTAAACTATGCCGACAA
EHP-R157*AATTAAGCAGCACAATCC
TapMan probeFAM-TCCTGGTAGTGTCCTTCCGT-TAMRA
), ArticleFig(id=1227681738923635165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Reproducibility evaluation results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

样品浓度

Sample concentration

20个样本Ct

Ct values of twenty samples

CV值

CV values (%)

50 copies/uL11.810.911.911.612.84.7
11.012.111.311.611.4
11.511.612.512.311.2
11.712.212.111.012.6
), ArticleFig(id=1227681739074630118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

重现性评估结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

样品浓度

Sample concentration

20个样本Ct

Ct values of twenty samples

CV值

CV values (%)

50 copies/uL11.810.911.911.612.84.7
11.012.111.311.611.4
11.511.612.512.311.2
11.712.212.111.012.6
), ArticleFig(id=1227681739208847851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Application results of actual samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

方法

Method

阳性样本数/例

Number of positive samples/case

阴性样本数/例

Number of negative samples/case

阳性率Positive rate (%)

符合率

Compliance rate (%)

灵敏度

Sensitivity (%)

特异性

Specificity (%)

荧光定量PCR方法

Fluorescence quantitative PCR method

306033.33

97.78

(88/90)

100.00

(30/30)

96.67

(58/60)

荧光RAA方法

Fluorescent RAA detection method

325835.55
), ArticleFig(id=1227681739351454192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226554098925875224, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

实际样本应用结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

方法

Method

阳性样本数/例

Number of positive samples/case

阴性样本数/例

Number of negative samples/case

阳性率Positive rate (%)

符合率

Compliance rate (%)

灵敏度

Sensitivity (%)

特异性

Specificity (%)

荧光定量PCR方法

Fluorescence quantitative PCR method

306033.33

97.78

(88/90)

100.00

(30/30)

96.67

(58/60)

荧光RAA方法

Fluorescent RAA detection method

325835.55
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荧光重组酶介导等温核酸扩增技术在虾肝肠胞虫病害现场检测中的应用及条件优化
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林淦 1 , 王佳慧 1 , 雷晨曦 1 , 付玉和 2 , 谢铭 2 , 李俊峰 1 , 孙静 1 , 宋厚辉 1 , 程昌勇 1 , 吴芹 1
微生物学报 | 技术与方法 2025,65(7): 3221-3233
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微生物学报 | 技术与方法 2025, 65(7): 3221-3233
荧光重组酶介导等温核酸扩增技术在虾肝肠胞虫病害现场检测中的应用及条件优化
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林淦1, 王佳慧1, 雷晨曦1, 付玉和2, 谢铭2, 李俊峰1, 孙静1, 宋厚辉1, 程昌勇1 , 吴芹1
作者信息
  • 1.浙江农林大学 动物医学院,浙江省畜禽绿色生态健康养殖应用技术研究重点实验室,动物健康互联网检测技术浙江省工程研究中心,浙江省动物医学与健康管理国际科技合作基地,“一带一路”同一健康和食品安全国际联合实验室,中澳动物健康大数据分析联合实验室,浙江 杭州
  • 2.浙江领与生物科技有限公司,浙江 杭州
Application and detection condition optimization of a fluorescent recombinase-aided amplification method for field detection of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in prawn
Gan LIN1, Jiahui WANG1, Chenxi LEI1, Yuhe FU2, Ming XIE2, Junfeng LI1, Jing SUN1, Houhui SONG1, Changyong CHENG1 , Qin WU1
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, the Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for One Health and Food Safety, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
  • 2.Zhejiang Ling Yu Bio-Sci&Tech Co. , Ltd. , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
出版时间: 2025-07-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250005
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【目的】 针对制约对虾养殖业发展的重要病原之一的虾肝肠胞虫(Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei, EHP)建立一种新的荧光重组酶聚合酶扩增(recombinase aided amplification, RAA)快速检测技术。 【方法】 以EHP的高保守性基因18S rRNA为检测靶基因,设计多对RAA引物,通过基础型RAA和荧光型RAA筛选出核酸扩增效率最高的引物组合。在此基础上,对荧光型RAA的扩增体系和扩增条件进行优化。优化结果显示,本方法在37 ℃、20 min即可完成检测。随后,对方法的灵敏度、特异性、精密度、稳定性及实际样本应用情况进行评估。 【结果】 本方法特异性高,仅对EHP敏感,对其他与EHP混合或继发感染的病原无反应。灵敏度高,最低检出限为5 copies/μL。精密度高,重复性结果的变异系数小于5%。预混引物探针的原位冻干检测试剂稳定性良好,在室温(25 ℃)和夏日高温(37 ℃)条件下分别可稳定运输、使用和保藏10 d和5 d,在-20 ℃条件下保质期超过1年。本方法对90份对虾临床样品的检测结果与水产行业标准SC/T 7232—2020推荐的荧光定量PCR方法一致,检测符合率为97.78% (88/90),灵敏度为100.00% (30/30),特异度为96.67% (58/60)。 【结论】 本研究建立的EHP荧光RAA方法具有快速、操作简便、高灵敏度、高特异性、高精密度、良好稳定性等特点,可为EHP的现场快速检测提供技术参考,在水产疫病精准快速检测中具有广阔的市场应用前景。

虾肝肠胞虫  /  核酸检测  /  荧光RAA

[Objective] To develop a new and rapid fluorescent recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) method for the detection of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), one of the major pathogens restricting the development of the prawn farming industry. [Methods] Multiple pairs of RAA primers were designed based on the highly conserved 18S rRNA gene of EHP, and the primers with the highest amplification efficiency were screened by basic RAA and fluorescent RAA. The reaction system and conditions of fluorescent RAA were then optimized. The optimization results showed that the developed method achieved detection at 37 ℃ within 20 min. Finally, the sensitivity, specificity, precision, stability, and actual sample application of the developed fluorescent RAA method were evaluated. [Results] The fluorescent RAA method had high specificity and was only sensitive to EHP, and it had no response to other pathogens causing mixed infection or secondary infection. Moreover, it had high sensitivity and high precision, with the limit of detection being 5 copies/μL and the coefficient of variation less than 5% for repeat test results. The lyophilized premix of primers and probe demonstrated good stability. It can be stably transported, used, and stored for 10 d at room temperature (25 °C) and 5 d at the high temperature (37 °C) in summer, with the shelf life longer than one year at -20 ℃. Additionally, the detection results of ninety clinical samples of prawn by the developed method were consistent with those obtained by the fluorescence quantitative PCR method recommended by fishery industry standard Code of Diagnosis for Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei Disease (SC/T 7232—2020), with the result coincidence rate of 97.78% (88/90). In addition, the fluorescent RAA method showed the sensitivity of 100.00% (30/30) and the specificity of 96.67% (58/60). [Conclusion] The established fluorescent RAA method has the characteristics of rapid detection, simple operation, high sensitivity, high specificity, high precision, and good stability, providing a technical reference for the field rapid detection of EHP. It has a wide market application prospect in the accurate and rapid detection of aquatic diseases.

Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei  /  nucleic acid testing  /  fluorescent RAA
林淦, 王佳慧, 雷晨曦, 付玉和, 谢铭, 李俊峰, 孙静, 宋厚辉, 程昌勇, 吴芹. 荧光重组酶介导等温核酸扩增技术在虾肝肠胞虫病害现场检测中的应用及条件优化. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (7) : 3221 -3233 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250005
Gan LIN, Jiahui WANG, Chenxi LEI, Yuhe FU, Ming XIE, Junfeng LI, Jing SUN, Houhui SONG, Changyong CHENG, Qin WU. Application and detection condition optimization of a fluorescent recombinase-aided amplification method for field detection of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in prawn[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (7) : 3221 -3233 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250005
虾肝肠胞虫(Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei, EHP)是一种专性细胞内寄生虫,主要寄生在对虾肝胰腺组织的肝小管上皮细胞中,成熟孢子多为椭圆形,大小约为0.9 μm×1.8 μm,该寄生虫个体微小,属于微孢子虫科肠胞虫属,是制约对虾养殖业发展的重要病原之一[1-2]。虾类感染EHP初期并无明显病理特征,中期表现为行动缓慢、反应迟钝、摄食减少,阻碍虾对营养物质的吸收,增大饵料系数,增加养殖成本,生长速度大幅降低,甚至出现停止生长,后期可见虾群体中个体大小差异明显。此外,感染虾的应激能力下降,更易受到细菌和病毒等病原的继发感染和混合感染,给虾类养殖户带来巨大的经济损失[3-5]。EHP的传播方式包括垂直传播和水平传播2种。垂直传播较为简单,通过受精卵和虾苗进行,亲代虾将携带的EHP传播给子代。水平传播途径则较为复杂,一种是健康虾通过摄食被EHP污染的饲料和病死虾而引起感染[6];另一种是养殖水体环境中已被EHP污染而引起感染[7-8]。因此,对虾苗种、养殖水体环境、养殖饲料及其他养殖过程进行EHP检测,从源头及时发现病原,并采取相应防治措施,是防治EHP疫病传播和治疗的关键。
针对EHP的检测方法有多种,包括病理组织切片技术和分子生物学技术[1]。传统的病理组织切片检测操作繁琐且耗时较长,在EHP含量较低时不易检出[9],而且EHP个体微小,虫体长度为0.7-1.1 μm[10],光学显微镜较难发现EHP,因此不适合作为EHP感染的现场快速检测手段。相比之下,分子生物学技术以其简便、快速、高灵敏度等优势已成为目前检测EHP的首选方法。分子生物学诊断技术发展迅速,目前应用于EHP快速诊断的分子生物学诊断技术包括常规PCR[11-12]、巢式PCR[13]、荧光定量PCR[14]、环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP)[15-16]、重组酶介导等温核酸扩增技术(recombinase aided amplification, RAA)/重组酶聚合酶扩增(recombinase polymerase amplification, RPA)[17]。尽管常规PCR、巢式PCR、荧光定量PCR达到了较好的灵敏度和特异性,但这些核酸扩增方法需要复杂的热循环程序(变性、退火和延伸),检测时间也较长。LAMP进行等温核酸扩增不需要复杂的热循环程序,但检测温度高达60 ℃以上,检测时间也较长(1 h以上),不适用于现场检测。RAA/RPA是利用单链结合蛋白、多个重组酶、链置换DNA聚合酶在等温条件下(37-42 ℃)进行核酸扩增,甚至可以在人体温度实现检测[18-19]。其检测时间短,通常在20-40 min内即可完成检测;灵敏度高,可达到10 copies/µL;操作简便,适用于现场检测[20]。在此基础上,研究者引入了CRISPR-Cas反式剪切技术[21]、试纸条[22]和荧光法[23]等技术用于EHP检测,进一步提高了方法的灵敏度和特异性。虽然CRISPR-Cas反式剪切技术提高了RAA/RPA的灵敏度,但其复杂的操作流程和较长的检测时间限制了其在现场检测中的应用。试纸条和荧光法提高了RAA的可视化和可靠性,操作简便、灵敏度高、可微型化,适用于现场检测。然而,试纸条可能会带来假阳性结果,特异性较差。因此,本研究建立了一种新的荧光RAA快速检测技术,旨在为我国水产养殖EHP病害防治提供一种现场检测手段。
本研究中所用的凡纳滨对虾样本取自江苏省海洋水产研究所,感染EHP的对虾体长为(5.5±1.0) cm,健康对虾的体长为(6.5±0.5) cm。
DNA提取试剂盒、海洋动物组织基因组DNA提取试剂盒,天根生化科技(北京)有限公司;PerfectStart® Green qPCR SuperMix,北京全式金生物技术有限公司;RAA核酸扩增试剂(基础型)、RAA核酸扩增试剂(荧光型),RAA核酸扩增试剂(液体Mix型),杭州众测生物科技有限公司;核酸抽提液,北京索莱宝生物科技有限公司;1×Tris-EDTA缓冲液,生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;磁珠法核酸提取试剂盒,杭州迅灵生物科技有限公司。
四通道磁珠法核酸提取仪,杭州迅灵生物科技有限公司;Qubit 4.0超微量分光光度计,赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司;ABI7500荧光定量PCR仪,应用生物系统公司;LYOBETA 6PL冻干机,泰事达科技公司。
利用DANMAN软件对NCBI GenBank公布的EHP基因组序列进行比对分析,选择保守性高的18S rRNA基因作为检测靶基因。参考NCBI基因序列(GenBank登录号为PP212974.1),针对靶基因保守区域396 bp基因序列设计上游引物18S rRNA-F (5′-CTCGCGAATGCATCTAGATGA GAGGGAGCCTGAGA-3′)和下游引物18S rRNA-R (5′-CGACGGGCCCGGGATCCGATACTCTAG CCTTCGTCC-3′)。以临床确认的EHP感染对虾样本核酸提取物为模板,采用上、下游引物进行PCR扩增。PCR反应体系(25 µL):2×Reaction buffer 12.5 µL,18S rRNA-F (10 mmol/L) 0.5 µL,18S rRNA-R (10 mmol/L) 0.5 µL,ddH2O 10 µL,18S rRNA 1.5 µL。PCR反应程序:94 ℃ 5 min;94 ℃ 30 s,59 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 30 s,30个循环;72 ℃ 5 min。扩增片段纯化后通过无缝克隆试剂盒与线性化的pUC57质粒重组,将重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌DH5α工程菌获得阳性克隆菌株,经测序正确后备用。将阳性克隆菌株经扩大培养后采用质粒小提试剂盒提取质粒,采用超微量分光光度计对提取质粒的浓度及纯度进行测试,并根据公式(1)计算质粒的拷贝数。
质粒拷贝数=(6.02×1023)×(质粒浓度ng/μL×10-9)/(DNA length×660)
使用Primer 6.0软件设计一套鉴定EHP的RAA引物和EXO探针组合,荧光定量PCR选择OIE推荐的引物和探针。所有引物和探针的序列如表1所示,序列均由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成。
以阳性质粒参考品为模板(102 copies/µL),将RAA引物进行两两组合(F2R1、F2R2、F2R3、F2R4、F3R1、F3R2、F3R3、F3R4、F4R1、F4R2、F4R3、F4R4),以不同组合分别进行RAA扩增反应,根据扩增效率选择最佳的RAA引物。基础型RAA的反应体系:A Buffer缓冲液25 μL,上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)各2 μL,DNA模板5 μL,ddH2O 13.5 μL,B Buffer反应液2.5 μL。基础型RAA反应产物经2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳和凝胶成像仪鉴定。荧光型RAA的反应体系:在基础型RAA反应体系中添加0.6 μL探针,并调整ddH2O的含量,单管反应体系总体积为50 μL。荧光型RAA反应条件:39 ℃ 1 min,39 ℃ 30 s,40个循环(收集荧光)。
在筛选出最佳RAA引物后,使用RAA核酸扩增试剂(荧光型)进行荧光型RAA反应体系的优化。以104 copies/µL质粒为扩增模板,按照单因素试验的设计原则,固定反应体系中其他组分的使用量,分别对反应体系中探针的使用量、引物的使用量、反应温度和反应时间进行优化。探针的用量分别为0.4、0.6、0.8和1.0 μL;引物的用量分别为1.8、2.0、2.2和2.4 μL。根据单因素试验结果确定最佳反应体系和反应条件;反应温度分别为25、31、33、35、37、39、42、45和50 ℃;以5 copies/µL质粒作为扩增模板,在最佳的反应温度下扩增40 min,根据扩增反应的荧光曲线状态选择最佳反应时间。
剪取成虾肝胰腺、肌肉组织样本,加入适量生理盐水充分研磨,取200 μL研磨后的均浆液至离心管中,采用磁珠法核酸提取试剂盒进行核酸提取备用。本研究动物实验获得浙江农林大学实验动物伦理委员会批准,批准号:ZAFUAC202486。
将质粒按照梯度稀释至105、104、103、102、10、5和2.5 copies/µL。根据本研究建立的EHP荧光RAA方法对每个浓度质粒进行检测,每个浓度重复2次,根据RAA扩增结果确定灵敏度。
感染了EHP、哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi, VH)、副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus, VP)、白斑综合征病毒(white spot syndrome virus, WSSV)、肝胰脏细小病毒(hepatopancreatic parvo-like virus, HPV)、虾血细胞虹彩病毒(shrimp hemocyte iridescent virus, SHIV)、传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus, IHHNV)的对虾样本和健康对虾分别经磁珠法进行核酸提取。采用建立的EHP荧光RAA检测方法进行核酸检测,并以ddH2O为阴性对照,根据该方法对每种目标病原微生物的检测结果评估其特异性。
将质粒稀释至50 copies/µL,使用建立的EHP荧光RAA方法重复检测20次,统计20次检测结果的Ct值并计算变异系数,从而确定方法的检测精密度。
为满足现场检测、长期储存及运输的需要,将优化后的反应体系制备成含有引物和探针的原位冻干试剂,使用时仅需用B buffer对体系进行复溶。EHP荧光RAA原位冻干反应体系:上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)各2.2 µL,探针(10 μmol/L) 0.8 µL,RAA液体酶Mix 35 µL,7% PEG 35000,5%海藻糖。冻干反应程序:-50 ℃ 5 h (真空,预冻),-30 ℃ 6 h (0.1 mBar,一次干燥),25 ℃ 6 h (极限真空,二次干燥);冻干过程中湿度控制在30%。将冻干后的检测试剂分别置于-20、25、37 ℃条件下保存1年、30 d和1周,每隔一段时间观察检测试剂的灵敏度变化。评估检测试剂在室温(25 ℃)和夏日高温(37 ℃)条件下的使用和运输稳定性,以及在-20 ℃条件下长期保存的稳定性。
为评估本方法在实际样品中的应用效果,采用本方法对90份对虾临床样品进行检测,同时采用水产行业标准SC/T 7232—2020推荐的荧光定量PCR方法进行平行检测[24],比较2种方法的符合率。
本研究以EHP 18S rRNA的保守区域为靶基因(396 bp),经PCR扩增在396 bp处出现1条目的条带,与预期结果一致(图1A)。将该基因克隆至pUC57载体中构建重组质粒pUC57-18S rRNA,重组质粒核酸电泳条带约3 100 bp (图1B)。经菌液PCR鉴定结果显示,在396 bp处有目的条带(图1C),测序结果显示插入序列与预期一致。这表明构建的重组质粒pUC57-18S rRNA符合预期,并制备了阳性克隆菌株。
表1的RAA引物两两组合,分别进行基础型RAA扩增,RAA扩增产物经2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳验证。在RAA凝胶电泳中,不同的引物组合扩增后通过凝胶成像观察选择无非特异性扩增且条带明亮的引物组合。结果如图2A所示,F3R2、F4R1和F4R4这3个引物组合扩增效果最佳,扩增产物大小与目的条带大小相近,其他引物组合扩增效果差,有些还存在引物二聚体。在基础型RAA筛选结果的基础上,采用荧光型RAA对F3R2、F4R1和F4R4的扩增效率进一步比较,选取扩增信号强、扩增时间短的引物组合作为最终选择的引物。结果如图2B所示,当扩增模板为阴性时,3组引物均未出现非特异性扩增;当扩增模板为102 copies/µL时,3组引物均出现特异性扩增曲线,并且F3R2组引物较其他2组引物的扩增效率更高,因此选择F3R2作为后续荧光型RAA的扩增引物。
在RAA核酸扩增试剂(荧光型)的基础上对反应体系进行优化,各单因素试验结果如图3所示。如图3A所示,当探针使用量从0.4 µL增加至0.8 µL时扩增效率逐渐提高,而继续增加探针的用量未见明显的扩增效率提高,因此探针的最佳使用量为0.8 µL。如图3B所示,当引物的使用量从1.8 µL增加至2.2 µL,扩增效率逐渐提高。然而继续增加引物的用量扩增效率不再有明显的提高,反而会增大非特异性扩增风险,因此引物最佳使用量为2.2 µL。如图3C所示,在25-37 ℃范围内,酶促扩增效率随着温度升高得到了提高,然而在37-50 ℃范围内,随着温度的继续升高扩增效率显著下降。这表明在37 ℃时酶促扩增效率最高,因此选择37 ℃作为后续荧光RAA反应温度。如图3D所示,当以5 copies/µL质粒进行扩增时,荧光值超过阈值的时间大致在15 min左右(即Ct值30左右),考虑到检测低浓度样本的可靠性及整体扩增反应的简便性,最终选取20 min作为检测系统的最佳反应时间。
为确定所建立方法的灵敏度,以不同稀释度的阳性质粒(105、104、103、102、10、5、2.5 copies/μL)作为模板进行扩增检测。不同浓度质粒的核酸扩增结果如图4A所示,随着质粒浓度的降低,出峰时间逐渐延长,荧光强度逐渐减弱。当质粒浓度不低于5 copies/μL时可检测到荧光信号。结果表明,最低检测限为5 copies/µL。
为验证本方法的特异性,使用感染了虾肝肠胞虫、哈维氏弧菌、副溶血性弧菌、白斑综合征病毒、肝胰脏细小病毒、虾血细胞虹彩病毒、传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒的对虾样本以及健康对虾,经核酸提取后进行检测。特异性评估结果如图4B所示,只有虾肝肠胞虫核酸检测出现明显的S型扩增曲线,判定为阳性;其他7种常见对虾病原和健康对虾在40个循环内均无明显的扩增曲线,判定为阴性。这表明本方法只能检测出目标病原虾肝肠胞虫,而对其他病原和健康对虾基因组均不能检出,特异性强。
为了评价所建立方法的重复性,本方法对10倍检测限浓度的阳性质粒(50 copies/μL)重复检测20次。精密度检测结果如表2所示,低浓度阳性参考质粒的20次重复荧光信号出峰时间差异较小,组内变异系数为4.7%,满足检测方法精密度要求(CV≤5%),表明本方法重复性良好。
为了验证检测试剂的稳定性,将预混引物探针的冻干试剂分别置于不同温度环境(-20、25、37 ℃)保存,使用低浓度阳性参考质粒(50 copies/μL)定期测试。稳定性评估结果如图4C4E所示,置于25 ℃条件下保存30 d,试剂在10 d内扩增性能保持稳定,15 d时检测性能明显下降,25 d时试剂检测性能已完全失活(未检出)。置于37 ℃条件下保存1周,进行加速实验,试剂在5 d内保持良好的检测性能,第6天酶促扩增性能开始明显下降。置于-20 ℃条件下每隔1个月测试长期稳定性,该试剂在1年内保持性能稳定。因此,在正常室温条件下使用和运输时,建议在10 d内使用完试剂;在夏日高温条件下,建议在5 d内使用完试剂;置于-20 ℃条件下可保存1年。
本方法和水产行业标准SC/T 7232—2020推荐的荧光定量PCR方法同时对90份对虾临床样品进行检测,平行测试结果如表3所示。荧光定量PCR方法检测出30例样本为阳性,60例样本为阴性;本方法检测出32例阳性样本和58例阴性样本。因此本方法的检测符合率为97.78% (88/90),灵敏度为100.00% (30/30),特异度为96.67% (58/60),表明本方法适用于实际样本的检测。
近年来,我国对虾养殖业取得了显著进展,成为全球对虾生产和消费大国。然而,对虾病害频发、养殖模式落后以及病害防治不到位等因素,严重影响了养殖收益,制约了我国对虾产业的发展[25-26]。EHP是对水产养殖业威胁较为严重的一种寄生虫病原,主要寄生于虾类肝胰腺组织的肝小管上皮细胞中。该病原潜伏期较长,感染后对虾无明显临床症状,摄食活动不受影响,这大大增加了养殖过程中监测和预防的难度。在感染中后期表现为活力下降、行动迟缓,生长缓慢或生长停滞,免疫力下降,增加了其他病原的易感性[3-5]。目前尚无针对EHP感染的特效药物,主要通过种苗、饲料和养殖环境管理来降低感染风险。因此,在EHP感染早期进行快速检测并采取针对性的防控措施,对保障养殖业的健康发展和提高产量具有重要意义。
目前,EHP的检测方法主要集中在组织病理学和分子生物学技术[27]。传统的病理组织切片技术通过苏木精和伊红染色,在光学显微镜下可以观察到肝胰腺组织内的零散EHP包涵体和成熟孢子。然而,该方法需要一定的操作技能和专业背景,样本处理过程复杂,耗时较长,无法满足现场快速检测的需求[9-10]。因此,开发更快速、便捷、操作简单的检测方法对于EHP病害的防治具有重要意义。分子生物学诊断技术因其高特异性和高灵敏度,显著缩短了检测时间,被广泛应用于EHP的快速诊断。
现有的EHP快速诊断分子生物学技术包括常规PCR[11,27-28]、巢式PCR[1,13,29]、荧光定量PCR[14,30]、LAMP[31-32]、RAA/RPA[21-23]。RAA技术因其低温操作(37-42 ℃)、快速反应(20-40 min)、高灵敏度(低至10 copies/µL)、强特异性、便携性、广泛的适用性广(适用于多种样本类型)、良好的兼容性(可与多种检测方法结合)以及易操作等独特优势[20],被广泛开发和应用。然而,目前针对EHP的RAA/RPA检测技术较少。Kanitchinda等[21]开发了一种RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a检测方法,37 ℃反应60 min,检测限为25 copies/µL。尽管CRISPR-Cas12a技术提高了检测灵敏度,但复杂的操作限制了其在现场检测中的应用。Wang等[22]开发了一种RPA-试纸条检测方法,37 ℃反应35 min,检测限为5-10 copies/µL。Ma等[23]开发了一种RPA-荧光法,39 ℃反应20 min,检测限为13 copies/µL。试纸条和荧光法操作简单、灵敏度高、可微型化,适用于现场检测。然而,现有的试纸条和荧光法灵敏度较低,且试纸条方法容易出现假阳性结果。因此,本研究建立了一种新的荧光型RAA快速检测技术。
小亚基核糖体RNA (small subunit ribosomal RNA, SSU-rRNA)基因已被广泛用于PCR检测,目标是物种鉴定和病原体诊断。不同物种之间的SSU-rRNA序列通常差异较大,而同一物种内的SSU-rRNA序列则高度相似[1]。因此,许多针对EHP的分子诊断技术是基于EHP的18S rRNA基因进行检测的。例如,Tang 等[28]和Hou等[11]分别基于18S rRNA基因建立了常规PCR方法。本研究也以18S rRNA基因序列为检测靶点,设计了多对RAA引物。通过基础型RAA和荧光型RAA的双重筛选,确定了最佳引物组合,以确保达到最佳的核酸扩增效率。此外,本研究还对引物和探针的用量进行了优化,以提高检测灵敏度。RAA反应的温度和时间直接影响方法的操作简便性和检测效率。本研究比较了荧光RAA在25-50 ℃范围内的扩增效率,结果表明在37 ℃条件下,荧光RAA达到最佳扩增效率。在最佳反应温度下,进一步优化了扩增时间,结果表明20 min 的反应时间可实现最佳扩增效率。本方法在37 ℃下反应20 min即可完成检测,无需复杂的热循环程序或高温加热设备,甚至可以在人体温度下进行检测,比现有的EHP常规PCR[11,27-28]、巢式PCR[1,13,29]、荧光定量PCR[14,30]、LAMP[31-32]更为简便和快速。
通过一系列荧光型RAA反应体系的优化,本研究建立的EHP快速检测技术具有高灵敏度,检测限低至5 copies/µL,优于现有的大多数EHP核酸检测方法,包括常规PCR[11,27-28]、巢式PCR[1,13,29]、荧光定量PCR[14,30]、LAMP[31-32]和RAA/RPA[21-23]。该方法选择性强,仅对目标病原EHP表现出高灵敏度,而对其他7种常见对虾病原无反应,即使对包含18S rRNA的健康对虾基因组也无检测信号。重复性实验结果显示,变异系数小于5%,表明该方法具有高精密度。检测试剂稳定性良好,在-20 ℃条件下保质期超过1年,即使在室温(25 ℃)和夏日高温(37 ℃)条件下也能实现多日的稳定运输和使用。检测结果可靠,应用于实际样本检测时,本方法的检测结果与水产行业标准SC/T 7232—2020推荐的荧光定量PCR方法一致。综上所述,本研究建立的EHP荧光RAA检测方法具有快速、操作简便、高灵敏度、高特异性、良好稳定性和结果可靠等优点,适用于现场检测,在EHP的现场即时诊断中具有广泛的市场应用前景。
作者声明不存在任何可能会影响本文所报告工作的已知经济利益或个人关系。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1801000)
  • 浙江农林大学科研发展基金(2021LFR044)
  • 浙江省大学生科技活动计划暨新苗人才计划(2024R412B056)
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2025年第65卷第7期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250005
  • 接收时间:2025-01-02
  • 首发时间:2026-02-06
  • 出版时间:2025-07-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-02
  • 录用日期:2025-02-17
基金
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1801000)
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1801000)
Zhejiang A&F University Talents Starting Program(2021LFR044)
浙江农林大学科研发展基金(2021LFR044)
Science and Technology Activity and New Talent Program for Undergraduate of Zhejiang Province(2024R412B056)
浙江省大学生科技活动计划暨新苗人才计划(2024R412B056)
作者信息
    1.浙江农林大学 动物医学院,浙江省畜禽绿色生态健康养殖应用技术研究重点实验室,动物健康互联网检测技术浙江省工程研究中心,浙江省动物医学与健康管理国际科技合作基地,“一带一路”同一健康和食品安全国际联合实验室,中澳动物健康大数据分析联合实验室,浙江 杭州
    2.浙江领与生物科技有限公司,浙江 杭州
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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