Article(id=1226460585617961425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226460576751206672, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250161, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1740672000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1751040000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-06-28, onlineDate=1770340590147, onlineDateStr=2026-02-06, pubDate=1754236800000, pubDateStr=2025-08-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770340590147, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770340590147, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770340590147, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226460576751206672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3812', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770340588033, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770363610188, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226557138735117113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226460576751206672, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226557138735117114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226460576751206672, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3365, endPage=3382, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226460586049974781, articleId=1226460585617961425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Biochar regulates the soil bacterial community structure to affect phosphorus availability, columnId=1226460577816559897, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Microbiome in Black Soils, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To explore the mechanism by which biochar alters the soil bacterial community structure and thereby affects the availability of soil phosphorus. [Methods] This study employed metagenomic techniques to investigate the soil bacterial communities and microbial functional genes involved in the phosphorus cycle after the application of biochar at different doses (CK: 0 kg/hm2, T1: 300 kg/hm2, T2: 600 kg/hm2, and T3: 900 kg/hm2). [Results] The application of biochar significantly increased inorganic phosphorus, microbial biomass phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase activity, which showed the increases of 21.75%, 699.39%, and 34.00%, respectively, under T2 treatment. Furthermore, the application of biochar changed the diversity and richness of soil microorganisms, especially bacteria, mainly enriching Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexota, Thermoproteota, Gemmatimonadota, Nocardioides, and Sphingobium. Soil pH, water content, organic matter, inorganic phosphorus, microbial biomass phosphorus, and available phosphorus were important factors influencing soil microbial communities. In addition, biochar significantly increased the abundance of the organic phosphorus mineralization-associated gene phoD, T2 increased by 9.28% compared with CK, and the abundance of phoD was significantly affected by total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and microbial biomass phosphorus content in the soil. [Conclusion] The application of biochar can enhance phosphorus availability by regulating soil bacterial community structure. The findings provide a theoretical basis for the application of biochar in improving phosphorus availability in farmland soil.

, correspAuthors=Jihua WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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【目的】 探究生物炭通过改变土壤细菌群落结构进而影响土壤磷有效性的作用机制。 【方法】 运用宏基因组学技术研究不同剂量生物炭(CK:0 kg/hm2;T1:300 kg/hm2;T2:600 kg/hm2;T3:900 kg/hm2)处理下土壤细菌群落及磷循环相关功能基因的变化。 【结果】 施加生物炭显著提高土壤无机磷(inorganic phosphorus, IP)、微生物量磷(microbial biomass phosphorus, MBP)含量和碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP)活性,其中T2处理下的增幅分别为21.75%、699.39%、34.00%。施用生物炭改变了土壤细菌的多样性与丰富度,显著富集了放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexota)、热假单胞菌门(Thermoproteota)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)、类诺卡氏属(Nocardioides)以及鞘脂菌属(Sphingobium)。土壤pH、含水量、有机质(soil organic matter, SOM)、IP、MBP和速效磷(available phosphorus, AP)是影响细菌群落的关键因子。在磷循环功能基因方面,施用生物炭显著提高了有机磷矿化基因phoD的丰度,T2处理较CK处理增加9.28%,且phoD的丰度与全磷(total phosphorus, TP)、AP及MBP含量显著相关。 【结论】 生物炭通过调控土壤细菌群落结构提升磷有效性,为生物炭在农田磷素管理中的应用提供了理论依据。

, correspAuthors=王继华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ZIwiAvtIA2GYB4JNfhDc7w==, magXml=V828Tmle00u2MtWbgGcNPw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=gu1vmkZVShqj/ZusKYPfhg==, pdfFileSize=11598677, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=cJiDYUVV84PSVcFSitP4yA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=oeqQXn75mUoOA/76vY0UOQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

作者贡献声明

焦扬:设计总体实验方案,进行关键实验操作,数据收集及分析,撰写论文;李颖:承担核心数据采集工作,负责样本的筛选与处理;朱剑琴:参与实验研究设计,进行系统全面的参考文献整理;李婧:优化实验流程,保障实验开展,负责图表优化;孙丽娜:参与部分数据的采集工作,审阅论文;张娣:对研究结果进行复核验证,使结果更完整,对论文格式进行规范整理;李奕萌:从不同角度提出建议,参与论文修改与完善;王继华:提出核心研究思路,把控研究方向与进度,协调团队分工,提供关键性指导建议。

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Shenyang: Shenyang Normal University, 2021 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1226596306483851645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, awardId=2021-KYYWF-0172, language=EN, fundingSource=Project of Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses for Higher Education Institutions in Heilongjiang Province(2021-KYYWF-0172), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226596306597097858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, awardId=2021-KYYWF-0172, language=CN, fundingSource=黑龙江省高等学校基本科研业务费项目(2021-KYYWF-0172), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226596306676789640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, awardId=LJGXCG2024-P30, language=EN, fundingSource=A New Round of Heilongjiang Province “Double First-class” Discipline Collaborative Innovation Achievement Project(LJGXCG2024-P30), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226596306752287115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, awardId=LJGXCG2024-P30, language=CN, fundingSource=新一轮黑龙江省“双一流”学科协同创新成果项目(LJGXCG2024-P30), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226596295457026748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226596295465415358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, companyId=1226596295457026748, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226596295473803968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, companyId=1226596295457026748, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.哈尔滨师范大学 生命科学与技术学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨)]), AuthorCompany(id=1226596295608021706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226596295616410316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, companyId=1226596295608021706, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Heilongjiang Agricultural Economy Vocational College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226596295624798926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, companyId=1226596295608021706, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.黑龙江农业经济职业学院,黑龙江 牡丹江)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1226596301312274554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=The contents of water content, pH, SOM, TN, TP, and TK in soil after applying different doses of biochar. A: Soil water content; B: Soil pH; C: Soil organic matter content; D: Total nitrogen content in soil; E: Total phosphorus content in soil; F: Total potassium content in soil. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (P<0.05)., figureFileSmall=bJYFuerQyQvVXZ//5ISjPA==, figureFileBig=6TcSL1GT6QMlG3MDq0r0HA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596301438103681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=CN, label=图1, caption=施加不同剂量生物炭后土壤的含水量、pHSOMTNTPTK的含量, figureFileSmall=bJYFuerQyQvVXZ//5ISjPA==, figureFileBig=6TcSL1GT6QMlG3MDq0r0HA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596301605875853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=The contents of IP, MBP, and AP in soil after applying different doses of biochar. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (P<0.05)., figureFileSmall=6HiYGMzHhTxqUM1WpXNbCw==, figureFileBig=++ilCgkXfCC3jDQqe3zong==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596301731704982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=CN, label=图2, caption=施加不同剂量生物炭后土壤IPMBPAP的含量, figureFileSmall=6HiYGMzHhTxqUM1WpXNbCw==, figureFileBig=++ilCgkXfCC3jDQqe3zong==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596301861728416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Soil alkaline phosphatase activity after application of different doses of biochar. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (P<0.05)., figureFileSmall=TzfF7qKPNvtjabZi9LKzMA==, figureFileBig=psIcMjuAF+E+o/B33xAwhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596301966586026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=CN, label=图3, caption=施加不同剂量生物炭后土壤碱性磷酸酶活性, figureFileSmall=TzfF7qKPNvtjabZi9LKzMA==, figureFileBig=psIcMjuAF+E+o/B33xAwhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596302071443635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=PCoA analysis and NMDS analysis of microbial communities after adding different doses of biochar. A: PCoA analysis of microbial communities; B: NMDS analysis of microbial communities., figureFileSmall=V7KHVyt+7DJtFWE78B84Mw==, figureFileBig=e8vQ2YxicyC0WFT7OFjqZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596302205661373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=CN, label=图4, caption=添加不同剂量生物炭后微生物群落的PCoA分析和NMDS分析, figureFileSmall=V7KHVyt+7DJtFWE78B84Mw==, figureFileBig=e8vQ2YxicyC0WFT7OFjqZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596302331490502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Analysis of species difference of microbial community after adding different doses of biochar. A: The total number of species in the soil sample; B: The number of species in each treated soil sample., figureFileSmall=Otia4SYiveEJT7S3hT/h5A==, figureFileBig=IGOpqFVS1na2DGP9v6SneA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596302465708237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=CN, label=图5, caption=添加不同剂量生物炭后微生物群落物种差异分析, figureFileSmall=Otia4SYiveEJT7S3hT/h5A==, figureFileBig=IGOpqFVS1na2DGP9v6SneA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596302604120282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Horizontal classification of dominant bacteria phylum in soil after application of different doses of biochar., figureFileSmall=N3UEKvlFMUHkmwd22n2qFw==, figureFileBig=1V6EEBJLIr+H86LHkQqFgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596302776086755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=CN, label=图6, caption=施加不同剂量生物炭后土壤优势细菌门水平分类, figureFileSmall=N3UEKvlFMUHkmwd22n2qFw==, figureFileBig=1V6EEBJLIr+H86LHkQqFgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596302910304491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Horizontal classification of dominant bacterial genus in soil after adding different doses of biochar., figureFileSmall=2CpkwhsjAh+ibDThJzurZA==, figureFileBig=UZ7759jYAbbMqYjW1W2TpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596304265064689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=CN, label=图7, caption=添加不同剂量生物炭后土壤优势细菌属水平分类, figureFileSmall=2CpkwhsjAh+ibDThJzurZA==, figureFileBig=UZ7759jYAbbMqYjW1W2TpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596304386699513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=LEfSe analysis of soil bacterial communities after adding different doses of biochar. A: LEfSe analysis of soil bacterial communities; B: Taxonomic branch diagram., figureFileSmall=yL2jBa049CxSuowZJgcR0A==, figureFileBig=yqTtVNmXrShnwr02pdZPKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596304491557117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=CN, label=图8, caption=添加不同剂量生物炭后土壤细菌群落的LEfSe分析, figureFileSmall=yL2jBa049CxSuowZJgcR0A==, figureFileBig=yqTtVNmXrShnwr02pdZPKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596304604803336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Analysis of species differences at phylum level (A) and genus level (B) after adding different doses of biochar. A: Analysis of species differences at the phylum classification level; B: Analysis of species differences at the genus classification level., figureFileSmall=GBYmeTBcjTbeWeaYOhlnwg==, figureFileBig=MkMtWqzmRCAc153oiPf9rA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596304697078028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=CN, label=图9, caption=添加不同剂量生物炭后土壤细菌门水平(A)和属水平(B)物种差异分析, figureFileSmall=GBYmeTBcjTbeWeaYOhlnwg==, figureFileBig=MkMtWqzmRCAc153oiPf9rA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596304814518548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=EN, label=Figure 10, caption=Species abundance clustering at phylum level (A) and genus level (B) after adding different doses of biochar. 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A: Phylum level redundancy analysis; B: Genus level redundancy analysis., figureFileSmall=2OQrf779IbLdZYu17VDWgA==, figureFileBig=ldxRwkmjtGk1VnGZ3aEzGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596305284280634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=CN, label=图11, caption=施加不同剂量生物炭后土壤细菌门水平(A)与属水平(B)的冗余分析, figureFileSmall=2OQrf779IbLdZYu17VDWgA==, figureFileBig=ldxRwkmjtGk1VnGZ3aEzGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596305439469890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=EN, label=Figure 12, caption=Correlation analysis of soil bacteria phylum level (A) and genus level (B) after applying different doses of biochar. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001., figureFileSmall=Ykuf7XZO6mCRkcQ1iKzcAw==, figureFileBig=THLNn5g3pIMLs2dwG0vRAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596305535938886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=CN, label=图12, caption=施加不同剂量生物炭后土壤细菌门水平(A)与属水平(B)的相关性分析, figureFileSmall=Ykuf7XZO6mCRkcQ1iKzcAw==, figureFileBig=THLNn5g3pIMLs2dwG0vRAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596305628213579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=EN, label=Figure 13, caption=Relative abundance of functional gene of phosphorus cycle after applying different doses of biochar. A: The relative abundance of the gene phoD; B: The relative abundance of gene ppa; C: The relative abundance of gene gcd; D: The relative abundance of gene ppx;E: The relative abundance of gene pstA;F: The relative abundance of gene pstB; G: The relative abundance of gene pstC;H: The relative abundance of gene pstS;I: The relative abundance of gene phoR., figureFileSmall=J81RXT0WZV9UhripU3VU1A==, figureFileBig=+ZE1tSQYy7xH9CdEQLOZcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596305724682578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=CN, label=图13, caption=施加不同剂量生物炭后磷循环功能基因相对丰度, figureFileSmall=J81RXT0WZV9UhripU3VU1A==, figureFileBig=+ZE1tSQYy7xH9CdEQLOZcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596305930203484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=EN, label=Figure 14, caption=Correlation analysis between the relative abundance of phosphorus cycle functional genes and soil physicochemical properties after applying different doses of biochar. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001., figureFileSmall=NZRqGvGMgAdf1Qlv+tQ+WQ==, figureFileBig=b/S8bqABNqUqnp7N5+Mo9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596306005700960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=CN, label=图14, caption=施加不同剂量生物炭后磷循环功能基因相对丰度与土壤理化性质的相关性分析, figureFileSmall=NZRqGvGMgAdf1Qlv+tQ+WQ==, figureFileBig=b/S8bqABNqUqnp7N5+Mo9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596306093781351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The soil bacterial diversity index after adding different doses of biochar

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TreatmentChao1 index

Goods

coverage

Simpson indexPielou evenness indexShannon index

Observed

species

CK

T1

T2

T3

16 336.13b

16 751.44a

16 764.63a

16 140.68b

0.998 3a

0.998 2b

0.998 2b

0.998 3a

0.987 4b

0.998 9a

0.984 0c

0.983 5c

0.639 6b

0.647 0a

0.636 1c

0.635 0c

6.13b

6.21a

6.11c

6.08d

14 470.67b

14 764.67a

14 743.33a

14 390.00b

), ArticleFig(id=1226596306232193389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460585617961425, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

添加不同剂量生物炭后土壤细菌多样性指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TreatmentChao1 index

Goods

coverage

Simpson indexPielou evenness indexShannon index

Observed

species

CK

T1

T2

T3

16 336.13b

16 751.44a

16 764.63a

16 140.68b

0.998 3a

0.998 2b

0.998 2b

0.998 3a

0.987 4b

0.998 9a

0.984 0c

0.983 5c

0.639 6b

0.647 0a

0.636 1c

0.635 0c

6.13b

6.21a

6.11c

6.08d

14 470.67b

14 764.67a

14 743.33a

14 390.00b

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生物炭调控土壤细菌群落结构影响磷有效性的作用机制
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焦扬 1 , 李颖 1 , 朱剑琴 1 , 李婧 1 , 孙丽娜 1 , 张娣 1, 2 , 李奕萌 1 , 王继华 1, *
微生物学报 | 黑土地微生物组 2025,65(8): 3365-3382
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微生物学报 | 黑土地微生物组 2025, 65(8): 3365-3382
生物炭调控土壤细菌群落结构影响磷有效性的作用机制
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焦扬1, 李颖1, 朱剑琴1, 李婧1, 孙丽娜1, 张娣1, 2, 李奕萌1, 王继华1, *
作者信息
  • 1.哈尔滨师范大学 生命科学与技术学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨
  • 2.黑龙江农业经济职业学院,黑龙江 牡丹江
Biochar regulates the soil bacterial community structure to affect phosphorus availability
Yang JIAO1, Ying LI1, Jianqin ZHU1, Jing LI1, Lina SUN1, Di ZHANG1, 2, Yimeng LI1, Jihua WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
  • 2.Heilongjiang Agricultural Economy Vocational College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
出版时间: 2025-08-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250161
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【目的】 探究生物炭通过改变土壤细菌群落结构进而影响土壤磷有效性的作用机制。 【方法】 运用宏基因组学技术研究不同剂量生物炭(CK:0 kg/hm2;T1:300 kg/hm2;T2:600 kg/hm2;T3:900 kg/hm2)处理下土壤细菌群落及磷循环相关功能基因的变化。 【结果】 施加生物炭显著提高土壤无机磷(inorganic phosphorus, IP)、微生物量磷(microbial biomass phosphorus, MBP)含量和碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP)活性,其中T2处理下的增幅分别为21.75%、699.39%、34.00%。施用生物炭改变了土壤细菌的多样性与丰富度,显著富集了放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexota)、热假单胞菌门(Thermoproteota)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)、类诺卡氏属(Nocardioides)以及鞘脂菌属(Sphingobium)。土壤pH、含水量、有机质(soil organic matter, SOM)、IP、MBP和速效磷(available phosphorus, AP)是影响细菌群落的关键因子。在磷循环功能基因方面,施用生物炭显著提高了有机磷矿化基因phoD的丰度,T2处理较CK处理增加9.28%,且phoD的丰度与全磷(total phosphorus, TP)、AP及MBP含量显著相关。 【结论】 生物炭通过调控土壤细菌群落结构提升磷有效性,为生物炭在农田磷素管理中的应用提供了理论依据。

生物炭施加  /  土壤细菌群落结构  /  磷有效性  /  作用机制

[Objective] To explore the mechanism by which biochar alters the soil bacterial community structure and thereby affects the availability of soil phosphorus. [Methods] This study employed metagenomic techniques to investigate the soil bacterial communities and microbial functional genes involved in the phosphorus cycle after the application of biochar at different doses (CK: 0 kg/hm2, T1: 300 kg/hm2, T2: 600 kg/hm2, and T3: 900 kg/hm2). [Results] The application of biochar significantly increased inorganic phosphorus, microbial biomass phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase activity, which showed the increases of 21.75%, 699.39%, and 34.00%, respectively, under T2 treatment. Furthermore, the application of biochar changed the diversity and richness of soil microorganisms, especially bacteria, mainly enriching Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexota, Thermoproteota, Gemmatimonadota, Nocardioides, and Sphingobium. Soil pH, water content, organic matter, inorganic phosphorus, microbial biomass phosphorus, and available phosphorus were important factors influencing soil microbial communities. In addition, biochar significantly increased the abundance of the organic phosphorus mineralization-associated gene phoD, T2 increased by 9.28% compared with CK, and the abundance of phoD was significantly affected by total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and microbial biomass phosphorus content in the soil. [Conclusion] The application of biochar can enhance phosphorus availability by regulating soil bacterial community structure. The findings provide a theoretical basis for the application of biochar in improving phosphorus availability in farmland soil.

application of biochar  /  soil bacterial community structure  /  phosphorus availability  /  mechanism
焦扬, 李颖, 朱剑琴, 李婧, 孙丽娜, 张娣, 李奕萌, 王继华. 生物炭调控土壤细菌群落结构影响磷有效性的作用机制. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (8) : 3365 -3382 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250161
Yang JIAO, Ying LI, Jianqin ZHU, Jing LI, Lina SUN, Di ZHANG, Yimeng LI, Jihua WANG. Biochar regulates the soil bacterial community structure to affect phosphorus availability[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (8) : 3365 -3382 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250161
磷是植物生长发育过程中的重要元素[1]。植物主要从土壤中吸收磷,但土壤中95%以上的磷以植物难以吸收利用的形态存在[1-4]。施用磷肥虽能在短期内缓解土壤缺磷状况[2],但其利用率仅为10%-25%,大部分磷被土壤吸附固定,植物无法利用[3]。长期施用磷肥还会导致植物根际土壤微生态恶化[4]以及水体富营养化等问题[5]。土壤磷可分为有机磷(organophosphorous, OP)和无机磷(inorganic phosphorus, IP)两大类[6],其中IP是植物可利用磷的主要来源[7]。因此提高土壤磷有效性已成为土壤磷研究亟需解决的关键问题。
生物炭由农林废弃物或禽畜粪便经热解制得,具有比表面积大、孔隙发达等特点[8],能够改善土壤结构并影响养分转化[9]。大量研究表明,生物炭可提高土壤磷有效性[10],原因在于:(1) 提高土壤pH,降低磷的吸附固定;(2) 发达的孔隙结构可减少磷淋失[11]。此外,生物炭富含的有机质(soil organic matter, SOM)能为土壤微生物提供良好的栖息环境,改变细菌群落结构[4],促进其定殖与生长[11]。土壤微生物在磷循环中起着核心作用,通过有机磷矿化作用为植物提供IP,这一过程主要依赖微生物分泌的磷酸酶[12]。土壤微生物分泌的磷酸酶在这个过程中发挥了主要作用[13]。碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP)是研究最为广泛的磷酸酶,其活性可直接反映土壤有机磷矿化潜力[14]。微生物的矿化能力源于磷酸酶编码基因,包括phoAphoDphoX,其中phoD是ALP最具代表性的基因[15]。施用生物炭可增强phoD基因表达和ALP 活性[16-19]。耕地土壤中含phoD基因的微生物可促进ALP分泌并矿化有机磷[20],其优势类群包括放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)[21-23]
本研究通过不同剂量生物炭的大田试验,定量分析土壤全磷(total phosphorus, TP)、速效磷(available phosphorus, AP)、无机磷(inorganic phosphorus, IP)和微生物量磷(microbial biomass phosphorus, MBP);采用宏基因组技术测定磷循环功能基因及相关微生物类群丰度,解析微生物类群、磷循环基因与土壤磷组分的关系。本研究旨在阐明不同剂量生物炭对土壤磷有效性的影响、微生物在土壤磷循环中的作用,以及生物炭如何通过调控磷循环微生物与功能基因进而影响土壤磷有效性的机制。
试验田位于黑龙江省哈尔滨市(45°52′10′′N,126°33′20′′E),年平均气温5.5 ℃左右,年平均降水量569.1 mm。设置4个生物炭施用量:CK (0 kg/hm2)、T1 (300 kg/hm2)、T2 (600 kg/hm2)、T3 (900 kg/hm2)。每个小区长3 m、宽0.5 m,设3次重复。2022年5月播种大豆品种‘黑农551’,播种前一次性基施:尿素(N 46.4%,38 kg/hm2)、硫酸钾(K2O 51%,45 kg/hm2)、磷酸二铵(N 18%、P2O5 46%,150 kg/hm2), P2O5施用量为69 kg/hm2。生物炭(河南立泽环保科技有限公司)的理化性质:水分10.26%,全氮(total nitrogen, TN) 8.51 g/kg,全磷(total phosphorus, TP) 2.34 g/kg,全钾(total potassium, TK) 2.34 g/kg,P2O5 5.53 g/kg,K2O 19.15 g/kg,有机碳510.90 g/kg,pH 8.1左右。
大豆结荚期采集0–20 cm表层土壤,按“五点梅花法”在每个小区取5钻混匀,均分为3份。风干后分别过0.5 mm及0.15 mm筛,用于常规理化分析;-80 ℃保存用于宏基因组测序;4 ℃保存用于碱性磷酸酶活性测定。
土壤全磷、速效磷的测定采用钼锑抗比色法;微生物量磷的测定采用氯仿熏蒸浸提-钼锑抗比色法;无机磷的测定采用SMT分级法;土壤pH使用pH仪测定;土壤含水量采用点位法测定[24]。土壤碱性磷酸酶活性采用磷酸苯二钠比色法测定[25]
称取各组土壤10 g,去除杂质后置于无菌离心管,用干冰保藏送样,于上海派森诺生物科技股份有限公司进行土壤样本总DNA的提取与文库构建。使用土壤DNA试剂盒(Omega公司)提取土壤中总微生物基因组的DNA样本。检测其浓度和纯度,DNA浓度检测使用Qubit 4荧光计,并用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA质量。将调整好浓度的DNA工作液于4 ℃保存,储存液于-20 ℃保存。基于Illumina NovaSeq高通量测序平台,采用全基因组鸟枪法策略,用Illumina NovaSeq Nano DNA LT试剂盒处理菌群宏基因组的总DNA,将其随机打断形成短片段,构建合适长度的插入文库,利用Illumina NovaSeq平台对上述文库进行双端测序。处理土壤宏基因组测序原始数据,基于软件Kaiju以及NCBI-nr (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)数据库(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)对reads序列进行物种注释,并将物种注释的信息与注释到该物种上的reads序列数目进行统计分析,得到本研究各处理组土壤中细菌群落在界、门、纲、目、科、属、种各分类水平上的物种相对丰度表。
基于NCBI-nr数据库对各样本的reads序列进行物种与功能注释,将各样本的高质量读取映射到预测的基因序列上,并将非冗余基因集的氨基酸序列与KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, KEGG) (https://www.kegg.jp/kegg/kegg1.html)、PCyc (phosp horus-cycling-database, PCyc) (https://github.com/ZengJiaxiong/Phosphorus-cycling-database)数据库进行功能注释,明确相关基因对应的功能。根据KEGG、PCyc数据库的注释结果获得各样本的功能注释与分类分配,以便进一步分析。
利用SPSS 27分析试验数据,用Duncan法对不同剂量生物炭处理后的土壤磷组分含量、碱性磷酸酶活性及微生物磷循环基因丰度进行差异显著性分析,并用Origin 2021软件绘制柱状图。通过SPSS 27对土壤性质与微生物磷循环基因丰度进行Spearman相关性分析,计算其R值和P值。用R软件计算土壤细菌群落多样性指数,并基于Bray-Curtis距离进行主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCoA)及NMDS分析。通过冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)反映土壤性质与细菌群落组成之间的关系。相关结果分析在联川生物云平台(https://www.omicstudio.cn/tool)及派森诺基因云平台(https://www.genescloud.cn/home)完成。
施加不同剂量生物炭后,土壤理化性质发生显著变化。土壤pH、含水量、有机质(soil organic matter, SOM)含量随生物炭施加量的增加而改变(图1A-1C)。其中,T3土壤含水量较CK增加10倍左右;与CK相比,T2、T3土壤TN含量分别增加7.04%和9.67% (图1D);土壤TP含量呈先降低后上升的趋势(图1E),其中T2土壤TP含量最低;土壤TK含量无显著差异(图1F)。
施加不同剂量生物炭后,土壤磷组分含量也发生了显著变化(图2)。随着生物炭施加量的增加,IP与MBP的含量逐渐增加。相较于CK,T1、T2、T3的IP含量分别增加18.04%、21.75%、4.57%,MBP含量分别增加374.90%、699.39%、199.96%。AP与TP的变化趋势一致,均呈先下降后上升。
ALP是有机磷矿化过程中的关键酶,生物炭施加量对ALP活性的影响如图3所示。ALP活性随生物炭的施加呈先上升后下降的趋势,与土壤IP含量变化一致,其中T2的ALP活性较CK提升34.00%。
各处理的α多样性指数,包括Chao1和群落丰富度(Observed species )、群落多样性(Simpson与Shannon)、群落均匀度(Pielou evenness)、群落物种覆盖度(Goods coverage)均存在显著差异(表1)。T1、T2的Chao1指数和observed species随生物炭的施加而升高,显著高于CK;T1的Simpson指数和Shannon指数显著高于其他处理。
图4所示,借助PCoA与NMDS分析土壤细菌群落β多样性的差异。为直观分析施加生物炭后的细菌群落结构,基于Bray-Curtis距离开展PCoA分析(图4A)。PCoA1解释了43.3%的群落差异,PCoA2解释了30.0%的群落差异。NMDS结果显示(图4B),土壤细菌群落的胁强系数(stress)为0.000 098 2,小于0.05,表明分析结果具有较好的代表性。T2、T3与CK处于不同象限,说明土壤样本中细菌群落结构组成差异较大;而T1与CK位于同一象限,表明土壤样本中细菌群落结构组成具有较高相似度。
分析各处理土壤细菌群落的物种差异,结果显示土壤样品共计含有12 439个物种(图5A)。其中,CK含15 127个、T1含15 452个、T2含15 328个、T3含14 890个(图5B)。施加不同剂量生物炭后,各处理的土壤物种数量呈现先升高后降低的趋势 (T1>T2>CK>T3),T1的物种数量最多。序列分布也表明,每个亚型均有其自身的微生物种群,各处理中的特异性独立物种数量(图5A)分别占各个处理中总物种的1.98%、2.94%、3.14%、2.52%。
对各处理的土壤细菌进行分类,门水平如图6所示(图中仅显示前20的物种),主要的门包括:放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexota)、热假单胞菌门(Thermoproteota)、NC10门(Methylomirabilota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirota)和水生古细菌门(Methanobacteriota),上述细菌门的平均相对丰度占总菌门的95.38%。对各处理占比超过1.00%的细菌门进行单因素方差分析,除拟杆菌门外,其他细菌门在各处理中均存在显著差异(P<0.01或P<0.05)。其中,放线菌门、芽单胞菌门、绿屈挠菌门、热假单胞菌门、硝化螺旋菌门的丰度随生物炭施加量的增加而增加,酸杆菌门与假单胞菌门的丰度变化趋势与之相反。
图7所示,在属分类水平上,主要优势细菌属为大豆根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)、UBA5189、类诺卡氏属(Nocardioides)、PSRF01、鞘脂菌属(Sphingobium)、沙壤土杆菌属(Ramlibacter)、新鞘氨醇菌属(Novosphingobium)、3-1-20CM-4-69-9SCGC-AG-212-J23以及Azonexus,它们的平均相对丰度占总细菌属的27.51%。类诺卡氏属(放线菌门)、鞘脂菌属(α-变形菌纲)、沙壤土杆菌属、3-1-20CM-4-69-9SCGC-AG-212-J23UBA5189的丰度随生物炭施加量的增加而增加,大豆根瘤菌属、PSRF01和新鞘氨醇菌属的丰度呈下降趋势。
为明确各处理土壤微生物群落的关键种型,对门到属水平进行LEfSe (linear discriminant analysis effect size, LEfSe)分析(图8A)。对CK、T1、T2、T3搜索标志物(LDA>3.37),CK有26个标记物(LDA>3.37,P<0.05),主要微生物类群包括:假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、Blastocatellia纲、根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)、黄色杆菌科(Xanthobacteraceae)、大豆根瘤菌属;T1有47个标记物(LDA>3.37,P<0.05),主要微生物类群包括:放线菌门、γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)、放线菌纲(Actinomycetia)、伯克氏菌目(Burkholderiales)、丙酸杆菌目(Propionibacteriales);T2有23个标记物(LDA>3.37,P<0.05),主要微生物类群包括:NC10门、Methylomirabilia纲、柄杆菌目(Caulobacterales)、红色杆菌目(Rokubacteriales)、CSP16科;T3处理中有2个标记物(LDA>3.37,P<0.05),主要微生物类群是AC69属等。通过分类学分支图对微生物类群进行从门到属的分类鉴定(图8B),CK中假单胞菌门、Blastocatellia纲、根瘤菌目、黄色杆菌科等起重要作用;T1中放线菌门、γ-变形菌纲、o_Limnocylindrales、Actinomycetia纲等起重要作用;T2中NC10门、Methylomirabilia纲、P2-11E目等起重要作用;T3中的AC69属起重要作用。
对土壤中丰度前10的细菌进行Kruskal-Wallis检验(包括门、属水平),物种差异分析结果如图9所示。门分类水平中,芽单胞菌门、假单胞菌门、水生古细菌门、NC10门存在显著差异;属分类水平中,SCGC-AG-212-J23、新鞘氨醇菌属、大豆根瘤菌属、Azonexus属存在显著差异。
对土壤丰度前10的物种进行丰度聚类分析(包括门、属水平),物种差异分析结果如图10所示。在门分类水平中,CK、T1、T2的土壤细菌丰度相似,无显著差异,但T3的土壤细菌丰度存在差异。CK中细菌丰度较高的门类包括:假单胞菌门、拟杆菌门、NC10门、水生古细菌门、酸杆菌门;除NC10门、水生古细菌门、硝化螺旋菌门外,其余细菌门在T1中的丰度较高;T2中丰度较高的门类包括:NC10门、酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门、绿屈挠菌门;T3中丰度较高的菌门为:热假单胞菌门、硝化螺旋菌门。施加不同剂量生物炭后,各处理组的细菌在门水平丰度上存在差异。在属分类水平上,鞘脂菌属、类诺卡氏属、SCGC-AG-212-J233-1-20CM-4-69-9UBA5189PSRF01的分布情况与之相反。
利用冗余分析(RDA)评估不同生物炭施加量处理下各环境因子与土壤细菌群落之间的关系(图11)。在门分类水平上(图11A),土壤pH与含水量、SOM、TN、TK、IP、MBP呈正相关,与AP、TP含量呈负相关。土壤pH、含水量、SOM、TN、TK影响T3细菌门的组成,其中pH的影响作用最大;IP和MBP影响了T2细菌门的组成,其中MBP的影响作用最大。在属分类水平上(图11B),pH、含水量、SOM、TN、TK影响了T1细菌属的组成,其中pH的影响作用最大;CK、T3细菌属组成的影响因素分别为AP、TP和MBP,其中AP与MBP对各处理的影响作用最大。
相关性分析(Spearman)表明,在门水平上土壤pH、含水量、SOM与绿屈挠菌门、热假单胞菌门、硝化螺旋菌门的相对丰度呈正相关;TN、TK与绿屈挠菌门、硝化螺旋菌门的相对丰度呈正相关,IP、MBP与芽单胞菌门的相对丰度呈正相关,但AP与芽单胞菌门的相对丰度呈负相关(图12A)。在属水平上,土壤pH、含水量、SOM与类诺卡氏属、鞘脂菌属呈正相关(图12B)。
生物炭施加显著影响土壤各类磷素转化功能基因的丰度,其中参与有机磷矿化的基因phoD丰度随生物炭施加呈现先上升后下降的趋势(图13A),T2中phoD基因的相对丰度较CK增加9.28%。无机磷溶解基因ppagcd的相对丰度随生物炭施加量的增加呈现上升再下降的趋势(图13B13C),但ppx的相对丰度随着生物炭施加量的增加而减少(图13D)。磷摄取转运基因pstApstBpstS的相对丰度随生物炭施加量的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势(图13E-13H),T2中pstBpstS基因的相对丰度显著高于其他3个处理,但pstC基因的相对丰度在各处理下无显著差异(图13G)。施加生物炭显著改变了磷缺乏响应调控基因的相对丰度(图13I),其中phoR的丰度显著增加。
土壤理化性质显著影响土壤磷转化基因的相对丰度(图14)。phoR基因的相对丰度与土壤pH、含水量、TN、TK、SOM呈正相关;pstS基因相对丰度与IP、MBP呈正相关;pstBppx基因相对丰度与TP、AP呈正相关;ppa基因相对丰度与TN、TK呈正相关;gcd基因相对丰度与含水量、TK呈正相关;但phoD基因相对丰度与TP、AP呈负相关。
磷是土壤养分的限制性元素,植物的生长发育与土壤磷素密切相关[26]。研究发现生物炭能够影响土壤磷含量的变化[27-28]。Sachdeva等[29]的研究结果显示,施加生物炭能够增加土壤IP的含量,这与本研究的结果一致。生物炭能够促使土壤中形成较大的团聚体,间接促进土壤磷的持留,进而增加IP的含量[30]。土壤磷需借助微生物或其分泌的酶进行溶解或矿化,转化为植物能够吸收利用的可溶性磷[31-32]。MBP在有机磷酸盐的矿化过程中发挥重要作用[33],也是土壤磷素转化过程中的主要载体。MBP能够随着微生物自身的代谢过程不断周转释放,供其他微生物或植物吸收利用[34-35]。在本研究中,各处理土壤MBP的含量存在显著差异,随着生物炭施加量的增加,土壤MBP含量呈现先升高后降低的趋势。廖远行等[36]的研究表明,土壤中SOM的含量与MBP的含量呈现极显著正相关,这与本研究的结果一致,生物炭提高了土壤SOM的含量,为微生物的代谢活动提供养分,从而使MBP的含量增加。石宁等[37]发现,施加生物炭能够提高作物对土壤磷的吸收。在本研究中,生物炭施加后土壤AP的含量与IP、MBP含量的变化趋势相反,这可能是由于生物炭促进了作物对磷的吸收,进而使土壤AP的含量下降。Barrow等[38]在研究中指出,土壤磷的有效性会随着pH的增加而增加,在接近中性时达到最大值,这解释了本研究中土壤AP含量的变化。然而土壤TP的含量随生物炭的施加呈现先降低后上升的趋势,这可能是由于施加生物炭增强了土壤ALP的活性,并提高了土壤磷素转化相关的微生物类群及其所携带的功能基因的丰度,从而促进了土壤磷素的转化,加快了土壤磷的利用[39]
土壤微生物与环境之间的影响是相互的,微生物通过各种代谢活动改变土壤环境,同时微生物群落的组成及其多样性能够反映土壤质量[40-41]。本研究发现,生物炭能够增加微生物的多样性与丰富度,这是由于生物炭能够为微生物提供碳、氮、磷等营养物质,刺激土壤微生物的生长和繁殖,改变土壤理化性质,提升微生物活性并丰富其多样性[41-43]。本研究中,生物炭施加显著影响了放线菌门、酸杆菌门、假单胞菌门、绿屈挠菌门、芽单胞菌门等磷循环功能类群的相对丰度,这与高文慧等[44]、叶扬等[45]的研究结果一致。这些微生物类群作为携带phoD基因的优势菌门[46],它们的富集有效促进了土壤有机磷的矿化作用。
土壤pH与磷组分的含量是影响土壤细菌群落结构变化的关键因素。大量研究证明,生物炭对于土壤细菌群落分布的影响主要受到土壤pH、TP、TN的影响[39-40,46],这与本研究的结果一致。低磷含量的土壤中phoD基因的相对丰度显著高于磷含量高的土壤[47],土壤磷含量也是影响携带磷循环功能基因微生物类群的驱动因素。本研究中,土壤磷含量低的处理中磷循环优势菌相对丰度高。因此生物炭施加对土壤细菌群落结构的影响主要是由于土壤环境的变化,在这些土壤性质中pH与磷组分含量对细菌群落组成的影响较大。
土壤磷循环功能基因是反映土壤磷循环过程强度的最直接指标[45]。宏基因组分析结果表明,生物炭施加能够显著影响有机磷矿化基因phoD、无机磷溶解基因ppagcd、磷摄取转运基因pstApstBpstS以及磷缺乏响应调控基因phoR的丰度。phoD基因是土壤中重要的ALP表达基因,土壤中众多微生物携带phoD,因此可作为有机磷矿化功能的关键分子标记[48-50]。研究发现phoD基因的相对丰度在土壤缺磷的条件下显著提高[51]phoD作为编码碱性磷酸酶的关键基因,其表达程度会受到磷饥饿的调控,phoD的表达与土壤磷的含量呈负相关[52]。本研究中,phoD基因的相对丰度受生物炭施加的影响显著,其中T2的phoD基因相对丰度最高,这组处理中的土壤磷含量最低,这可能是由于磷缺乏增强了phoD基因的表达,且phoD编码的ALP活性与基因相对丰度的变化一致。这表明在土壤缺磷情况下,施加生物炭能够增强phoD基因的表达,提高碱性磷酸酶的活性,加快有机磷矿化为无机磷的过程,增加无机磷的含量,缓解土壤缺磷的状况。
生物炭施加改变了土壤理化性质与土壤酶的活性,为土壤微生物提供了适宜环境,显著增加了土壤细菌群落的多样性,并富集了土壤磷循环相关微生物类群(放线菌门、酸杆菌门、绿屈挠菌门、假单胞菌门、类诺卡氏属、鞘脂菌属),提高了土壤磷循环功能基因的丰度,从而提高了土壤磷的有效性。
  • 黑龙江省高等学校基本科研业务费项目(2021-KYYWF-0172)
  • 新一轮黑龙江省“双一流”学科协同创新成果项目(LJGXCG2024-P30)
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2025年第65卷第8期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250161
  • 接收时间:2025-02-28
  • 首发时间:2026-02-06
  • 出版时间:2025-08-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-28
  • 录用日期:2025-06-28
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Project of Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses for Higher Education Institutions in Heilongjiang Province(2021-KYYWF-0172)
黑龙江省高等学校基本科研业务费项目(2021-KYYWF-0172)
A New Round of Heilongjiang Province “Double First-class” Discipline Collaborative Innovation Achievement Project(LJGXCG2024-P30)
新一轮黑龙江省“双一流”学科协同创新成果项目(LJGXCG2024-P30)
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    1.哈尔滨师范大学 生命科学与技术学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨
    2.黑龙江农业经济职业学院,黑龙江 牡丹江

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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