Article(id=1226460582652588159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226460576751206672, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250275, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1743609600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1751558400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-04, onlineDate=1770340589440, onlineDateStr=2026-02-06, pubDate=1754236800000, pubDateStr=2025-08-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770340589440, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770340589440, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770340589440, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226460576751206672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3812', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770340588033, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770363610188, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226557138735117113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226460576751206672, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226557138735117114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226460576751206672, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3383, endPage=3396, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226460583021686950, articleId=1226460582652588159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Effects of typical black soil acidification on major microbial groups, columnId=1226460577816559897, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Microbiome in Black Soils, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] Black soil acidification may exacerbate the soil degradation processes and reduce microbial functions, thus threatening the crucial role of the northeast region in guaranteeing the food security of China. Unraveling the impacts of soil acidification on the soil microbial community and its underlying mechanisms can help clarify the relationship between soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization and soil acidification. [Methods] Soil samples with different acidification degrees were collected from the corn belts of black soil regions. The changes of living microbial groups in the soil samples with different pH were investigated by the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Additionally, the relationship between changes in the soil physicochemical properties and microbial community composition was analyzed. [Results] A threshold effect of black soil acidification on SOC was identified in the corn belts. Moderate acidification did not cause significant changes in SOC. However, when pH dropped below a certain threshold (6.75), further acidification resulted in a significant loss of SOC. The cation buffering effect in soil changed significantly with different acidification degrees. Calcium ion was primarily responsible for buffering black soil acidification, while when the pH fell below 6.00, both calcium and magnesium ions buffered the acidification. Soil acidification imposed noticeable stress on soil microorganism growth. Different microbial groups exhibited an S-shaped response pattern, with PLFA content initially decreasing, remaining stable within the range of pH 5.25-6.25, and subsequently declining as acidification progressed. However, different microbial groups exhibited varying sensitivities to soil acidification. Gram-negative bacteria were the most sensitive, followed by Gram-positive bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Fungi, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, may play a crucial role in stabilizing SOC during soil acidification. [Conclusion] Soil acidification significantly alters the structure of the living microbial community, primarily through changes in cation exchange capacity and substrate availability, which further affect SOC accumulation. These findings provide scientific support for developing management strategies to alleviate black soil degradation and acidification.

, correspAuthors=Xudong ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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【目的】 黑土酸化将加剧土壤退化过程,导致微生物功能下降,威胁东北黑土区粮食产能的发挥。厘清土壤酸化过程对微生物群落的影响及其控制机理,能明确土壤有机碳稳定化和酸化阻控的效应关系。 【方法】 采集玉米带典型黑土区不同酸化程度的土壤样品,应用磷脂脂肪酸分析技术从细胞生物学角度探究微生物类群对黑土酸化的响应;分析不同酸化程度土壤基本理化性质变化与微生物群落的关系。 【结果】 玉米带黑土酸化对土壤有机碳的影响存在阈值效应,适度酸化并未引起有机碳含量的显著变化,但当pH下降至某一阈值(6.75)时,酸化则会造成有机碳的损失。土壤酸化的不同阶段阳离子缓冲机制存在明显差异,钙离子在黑土酸化的不同阶段均起到重要的缓冲作用,但当pH<6.00时,钙离子和镁离子共同起到酸化缓冲作用。黑土酸化对微生物产生了明显的胁迫,随着酸化程度的加剧,各类群PLFA含量呈现先下降,随后在pH为5.25-6.25范围保持相对稳定,随后又显著下降的“S”型变化规律。然而,不同微生物类群对土壤酸化的敏感性不同,相对来说,革兰氏阴性细菌对土壤酸化最为敏感,其次是革兰氏阳性细菌和丛枝菌根真菌。真菌,尤其是丛枝菌根真菌,在土壤酸化过程中对有机碳稳定可能起到了尤为重要的作用。 【结论】 土壤酸化过程中,阳离子的交换能力和底物可利用性的变化显著改变了活体微生物群落结构,进而影响土壤有机碳的积累。本研究结果为制定合理的控酸培肥措施提供了依据。

, correspAuthors=张旭东, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Vlct4IFjm0RJxT7ej/Id6g==, magXml=F2tQmpHQ8mO/J9pvQKhCJA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=eYeUgKSAcfb1fbInQy8GCg==, pdfFileSize=2511389, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=DonkhoAqfvyreZqYCtKDGA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ZNpzgEVEMEgCAdJla5faHQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

作者贡献声明

邓芳博:撰写文章、数据分析、获取基金;刘书哲:样品采集、实验操作、数据分析、撰写初稿;张威:论文修改、文稿审查;朱雪峰:分析方法、论文修改;鲍雪莲:软件程序、文稿审查;陈智文:调研、样品采集;何红波:样品采集、框架指导、论文思想、获取基金;张旭东:获取基金、样品采集、框架指导。

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Rhizosphere, 2025, 33: 101028., articleTitle=Soil acidification reduces flavonoids and key metabolites in sugarcane roots and rhizosphere leading to yield decline, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226596311915475539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=930, issue=null, pageStart=172671, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=49, authorNames=WANG FW, GAO Y, LI X, LUAN MD, WANG XY, ZHAO YW, ZHOU XH, DU GZ, WANG P, YE CL, GUO H, journalName=Science of The Total Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG FW, GAO Y, LI X, LUAN MD, WANG XY, ZHAO YW, ZHOU XH, DU GZ, WANG P, YE CL, GUO H. Changes in microbial composition explain the contrasting responses of glucose and lignin decomposition to soil acidification in an alpine grassland[J]. 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Global diversity and geography of soil fungi[J]. Science, 2014, 346(6213): 1256688., articleTitle=Global diversity and geography of soil fungi, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226596313756775016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=45, issue=null, pageStart=100923, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=56, authorNames=CANINI F, GEML J, D’ACQUI LP, SELBMANN L, ONOFRI S, VENTURA S, ZUCCONI L, journalName=Fungal Ecology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CANINI F, GEML J, D’ACQUI LP, SELBMANN L, ONOFRI S, VENTURA S, ZUCCONI L. Exchangeable cations and pH drive diversity and functionality of fungal communities in biological soil crusts from coastal sites of Victoria Land, Antarctica[J]. Fungal Ecology, 2020, 45: 100923., articleTitle=Exchangeable cations and pH drive diversity and functionality of fungal communities in biological soil crusts from coastal sites of Victoria Land, Antarctica, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1226596304260870386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, awardId=U22A20610, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20610), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226596304378310904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, awardId=U22A20610, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(U22A20610), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226596304483168507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, awardId=42207370, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(42207370), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226596304575443203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, awardId=XDA28010301, language=EN, fundingSource=Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28010301), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226596304680300812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, awardId=XDA28010301, language=CN, fundingSource=中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28010301), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226596295444443835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226596295461221053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, companyId=1226596295444443835, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226596295465415360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, companyId=1226596295444443835, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁 沈阳)]), AuthorCompany(id=1226596295578661575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226596295582855882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, companyId=1226596295578661575, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226596295595438795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, companyId=1226596295578661575, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.山东师范大学 地理与环境学院,山东 济南)]), AuthorCompany(id=1226596295700296402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226596295712879317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, companyId=1226596295700296402, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Jilin New Fertilizer Research Center, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226596295977120497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, companyId=1226596295700296402, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.吉林师范大学 吉林省新型肥料研究中心,吉林 四平)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1226596301610070157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Correlation between soil pH and soil exchangeable cations (A-E), and soil carbon, nitrogen-related properties (F-L). CEC: Cation exchange capacity; SOC: Soil organic carbon; DOC: Dissolved organic carbon; TN: Total nitrogen; C/N: Ratio of soil organic carbon to total nitrogen; NH4+-N: Ammonium; NO3--N: Nitrate. The same below., figureFileSmall=yivCl5AP8S510fRWJkYeTw==, figureFileBig=g1i6SAQ0glydFNcc+3jL5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596301723316373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, language=CN, label=图1, caption=土壤pH与土壤交换性阳离子(A-E)、土壤碳、氮相关指标(F-L)的相关关系。CEC:阳离子交换量;SOC:土壤有机碳;TN:土壤总氮含量;C/N:土壤有机碳与总氮之比;DOC:可溶性有机碳;DOC/SOC:可溶性有机碳与有机碳的比值;NH4+-N:土壤铵态氮;NO3--N:土壤硝态氮。下同。, figureFileSmall=yivCl5AP8S510fRWJkYeTw==, figureFileBig=g1i6SAQ0glydFNcc+3jL5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596301886894243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Correlation between soil pH and total PLFA (A), the relative abundance of individual microbial groups (B-H), and the PLFA ratios of different groups (I-L). G+: Gram-positive bacterial PLFAs; G-: Gram-negative bacterial PLFAs; AMF: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal PLFAs; SF: Saprotrophic fungal PLFAs; MSI: microbial stress indicator., figureFileSmall=dId1+ir1LwRL8aXBZPC6Kw==, figureFileBig=3xzHyaInr9SzWIP8b9ling==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596301995946157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, language=CN, label=图2, caption=土壤pH与总磷脂脂肪酸含量(A)、各微生物类群PLFA相对含量(B-H)以及不同类群含量之比(I-L)的关系。G+:革兰氏阳性细菌;G-:革兰氏阴性细菌;Actinomycetes:放线菌;AMF:丛枝菌根真菌;SF:腐生真菌;MSI:微生物胁迫指数。, figureFileSmall=dId1+ir1LwRL8aXBZPC6Kw==, figureFileBig=3xzHyaInr9SzWIP8b9ling==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596302100803767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=The principal component analysis (PCA) visualization of the effect of soil pH on microbial PLFA composition., figureFileSmall=agGVQU3rmE/ktu/68KaI8Q==, figureFileBig=hqNLxgaeWtxUBlPaR/5NCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596302239215809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, language=CN, label=图3, caption=土壤pH对微生物磷脂脂肪酸影响的主成分分析图, figureFileSmall=agGVQU3rmE/ktu/68KaI8Q==, figureFileBig=hqNLxgaeWtxUBlPaR/5NCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596302331490501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Redundancy analysis (A) and structural equation model analysis (B) of soil microbial traits and soil physicochemical properties. In the SEM, solid lines indicate significant paths (P<0.05), dashed lines indicate non-significant paths (P>0.05). The values next to the solid lines represent standardized path coefficients. Blue lines represent negative effects, and red lines represent positive effects. The width of solid lines reflects the relative contribution of each path., figureFileSmall=xbfg48M97DSiLtrmDzxktA==, figureFileBig=dhkF9kbKNBGuZl2TOFRU1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596302482485457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, language=CN, label=图4, caption=土壤微生物群落与土壤理化性质的冗余分析(A)及结构方程模型分析(B)。结构方程模型中实线表示路径显著(P<0.05),虚线表示路径不显著(P>0.05)。路径旁边的值代表标准化路径系数;蓝线代表负路径,红线代表正路径;线宽反映各路径的贡献大小。, figureFileSmall=xbfg48M97DSiLtrmDzxktA==, figureFileBig=dhkF9kbKNBGuZl2TOFRU1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596302608314584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Description of collected soil samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample IDLongitudeLatitudeSoil typeSoil pH
1125°1′33.70′′E43°41′0.47′′NPhaeozem5.67
2124°47′26.37′′E43°53′0.74′′NPhaeozem5.95
3124°7′29.46′′E43°15′44.59′′NPhaeozem4.77
4124°10′18.44′′E43°21′49.31′′NChernozem5.58
5124°4′21.01′′E43°19′45.71′′NPhaeozem5.51
6124°13′48.39′′E43°21′15.20′′NPhaeozem5.23
7125°5′13.08′′E43°41′44.43′′NPhaeozem5.56
8124°19′43.69′′E43°22′8.97′′NPhaeozem5.43
9125°5′44.34′′E43°40′29.20′′NPhaeozem5.41
10124°33′24.67′′E43°20′52.34′′NPhaeozem5.23
11124°10′47.42′′E43°25′40.90′′NPhaeozem4.97
12124°53′0.91′′E43°31′49.07′′NPhaeozem5.94
13124°25′48.41′′E43°16′29.10′′NPhaeozem5.42
14124°14′26.30′′E43°18′53.47′′NChernozem6.32
15124°7′11.79′′E43°20′22.66′′NPhaeozem5.50
16124°51′33.02′′E43°27′36.67′′NPhaeozem5.00
17124°32′45.98′′E43°20′35.16′′NPhaeozem5.11
18124°24′55.57′′E43°36′1.65′′NChernozem7.77
19124°14′26.30′′E43°18′53.47′′NChernozem7.73
20124°5′23.40′′E43°18′49.02′′NChernozem7.89
21124°15′13.66′′E43°16′54.08′′NPhaeozem5.26
22124°14′26.30′′E43°18′53.47′′NChernozem7.27
23124°14′26.30′′E43°18′53.47′′NChernozem5.64
24124°42′48.62′′E43°23′39.28′′NAquolls6.27
25124°36′54.10′′E43°19′51.16′′NAquolls6.84
26124°12′17.04′′E43°22′14.88′′NChernozem7.84
27125°3′32.79′′E43°50′37.07′′NPhaeozem6.23
28125°1′35.95′′E43°41′1.96′′NPhaeozem6.87
29124°26′32.52′′E43°17′30.36′′NPhaeozem5.13
30124°45′31.46′′E43°32′48.90′′NAquolls5.24
31124°14′28.74′′E43°18′51.44′′NChernozem5.99
32124°27′29.24′′E43°37′22.45′′NChernozem7.89
33124°14′25.93′′E43°19′8.20′′NChernozem7.11
34124°23′40.96′′E43°32′45.14′′NChernozem7.88
35124°24′25.80′′E43°16′55.21′′NPhaeozem5.08
36124°14′29.51′′E43°19′8.24′′NChernozem6.04
37124°28′59.73′′E43°20′13.10′′NPhaeozem6.09
38124°14′26.30′′E43°18′53.47′′NChernozem7.79
), ArticleFig(id=1226596302784475365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460582652588159, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

土壤样品的基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample IDLongitudeLatitudeSoil typeSoil pH
1125°1′33.70′′E43°41′0.47′′NPhaeozem5.67
2124°47′26.37′′E43°53′0.74′′NPhaeozem5.95
3124°7′29.46′′E43°15′44.59′′NPhaeozem4.77
4124°10′18.44′′E43°21′49.31′′NChernozem5.58
5124°4′21.01′′E43°19′45.71′′NPhaeozem5.51
6124°13′48.39′′E43°21′15.20′′NPhaeozem5.23
7125°5′13.08′′E43°41′44.43′′NPhaeozem5.56
8124°19′43.69′′E43°22′8.97′′NPhaeozem5.43
9125°5′44.34′′E43°40′29.20′′NPhaeozem5.41
10124°33′24.67′′E43°20′52.34′′NPhaeozem5.23
11124°10′47.42′′E43°25′40.90′′NPhaeozem4.97
12124°53′0.91′′E43°31′49.07′′NPhaeozem5.94
13124°25′48.41′′E43°16′29.10′′NPhaeozem5.42
14124°14′26.30′′E43°18′53.47′′NChernozem6.32
15124°7′11.79′′E43°20′22.66′′NPhaeozem5.50
16124°51′33.02′′E43°27′36.67′′NPhaeozem5.00
17124°32′45.98′′E43°20′35.16′′NPhaeozem5.11
18124°24′55.57′′E43°36′1.65′′NChernozem7.77
19124°14′26.30′′E43°18′53.47′′NChernozem7.73
20124°5′23.40′′E43°18′49.02′′NChernozem7.89
21124°15′13.66′′E43°16′54.08′′NPhaeozem5.26
22124°14′26.30′′E43°18′53.47′′NChernozem7.27
23124°14′26.30′′E43°18′53.47′′NChernozem5.64
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典型黑土酸化对主要微生物类群的影响规律
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邓芳博 1 , 刘书哲 1, 2 , 张威 1 , 朱雪峰 1 , 鲍雪莲 1 , 陈智文 3 , 何红波 1 , 张旭东 1, *
微生物学报 | 黑土地微生物组 2025,65(8): 3383-3396
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微生物学报 | 黑土地微生物组 2025, 65(8): 3383-3396
典型黑土酸化对主要微生物类群的影响规律
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邓芳博1, 刘书哲1, 2, 张威1, 朱雪峰1, 鲍雪莲1, 陈智文3, 何红波1, 张旭东1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁 沈阳
  • 2.山东师范大学 地理与环境学院,山东 济南
  • 3.吉林师范大学 吉林省新型肥料研究中心,吉林 四平
Effects of typical black soil acidification on major microbial groups
Fangbo DENG1, Shuzhe LIU1, 2, Wei ZHANG1, Xuefeng ZHU1, Xuelian BAO1, Zhiwen CHEN3, Hongbo HE1, Xudong ZHANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
  • 2.College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
  • 3.Jilin New Fertilizer Research Center, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin, China
出版时间: 2025-08-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250275
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【目的】 黑土酸化将加剧土壤退化过程,导致微生物功能下降,威胁东北黑土区粮食产能的发挥。厘清土壤酸化过程对微生物群落的影响及其控制机理,能明确土壤有机碳稳定化和酸化阻控的效应关系。 【方法】 采集玉米带典型黑土区不同酸化程度的土壤样品,应用磷脂脂肪酸分析技术从细胞生物学角度探究微生物类群对黑土酸化的响应;分析不同酸化程度土壤基本理化性质变化与微生物群落的关系。 【结果】 玉米带黑土酸化对土壤有机碳的影响存在阈值效应,适度酸化并未引起有机碳含量的显著变化,但当pH下降至某一阈值(6.75)时,酸化则会造成有机碳的损失。土壤酸化的不同阶段阳离子缓冲机制存在明显差异,钙离子在黑土酸化的不同阶段均起到重要的缓冲作用,但当pH<6.00时,钙离子和镁离子共同起到酸化缓冲作用。黑土酸化对微生物产生了明显的胁迫,随着酸化程度的加剧,各类群PLFA含量呈现先下降,随后在pH为5.25-6.25范围保持相对稳定,随后又显著下降的“S”型变化规律。然而,不同微生物类群对土壤酸化的敏感性不同,相对来说,革兰氏阴性细菌对土壤酸化最为敏感,其次是革兰氏阳性细菌和丛枝菌根真菌。真菌,尤其是丛枝菌根真菌,在土壤酸化过程中对有机碳稳定可能起到了尤为重要的作用。 【结论】 土壤酸化过程中,阳离子的交换能力和底物可利用性的变化显著改变了活体微生物群落结构,进而影响土壤有机碳的积累。本研究结果为制定合理的控酸培肥措施提供了依据。

黑土酸化  /  微生物群落  /  土壤有机质  /  交换性阳离子

[Objective] Black soil acidification may exacerbate the soil degradation processes and reduce microbial functions, thus threatening the crucial role of the northeast region in guaranteeing the food security of China. Unraveling the impacts of soil acidification on the soil microbial community and its underlying mechanisms can help clarify the relationship between soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization and soil acidification. [Methods] Soil samples with different acidification degrees were collected from the corn belts of black soil regions. The changes of living microbial groups in the soil samples with different pH were investigated by the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Additionally, the relationship between changes in the soil physicochemical properties and microbial community composition was analyzed. [Results] A threshold effect of black soil acidification on SOC was identified in the corn belts. Moderate acidification did not cause significant changes in SOC. However, when pH dropped below a certain threshold (6.75), further acidification resulted in a significant loss of SOC. The cation buffering effect in soil changed significantly with different acidification degrees. Calcium ion was primarily responsible for buffering black soil acidification, while when the pH fell below 6.00, both calcium and magnesium ions buffered the acidification. Soil acidification imposed noticeable stress on soil microorganism growth. Different microbial groups exhibited an S-shaped response pattern, with PLFA content initially decreasing, remaining stable within the range of pH 5.25-6.25, and subsequently declining as acidification progressed. However, different microbial groups exhibited varying sensitivities to soil acidification. Gram-negative bacteria were the most sensitive, followed by Gram-positive bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Fungi, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, may play a crucial role in stabilizing SOC during soil acidification. [Conclusion] Soil acidification significantly alters the structure of the living microbial community, primarily through changes in cation exchange capacity and substrate availability, which further affect SOC accumulation. These findings provide scientific support for developing management strategies to alleviate black soil degradation and acidification.

black soil acidification  /  soil microbial community  /  soil organic matter  /  exchangeable cations
邓芳博, 刘书哲, 张威, 朱雪峰, 鲍雪莲, 陈智文, 何红波, 张旭东. 典型黑土酸化对主要微生物类群的影响规律. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (8) : 3383 -3396 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250275
Fangbo DENG, Shuzhe LIU, Wei ZHANG, Xuefeng ZHU, Xuelian BAO, Zhiwen CHEN, Hongbo HE, Xudong ZHANG. Effects of typical black soil acidification on major microbial groups[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (8) : 3383 -3396 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250275
我国东北黑土区是世界四大黑土区之一,也是三大黄金玉米带之一,粮食产量占全国的1/4,是国家粮食安全的重要保障。然而,长期重用轻养的传统耕作方式导致黑土严重退化。目前对黑土退化的研究主要集中在土壤有机质含量下降导致的变瘦、变薄、变硬等问题上,却很少关注酸化问题,忽视了黑土酸化与黑土退化的关联。近几十年来,黑土区土壤pH值总体呈降低趋势,从20世纪80年代到21世纪初,黑土pH平均值由7.08下降到6.49[1-4],pH值小于5.50的耕地已经占到26.5%[5]。吉林省地处“黄金玉米带”,土壤酸化具有典型性。研究显示,1980-2023年间,0-30 cm土层的pH年均下降速率为0.004 2单位,高于整个黑土区的平均下降速率0.003 8单位[6],酸化耕地面积(pH<6.5)已占该区域耕地总面积的45%以上[7]。化学氮肥的长期大量施用是农田土壤酸化的主要驱动因子之一,国家统计局数据显示(https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/ndsj/),吉林省的化肥施用量从1999年的112.5万t增长至2017年的233.6万t,并持续维持在222万t以上。与此同时,受作物氮素同化过程中残留的H+积累、秸秆长期离田导致的盐基离子流失,以及日益加剧的大气干湿氮沉降等因素的影响[6,8-9],土壤酸化程度还在加剧,严重影响土壤的生产和生态功能[10]。因此,明确土壤酸化过程中涉及的生物、化学等诸多性质的变化,才能有效遏制黑土酸化,提升黑土产能,从而保证东北黑土区农业生产的可持续发展。
土壤酸化是土壤中氢离子增加的过程。土壤交换性阳离子是指吸附在土壤胶体表面,能与本体溶液中其他阳离子进行等当量交换的阳离子。在土壤酸化过程中,盐基阳离子(如K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+)可以置换酸性离子(H+、Al3+),从而缓冲土壤酸化,维持土壤的化学平衡[11]。土壤有机质的有机胶体富含羟基和羧基等含氧官能团,使其表面带负电荷,具有螯合Ca2+、Mg2+等阳离子的能力,因此通常情况下有机质含量高的土壤对酸具有很好的缓冲性[12]。然而在酸性土壤中,土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon, SOC)可能因矿物保护不足或微生物群落结构改变而更容易被分解[13],进而影响其对酸化阻控的持续性。例如,氮肥施用引起的土壤酸化会导致颗粒有机碳分解增加,而矿物结合态有机碳含量变化不显著[14],这可能与微生物在酸胁迫下将更多碳分配于维持代谢活动、导致碳利用效率降低有关[14-15]。此外,酸化会增加铁和铝氧化物表面正电荷,从而增强对带负电荷有机质的吸附能力,改变有机质与矿物的结合机制,进而影响有机质的组成和稳定性[13]。因此,亟需探讨黑土酸化与有机质稳定性的关系,明确土壤有机质和交换性阳离子对酸化的阻控作用。
土壤微生物是影响土壤有机碳形成和稳定的核心和内驱力[16]。在土壤酸化过程中,pH的直接变化以及酸化引起的底物可利用性变化均会显著影响微生物的群落结构和营养利用策略[17-18],进而影响土壤碳的化学组成和有机碳的稳定性变化[19]。对于细菌来说,土壤酸化可能会通过改变细胞结构或通过理化性质的变化间接地影响细菌群落结构[20]。研究发现细菌对酸化土壤的耐受性较差,虽然革兰氏阳性细菌(Gram-positive bacteria, G+)相对革兰氏阴性细菌(Gram-negative bacteria, G-)具有更厚的细胞壁,使其在土壤酸化时具有更强的抗性[21]。然而,当土壤pH值小于5.0时,细菌的耐受性已处于极限,其数量显著下降[22-23]。当土壤酸化程度进一步加剧,即pH值达到4.0-4.5时,土壤细菌群落的网络结构变得简单化[24],不利于群落的稳定与生态功能的发挥。此外,土壤酸化也会影响真菌的群落结构和功能,进而影响真菌对于有机质的分解转化与土壤养分的周转和释放[25]。尽管与细菌相比,真菌因其细胞壁更厚且具有独特的菌丝网络[26],通常被认为在酸化土壤中具有更强的适应性,但真菌主导的微生物主要参与纤维素及木质素等难分解物质的降解[27],可能会降低酸化土壤中有机碳的稳定性。因此土壤本身的生物群落特征以及非生物因素等均可能会影响微生物群落对酸化的响应及其后续介导的土壤生物化学过程。然而在黑土酸化过程中,活体微生物群落的响应模式、引起微生物发生变化的酸化阈值以及其与有机碳的关系仍需要进一步探究。
本研究在我国玉米带黑土区采集了不同酸化程度的土壤样品,测定了土壤有机碳含量、阳离子交换量(cation exchange capacity, CEC)、土壤磷脂脂肪酸(phospholipid fatty acid, PLFA)及其他理化指标,旨在从细胞生物学角度探究黑土酸化对活体微生物群落的影响,确定引起黑土微生物发生变化的酸化阈值和关键因子。本研究将为深入了解黑土酸化缓冲机制,为将来促进有机碳的积累、遏制黑土酸化问题,进一步发挥东北黑土产能以及保护东北黑土区粮食安全提供理论支持。
根据吉林省不同地区农田土壤类型和pH分布特征,2022年11月8日至2022年11月10日在吉林省玉米带典型黑土区的梨树县和公主岭市采集了不同酸化程度的表层(0-20 cm)土壤样品38份,其中公主岭市9份,pH 5.00-7.00;梨树县29份,pH 4.50-8.00 (表1)。采集的土壤样品涵盖了黑钙土、黑土和草甸黑土,包括中性或碱性土壤样品(pH>6.50) 11份、弱酸化土壤样品(5.50<pH≤6.50) 14份和强酸性土壤样品(pH≤5.50) 13份。
采集的土壤样品装入自封袋,放入保温箱内并尽快带回实验室。土壤样品过2 mm筛,去除植物残留物和可见石块后混合均匀。一部分保存在4 ℃冰箱,用于测定土壤含水量(soil water content, SWC)、铵态氮(ammonium nitrogen, NH4+-N)、硝态氮(nitrate nitrogen, NO3--N)和可溶性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon, DOC);一部分保存在-20 ℃冰箱,用于PLFA的提取和测定;剩余部分样品风干,用于测定土壤pH、交换性阳离子、SOC和总氮(total nitrogen, TN)。
土壤理化性质测定采用《土壤农业化学分析方法》中的常规分析方法[28]。土壤pH采用去除二氧化碳的蒸馏水按风干土与水质量体积比1:2.5提取,用pH计测定。土壤有机碳含量采用重铬酸钾氧化法测定。土壤总氮含量用元素分析仪(Elementar vario公司)测定。土壤硝态氮、铵态氮利用2 mol/L的氯化钾溶液按鲜土与溶液的质量体积比1:2.5提取,用连续流动分析仪(Technicon公司)测定。可溶性有机碳用超纯水按鲜土与水的质量体积比1:5提取,经0.45 μm滤膜过滤后用TOC分析仪(Analytik Jena公司)测定。土壤阳离子交换量和交换性盐基的测定依照《中性土壤阳离子交换量和交换性盐基的测定》(NY/T 295—1995)[29],土壤可交换酸度的测定依照《土壤可交换酸度的测定氯化钡提取-滴定法》(HJ 631—2011)[30]
磷脂脂肪酸是活体微生物细胞膜的重要组成成分,可作为生物标识物从细胞水平指示细菌、真菌、放线菌等微生物类群的生物量和群落结构。PLFA的提取和分析依据Liang等[31]的方法。使用配备25 m×0.20 mm×0.33 μm HP-ULTRA 2色谱柱和氢火焰电离检测器的Agilent 7890B气相色谱仪(Agilent Technologies公司)对提取物进行分析。使用Sherlock微生物鉴定系统(MIDI公司)鉴定脂肪酸。使用含有直链饱和脂肪酸甲酯和羟基脂肪酸甲酯混合物作为标准品。用已知浓度的十九烷酸(19:0)作为内标,将峰面积转换为单位土壤质量的PLFA含量(nmol/g)。最后将获得的PLFAs归类为放线菌(actinomycetes)、真菌和细菌,其中真菌包括腐生真菌(saprotrophic fungi, SF)和丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF),细菌包括革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌[32-33]。例如,细菌标志脂肪酸为12:0、14:0、15:0、18:0、20:0、14:0 iso、15:0 anteiso、15:0 iso、15:1 iso ω6c、16:0 iso、17:0 anteiso、17:0 iso、17:1 iso ω9c、16:1 ω7c、17:0 cyclo ω7c、17:1 ω8c、18:1 ω7c、19:0 cyclo ω7c、21:1 ω3c等;放线菌标志脂肪酸为16:0 10-methyl、17:0 10-methyl、17:1 ω7c 10-methyl、18:0 10-methyl等;真菌标志性脂肪酸为18:1 ω9c、18:2 ω6c、16:1 ω5c等。
微生物胁迫指数(microbial stress indicator, MSI)的计算方法为(17:0 cyclo ω7c+19:0 cyclo ω7c):(16:1 ω7c+18:1 ω7c),用于表征微生物群落的营养胁迫状态,比值越大表明微生物受到的养分胁迫程度越严重[33-35]
总磷脂脂肪酸生物量与土壤有机碳的比值(PLFA/SOC)表示每单位土壤有机碳能够支持的微生物生物量大小,用以反映微生物对有机碳的利用效率,数值越高说明微生物对土壤有机碳的利用效率越高[36]
采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov方法评估数据分布的正态性,并通过Levene方差检验评估数据的方差齐性。利用OriginPro 2021软件进行函数拟合和主成分分析(PCA)。在拟合过程中,去除异常值后根据拟合参数(P值、R2值、AIC值)确定拟合模型。通过PCA区分不同微生物类群受黑土酸化的影响程度。利用Canoco 5.0软件进行冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA),并采用蒙特卡罗排列的正向选择程序筛选对PLFA组成具有重要影响的因子。使用R语言中的lavaan包进行结构方程模型分析,以评估土壤酸化与交换性阳离子浓度、微生物底物可利用性、微生物功能类群和SOC之间的直接和间接联系。模型中选择最大似然估计方法进行拟合,并使用P值、卡方值(χ2)、拟合优度指数(goodness of fit index, GFI)和均方根误差(root mean square error of approximation, RMSEA)评估模型的拟合度。
土壤pH与交换性酸总量呈指数相关关系(R2=0.85),说明在本研究样本范围内pH值可以准确反映土壤酸度。进一步分析pH与土壤交换性阳离子的关系发现(图1A1E),pH与CEC和Ca2+呈“S”型正相关关系。在pH>7.00时,二者随酸化显著下降;当pH由7.00降到6.00时,CEC基本不变,Ca2+缓慢下降;继续酸化时,二者均显著下降(图1A1B)。Mg2+浓度随着土壤酸化先升后降,在pH 6.00时达到最大值(图1C)。
对土壤pH与碳、氮相关指标进行拟合发现(图1F-1L),黑土酸化程度与SOC和TN呈显著的非线性相关关系(图1F-1G)。在pH大于6.75的范围内,SOC和TN略有增加但变化不显著;当pH下降到6.75后,随pH的下降显著降低。土壤碳氮比(C/N)在pH>6.75的范围内随pH的降低而增加,而在pH<6.75的范围内不随pH发生显著变化(图1H)。DOC及DOC/SOC随土壤酸化无明显变化(图1I1J)。对土壤矿质氮含量分析发现,土壤铵态氮与pH呈显著的线性正相关关系,随土壤酸化程度加剧显著降低(图1K),而与硝态氮的关系不显著(图1L)。
土壤总PLFA含量与土壤pH呈显著的“S”型正相关关系(图2A)。在pH>6.25和pH<5.25的土壤中,PLFA含量随土壤pH降低而快速下降;而在pH 5.25-6.25范围内,PLFA含量相对稳定,不随pH的变化而发生显著变化(图2A)。对土壤pH与各微生物类群PLFA相对含量进行拟合分析发现(图2B-2H),不同微生物类群PLFA含量随pH降低的下降幅度不同:细菌、放线菌和腐生真菌的相对含量与pH无显著相关关系,表明其生物量的变化与PLFA总量的变化规律相似;革兰氏阳性菌的相对含量先随pH的降低而增加,当pH下降到5.25时随pH的降低而下降,表明其生物量在pH>5.25范围内下降幅度慢于群落整体水平,而在pH<5.25时快于群落整体水平;革兰氏阴性菌的相对含量与土壤pH呈显著负线性相关,表明其生物量在整个pH梯度的下降速度始终快于群落总体水平;真菌(包括AMF)的生物量变化规律与革兰氏阳性菌刚好相反,即在pH>5.25时下降快于群落整体水平,而在pH<5.25时慢于群落整体水平。
在黑土酸化过程中,土壤真菌/细菌比值(F/B)先下降后增加,在pH为5.50附近达到最小值(图2I),表明相较于细菌生物量,土壤真菌生物量在pH>5.50的范围内随pH下降的幅度更大,而在pH<5.50的范围内下降幅度更小。革兰氏阳性菌与革兰氏阴性菌的比值(G+/G-)与F/B相反,随pH的下降先增加后降低,在pH为5.25处达到最大值(图2J),表明相较于G-,在pH>5.25的范围内G+的生物量下降幅度更小,而在pH<5.25范围内下降幅度更大。丛枝菌根真菌与腐生真菌的比值(AMF/SF)与土壤pH呈显著正相关关系,表明在黑土酸化过程中相较于SF,AMF生物量下降幅度更大(图2K)。微生物胁迫指数与土壤pH之间存在显著的幂函数负相关关系(图2L),表明随黑土酸化程度加剧,微生物群落受到的养分胁迫也急剧增加。
主成分分析(PCA)结果进一步表明(图3),土壤微生物PLFA群落结构在不同pH条件下呈现显著差异,PCA 1轴和PCA 2轴分别解释了微生物群落结构差异的36.7%和10.8%。按pH由高至低,不同的脂肪酸种类有明显区分:低pH土壤的主要特征性PLFA标志物来自G+ (15:0 iso、16:0 iso、17:0 iso)、G- (19:0 cyclo ω7c)和放线菌(17:0 10-methyl、17:1 ω7c 10-methyl),而高pH土壤的主要特征PLFA标志物来自G- (16:1 ω7c、18:1 ω7c)和AMF (16:1 ω5c)。
土壤微生物群落与理化性质的冗余分析结果显示(图4A),所测的环境因子解释了54.37%的群落变化,其中土壤pH对微生物群落的影响最大,贡献了39.60%的解释度。真菌、AMF和G-的相对含量以及F/B和AMF/SF与土壤pH、Ca2+、SOC、TN、NH4+-N含量和PLFA/SOC呈显著正相关关系,而与DOC/SOC、C/N和Mg2+呈显著负相关关系;G+的相对含量、G+/G-和MSI与pH、Ca2+、SOC、TN、NH4+-N含量呈显著负相关关系。
进一步基于结构方程模型分析发现(图4B),土壤酸化(pH降低)主要通过对微生物底物可利用性(MSI)和Ca2+浓度的影响调控微生物群落结构,进而影响SOC含量。具体而言,土壤酸化显著增加了微生物的养分胁迫,进而负向影响AMF和G-的相对含量,其中,AMF相对含量的下降导致SOC的显著下降,而G-相对含量变化对SOC的影响不显著。此外,土壤酸化过程中Ca2+浓度的降低对AMF的负向影响也不利于SOC的积累。
阳离子交换是一种重要的酸缓冲机制,一般认为CEC越大对酸的缓冲能力越强[37]。在本研究中,Ca2+浓度占CEC的60%以上,且随pH的降低明显下降,说明土壤溶液中的H+主要由Ca2+缓冲(图1)。然而在pH<6.0的土壤中,Mg2+也随pH的降低显著下降,说明此阶段Ca2+和Mg2+共同起到缓冲作用。土壤有机质中的有机胶体具有巨大的比表面积与大量的负电荷,使其具备强大的阳离子吸附能力,在酸缓冲性中扮演重要角色[12]。在本研究中,黑土酸化程度与SOC呈非线性相关关系,在pH>6.75的范围内SOC含量未发生显著变化(图1F),但CEC显著下降(图1A),可能是因为SOC组成发生了变化,导致土壤对阳离子的吸附能力降低。研究表明矿物结合态有机质组分通常比颗粒态有机质组分具有更高的阳离子交换量[38-39],因此未来有必要对土壤有机碳组分进行深入分析。在pH<6.75的情况下,土壤持续酸化伴随Ca2+和Mg2+的流失,致使胶体复合体稳定性下降,进而造成有机碳损失[40-41]。本研究中DOC含量未发现显著变化,可能是因为DOC主要来自植物根系分泌物、秸秆等外源有机物的分解,而采样时间处于非生长季且温度较低(11月份),既无植物生长,对外源有机物的分解能力也较弱。与之前的研究相似[42],本研究也表明酸性土壤环境会降低养分的可用性,尤其是NH4+-N,与土壤pH呈显著的线性正相关关系(图1K)。这可能主要是因为NH4+-N是土壤硝化反应的主要底物,反应产生H+和硝酸根造成土壤酸化。本研究中NO3--N与pH不存在显著相关性(图1L)的原因可能是NO3--N被作物吸收的同时容易淋失。上述结果说明,黑土酸化超过阈值后酸化与退化将叠加,造成碳、氮损失,影响土壤功能的发挥。
各微生物类群PLFA含量和微生物胁迫指数与pH的相关关系(图2)表明,随土壤酸化程度的加剧微生物受到的环境胁迫急剧增加,导致微生物生物量显著下降。然而在pH 5.25-6.25的范围内,部分微生物可能具有更好的适应性,因此生物量维持相对稳定。不同类群相对总PLFA的变化规律不同,这种变化受到底物可利用性[43]和土壤溶液中阳离子浓度的调控(图2)。具体而言,真菌与细菌的比值随土壤酸化程度的加剧先下降后增加(图2I),表明在酸化初期细菌群落的适应性强于真菌,而在更强的酸化条件下真菌对酸性胁迫的相对适应性强于细菌。与G-相比,G+表现出对土壤酸化更强的抗性,原因可能是G-的细胞壁相对较薄,外层脂多糖更易受酸性环境的影响,而G+的细胞壁具有较厚的肽聚糖层,有助于在逆境下维持细胞壁结构的稳定。这与之前研究发现G+的耐旱性显著高于G-的结果类似[44]。研究表明G-更依赖于从植物中获取简单碳化合物,而G+与土壤中更复杂的碳化合物关系更密切[45]。在本研究中,G+/G-与SOC之间显著负相关关系(图4A)表明,在酸化土壤中复杂碳组分占SOC的比例可能增加,即有机碳的稳定性提高。对于真菌类群,AMF/SF与pH呈显著的正相关关系(图2K),说明与SF相比AMF对土壤酸化表现出更强的敏感性。进一步探究其原因,本研究进行了RDA分析,结果显示AMF与SOC、TN、NH4+-N、DOC/SOC和C/N存在显著的相关性(图4A),其原因可能是AMF虽然是一种普遍存在的土壤真菌,可以与超过80%的陆地植物形成共生关系,但AMF的腐生能力有限,偏爱吸收铵根离子满足自身生长对氮的需求[46],不能直接利用土壤中多数以有机形式或与金属络合形式存在的养分[47]。因此在土壤酸化过程中,土壤中养分的急剧下降可能限制了AMF的生长。同时,AMF还与CEC和Ca2+存在显著的正相关关系(图4A)。之前的研究也报道过CEC是影响全球真菌多样性最重要的因子之一[48],其原因可能是这些阳离子在真菌的生理过程中起着至关重要的作用[49]。此外,PLFA/SOC与真菌和AMF的相对含量以及AMF/SF存在显著的正相关关系,但与细菌、G+、G-和放线菌均不存在显著的相关关系(图4A)。上述结果表明不同类群对土壤酸化的敏感性不同。真菌,特别是AMF在土壤酸化过程中对土壤有机碳积累可能起到了重要作用,而细菌群体对这一过程的贡献相对较小。其潜在的机制是土壤酸化通过影响底物可利用性和交换性Ca2+浓度对AMF产生了消极影响,从而造成了SOC损失(图4B)。需要注意的是,本研究采用空间样品代替时间序列的方法,且样品主要来自吉林中部玉米带典型黑土区的耕层土壤,具有一定区域局限性。因此考虑到受数据局限性和模型简化性的影响,未来需通过长期定位监测或时间序列样品深入研究酸化过程对微生物和有机碳积累的响应规律。
本研究采用“空间代替时间”的研究策略,分析了吉林玉米带典型黑土区农田土壤酸化对土壤活体微生物群落和理化性质的影响。研究发现玉米带黑土酸化对SOC的影响存在阈值,当pH低于6.75时酸化会引起土壤碳、氮养分的损失和有效性下降。不同pH阶段的阳离子缓冲机制存在显著差异,钙离子在黑土酸化过程中起到重要的缓冲作用,当pH小于6.00时钙离子和镁离子共同起到缓冲作用。土壤微生物PLFA含量对酸化的响应呈“S”型下降规律,在pH 5.25-6.25的范围内微生物生长维持相对稳定。土壤酸化增加了微生物群落的营养胁迫,但不同微生物类群对酸化的响应不同。与细菌相比,黑土酸化初期可能对真菌的影响更大,但在更强的酸化条件下真菌表现出比细菌更强的抵抗力;细菌群落中,革兰氏阳性菌对酸化的抵抗力强于革兰氏阴性菌;真菌群落中,腐生真菌对酸化的抵抗力强于丛枝菌根真菌。丛枝菌根真菌对土壤酸化的响应在有机碳积累的过程中发挥了重要作用。本研究初步明确了黑土酸化对主要活体微生物类群和有机碳含量的影响,为遏制黑土酸化问题提供了理论支持。
  • 国家自然科学基金(U22A20610)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42207370)
  • 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28010301)
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2025年第65卷第8期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250275
  • 接收时间:2025-04-03
  • 首发时间:2026-02-06
  • 出版时间:2025-08-04
补充材料
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-03
  • 录用日期:2025-07-04
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20610)
国家自然科学基金(U22A20610)
国家自然科学基金(42207370)
Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28010301)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28010301)
作者信息
    1.中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁 沈阳
    2.山东师范大学 地理与环境学院,山东 济南
    3.吉林师范大学 吉林省新型肥料研究中心,吉林 四平

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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