Article(id=1226460581075534263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226460576751206672, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250345, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1745683200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1750348800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-06-20, onlineDate=1770340589063, onlineDateStr=2026-02-06, pubDate=1754236800000, pubDateStr=2025-08-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770340589063, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770340589063, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770340589063, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226460576751206672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3812', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770340588033, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770363610188, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226557138735117113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226460576751206672, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226557138735117114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226460576751206672, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3794, endPage=3812, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226460582254133784, articleId=1226460581075534263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Directed cultivation of efficient petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading microbial consortia via gradient domestication and exploitation of functional bacterial resources, columnId=1194702985843413943, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Technology and Method, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To investigate the structural characteristics of microbial consortia in different concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons, cultivate efficient petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading microbial consortia, and mine the strain resources capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons. [Methods] We used 0# diesel as the sole carbon source to domesticate oil-contaminated soil samples through five successive generations by gradually increasing the 0# diesel concentration. The structural changes of microbial consortia were uncovered by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The strains with petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading potential were isolated and purified via dilution plating and streaking. Finally, the improved 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP) cultivation system was employed to identify efficient degrading strains. [Results] During domestication, when the concentration of 0# diesel was raised to 7 000 mg/L, the relative abundance of petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria including Bacteroidota and Bacillota significantly increased. A total of 58 bacterial strains belonging to 25 genera, 22 families of 4 phyla were isolated, including 31 (53.45%) strains of Pseudomonadota, 13 (22.41%) strains of Actinomycetota, 11 (18.97%) strains of Bacillota, and 3 (5.17%) strains of Bacteroidota. From the isolated strains, 18 petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading strains were screened out. [Conclusion] Through gradient domestication, seven natural microbial consortia were successfully enriched, achieving over 70% degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons at 7 000 mg/L of 0# diesel. Amplicon sequencing revealed that varying 0# diesel concentrations altered the microbial consortium structure. Additionally, 18 strains capable of using 0# diesel as the sole carbon source were identified, providing potential microbial resources for the bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil.

, correspAuthors=Xueyuan DU, Shupeng LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: DU Xueyuan:
LI Shupeng:
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【目的】 探究不同浓度石油烃条件下微生物群落结构特征,定向培育高效石油烃降解微生物菌群,并挖掘具有石油烃降解功能的菌株资源。 【方法】 以0#柴油作为唯一碳源,通过逐级提高其浓度对石油污染土壤样品进行逐级驯化,共进行5代驯化。基于16S rRNA基因扩增子测序技术揭示微生物群落结构变化,利用稀释涂布和平板划线法分离纯化具有石油烃降解潜力的菌株。通过改进2,6-二氯靛酚培养体系验证实验筛选高效降解菌株。 【结果】 随着驯化过程中0#柴油浓度的升高,在7 000 mg/L条件下拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)等具有石油烃降解功能的细菌门相对丰度显著升高。共分离得到58株细菌,分属于4门22科25属。其中,假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota) 31株,占比53.45%;放线菌门(Actinomycetota) 13株,占比22.41%;芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota) 11株,占比18.97%;拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota) 3株,占比5.17%。同时,筛选获得18株具有潜在石油烃降解功能的菌株。 【结论】 通过逐级驯化培养,成功富集获得7个在7 000 mg/L 0#柴油浓度下石油烃降解率超过70%的驯化菌群。扩增子测序表明,不同浓度的0#柴油明显改变了微生物群落结构,并筛选得到18株能以0#柴油作为唯一碳源进行生长的细菌,为微生物修复石油污染土壤提供了潜在的菌种资源。

, correspAuthors=独学渊, 李书鹏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=IuS/Fy9xsTfyWbD1arIECA==, magXml=6OQ7+dT9/eiqEamWj1/wYw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=8D3ViQRenDkcTGEzzk3skA==, pdfFileSize=4188960, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=u90yc7HcXOPCawXZUEfNuQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=gEo3wXIXA3jgCMxVETlySg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

作者贡献声明

独学渊:方法论,数据收集与监管,数据分析,获取基金,撰写文章;李书鹏:项目监管,实验设计,获取基金;邱景琮:样品采集,文章审阅;郭丽莉:项目监管;常慧:文章编辑、审阅;李嘉晨:参与论文讨论;张冉:项目管理;李丽杰:文章审阅。

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Water, 2025, 17(8): 1216., articleTitle=Ecological shifts and functional adaptations of soil microbial communities under petroleum hydrocarbon contamination, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1226596298338517503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, awardId=SA10000000272023051, language=EN, fundingSource=Beijing Construction Engineering Group Science and Technology Project(SA10000000272023051), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226596299714249224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, awardId=SA10000000272023051, language=CN, fundingSource=北京建工集团科技计划(SA10000000272023051), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226596287466881807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226596287475270415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, companyId=1226596287466881807, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.National Engineering Laboratory for Site Remediation Technologies, Beijing, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226596287483659025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, companyId=1226596287466881807, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.污染场地安全修复技术国家工程实验室,北京)]), AuthorCompany(id=1226596287584322328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226596287596905242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, companyId=1226596287584322328, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.BCEG Environmental Remediation Co. , Ltd. , Beijing, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226596287605293851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, companyId=1226596287584322328, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.北京建工环境修复股份有限公司,北京)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1226596293754142920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Schematic diagram of domesticated microbial consortia with increasing concentrations of 0# diesel., figureFileSmall=UUnzrZZTY7XeSuRjaaSqxA==, figureFileBig=ElZvim6JY35M/FWQX5e4Pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596293875777746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=CN, label=图1, caption=0#柴油逐级提升浓度驯化微生物菌群示意图, figureFileSmall=UUnzrZZTY7XeSuRjaaSqxA==, figureFileBig=ElZvim6JY35M/FWQX5e4Pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596295272480993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=The degradation effect of domesticated microbial consortia on TPH in 0# diesel of different concentrations. A: Degradation rate of TPH in 2 000 mg/L 0# diesel by the third generation domesticated microbial consortia; B: Degradation rate of TPH in 5 000 mg/L 0# diesel by the fourth generation domesticated microbial consortia; C: Degradation rate of TPH in 7 000 mg/L 0# diesel by the fifth generation domesticated microbial consortia. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at the 0.05 level., figureFileSmall=LnF/coOhkgqNTHJG0NS6Sg==, figureFileBig=2c44Z26mNu2OMB5dzNybPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596295364755692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=CN, label=图2, caption=驯化菌群对不同浓度0#柴油中TPH的降解效果。A:第3代驯化菌群对2 000 mg/L 0#柴油中TPH的降解率;B:第4代驯化菌群对5 000 mg/L 0#柴油中TPH的降解率;C:第5代驯化菌群对7 000 mg/L 0#柴油中TPH的降解率。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。, figureFileSmall=LnF/coOhkgqNTHJG0NS6Sg==, figureFileBig=2c44Z26mNu2OMB5dzNybPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596295465419001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Analysis of fungal and bacterial alpha diversity in each generation of domesticated consortia. A: Shannon index of bacteria; B: Chao1 index of bacteria; C: Shannon index of fungi; D: Chao1 index of fungi. ****: P<0.000 1; ns: Not significant. 3G: 2 000 mg/L 0# diesel; 4G: 5 000 mg/L 0# diesel; 5G: 7 000 mg/L 0# diesel., figureFileSmall=AwSRmKstTFQfrtQiGykgaQ==, figureFileBig=OTzH1X8Y5UX1ZVA7J4b6ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596295587053832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各代驯化菌群真菌和细菌α多样性分析。A:细菌的Shannon指数;B:细菌的Chao1指数;C:真菌的Shannon指数;D:真菌的Chao1指数。****:P<0.000 1;ns:无显著性差异。3G:2 000 mg/L 0#柴油;4G:5 000 mg/L 0#柴油;5G:7 000 mg/L 0#柴油。, figureFileSmall=AwSRmKstTFQfrtQiGykgaQ==, figureFileBig=OTzH1X8Y5UX1ZVA7J4b6ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596295738048789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Phylum-level composition of domesticated microbial consortia. A: The composition structure of bacterial communities at the phylum level in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th generation domesticated microbial consortia; B: Changes in average relative abundance of bacterial community phylum in each generation of domesticated microbial consortia; C: The composition structure of fungal communities at the phylum level in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th generation domesticated microbial consortia; D: Changes in average relative abundance of fungal community phylum in each generation of domesticated microbial consortia. The relative abundance of microbial communities in figures A and C is the average of three replicates. 3G: 2 000 mg/L 0# diesel; 4G: 5 000 mg/L 0# diesel; 5G: 7 000 mg/L 0# diesel., figureFileSmall=hp+0i/cFyls9s4oKQUbraA==, figureFileBig=y0cb9L9KiCLPUUr1ZrGs+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596295851295007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=CN, label=图4, caption=驯化微生物菌群门水平组成。A:3、4、5代驯化菌群中细菌群落门水平组成结构;B:各代驯化群落中细菌门水平平均相对丰度变化;C:3、4、5代驯化菌群中真菌群落门水平组成结构;D:各代驯化群落中真菌门水平平均相对丰度变化。A、C图中微生物群落相对丰度为3个重复的平均值。3G:2 000 mg/L 0#柴油;4G:5 000 mg/L 0#柴油;5G:7 000 mg/L 0#柴油。, figureFileSmall=hp+0i/cFyls9s4oKQUbraA==, figureFileBig=y0cb9L9KiCLPUUr1ZrGs+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596295989707058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Changes in average relative abundance of bacteria and fungi in each generation of domesticated microbial consortia under different concentrations of 0# diesel pressure. A-H: Analysis of relative abundance differences of Pseudomonadota, Chytridiomycota, Bacteroidota, Bacillota, Basidiomycota, unclassified_Fungi, Mortierellomycota, and Ascomycota in each generation of domesticated microbial consortia. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0 .001; ****: P<0.000 1; ns: Not significant. 3G: 2 000 mg/L 0# diesel; 4G: 5 000 mg/L 0# diesel; 5G: 7 000 mg/L 0# diesel., figureFileSmall=bc+bK/yRQTpkCbrXCmim9w==, figureFileBig=Xxfho7iRJQdbZYI+zBoDcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596296102953274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同浓度0#柴油压力下各代驯化菌群中细菌、真菌门水平平均相对丰度变化。A-H:假单胞菌门、壶菌门、拟杆菌门、芽孢杆菌门、担子菌门、unclassified_Fungi、被孢霉门、子囊菌门在各代驯化微生物菌群中相对丰度差异性分析。*:P < 0.05;**:P<0 .01;***:P<0 .001;****:P<0.000 1;ns:无显著性差异。3G:2 000 mg/L 0#柴油;4G:5 000 mg/L 0#柴油;5G:7 000 mg/L 0#柴油。, figureFileSmall=bc+bK/yRQTpkCbrXCmim9w==, figureFileBig=Xxfho7iRJQdbZYI+zBoDcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596296203616580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Changes in the average abundance of some bacteria and fungi at the genus level in each generation of domesticated microbial consortia. A-L: Analysis of the relative abundance differences of Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Alcanivorax, Parvibaculum, Flavobacterium, unclassified_Lachnospiraceae, unclassified_ Muribaculaceae, Saitozyma, Fusarium, Mycothermus, unclassified_Fungi and Mortierella in each generation of domesticated microbial consortia. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001; ****: P<0.000 1; ns: Not significant. 3G: 2 000 mg/L 0# diesel; 4G: 5 000 mg/L 0# diesel; 5G: 7 000 mg/L 0# diesel., figureFileSmall=ty1IYWXdI3I6I9L1ZQH+qA==, figureFileBig=xMHw+V1R8XGLCubUptX9rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596296295891280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=CN, label=图6, caption=各代驯化微生物菌群中部分细菌和真菌属, figureFileSmall=ty1IYWXdI3I6I9L1ZQH+qA==, figureFileBig=xMHw+V1R8XGLCubUptX9rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596296430109022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Phylogenetic tree of bacteria isolated from the fifth generation of domesticated microbial consortia based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The color range indicates the classification of the phylum level., figureFileSmall=yeGA+n8/kwW+ApOEAnhXzQ==, figureFileBig=SA6lUkDnJhDpVHZOqK8QlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596296530772329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=CN, label=图7, caption=5代驯化菌群分离细菌基于16S rRNA基因序列构建的系统发育树, figureFileSmall=yeGA+n8/kwW+ApOEAnhXzQ==, figureFileBig=SA6lUkDnJhDpVHZOqK8QlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596296631435637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Functional gene analysis of isolated strains. The red box indicates the existence of the corresponding gene, X represents the copy number of the gene on the genome, and the color gradient corresponds to the ln (X+1) value., figureFileSmall=EEYfdMTzE/0Lu5+T87WwNA==, figureFileBig=faNdhmqp1X642/TdW6Omog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596296736293248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=CN, label=图8, caption=分离菌株功能基因分析。红色方框表示存在对应基因,X代表基因在基因组上的拷贝数,颜色渐变对应于ln (X+1)值。, figureFileSmall=EEYfdMTzE/0Lu5+T87WwNA==, figureFileBig=faNdhmqp1X642/TdW6Omog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596296841150853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Qualitative analysis of the degradation function of 0# diesel by isolated strains. Red solid circle: The strains have the ability to degrade 0# diesel., figureFileSmall=L9cYBNJS936gGXIXG0XrCw==, figureFileBig=jPuI6eT/Rzfw9u/59P4/Pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596296933425552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=CN, label=图9, caption=分离菌株0#柴油降解功能定性分析, figureFileSmall=L9cYBNJS936gGXIXG0XrCw==, figureFileBig=jPuI6eT/Rzfw9u/59P4/Pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596297050866076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=EN, label=Figure 10, caption=Analysis of the degradation rate differences of domesticated microbial consortia under different concentrations of 0# diesel. **: P<0.01; ***: P<0 .001; ****: P<0.000 1. 3G: 2 000 mg/L 0# diesel; 4G: 5 000 mg/L 0# diesel; 5G: 7 000 mg/L 0# diesel., figureFileSmall=2Y1LaRqwAyw+uMqnKeiZWw==, figureFileBig=B34uugEhwoMRg0+wHCxoqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596297159917988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同浓度0#柴油条件下,驯化菌群降解率差异性分析。**:P<0 .01;***:P<0 .001;****:P<0.000 1。3G:2 000 mg/L 0#柴油;4G:5 000 mg/L 0#柴油;5G:7 000 mg/L 0#柴油。, figureFileSmall=2Y1LaRqwAyw+uMqnKeiZWw==, figureFileBig=B34uugEhwoMRg0+wHCxoqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596297415770549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Location of sampling points

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample points (m)DateGeographical coordinates
S1 (0, -2, -5, -8, -10, -12)2023-08-11X=309 709.341, Y=96 000.111
S2 (0, -2, -5, -8, -10, -12)2023-08-11X=309 725.705, Y=96 990.718
S3 (0, -2, -5, -8, -10, -12)2023-08-11X=309 738.788, Y=95 983.205
S4 (0, -2, -5, -8, -10, -12)2023-08-11X=309 746.227, Y=95 996.159
S5 (0, -2, -5, -8, -10, -12)2023-08-11X=309 733.360, Y=96 003.879
S6 (0, -2, -5, -8, -10, -12)2023-08-11X=309 716.797, Y=96 013.128
), ArticleFig(id=1226596297533211068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

污染区域采样点及信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample points (m)DateGeographical coordinates
S1 (0, -2, -5, -8, -10, -12)2023-08-11X=309 709.341, Y=96 000.111
S2 (0, -2, -5, -8, -10, -12)2023-08-11X=309 725.705, Y=96 990.718
S3 (0, -2, -5, -8, -10, -12)2023-08-11X=309 738.788, Y=95 983.205
S4 (0, -2, -5, -8, -10, -12)2023-08-11X=309 746.227, Y=95 996.159
S5 (0, -2, -5, -8, -10, -12)2023-08-11X=309 733.360, Y=96 003.879
S6 (0, -2, -5, -8, -10, -12)2023-08-11X=309 716.797, Y=96 013.128
), ArticleFig(id=1226596297638068678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Information on the most similar type strain or strain of isolated bacteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsThe most similar type strains or strainsGenBank accession number
JGXF-1Agrobacterium pusense LMG 25623TGCA_900102105.1
JGXF-2Brevundimonas pondensis LVF1TGCA_017487345.1
JGXF-3Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila JCM 13310TGCA_001431595.1
JGXF-4Pseudomonas aeruginosa JCM 5962TGCA_000615485.1
JGXF-5Agrobacterium tumefaciens ATCC 4720TGCA_011684035.1
JGXF-6Brevundimonas diminuta ATCC 11568TGCA_000204035.1
JGXF-7Escherichia fergusonii ATCC 35469TGCA_000026225.1
JGXF-8Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens DSM 44234TGCA_900104775.1
JGXF-9Tsukamurella conjunctivitidis HKU72TGCA_007858475.1
JGXF-10tenotrophomonas acidaminiphila JCM 13310TGCA_001431595.1
JGXF-11Rhizobium rhizogenes K599GCA_016864595.1
JGXF-12Escherichia fergusonii ATCC 35469TGCA_000026225.1
JGXF-13Brevibacillus nitrificans DA2TGCA_003710965.1
JGXF-14Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13884TGCA_000163455.1
JGXF-15Agrobacterium divergens R-31762T-
JGXF-16Bacillus licheniformis SCDB 14GCA_002074115.1
JGXF-17Gordonia amicalis DSM 44461GCA_012395955.1
JGXF-18Agrobacterium pusense LMG 25623TGCF_900102105.1
JGXF-19Achromobacter veterisilvae LMG 30378TGCA_900496975.1
JGXF-20Aeromicrobium tamlense SSW1-57T-
JGXF-21Pseudomonas aeruginosa JCM 5962TGCA_000615485.1
JGXF-22Acinetobacter gyllenbergii FMP01TGCA_001682515.1
JGXF-23Flavobacterium alkalisoli XS-5TGCA_008000935.1
JGXF-24Sphingobacterium puteale M05W1-28TGCA_003627955.1
JGXF-25Microbacterium paraoxydans NBRC 103076TGCA_001552495.1
JGXF-26Brevundimonas pondensis LVF1TTGCF_017487345.1
JGXF-27Brevundimonas intermedia VKM B-1499TGCA_027922165.1
JGXF-28Enterobacter hormaechei DSM 16687TGCA_001729705.1
JGXF-29Pseudomonas nitroreducens LMG 21614TGCA_900188285.1
JGXF-30Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCTC 12983TGCA_900444805.1
JGXF-31Sphingomonas echinoides ATCC 14820TGCA_033842725.1
JGXF-32Bacillus polymyxa ATCC 842GCA_022811565.1
JGXF-33Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581GCA_006094495.1
JGXF-34Serratia marcescens ELP1.10GCA_030291735.1
JGXF-35Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606GCA_009035845.1
JGXF-36Pseudoalteromonas tunicata D2GCA_003568825.1
JGXF-37Achromobacter denitrificans LMG 1231GCA_902859715.1
JGXF-38Rhodococcus erythropolis R138GCA_000696675.2
JGXF-39Staphylococcus pasteuri FDAARGOS_1069GCA_016599795.1
JGXF-40Gordonia alkanivorans NBRC 16433GCA_000225505.1
JGXF-41Acinetobacter gyllenbergii JGXF-41GCA_001682515.1
JGXF-42Brevibacillus nitrificans DA2TGCA_003710965.1
JGXF-43Brevibacillus nitrificans DA2TGCA_003710965.1
JGXF-44Bacillus licheniformis SCDB 14GCA_002074115.1
JGXF-45Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens DSM 44234TGCA_900104775.1
JGXF-46Gordonia amicalis strain DSM 44461GCA_012395955.1
JGXF-47Pseudomonas aeruginosa JCM 5962TGCA_000615485.1
JGXF-48Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens DSM 44234TGCA_900104775.1
JGXF-49Alcanivorax dieselolei CGMCC 1.3690GCA_014644575.1
JGXF-50Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580GCA_034478925.1
JGXF-51Staphylococcus pasteuri DSM 10656GCA_003970495.1
JGXF-52Alcaligenes faecalis ATCC 8750GCA_958448115.1
JGXF-53Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606GCA_009035845.1
JGXF-54Arthrobacter crystallopoietes DSM 20117GCA_002849715.1
JGXF-55Bacillus polymyxa ATCC 842GCA_022811565.1
JGXF-56Pseudomonas aeruginosa JCM 5962TGCA_000615485.1
JGXF-57Rhodococcus qingshengii CS98GCA_015099595.1
JGXF-58Gordonia alkanivorans NBRC 16433GCA_000225505.1
), ArticleFig(id=1226596297780675027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

分离菌株最近菌或模式菌信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainsThe most similar type strains or strainsGenBank accession number
JGXF-1Agrobacterium pusense LMG 25623TGCA_900102105.1
JGXF-2Brevundimonas pondensis LVF1TGCA_017487345.1
JGXF-3Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila JCM 13310TGCA_001431595.1
JGXF-4Pseudomonas aeruginosa JCM 5962TGCA_000615485.1
JGXF-5Agrobacterium tumefaciens ATCC 4720TGCA_011684035.1
JGXF-6Brevundimonas diminuta ATCC 11568TGCA_000204035.1
JGXF-7Escherichia fergusonii ATCC 35469TGCA_000026225.1
JGXF-8Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens DSM 44234TGCA_900104775.1
JGXF-9Tsukamurella conjunctivitidis HKU72TGCA_007858475.1
JGXF-10tenotrophomonas acidaminiphila JCM 13310TGCA_001431595.1
JGXF-11Rhizobium rhizogenes K599GCA_016864595.1
JGXF-12Escherichia fergusonii ATCC 35469TGCA_000026225.1
JGXF-13Brevibacillus nitrificans DA2TGCA_003710965.1
JGXF-14Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13884TGCA_000163455.1
JGXF-15Agrobacterium divergens R-31762T-
JGXF-16Bacillus licheniformis SCDB 14GCA_002074115.1
JGXF-17Gordonia amicalis DSM 44461GCA_012395955.1
JGXF-18Agrobacterium pusense LMG 25623TGCF_900102105.1
JGXF-19Achromobacter veterisilvae LMG 30378TGCA_900496975.1
JGXF-20Aeromicrobium tamlense SSW1-57T-
JGXF-21Pseudomonas aeruginosa JCM 5962TGCA_000615485.1
JGXF-22Acinetobacter gyllenbergii FMP01TGCA_001682515.1
JGXF-23Flavobacterium alkalisoli XS-5TGCA_008000935.1
JGXF-24Sphingobacterium puteale M05W1-28TGCA_003627955.1
JGXF-25Microbacterium paraoxydans NBRC 103076TGCA_001552495.1
JGXF-26Brevundimonas pondensis LVF1TTGCF_017487345.1
JGXF-27Brevundimonas intermedia VKM B-1499TGCA_027922165.1
JGXF-28Enterobacter hormaechei DSM 16687TGCA_001729705.1
JGXF-29Pseudomonas nitroreducens LMG 21614TGCA_900188285.1
JGXF-30Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCTC 12983TGCA_900444805.1
JGXF-31Sphingomonas echinoides ATCC 14820TGCA_033842725.1
JGXF-32Bacillus polymyxa ATCC 842GCA_022811565.1
JGXF-33Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581GCA_006094495.1
JGXF-34Serratia marcescens ELP1.10GCA_030291735.1
JGXF-35Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606GCA_009035845.1
JGXF-36Pseudoalteromonas tunicata D2GCA_003568825.1
JGXF-37Achromobacter denitrificans LMG 1231GCA_902859715.1
JGXF-38Rhodococcus erythropolis R138GCA_000696675.2
JGXF-39Staphylococcus pasteuri FDAARGOS_1069GCA_016599795.1
JGXF-40Gordonia alkanivorans NBRC 16433GCA_000225505.1
JGXF-41Acinetobacter gyllenbergii JGXF-41GCA_001682515.1
JGXF-42Brevibacillus nitrificans DA2TGCA_003710965.1
JGXF-43Brevibacillus nitrificans DA2TGCA_003710965.1
JGXF-44Bacillus licheniformis SCDB 14GCA_002074115.1
JGXF-45Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens DSM 44234TGCA_900104775.1
JGXF-46Gordonia amicalis strain DSM 44461GCA_012395955.1
JGXF-47Pseudomonas aeruginosa JCM 5962TGCA_000615485.1
JGXF-48Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens DSM 44234TGCA_900104775.1
JGXF-49Alcanivorax dieselolei CGMCC 1.3690GCA_014644575.1
JGXF-50Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580GCA_034478925.1
JGXF-51Staphylococcus pasteuri DSM 10656GCA_003970495.1
JGXF-52Alcaligenes faecalis ATCC 8750GCA_958448115.1
JGXF-53Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606GCA_009035845.1
JGXF-54Arthrobacter crystallopoietes DSM 20117GCA_002849715.1
JGXF-55Bacillus polymyxa ATCC 842GCA_022811565.1
JGXF-56Pseudomonas aeruginosa JCM 5962TGCA_000615485.1
JGXF-57Rhodococcus qingshengii CS98GCA_015099595.1
JGXF-58Gordonia alkanivorans NBRC 16433GCA_000225505.1
), ArticleFig(id=1226596297940058599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The potential of potential functional strains to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons (characterized by the degree of 2,6-DCPIP fading)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NumberStrains2,6-DCPIP fading degree
1Pseudomonas aeruginosa JGXF-4+++
2Tsukamurella sp. JGXF-8++
3Brevibacillus nitrificans JGXF-13+++
4Agrobacterium divergens JGXF-15+
5Achromobacter sp. JGXF-19+
6Pseudomonas aeruginosa JGXF-21+++
7Acinetobacter sp. JGXF-22+++
8Bacillus polymyxa JGXF-32+
9Acinetobacter baumannii JGXF-35++
10Pseudoalteromonas tunicata JGXF-36+
11Gordonia alkanivorans JGXF-40+++
12Acinetobacter gyllenbergii JGXF-41+
13Brevibacillus sp. JGXF-42+
14Tsukamurella sp. JGXF-45+++
15Pseudomonas aeruginosa JGXF-47+++
16Tsukamurella sp. JGXF-48+
17Bacillus licheniformis JGXF-50+++
18Arthrobacter paraffineus JGXF-54+++
), ArticleFig(id=1226596298112025074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460581075534263, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

潜在功能菌株降解石油烃潜力(2,6-DCPIP褪色程度表征)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NumberStrains2,6-DCPIP fading degree
1Pseudomonas aeruginosa JGXF-4+++
2Tsukamurella sp. JGXF-8++
3Brevibacillus nitrificans JGXF-13+++
4Agrobacterium divergens JGXF-15+
5Achromobacter sp. JGXF-19+
6Pseudomonas aeruginosa JGXF-21+++
7Acinetobacter sp. JGXF-22+++
8Bacillus polymyxa JGXF-32+
9Acinetobacter baumannii JGXF-35++
10Pseudoalteromonas tunicata JGXF-36+
11Gordonia alkanivorans JGXF-40+++
12Acinetobacter gyllenbergii JGXF-41+
13Brevibacillus sp. JGXF-42+
14Tsukamurella sp. JGXF-45+++
15Pseudomonas aeruginosa JGXF-47+++
16Tsukamurella sp. JGXF-48+
17Bacillus licheniformis JGXF-50+++
18Arthrobacter paraffineus JGXF-54+++
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梯度驯化法定向培育高效石油烃降解菌群及功能菌资源挖掘
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独学渊 1, 2, * , 李书鹏 1, 2, * , 邱景琮 1, 2 , 郭丽莉 1, 2 , 常慧 1, 2 , 李嘉晨 1, 2 , 张冉 1, 2 , 李丽杰 1, 2
微生物学报 | 技术与方法 2025,65(8): 3794-3812
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微生物学报 | 技术与方法 2025, 65(8): 3794-3812
梯度驯化法定向培育高效石油烃降解菌群及功能菌资源挖掘
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独学渊1, 2, * , 李书鹏1, 2, * , 邱景琮1, 2, 郭丽莉1, 2, 常慧1, 2, 李嘉晨1, 2, 张冉1, 2, 李丽杰1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.污染场地安全修复技术国家工程实验室,北京
  • 2.北京建工环境修复股份有限公司,北京
Directed cultivation of efficient petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading microbial consortia via gradient domestication and exploitation of functional bacterial resources
Xueyuan DU1, 2, * , Shupeng LI1, 2, * , Jingcong QIU1, 2, Lili GUO1, 2, Hui CHANG1, 2, Jiachen LI1, 2, Ran ZHANG1, 2, Lijie LI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.National Engineering Laboratory for Site Remediation Technologies, Beijing, China
  • 2.BCEG Environmental Remediation Co. , Ltd. , Beijing, China
出版时间: 2025-08-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250345
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【目的】 探究不同浓度石油烃条件下微生物群落结构特征,定向培育高效石油烃降解微生物菌群,并挖掘具有石油烃降解功能的菌株资源。 【方法】 以0#柴油作为唯一碳源,通过逐级提高其浓度对石油污染土壤样品进行逐级驯化,共进行5代驯化。基于16S rRNA基因扩增子测序技术揭示微生物群落结构变化,利用稀释涂布和平板划线法分离纯化具有石油烃降解潜力的菌株。通过改进2,6-二氯靛酚培养体系验证实验筛选高效降解菌株。 【结果】 随着驯化过程中0#柴油浓度的升高,在7 000 mg/L条件下拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)等具有石油烃降解功能的细菌门相对丰度显著升高。共分离得到58株细菌,分属于4门22科25属。其中,假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota) 31株,占比53.45%;放线菌门(Actinomycetota) 13株,占比22.41%;芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota) 11株,占比18.97%;拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota) 3株,占比5.17%。同时,筛选获得18株具有潜在石油烃降解功能的菌株。 【结论】 通过逐级驯化培养,成功富集获得7个在7 000 mg/L 0#柴油浓度下石油烃降解率超过70%的驯化菌群。扩增子测序表明,不同浓度的0#柴油明显改变了微生物群落结构,并筛选得到18株能以0#柴油作为唯一碳源进行生长的细菌,为微生物修复石油污染土壤提供了潜在的菌种资源。

石油烃降解  /  梯度驯化  /  微生物群落  /  细菌分离

[Objective] To investigate the structural characteristics of microbial consortia in different concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons, cultivate efficient petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading microbial consortia, and mine the strain resources capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons. [Methods] We used 0# diesel as the sole carbon source to domesticate oil-contaminated soil samples through five successive generations by gradually increasing the 0# diesel concentration. The structural changes of microbial consortia were uncovered by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The strains with petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading potential were isolated and purified via dilution plating and streaking. Finally, the improved 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP) cultivation system was employed to identify efficient degrading strains. [Results] During domestication, when the concentration of 0# diesel was raised to 7 000 mg/L, the relative abundance of petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria including Bacteroidota and Bacillota significantly increased. A total of 58 bacterial strains belonging to 25 genera, 22 families of 4 phyla were isolated, including 31 (53.45%) strains of Pseudomonadota, 13 (22.41%) strains of Actinomycetota, 11 (18.97%) strains of Bacillota, and 3 (5.17%) strains of Bacteroidota. From the isolated strains, 18 petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading strains were screened out. [Conclusion] Through gradient domestication, seven natural microbial consortia were successfully enriched, achieving over 70% degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons at 7 000 mg/L of 0# diesel. Amplicon sequencing revealed that varying 0# diesel concentrations altered the microbial consortium structure. Additionally, 18 strains capable of using 0# diesel as the sole carbon source were identified, providing potential microbial resources for the bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil.

petroleum hydrocarbon degradation  /  gradient domestication  /  microbial consortium  /  bacterial isolation
独学渊, 李书鹏, 邱景琮, 郭丽莉, 常慧, 李嘉晨, 张冉, 李丽杰. 梯度驯化法定向培育高效石油烃降解菌群及功能菌资源挖掘. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (8) : 3794 -3812 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250345
Xueyuan DU, Shupeng LI, Jingcong QIU, Lili GUO, Hui CHANG, Jiachen LI, Ran ZHANG, Lijie LI. Directed cultivation of efficient petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading microbial consortia via gradient domestication and exploitation of functional bacterial resources[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (8) : 3794 -3812 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250345
石油作为众多行业的重要能源与原材料[1],具有不可替代的地位。然而,石油泄漏造成的污染因具有高度的顽固性、三致效应(致癌、致畸、致突变)[2],已被列为优先控制的污染物[3]。据统计,欧洲约有280万个站点受污染影响[4],其中烷烃污染占比22%-24%,与苯系物、多环芳烃一起占45%[5]。在我国,经统计的石化场地中有42个开展了土壤污染调查,28个进行了地下水污染调查,均检出不同程度的石油烃污染[6]
针对土壤与地下水石油烃污染,常规修复手段涵盖物理、化学及生物修复。物理和化学修复虽具快速起效的优势,却因成本高昂及可能诱发的二次污染问题而备受关注[7],例如化学氧化剂高锰酸钾与过氧化氢便存在生物安全隐患[8]。相较之下,生物修复凭借低成本、易于操作、生态风险低以及广泛的适用性等突出优势被视作极具潜力的修复技术[9]。生物修复主要借助微生物的代谢作用,将污染物转化为低毒或无毒物质,是一种环保的修复策略[10]。众多实验和实际应用已证实微生物修复可有效降解土壤中的石油烃等污染物。鉴于石油烃污染的广泛性和严重性,开展微生物群落结构与石油烃浓度的相关性研究、石油烃高效降解菌株的分离以及生物修复技术研究具有重要意义。
多年来,国内外学者在微生物降解石油烃领域已取得诸多重要成果,研究集中在功能菌株筛选、降解性能评估、基因与代谢途径解析及微生物与环境互作等方面。已鉴定超过70个属、200种降解石油烃的微生物[11],包括细菌、真菌与藻类,其中假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)等细菌应用广泛,产表面活性剂微生物也因能提高降解效率而备受关注[11-14]。在石油烃污染场地修复方面,实际应用成果显著。1989年,Exxon石油公司Valdez油轮在阿拉斯加海滩溢油,首次大规模应用微生物修复技术,通过添加营养物质刺激本土微生物降解石油烃,取得了一定效果[15]。国内在胜利油田、辽河油田和吉林油田的微生物修复工程累计处理超过1.2万t污染土壤,取得了巨大的经济和生态效益[16]。姚贞先等[17]通过定向驯化高效石油降解菌系,使石油污染土壤总石油烃降解率较空白对照提升了81.23%。
现有石油烃降解微生物研究成果虽多,但仍存在不足。一方面,不同浓度石油烃对微生物群落结构的影响机制尚不明确,导致石油烃污染场地微生物修复策略的精准性不足。另一方面,当前多数石油烃降解菌株依赖传统分离培养法获得,而针对高浓度石油烃降解菌株的筛选研究相对稀缺。因此本研究运用梯度驯化法逐步提升石油烃浓度,助力微生物菌群适应高浓度污染环境,强化其对石油烃污染物的降解效能。同时,探究不同浓度石油烃作用下微生物群落结构的演变规律,加深对微生物群落结构与石油烃浓度关联性的认知,以期为石油烃污染场地微生物修复策略的优化奠定理论基础。
采样点位于天津市北辰区天重道路与高峰路交叉口南侧遗留厂房东侧的石油烃污染地块。经前期场地调查,该区域存在地下埋藏柴油储油罐泄漏,土壤和地下水存在不同程度的石油烃污染(89.1-2 470.0 mg/kg)。在泄漏点周围设置6个采样点(表1,采样点用天津90坐标系定位),使用30钻机进行土壤钻探,采集不同深度的土壤岩心样品(地表至地下12 m范围内,地表0 m及地下-2 m、-5 m、-8 m、-10 m、-12 m处岩心土壤各取样1 kg,每个采样点6份),共36份。样品经冰袋冷藏运输返回实验室,并在实验前于4 ℃冰箱中保存。
以梯度提升方式向无机盐培养基(mineral salt medium, MSM)[18]添加不同浓度的0#柴油(第一代:200 mg/L,第2代:800 mg/L,第3代:2 000 mg/L,第4代:5 000 mg/L,第5代: 7 000 mg/L)作为唯一碳源(0#柴油购自中国石油加油站,主要成分包括饱和烷烃约占89.6%、芳香烃约占8.0%及少量的醇、酸、烯等氧化物[19]),对采集样品进行5代梯度驯化。使用分离筛选培养基(在第4代驯化培养基加18 g琼脂制备分离平板(90 mm),无菌0#柴油以覆盖每个平板0.125 g的方式添加),分离第5代驯化培养液中的可培养细菌,筛选出具有石油烃降解潜力的菌株。LB培养基[20]用于分离菌株的纯化和常规培养。
无机盐培养基,山东拓普生物工程有限公司;LB培养基,ThermoFisher Scientific公司。
微量分光光度计,ThermoFisher Scientific公司;PCR仪、凝胶成像仪,Bio-Rad公司;台式高压灭菌锅,上海申安医疗器械厂;生物安全柜,上海博讯医疗生物仪器股份有限公司。
从每个采样点不同深度的土壤样品中各取10 g,充分混匀。取混匀后的土壤10 g,加入含90 mL无菌生理盐水和玻璃珠的250 mL摇瓶中,于30 ℃、180 r/min的恒温摇床孵育2 h,制备成土著菌源悬浮液。向装有90 mL第1代驯化培养基的250 mL摇瓶中加入10 mL土著菌源悬浮液。在30 ℃、180 r/min培养7 d后,依据梯度压力驯化法,将10 mL培养液转移至90 mL第2代驯化培养基中。重复此过程,直至第5代驯化培养7 d后终止定向驯化,如图1所示。在第3、4、5代驯化阶段结束后,从各浓度梯度的培养液中取样,用于驯化菌群保藏、后续微生物群落结构分析,以及测定驯化菌群对0#柴油中总石油烃的降解能力。每个混合土样设置3个重复。
在不同样品的第3、4、5代驯化阶段,共收集了54个驯化菌群样本。通过4 ℃、4 000 r/min离心2 min后收集菌体,并利用基因组提取试剂盒提取总DNA,使用微量分光光度计检测DNA浓度。细菌16S rRNA基因V3-V4区域使用引物338F (5ʹ-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3ʹ)和806R (5ʹ-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3ʹ)进行扩增[21];真菌ITS序列的ITS1区域使用引物1737F (5ʹ-CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA-3ʹ)和2043R (5ʹ-GCTGCGTTCTTCATCG-3ʹ)进行扩增[22]。PCR反应由北京百迈客生物科技有限公司完成。对获取的高质量DNA片段构建文库,利用Illumina NovaSeq 6000测序。对得到的原始序列数据经过滤、去噪、拼接等处理后进行操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU)聚类分析(相似性97%),注释物种,得到OTU数量及分类信息。结合多样性指数、物种组成等分析方法,研究不同时间点驯化菌群的微生物群落结构差异和功能。上述生物信息学分析在百迈客云平台(https://www.biocloud.net)完成。
在生物安全柜内利用分离筛选培养基对第5代驯化样本中的高效石油烃降解菌株进行分离。取1 mL富集培养物进行连续梯度稀释至10-7,并分别取10-4、10-5、10-6三个稀释梯度的菌液100 μL涂布到分离筛选培养基平板上,在30 ℃恒温培养箱中正置培养,直至形成可见菌落。
选取在平板上生长速度较快、菌落较大且形态各异的单菌落,在LB平板上进行多次划线分离纯化,并重复该操作3次以获得纯培养。
以正己烷为萃取剂,采用液液萃取的方法萃取柴油培养基中的柴油,萃取后的柴油含量通过气相色谱仪进行测定。色谱条件:Agilent HP-5 (30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)色谱柱;温度程序为50 ℃恒温6 min,以80 ℃/min升温至300 ℃,恒温13 min;氦气载气流速为4 mL/min;进样量为1 μL,进样温度为320 ℃,分流比为2:1;检测器为FID检测器,检测器温度330 ℃,氢气流量:40 mL/min,空气流量350 mL/min,尾吹气流量30 mL/min。
总石油烃(total petroleum hydrocarbons, TPH)降解率计算如公式(1)所示。
TPH降解率=(C0-Ct)/C0×100%
式中:C0为未接种菌的驯化培养基中TPH的质量浓度,mg/L;Ct为接种菌后驯化培养基中TPH的质量浓度,mg/L。
分离菌株基因组DNA模板提取方法见1.5节,采用通用引物27f和1492r[23]扩增细菌的16S rRNA基因并测序,PCR反应由北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司完成。在测序结果成功拼接后,将拼接序列上传至NCBI网站,利用其在线BLAST功能进行相似性比对。利用MEGA 11[24]软件,通过最大似然法构建细菌系统发育树[25],采用Kimura双参数法[26]计算进化距离,用MEGA 11软件中Phylogeny内的bootstrap值评估分支稳定性,重复1 000次,其余参数为默认设置。
运用BLAST方法将分离菌株的近缘模式菌(如没有则选取非模式菌)基因组注释文件与从NCBI等数据库获取的已知石油烃降解相关酶蛋白序列进行比对[27]。利用makeblastdb工具建立本地BLAST数据库,运行blastp,参数设置为:E-value≤0.000 1,identity≥40%,coverage≥50%。
分离菌株在LB液体培养基中于30 ℃、180 r/min培养,直至OD600>1.0。取1 mL菌液,4 ℃、4 000 r/min离心2 min后收集菌体,用0.9%无菌生理盐水洗涤,重复3次以去除残留培养基,并调整至OD600值为1.0,制备成细胞悬浮液。采用2,6-二氯靛酚 (2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol, 2,6-DCPIP)作为指示剂,按照修改自Kubota等[28]的方法验证分离菌株的石油烃降解能力。2,6-DCPIP实验体系置于5 mL EP管中,在30 ℃、180 r/min条件下培养,连续5 d观察并记录颜色的每日变化。实验体系各组分具体为:MSM培养基1 500 μL, 2,6-DCPIP (37.5 mg/L) 100 μL, FeCl3·6H2O (150 mg/L) 100 μL, 细胞悬浮液(OD600=1.0) 100 μL、0#柴油10 μL。
使用GraphPad Prism软件进行单因素方差分析(one-way analysis of variance, one-way ANOVA),并采用邓肯法(Duncan)进行多重比较,显著性水平分别设定为P<0.05、P<0.01、P<0.001和P<0.000 1。
六个采样点的混合样品,每个样品取3个重复进行菌群定向驯化。考虑到实验时间和成本的限制,同时避免柴油梯度设置过大导致微生物难以适应环境压力,本研究选择进行5代梯度驯化。其中第3、4、5代驯化微生物菌群对不同浓度0#柴油中总石油烃(total petroleum hydrocarbons, TPH)的降解效果如图2所示。第3代驯化菌群对2 000 mg/L的0#柴油中TPH的降解效果较好,每个样品的3个驯化菌群7 d TPH降解率均值均超过70% (图2A);第4代驯化菌群中,仅S3号样品的3个驯化菌群对5 000 mg/L的0#柴油中TPH的7 d降解率均值超过60% (图2B);第5代驯化菌群中,S2、S3号样品各自的3个驯化菌群对7 000 mg/L的0#柴油中TPH的7 d降解率均值超过70%,S5、S6号样品的3个驯化菌群降解率均值超过60% (图2C)。这表明逐级提高0#柴油浓度驯化石油烃污染土著菌群,富集石油烃降解功能菌株的方式是合理的,可以为后续功能菌株分离筛选提供材料。
采用Shannon指数和Chao1指数来反映微生物α多样性对不同浓度0#柴油影响的响应。单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)结果表明,微生物群落α多样性在不同培养阶段呈现出显著差异(图3)。随着富集传代过程的推进,微生物群落α多样性明显升高。高浓度组(5G组)的细菌群落Shannon指数显著高于0#柴油低、中浓度组(3G、4G组),而低、中浓度组之间α多样性差异并不显著,低、中、高组在Chao1指数上差异并不显著(图3A3B)。对于真菌群落,高浓度组(5G组)的真菌群落Shannon指数和Chao1指数显著高于0#柴油低、中浓度组(3G、4G组),而低、中浓度组之间α多样性差异并不显著(图3C3D)。
为了进一步了解微生物群落结构与石油烃降解效果的关系,对各个驯化菌群中的微生物群落组成进行了分析(图4)。随着驯化培养基中石油烃浓度的升高,降解石油烃的功能微生物被富集。在2 000 mg/L 0#柴油条件下,细菌群落组成方面,各驯化菌群的组成结构在门水平上差异较大,无明显规律(图4A),但以假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)细菌为主,平均相对丰度为83.1% (图4B);真菌群落组成方面,各驯化菌群的群落组成结构在门水平上差异不大(图4C),平均相对丰度>10.0%的有3个门,壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)平均相对丰度分别为53.2%、31.7%和10.0%,总计占比达94.9% (图4D)。菌群驯化过程中,随着唯一碳源0#柴油的浓度升高,各驯化菌群群落结构在门水平上趋于相似(图4A4C)。在7 000 mg/L 0#柴油条件下,细菌平均相对丰度>10.0%的有3个门,分别为假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota),平均相对丰度分别为23.8%、20.6%和22.3%,总计占比66.7% (图4A4B);真菌平均相对丰度>10.0%的有5个门,分别为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)、unclassified_Fungi、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota),平均相对丰度分别为29.6%、29.2%、15.9%、12.8%和10.7%,总计占比98.2% (图4D)。
与低浓度相比,高浓度驯化菌群中细菌的假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota) (图5A)和真菌的壶菌门(Chytridiomycota) (图5B)平均相对丰度显著下降;而细菌的拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota) (图5C)、芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota) (图5D),真菌的担子菌门(Basidiomycota) (图5E)、unclassified_Fungi (图5F)、被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota) (图5G)平均相对丰度显著上升,子囊菌门(Ascomycota)变化不显著(图5H)。这表明细菌的假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)和真菌的壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)对高浓度0#柴油较为敏感,子囊菌门(Ascomycota)对0#柴油浓度变化不敏感,而拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)细菌,以及担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、unclassified_Fungi、被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)真菌可能对高浓度0#柴油具有较高的耐受性和更强的代谢能力。0#柴油浓度通过改变环境导致了细菌和真菌群落的重构,使3、4、5代驯化菌群的细菌和真菌群落显著区分。
菌群驯化过程中,随着唯一碳源0#柴油的浓度升高,细菌与真菌的某些属均表现出显著变化(图6)。具体而言,细菌假单胞菌门中的不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter) (图6A)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas) (图6B)、食碱菌属(Alcanivorax) (图6C)、小棒菌属(Parvibaculum) (图6D)以及拟杆菌门中的黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium) (图6E)的平均相对丰度显著下降。真菌担子菌门中的原隐球菌属(Saitozyma) (图6F)和子囊菌门中的镰孢菌属(Fusarium) (图6G)的平均相对丰度也显著下降。与此同时,芽孢杆菌门中的unclassified_Lachnospiraceae (图6H)和假单胞菌门中的unclassified_Muribaculaceae (图6I),子囊菌门中的Mycothermus (图6J)、unclassified_Fungi (图6K)以及毛霉菌门中的孢霉属(Mortierella) (图6L)的平均相对丰度显著上升。这表明unclassified_Lachnospiraceae、unclassified_Muribaculaceae细菌,以及Mycothermus、unclassified_Fungi、孢霉属真菌可能对高浓度TPH具有较高的耐受性和更强的代谢能力。
由于真菌的分离筛选易引发实验室污染,而细菌的分离和验证过程更为成熟和便捷,因此本研究仅针对细菌进行分离。通过稀释涂布和平板划线培养,在分离筛选培养基平板中从第5代驯化菌群的6个样品的3个重复共18个驯化菌群中,共分离获得58株细菌。从形态上观察,培养基中的菌落主要为圆形,颜色主要有绿色、白色、黄色和红色等。
对纯化成功的菌株进行16S rRNA基因的双向测序,并对获得的16S rRNA基因序列进行比对分析。58株细菌的16S rRNA基因GenBank序列号为PV571834-PV571891 (JGXF-1-JGXF-58),分属于4门7纲13目22科25属50个种。菌株主要分布在4个门,其中31株分属于假单胞菌门,占总数的53.45%;放线菌门13株,占总数的22.41%;芽孢杆菌门11株,占总数的18.97%;拟杆菌门3株,占总数的5.17% (表2)。
为了探究这些菌株间的进化关系,采用MEGA 11软件,运用最大似然(maximum likelihood, ML)法构建了系统发育树(图7),揭示了它们的进化关系。
分析微生物的功能基因对于了解分离菌株是否具有石油烃降解功能以及理解石油降解菌株的代谢机制至关重要。研究石油烃污染物生物降解的一些重要基因包括ladAalkBalmAnagAaAbAcAdtmoABCDE[29]。为了进一步了解分离菌株的功能基因情况,以分离菌株亲缘关系最近的模式菌或菌株基因组信息为参考,利用本地BLAST分析功能基因的赋存情况,从而进一步评估菌株的石油烃降解潜力。分析结果如图8所示,ladAalkBalmA基因在鞘氨醇杆菌属(Sphingobacterium)、短波单胞菌属(Brevundimonas)、农杆菌属(Agrobacterium)、无色杆菌属(Achromobacter)、食烷菌属(Alcanivorax)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium)、戈登氏菌属(Gordonia)、红球菌属(Rhodococcus)、冢村氏菌属(Tsukamurella)等属中广泛存在,这也与袁林杰等[30]的综述中提到的降解石油烃微生物一致。
基于2,6-二氯靛酚(2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol, 2,6-DCPIP)氧化还原指示剂来验证0#柴油的生物降解性已被广泛使用。大多数石油相关碳氢化合物很容易通过需氧微生物降解。Hanson等[31]首次将一种基于电子受体的筛选技术应用于该领域,通过在培养基中添加2,6-DCPIP,利用其颜色变化从蓝色(氧化态)到无色(还原态),有效评估微生物对底物的利用效率。
2,6-DCPIP实验表明,58株菌中有18株菌具有良好的石油烃降解功能(图9表3),其中有9株菌降解速率较快,分属于Pseudomonas、短芽孢杆菌属(Brevibacillus)、AcinetobacterGordoniaTsukamurella、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、Arthrobacter 7个属(图9表3)。这18株菌可作为潜在的生物修复菌剂,然而其对0#柴油中具体组分的利用及其在不同环境条件下对石油烃的降解能力还需在后续研究中进一步探讨。
逐级驯化使微生物菌群对石油烃污染的适应和降解能力呈现出复杂且有序的变化。随着驯化代数的增加及石油烃浓度的逐步提升,微生物群落结构发生显著改变,反映了微生物面对环境压力的适应性进化。在石油烃浓度升高的初期,微生物对石油烃的利用率先下降后上升,体现了菌群的适应过程(图10)。在高浓度石油烃条件下,微生物可能通过水平基因转移获得高效降解基因,从而在高浓度石油烃环境中获得竞争优势[32-33]。同时,微生物菌群内部存在协同作用,例如分泌表面活性剂以降低石油烃的表面张力,或产生生长因子和维生素以促进其他微生物的生长代谢,从而提高菌群的整体降解能力[34-35]。逐级驯化还可能涉及微生物细胞膜结构和功能的改变,增强其对石油烃的耐受性和摄取能力,例如转运蛋白的适应性变化使得石油烃更容易被运输到细胞内进行降解[36-37]。逐级驯化法为微生物菌群提供了一个逐步适应高浓度石油烃环境的过程,使其在生理、生化和生态层面进行调整和优化,从而实现对石油烃污染的高效降解。
通常情况下,随着TPH浓度的升高土壤细菌的操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU)数量和α多样性会降低[38-39]。研究表明石油烃浓度大于565 mg/kg会对微生物多样性产生抑制作用,属于高浓度污染[40]。也有研究发现,石油烃浓度大于20 000 mg/kg会显著降低土壤微生物多样性,而在4 000-20 000 mg/kg之间时微生物多样性无显著变化,但浓度大于20 000 mg/kg时微生物多样性会显著降低[41]。本研究发现在2 000 mg/L和5 000 mg/L 0#柴油条件下,微生物群落的α多样性变化不显著,而在7 000 mg/L条件下显著高于前两组(图3)。与以往研究结果存在差异,其原因可能包括:(1) 在高TPH浓度下,微生物的协同作用更为显著[42]。部分微生物能够将石油烃大分子分解为小分子,为其他微生物提供营养,从而促进多种微生物的生长,使得一定范围内高浓度TPH条件下这种协同作用增强,原先低相对丰度难以检测的微生物相对丰度升高,导致微生物多样性升高。(2) 高TPH浓度可能改变了微生物群落的组装机制,例如增强了生态位分化和物种共存的机会,促进了微生物群落的水平基因转移(horizontal gene transfer, HGT),使得原本不具备烃类降解能力的微生物获得了代谢潜能,其相对丰度提升导致微生物多样性升高[43]。不同代际驯化菌群在不同浓度0#柴油下的降解效果与群落结构密切相关。拟杆菌门和芽孢杆菌门中的许多细菌是已知具有石油烃降解能力的优势菌[44-45]。面对高浓度(5 000 mg/L和7 000 mg/L)的0#柴油,多数驯化群落(19/36)对石油烃仍保持较高的降解率 (>60%),表明在驯化过程中群落结构进一步调整和优化以适应高浓度石油烃环境的压力。优势降解群落的富集和群落结构的优化是高效降解石油烃的关键,本研究验证了逐级驯化法的科学性和有效性,为功能菌株的筛选和实际污染修复应用提供了理论和实践依据。
本研究通过逐步提高石油烃浓度模拟微生物的自然适应过程,较好地平衡了群落多样性和降解效率。通过逐级驯化提高菌株的适应性,同时保留了丰富的微生物多样性,有利于群落面对不同环境和污染类型时展现出更强的适应性和协同降解能力。在功能菌株筛选方面,采用改进后的2,6-DCPIP验证方法,操作简便、快速高效。相比气相色谱法检测石油烃降解率筛选菌株,该方法能够快速筛选出高效降解菌株且节约成本,为大规模筛选提供了实用的技术手段。
然而本研究仍有一些需要进一步深入探讨的问题。(1) 研究报道了极端环境下高效降解石油烃的微生物菌株[46-48],而本研究主要集中在常温条件,对微生物在不同环境条件下降解特性及适应机制的研究不足。后续研究将拓展至不同环境条件下,系统研究微生物的降解特性及其适应机制。例如,通过模拟高温、低温、高盐等极端环境,分析微生物的生长曲线、降解效率和代谢产物的变化,揭示其在不同环境下的适应策略。(2) 部分研究从基因层面分析了石油烃降解相关基因在群落中的分布和表达[49],而本研究虽涉及部分功能基因分析,但在基因表达和调控机制方面的研究有限。后续研究需加强这一领域,以深入理解群落降解石油烃的内在机制。(3) 本研究筛选出的18株具有石油烃降解功能的菌株,尤其是降解速率较快的9株,为开发生物修复菌剂提供了潜在候选菌株,但在实验室优化和扩大培养方面的研究不足。后续研究将加强对这些功能菌株的实验室优化和扩大培养研究。通过优化培养条件(如碳氮比、pH值、温度等),提高菌株的降解效率和稳定性,并进一步用于石油烃污染土壤和水体的修复。
本研究采用逐级驯化法,通过逐步提高0#柴油浓度定向驯化了高效石油烃降解微生物菌群,并筛选出具有石油烃降解功能的菌株。逐级驯化过程显著提高了微生物菌群对石油烃的降解能力,7/18的第5代驯化菌群在7 000 mg/L的0#柴油中7 d内TPH降解率超过70%,表明该方法能有效富集石油烃降解功能菌株。
微生物群落分析显示,在驯化过程中随着0#柴油浓度的升高,微生物群落结构发生显著变化。在高浓度石油烃的影响下,拟杆菌门和芽孢杆菌门等降解功能菌门的相对丰度增加,表明这些微生物对高浓度TPH具有更高的耐受性和代谢能力。同时,真菌群落中壶菌门和担子菌门的相对丰度显著上升,进一步证实了微生物群落演替与石油烃降解功能增强密切相关。
本研究通过稀释涂布和平板划线法从第5代驯化菌群中分离出58株细菌。基于16S rRNA基因序列分析发现,这些菌株分属4门7纲13目 22科25属。结合2,6-DCPIP验证实验,筛选出18株功能菌株,主要分属于假单胞菌属、不动杆菌属、戈登氏菌属和冢村氏菌属等,显示出较高的石油烃降解潜力,其中9株菌降解速率较快,可作为潜在的生物修复菌剂。
本研究揭示了逐级驯化中微生物群落的演替规律及其对石油烃降解能力的影响。逐级驯化法模拟了微生物对污染物的自然适应过程,加速了群落的进化,提高了其对高浓度石油烃的降解效率,为石油烃污染场地的生物修复提供了理论依据和技术支持。
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250345
  • 接收时间:2025-04-27
  • 首发时间:2026-02-06
  • 出版时间:2025-08-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-27
  • 录用日期:2025-06-20
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Beijing Construction Engineering Group Science and Technology Project(SA10000000272023051)
北京建工集团科技计划(SA10000000272023051)
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    1.污染场地安全修复技术国家工程实验室,北京
    2.北京建工环境修复股份有限公司,北京

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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