Article(id=1226460580958093739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226460576751206672, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240760, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1732723200000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1744128000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-04-09, onlineDate=1770340589035, onlineDateStr=2026-02-06, pubDate=1754236800000, pubDateStr=2025-08-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770340589035, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770340589035, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770340589035, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226460576751206672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3812', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770340588033, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770363610188, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226557138735117113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226460576751206672, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226557138735117114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226460576751206672, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3447, endPage=3467, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226460581239112130, articleId=1226460580958093739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Research status and hotspots of black soil microorganisms: a bibliometric perspective, columnId=1226460577816559897, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Microbiome in Black Soils, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] Black soil regions are globally critical for grain production, with their soil health directly impacting world food security and ecological stability. These regions hold significant strategic importance for sustainable agriculture and human health. In recent years, rapid advancements in microbiome research methodologies have highlighted the pivotal role of soil microorganisms in the sustainable utilization and health management of black soil. [Methods] To systematically summarize the research status and trends in black soil microorganisms, we employed “bibliometrix” R package and VOSviewer to conduct bibliometric analysis. We quantitatively analyzed the literature from the Web of Science core collection (2014-2024) and manually screened the abstracts. [Results] The results revealed a surge in the research on black soil microorganisms after 2021, with China, Russia, and the United States being the most prolific contributors. Leading institutions included the Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Key findings were predominantly published in Applied Soil Ecology, Soil Biology & Biochemistry, and Eurasian Soil Science. Current research focuses on microbial networks, biochar applications, and rhizosphere microecology, emphasizing the roles of microorganisms in soil fertility regulation, environmental remediation, soil improvement, climate change responses, and farming system optimization. Studies also explore interactions between microorganisms and environmental factors such as soil aggregates, physicochemical properties, and enzyme activities, with a growing shift toward mechanism insights. [Conclusion] Over the past decade, research on black soil microbiota has rapidly advanced, with current focus on the role of microorganisms in soil fertility enhancement and sustainable utilization. Future studies should integrate cutting-edge technologies such as microbiomics, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metabolomics to comprehensively analyze microbial community distribution, functionality, and regulatory mechanisms. Ultimately, this will provide a robust theoretical and technical foundation for the sustainable use and health enhancement of black soil resources.

, correspAuthors=Xuewen CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*Tel: +86-431-85542349, E-mail:
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【目的】 黑土区是全球重要的粮食生产基地,其土壤健康状况直接影响世界粮食安全与生态稳定,对农业绿色发展和人类健康具有重要的战略意义。近年来,随着微生物组研究手段的快速迭代,土壤微生物在黑土可持续利用与健康培育中的关键作用日益受到重视,本研究旨在对黑土微生物的研究现状与发展趋势进行系统总结。 【方法】 基于文献计量学方法,采用“bibliometrix” R包和VOSviewer软件对黑土微生物相关文献进行定量分析,并结合人工判读对Web of Science核心数据库2014-2024年黑土微生物相关文献的摘要内容进行分析。 【结果】 黑土微生物研究在2021年后呈暴发式增长,中国、俄罗斯和美国发文量最多,主要发文机构为中国科学院、中国科学院大学、东北农业大学、黑龙江省农业科学院和中国农业科学院等,相关成果主要发表于Applied Soil EcologySoil Biology & BiochemistryEurasian Soil Science等期刊。当前黑土微生物研究集中在微生物网络、生物炭应用、根际微生态等领域,主要关注微生物在土壤肥力调控、环境修复、土壤改良、气候变化响应及耕作制度优化中的作用,以及微生物与土壤团聚体、土壤理化性质、酶活性等环境因子的相互作用,正逐步向深层机制解析方向发展。 【结论】 近10年来,全球黑土微生物研究快速发展,当前聚焦于微生物在黑土培肥和可持续利用中的作用,未来应整合微生物组学及宏基因组、宏转录组、宏代谢组等前沿技术,多角度深入解析微生物群落的分布、功能及调控机制,从而为实现黑土资源的可持续利用与健康提升提供坚实的理论与技术支持。

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作者贡献声明

张蕾:研究构思与设计、数据分析、结果可视化、论文撰写和修改;陈学文:研究构思和指导、论文审阅与修改;梁爱珍:论文审阅与修订;黄文智:数据收集和处理、论文修改;柳亚彤:数据收集和处理、结果可视化及参与论文讨论;叶雯昕:数据收集、结果可视化及参与论文讨论;魏步青:论文整体框架的设计、结果可视化、论文撰写和修订。

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Nature Methods, 2013, 10(10): 996-998., articleTitle=UPARSE: highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial amplicon reads, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226596315975565476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580958093739, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=57, issue=6, pageStart=1458, pageEnd=1470, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[72], rfOrder=94, authorNames=陈香, 李卫民, 刘勤, journalName=土壤学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈香, 李卫民, 刘勤. 基于文献计量的近30年国内外土壤微生物研究分析[J]. 土壤学报, 2020, 57(6): 1458-1470., articleTitle=基于文献计量的近30年国内外土壤微生物研究分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226596316063645861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580958093739, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=57, issue=6, pageStart=1458, pageEnd=1470, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[72], rfOrder=95, authorNames=CHEN X, LI WM, LIU Q, journalName=Acta Pedologica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN X, LI WM, LIU Q. Bibliometric-based analysis of researches on soil microbes at home and abroad in the past 30 years[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2020, 57(6): 1458-1470 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226596316151726245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580958093739, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=11, issue=12, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[73], rfOrder=96, authorNames=TONG D, XU JM, journalName=National Science Review, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TONG D, XU JM. Element cycling by environmental viruses[J]. 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Background and frequency of research on black soil microorganisms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

研究背景

Research background

出现次数

Frequency of occurrence

主要内容及出现次数

Main content and frequency of occurrence

土壤健康

Soil health

94

农业可持续(33)、土壤质量(22)、土壤健康(16)、土壤肥力(12)、土壤修复(7)、土壤功能(2)、土壤微生物健康(2)

Sustainable agriculture (33), soil quality (22), soil health (16), soil fertility (12), soil remediation (7), soil functions (2), soil microbial health (2)

土壤生态系统

Soil ecosystem

32

农业生态系统(12)、土壤生态系统(11)、生态系统多功能性(3)、生态毒性(2)、草原生态保护(2)、生态系统服务(1)、生物多样性保护(1)

Agroecosystem (12), soil ecosystem (11), ecosystem functionality (3), ecological toxicity (2), grassland ecological protection (2), ecosystem services (1), biodiversity conservation (1)

), ArticleFig(id=1226596300808962647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580958093739, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

黑土微生物研究背景主要内容及出现次数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

研究背景

Research background

出现次数

Frequency of occurrence

主要内容及出现次数

Main content and frequency of occurrence

土壤健康

Soil health

94

农业可持续(33)、土壤质量(22)、土壤健康(16)、土壤肥力(12)、土壤修复(7)、土壤功能(2)、土壤微生物健康(2)

Sustainable agriculture (33), soil quality (22), soil health (16), soil fertility (12), soil remediation (7), soil functions (2), soil microbial health (2)

土壤生态系统

Soil ecosystem

32

农业生态系统(12)、土壤生态系统(11)、生态系统多功能性(3)、生态毒性(2)、草原生态保护(2)、生态系统服务(1)、生物多样性保护(1)

Agroecosystem (12), soil ecosystem (11), ecosystem functionality (3), ecological toxicity (2), grassland ecological protection (2), ecosystem services (1), biodiversity conservation (1)

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基于文献计量学的黑土微生物研究现状及热点分析
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张蕾 1, 2 , 陈学文 1, * , 梁爱珍 1 , 黄文智 1, 2 , 柳亚彤 1, 2 , 叶雯昕 1, 2 , 魏步青 3
微生物学报 | 黑土地微生物组 2025,65(8): 3447-3467
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微生物学报 | 黑土地微生物组 2025, 65(8): 3447-3467
基于文献计量学的黑土微生物研究现状及热点分析
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张蕾1, 2, 陈学文1, * , 梁爱珍1, 黄文智1, 2, 柳亚彤1, 2, 叶雯昕1, 2, 魏步青3
作者信息
  • 1.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林 长春
  • 2.中国科学院大学,北京
  • 3.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,北京
Research status and hotspots of black soil microorganisms: a bibliometric perspective
Lei ZHANG1, 2, Xuewen CHEN1, * , Aizhen LIANG1, Wenzhi HUANG1, 2, Yatong LIU1, 2, Wenxin YE1, 2, Buqing WEI3
Affiliations
  • 1.Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
  • 2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
  • 3.State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
出版时间: 2025-08-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240760
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【目的】 黑土区是全球重要的粮食生产基地,其土壤健康状况直接影响世界粮食安全与生态稳定,对农业绿色发展和人类健康具有重要的战略意义。近年来,随着微生物组研究手段的快速迭代,土壤微生物在黑土可持续利用与健康培育中的关键作用日益受到重视,本研究旨在对黑土微生物的研究现状与发展趋势进行系统总结。 【方法】 基于文献计量学方法,采用“bibliometrix” R包和VOSviewer软件对黑土微生物相关文献进行定量分析,并结合人工判读对Web of Science核心数据库2014-2024年黑土微生物相关文献的摘要内容进行分析。 【结果】 黑土微生物研究在2021年后呈暴发式增长,中国、俄罗斯和美国发文量最多,主要发文机构为中国科学院、中国科学院大学、东北农业大学、黑龙江省农业科学院和中国农业科学院等,相关成果主要发表于Applied Soil EcologySoil Biology & BiochemistryEurasian Soil Science等期刊。当前黑土微生物研究集中在微生物网络、生物炭应用、根际微生态等领域,主要关注微生物在土壤肥力调控、环境修复、土壤改良、气候变化响应及耕作制度优化中的作用,以及微生物与土壤团聚体、土壤理化性质、酶活性等环境因子的相互作用,正逐步向深层机制解析方向发展。 【结论】 近10年来,全球黑土微生物研究快速发展,当前聚焦于微生物在黑土培肥和可持续利用中的作用,未来应整合微生物组学及宏基因组、宏转录组、宏代谢组等前沿技术,多角度深入解析微生物群落的分布、功能及调控机制,从而为实现黑土资源的可持续利用与健康提升提供坚实的理论与技术支持。

黑土地保护  /  文献计量学  /  土壤微生物群落  /  研究热点  /  土壤健康

[Objective] Black soil regions are globally critical for grain production, with their soil health directly impacting world food security and ecological stability. These regions hold significant strategic importance for sustainable agriculture and human health. In recent years, rapid advancements in microbiome research methodologies have highlighted the pivotal role of soil microorganisms in the sustainable utilization and health management of black soil. [Methods] To systematically summarize the research status and trends in black soil microorganisms, we employed “bibliometrix” R package and VOSviewer to conduct bibliometric analysis. We quantitatively analyzed the literature from the Web of Science core collection (2014-2024) and manually screened the abstracts. [Results] The results revealed a surge in the research on black soil microorganisms after 2021, with China, Russia, and the United States being the most prolific contributors. Leading institutions included the Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Key findings were predominantly published in Applied Soil Ecology, Soil Biology & Biochemistry, and Eurasian Soil Science. Current research focuses on microbial networks, biochar applications, and rhizosphere microecology, emphasizing the roles of microorganisms in soil fertility regulation, environmental remediation, soil improvement, climate change responses, and farming system optimization. Studies also explore interactions between microorganisms and environmental factors such as soil aggregates, physicochemical properties, and enzyme activities, with a growing shift toward mechanism insights. [Conclusion] Over the past decade, research on black soil microbiota has rapidly advanced, with current focus on the role of microorganisms in soil fertility enhancement and sustainable utilization. Future studies should integrate cutting-edge technologies such as microbiomics, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metabolomics to comprehensively analyze microbial community distribution, functionality, and regulatory mechanisms. Ultimately, this will provide a robust theoretical and technical foundation for the sustainable use and health enhancement of black soil resources.

black soil conservation  /  bibliometrics  /  soil microbial communities  /  research hotspots  /  soil health
张蕾, 陈学文, 梁爱珍, 黄文智, 柳亚彤, 叶雯昕, 魏步青. 基于文献计量学的黑土微生物研究现状及热点分析. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (8) : 3447 -3467 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240760
Lei ZHANG, Xuewen CHEN, Aizhen LIANG, Wenzhi HUANG, Yatong LIU, Wenxin YE, Buqing WEI. Research status and hotspots of black soil microorganisms: a bibliometric perspective[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (8) : 3447 -3467 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240760
作为全球最肥沃的土壤资源之一[1],黑土以其独特的黑色腐殖质层和高有机质含量著称[2],主要分布于美国密西西比河流域、南美洲潘帕斯草原、乌克兰平原和中国东北平原[3]。尽管黑土仅占全球耕地面积的1/6[2],但其在农业生产中的地位极为重要:全球66%的向日葵、30%的小麦和26%的土豆均产自黑土区[4]。中国东北黑土区仅以占全国1/10的耕地面积[2,5],贡献了全国超过1/4的粮食产量和超过1/3的粮食调出量,被誉为我国粮食安全的“压舱石”和“稳压器”[6]。然而,长期不合理利用导致黑土资源严重退化[7],表现为土壤有机质含量下降[7]、结构恶化[8-9]、酸化加剧[10]和污染加重[11]等。此外,黑土退化不仅改变了土壤的理化性质,还显著降低了土壤微生物的多样性[12]
土壤微生物是土壤生态系统功能的重要调控者,主要通过以下5个方面维持土壤健康:(1) 调控碳循环,既能分解有机质,又能固定二氧化碳,保持土壤碳库平衡[13-15];(2) 驱动养分转化,通过参与碳、氮、磷等元素的生物循环,提高这些养分的可利用性[16-18];(3) 改善土壤结构,通过产生黏性物质促进土壤颗粒团聚,增强土壤稳定性[19-21];(4) 净化土壤环境,能够降解农药和微塑料,降低重金属毒性,并减少抗生素抗性基因的扩散[22-24];(5) 增强植物健康,通过与植物共生帮助植物抵抗干旱、病害等胁迫[25-27]。正因如此,土壤微生物多样性已成为衡量土壤健康的重要指标[28]。近年来,高通量测序技术的发展[28-29]以及分析软件QIIME算法[30]和mothur软件的广泛应用[29],使得土壤微生物研究更加高效和深入。据统计,2014-2024年,土壤微生物相关研究在土壤科学领域的发文占比从13%上升到17%,其中黑土微生物研究增长尤为迅速,成为国际土壤学研究的热点方向。
高通量测序技术的广泛应用极大地推动了黑土微生物研究的发展,相关成果在土壤培肥[31-33]、土壤碳循环[34-36]、环境胁迫响应[37-39]及土地利用影响[40-42]等领域不断涌现。然而,现有研究多聚焦于解决特定问题,尚未形成对黑土微生物领域整体发展态势的系统认知。全面评估黑土微生物领域的研究现状和发展趋势,有助于梳理黑土微生物研究的时序演变规律,并为未来研究方向提供重要参考[43]。传统的文献综述方法因其覆盖范围有限且主观性较强,难以实现对该领域的客观而全面的评估[44],而文献计量分析能够通过量化指标客观反映研究领域的发展动态、核心问题及未来趋势[44]。现有文献计量研究主要对发文量、合作网络和关键词演进等基础信息进行统计[45],对文献核心研究内容的深度挖掘仍然不足。本研究将文献计量分析与人工判读方法相结合,以2014-2024年Web of Science核心数据库(https://www.webofscience.com/)中的黑土微生物文献为分析对象,系统分析黑土微生物领域的文献分布特征、合作网络、研究热点及核心内容,以期为未来黑土微生物研究发展方向提供参考。
采用高级检索策略(advanced search),对Web of Science (WOS)核心数据库(https://www.webofscience.com/) 2014-2024年黑土微生物相关文献的关键信息进行收集,分别以“土壤+微生物” “黑土”及“黑土+微生物”为主题进行文献检索。“土壤+微生物”主题检索式为TS=(“soil”) AND TS=(microbe* OR bacteria OR bacterium OR fungi OR fungus OR “microbial diversity” OR “microbial communities” OR “microbial community” OR microbiome OR metagenomics OR virus OR viruses)。“黑土”检索式为:TS=(“black soil” OR chernozem OR mollisols)。“黑土+微生物”检索式为:TS=(“black soil” OR chernozem OR mollisols) AND TS=(microbe* OR bacteria OR bacterium OR fungi OR fungus OR “microbial diversity” OR “microbial communities” OR “microbial community” OR microbiome OR metagenomics OR virus OR viruses)。排除Article (研究性论文)和Review (综述论文)之外的文献信息后,最终获得土壤微生物相关文献85 834篇、黑土相关文献3 541篇及黑土微生物相关文献511篇。对黑土微生物相关文献以BibTeX格式和Plain text file格式导出以供后续分析,导出时选择“Full Record and Cited References”选项。
本研究主要基于R语言(4.4.1)进行统计,运用“bibliometrix” R包对近10年黑土微生物研究的发文趋势、学科分布、核心期刊、高被引文献、关键词进行数据挖掘。合作网络分析主要采用VOSviewer (1.6.2)共现网络模块,提取国家、机构、作者的发文量以及合作频次数据,结合Gephi和“ggplot2” R包进行数据可视化。此外,采用人工统计的方法对511篇相关文献摘要进行系统梳理,从研究背景、研究内容和研究指标3个维度进行分类统计。研究设定国家、机构和作者发文量阈值大于5篇为主要国家、机构和作者,选取出现频次大于7次的关键词为主要关键词,并将实验年限超过10年的定位试验田确定为长期定位试验田。
基于关键词的时间序列分析可有效揭示黑土微生物研究领域近10年的热点演进轨迹[46],其计算如公式(1)-(4)所示。
Fyears=year=ijfyearsyear=ijNyears×1 000,ijfyerasNyears×1 000,i=j
F2014-2018=20142018fyears20142018Nyears×1 000
F2019-2024=20192024fyears20192024Nyears×1 000
TF=lg F2019-2024F2014-2018
式中:fyears表示某关键词在特定年份样本文献中出现的频次,Nyears为对应年份的样本文献的数量,Fyears是某关键词某段时间内的标准化累计频次,即该时间段内每1 000篇论文中出现该关键词的文献平均数量,其中F2014-2018F2019-2024是2014-2018年和2019-2024年某关键词的标准化累计频次。
图1为2014-2024年全球土壤微生物、黑土及黑土微生物研究的发文趋势与学科分布特征。近10年,土壤微生物研究发文量呈线性增长趋势,而黑土及黑土微生物研究则呈现波动上升态势,可划分为3个发展阶段:发展期(2014-2017年)、波动上升期(2018-2021年)和稳定增长期(2022-2024年)。土壤微生物研究发文量于2021年趋于稳定,而黑土及黑土微生物研究则延续至2022年进入平稳期,这一时序差异表明黑土微生物领域具有更强的增长潜力。2014-2024年间,黑土微生物研究在土壤微生物领域的年发文量占比从0.40%增长至0.79%,其中2023年达到峰值0.84%,但其占比与其黑土在全球农业生产中的重要性严重不匹配,黑土微生物相关研究远远滞后于土壤微生物研究。同时,黑土微生物研究在黑土领域的年发文量占比从2014年的10.12%持续增长至2024年的15.24%,表明黑土微生物领域在黑土研究中越来越受到重视。
图1A环形图显示,土壤微生物研究、黑土及黑土微生物研究在发文量排名前10的学科分类中具有高度一致性。其中,土壤微生物研究的前3大学科为Environmental sciences (环境科学,26%)、Microbiology (微生物学,19%)和Soil science (土壤科学,15%);而黑土微生物研究同样以Soil science (土壤科学,39%)、Environmental sciences (环境科学,29%)、Microbiology (微生物学,12%)为主。土壤微生物研究还分布在Biotechnology applied microbiology (生物技术应用微生物学,7%)和Biochemistry molecular biology (生物化学和分子生物学,3%)领域,而黑土微生物研究则在Agriculture multidisciplinary (农业多学科,5%)和Water resources (水资源,3%)领域研究较多。这一学科分布特征表明,土壤微生物研究更侧重环境管理与生物技术应用,而黑土微生物研究则更聚焦于土壤科学及其在农业与水资源中的应用。
图1B环形图显示,黑土与黑土微生物研究在前10学科分类中具有高度一致性,前两大学科分类均为Soil science (土壤科学)和Environmental sciences (环境科学)。其中,黑土研究在Geoscience multidisciplinary (地球科学多学科,8%)和Engineering studies (工程学研究,4%)领域具有独特性,而黑土微生物则在Microbiology (微生物学,12%)和Engineering environmental (环境工程,4%)领域研究较多。这一学科分布进一步表明,黑土研究更侧重于地球科学与工程学,而黑土微生物研究则更关注微生物学与环境工程应用。
黑土微生物领域发文量排名前15的国家分布情况如图2A所示。中国以352篇的发文量位居首位,俄罗斯以73篇位列第2,其余国家依次为美国(33篇)、加拿大(24篇)、德国(16篇)和澳大利亚(13篇)等。图2B的国家合作网络分析显示,黑土微生物研究形成了以中国为核心的合作网络,中国与美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等国的合作研究较多。
图2C所示,发文量前5的机构为:Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院,157篇)、University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院大学,66篇)、Northeast Agricultural University (东北农业大学,53篇)、Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (黑龙江省农业科学院,42篇)和Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (中国农业科学院,36篇)。图2D的机构合作网络分析显示,Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院)、University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院大学)、Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (中国农业科学院)、Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (黑龙江省农业科学院)、Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (吉林省农业科学院)、China Agricultural University (中国农业大学)等科研机构间合作较多。
图2E展示了黑土微生物领域发文量排名前15的作者分布。发文量排名前15的作者均来自中国。图2F的作者合作网络分析显示,该领域作者合作呈现整体分散、局部集中的特征。其中,以Wang Guanghua (王光华,连接强度224)为中心的团队和以Wei Dan (魏丹,连接强度118)为核心的团队构成了主要的合作网络。
图3A显示,Applied Soil Ecology以38篇发文量(占总量的18.36%)位居首位,Eurasian Soil Science以34篇发文量(16.43%)位列第2,Soil Biology Biochemistry中发表的黑土微生物研究被引次数最多。基于布拉德福定律[47],黑土微生物研究的核心期刊包括Applied Soil EcologyEurasian Soil ScienceFrontiers in MicrobiologyScience of The Total EnvironmentAgronomy-BaselSoil Tillage ResearchSoil Biology Biochemistry
基于“bibliometrix” R包对2014-2024年黑土微生物研究关键词进行提取与统计分析,并进行了关键词时间趋势(term frequency, TF)分析[46]。在出现频次大于7的关键词中,15个关键词出现在对角线以上(TF>0),21个关键词出现在对角线以下(TF<0),呈现相对均衡的分布特征。结果表明,过去10年与黑土微生物相关的“Black soil” “Microbial community” “Soil”等核心主题保持相对稳定(TF在-0.08-0.14之间),其出现频次随时间呈显著上升趋势(图4)。
在36个关键词中,5个关键词研究热度呈显著上升(TF>0.4),3个关键词研究热度随着时间推移呈衰减趋势(TF<-0.4)。“Co-occurrence network (共现网络)” “Biochar (生物炭)” “Rhizosphere (根际)”等关键词在2016年、2017年、2019年之前几乎未出现,但近年来出现频次显著增多,对应的TF值趋近于1,已逐渐成为研究热点。此外,“Pyrosequencing (焦磷酸测序)”在2015年后逐年下降,至2021年后几乎消失(TF值趋近于-1)。与之形成对比的是,“High-throughput sequencing (高通量测序)”前5年与后5年出现频次总体保持一致,呈现持续增长趋势(TF值趋近于0),主要是由于微生物测序技术已从早期的“Pyrosequencing (焦磷酸测序)”向“High-throughput sequencing (高通量测序)”转变(图4)。
2014-2024年黑土微生物文献摘要的研究背景主要集中于土壤健康(18%)和土壤生态系统(6%) (表1)。其中,土壤健康研究以农业可持续(6%)、土壤质量(4%)和土壤健康评估(3%)为主,土壤生态系统研究则聚焦农业生态系统(2%)、土壤生态系统(2%)及生态系统多功能性(0.5%)。
近10年黑土微生物研究领域主要集中于土壤施肥(218篇,34%)、环境保护(138篇,21%)和土壤改良(107篇,17%),其次是气候环境(101篇)和耕作栽培(84篇) (图5)。土壤施肥主要聚焦于化肥、有机肥和有机无机配施的应用;环境保护研究以有机污染物、重金属和农药的污染问题为主;土壤改良中秸秆还田、生物炭和无机改良剂的改良方法出现次数居多;季节、气温、降水在气候环境研究中占比高达45%;耕作栽培主要包括间作、保护性耕作和轮作等田间管理措施。
图6所示,在黑土微生物领域研究主要关注的指标中,物理指标以土壤团聚体(46%)、土壤水分(32%)、土壤紧实度(17%)和土壤机械组成(5%)为主。化学指标主要涉及氮(159篇)、碳(144篇)和离子浓度(135篇)。微生物指标主要包括酶活、微生物菌门和微生物菌属。其中酶活以水解酶(42%)和氧化还原酶(32%)为主,细菌菌门以变形菌门(52篇)、放线菌门(40篇)、酸杆菌门(34篇)为主,真菌菌门以子囊菌门(32篇)、担子菌门(13篇)和接合菌门(4篇)为主,古细菌以深古菌门(4篇)为主,细菌菌属以芽孢杆菌属(20篇)、链霉菌属(8篇)、节杆菌属(6篇)为主,真菌菌属以镰刀菌属(6篇)、被孢霉属(5篇)为主,古细菌属以亚硝化球形菌属(5)为主。
在方法学创新[48]与理论深化[49]的双重驱动下,黑土微生物研究逐步发展为土壤微生物学的重要分支。回顾其发展历程,研究重点已从早期对微生物群落分布特征[50]的描述,逐渐转向解析微生物功能及其对黑土健康[51]的影响机制。黑土微生物研究大致经历了3个阶段的发展。
(1) 2014-2017年为黑土微生物的发展阶段。在这一阶段,黑土微生物研究主要集中在微生物群落的基本特征和分布规律。特别是16S rRNA基因测序技术的广泛应用[52],为微生物群落结构分析提供了有力工具。Liu等[53]利用高通量测序技术,系统揭示了东北黑土区细菌群落的空间分布格局,并证实环境因子是驱动群落变异的关键因素,为近10年微生物群落变异的影响因素研究奠定了坚实的理论基础。
近10年,气候环境对微生物影响的研究占比超过16%,涉及空间异质性、季节动态、气候要素(气温、降水、冻融)及地理梯度等维度,普遍采用土壤理化性质与微生物特性进行关联分析。在土壤物理性质中重点关注团聚体结构,例如冻融作用会导致不同粒径团聚体中的微生物群落发生显著变化[54]。在化学指标分析中,侧重于碳、磷等元素及pH值,土壤pH值与养分含量对微生物功能具有显著调控作用[55]。在生物指标中,水解酶和氧化还原酶的活性测定较多,研究表明秸秆还田配合氮肥施用能显著改变多种土壤酶(脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶)的活性[56]。此外,芽孢杆菌等功能微生物研究逐渐成为热点方向,在抑制土传病原菌的生长和改善土壤健康状况中起重要作用[57]
(2) 2018-2021年黑土微生物研究呈波动上升趋势。此阶段黑土微生物研究呈现出明显的应用导向特征。国内外学者开始聚焦微生物与土壤有机质[58]、养分循环[59]之间的复杂互作关系。自法国“千分之四”土壤增碳计划强调土壤有机质的重要性后[60],土壤碳循环的相关研究呈现爆炸式增长,特别是对有机碳、微生物量碳等关键指标的研究成为热点。随着农业供给侧结构性改革的深入推进[61],秸秆综合利用、生物炭改良等土壤保育措施在东北黑土区得到大规模推广[62]。这一政策导向催生了一批具有重要价值的研究成果。Yao等[62]通过长期定位试验研究发现,生物炭的施用不仅改变了土壤理化性质,更对真菌群落的组成和结构产生了深远影响。Shi等[63]通过15N同位素示踪技术与分子生物学手段发现生物炭显著改善土壤细菌群落,增加氮循环功能基因的丰度,从功能基因层面阐明了生物炭影响土壤氮素转化的微生物学机制,为黑土区施肥技术的优化提供了理论依据。
(3) 2022-2024年黑土微生物发文量稳定增长。由于中国科学院“黑土粮仓”科技会战的带动作用[64]和相关研究技术的突破[65],黑土微生物研究呈现研究深度和广度的同步拓展。单细胞组学技术[66]和宏基因组学[67]的应用使得微生物群落的多样性和功能得到了更精确的解析。例如,2022年Hu等[55]通过宏基因组学揭示了黑土微生物功能对碳氮循环的潜力,并提供了提升黑土地生产力的策略。
这一时期的黑土微生物研究内容逐渐集中,近10年超过半数的土壤化学指标分析都集中于碳氮循环相关参数。其中,不同形态氮素的转化规律(如铵态氮向硝态氮的转化)以及有机碳、氮的矿化过程成为热点方向,亚硝化球形菌属等古菌因其独特的代谢途径而受到特别关注[68]。这一阶段的研究也更加注重理论成果的转化,多项研究成果已直接服务于黑土耕地质量提升实践,例如通过调控微生物群落结构来改善土壤肥力[69]、基于微生物改良的有机培肥技术[70]等。这种产学研紧密结合的特点,标志着黑土微生物研究正在从基础研究向应用研究转型。
过去10年,黑土微生物研究的发展主要依托中国科研力量的推动,但国际合作仍发挥着重要作用。中国不仅是该领域发文量最多的国家,还与多个国家保持密切合作,其中与美国共同发表的论文数量尤为突出。
近年来,随着测序技术等研究手段的进步[71],特别是中国科学院“黑土粮仓”科技会战的启动[64],中国科学院逐渐成为该领域的主要研究机构,并与University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院大学)、Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (中国农业科学院)、Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (黑龙江省农业科学院)、Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (吉林省农业科学院)、China Agricultural University (中国农业大学)等研究所和高校建立了紧密合作关系。这一趋势表明,研究手段的进步与重大科研项目的实施显著提升了中国科研机构在黑土微生物研究中的影响力,还促进了不同机构间的协同研究[72]
尽管国内合作日益增强,但国际合作的深度和广度还存在一定局限性。目前,该领域缺乏稳定的跨国合作平台。各研究团队之间的研究方向差异较大,内部合作较为紧密,而外部合作相对较少。今后若能推动更多跨国、跨机构的合作,建立长效的国际研究联盟,将有助于加速黑土微生物领域的突破性进展。
近10年,黑土微生物研究主要集中在微生物群落结构方面,重点关注土壤施肥、环境保护、土壤改良及气候环境对微生物的影响。当前研究仍存在一定局限性:(1) 在测试指标的选择上不够全面。土壤物理指标测定较少,主要集中在土壤团聚体指标,缺乏对孔隙度、容重、紧实度等土壤物理结构指标的关注。化学指标方面,过度集中于碳、氮、磷、钾四大元素,对中微量营养元素如钙、镁、硫、铁等测定明显不足。(2) 在研究对象的选取上存在偏差。酶活性研究多局限于土壤碳、氮、磷循环相关的水解酶和氧化还原酶这2类酶。微生物群落分析则偏重细菌,特别是优势菌门,而对稀有菌门、真菌、古菌以及病毒的研究较为薄弱。特别值得注意的是,黑土病毒研究尚属新兴领域,当前有关黑土微生物研究中病毒的研究较少,且大部分病毒研究集中在挖掘病毒基因组资源和破译全球病毒分布,但病毒对生物地球化学循环的影响仍然知之甚少[73]。(3) 在研究方法和研究角度的选择上仍比较单一。微生物组、宏基因组、宏转录组、宏代谢组等前沿技术的联合分析较少,对土壤结构(团聚体微生物、土壤压实)、土壤剖面(浅层-深层)、微域环境(根际生命共同体)及土壤-植物互作系统等角度的研究还不够深入。
未来的研究应更多关注多组学技术的联合应用,如宏基因组学与代谢组学、宏转录组学、宏病毒组学的结合。基于多组学技术联合分析,系统解析农艺措施对根际微生物的影响[46]、黑土微生物群落对土壤物理结构的调控机制等,重点揭示代谢物的功能作用,并深化土壤真菌、古菌及病毒等微生物对黑土调控机制的研究。此外,相比主流的微生物高通量测序技术,单细胞拉曼技术可以实现非培养、无标记、低成本的微生物个体异质性识别[74],尤其是在微生物个体对环境变化的响应、代谢网络的解析等方面,在黑土微生物领域中具有极大的发展潜力。
近10年,全球黑土微生物研究快速发展,相关论文数量持续攀升。中国在黑土微生物研究领域表现突出,论文总量和研究机构发文量都位居前列,但各国间黑土微生物研究的实质性合作仍有待加强。当前黑土微生物研究主要集中在土壤施肥、环境保护、土壤改良和气候环境对黑土微生物的影响等方面。微生物与土壤结构的相互作用机制、根际微生物群落特征以及深层土壤微生物的分布规律等方向的研究仍显不足。随着宏代谢组学、宏基因组学和单细胞组学等新技术的广泛应用,未来研究有望在全面揭示细菌、真菌、古细菌以及病毒等微生物的多样性、深入探究微生物功能及其对土壤健康的影响、开发基于微生物调控的黑土可持续利用技术等方面取得突破,为黑土资源的科学保护和合理利用提供理论依据和技术支撑。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1500103)
  • 中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA28080201)
  • 吉林省重大科技专项(20230302005NC)
  • 中国科学院国际合作局国际伙伴计划(131323KYSB20210004)
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2025年第65卷第8期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240760
  • 接收时间:2024-11-28
  • 首发时间:2026-02-06
  • 出版时间:2025-08-04
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-28
  • 录用日期:2025-04-09
基金
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1500103)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1500103)
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Class A)(XDA28080201)
中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA28080201)
Major Science and Technology Project of Jilin Province(20230302005NC)
吉林省重大科技专项(20230302005NC)
International Partner Program of the International Cooperation Department, Chinese Academy of Sciences(131323KYSB20210004)
中国科学院国际合作局国际伙伴计划(131323KYSB20210004)
作者信息
    1.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林 长春
    2.中国科学院大学,北京
    3.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,北京

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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