Article(id=1226460580261835716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226460576751206672, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250099, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1739376000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1742486400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-03-21, onlineDate=1770340588870, onlineDateStr=2026-02-06, pubDate=1754236800000, pubDateStr=2025-08-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770340588870, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770340588870, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770340588870, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226460576751206672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3812', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770340588033, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770363610188, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226557138735117113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226460576751206672, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226557138735117114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226460576751206672, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3702, endPage=3720, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226460580723209172, articleId=1226460580261835716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Limosilactobacillus fermentum H3260 alleviates hyperuricemia by regulating the gut microbiota, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To investigate the in vitro uric acid degradation performance and physiological and biochemical characteristics of Limosilactobacillus fermentum H3260 isolated from human feces and examine the effects of this strain on the serum uric acid level and gut microbiota in the mouse model of hyperuricemia, providing scientific evidence for the development of functional food for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia. [Methods] HPLC and the uric acid production assay were employed to determine the abilities of the target strain to degrade uric acid, adenosine, and nucleosides and to inhibit xanthine oxidase. The probiotic characteristics of the strain were evaluated by antimicrobial sensitivity tests and in vitro tolerance tests. The uric acid-lowering effect of L. fermentum H3260 was verified by in vivo experiments. [Results] L. fermentum H3260 was screened out. The strain exhibited degradation rates of (86.84±0.03)% for uric acid, (60.84±2.21)% for adenine, and (100.00±0.00)% for nucleosides, along with an inhibition rate of 22.48% for xanthine oxidase. The strain was sensitive to seven common antibiotics, including erythromycin, ceftriaxone, penicillin G, and chloramphenicol. After treatment in 0.3% bile salt for 2.5 h, the bacterial count remained above 1.00×106 CFU/mL. Animal experiments showed that the strain significantly reduced uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen in hyperuricemic mice and regulate the gut microbiota to alleviate hyperuricemia. [Conclusion] We successfully screened out a strain L. fermentum H3260 capable of efficiently degrading uric acid, adenosine, and nucleosides. The strain exhibited good physiological and biochemical characteristics in vitro and significantly improved hyperuricemia-related indicators and regulated the gut microbiota in vivo, showing potential as an elite strain for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia.

, correspAuthors=Bangzhou ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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【目的】 探究从人体粪便中分离得到的一株发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260的体外降尿酸性能及其生理生化特性,并进一步评估该菌株对高尿酸血症小鼠模型血清尿酸水平及肠道菌群的影响,旨在为开发预防和治疗高尿酸血症的功能性食品提供科学依据。 【方法】 采用高效液相色谱法和尿酸生成法体外测定乳杆菌对尿酸、嘌呤、核苷的降解能力及其对黄嘌呤氧化酶的抑制能力。通过药敏性试验和体外耐受性试验,评估菌株的益生菌特性。通过体内实验验证发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260的降尿酸作用。 【结果】 筛选出一株发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260,其对尿酸、腺嘌呤和核苷的降解率分别为(86.84±0.03)%、(60.84±2.21)%和(100.00±0.00)%,对黄嘌呤氧化酶的抑制率为22.48%。该菌株对红霉素、头孢曲松、青霉素G、氯霉素等7种常见抗生素敏感,在0.3%的胆盐环境下处理2.5 h后,菌株数量仍然能维持在1.00×106 CFU/mL以上。动物实验结果表明,该菌株能显著降低高尿酸血症小鼠的尿酸、肌酐和尿素氮水平,并通过调节肠道菌群来缓解高尿酸血症。 【结论】 本研究通过高效液相色谱法及体外黄嘌呤氧化酶测定法筛选出具有高效降解尿酸的发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260,该菌株在体外展现出良好的生理生化特性,并在体内实验中显著改善高尿酸血症相关指标及调节肠道菌群,展现出作为预防和治疗高尿酸血症优势菌种的潜力。

, correspAuthors=张帮周, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Jud8PI1yD/jWTeyCwR2I0w==, magXml=UHUeITVBZjhy1oM7+I9q7Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=g5324ES8X0vYxzLyyarGKA==, pdfFileSize=3565342, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=HAqGZo6rZyhl3kUfnjxpOA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=zrY+7av3iORWP8O3Rs8ZvQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

作者贡献声明

林文珍:研究设计和论文撰写;柳小妹:实验操作和数据分析;袁宋健:实验设计,执行了生长曲线、最适温度等测定,并协助数据分析;钱凯:实验设计,动物实验等测定,并协助数据分析;李源涛:执行了耐胆盐、药敏实验等测定;林志楷:参与了论文校对;徐炜:对实验方案提出了宝贵建议,并参与了论文校对;张帮周:协调了整个研究项目,并对论文的最终版本进行了审校。

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3.Jiangxi Treatgut Biotechnology Co. , Ltd. , Yichun, Jiangxi, China
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A: Uric acid standard; B: Uric acid co-incubated with H3260 for 6 h; C: Adenine and guanine standards; D: Adenine and guanine co-incubated with H3260 for 6 h; E: Inosine and adenosine standards; F: Inosine and adenosine co-incubated with H3260 for 6 h., figureFileSmall=J40ri4SDABjGR2OkZr9OyA==, figureFileBig=ZAQynQhv61zW+T8OC0QKsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596299718443529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=CN, label=图1, caption=H3260对尿酸、腺嘌呤、鸟苷、肌苷和腺苷的降解图。A:尿酸标准品;B:尿酸与H3260共孵育6 h;C:腺嘌呤和鸟苷标准品;D:腺嘌呤和鸟苷与H3260共孵育6 h;E:肌苷和腺苷标准品;F:肌苷和腺苷与H3260共孵育6 h。, figureFileSmall=J40ri4SDABjGR2OkZr9OyA==, figureFileBig=ZAQynQhv61zW+T8OC0QKsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596299915575834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=The in vitro inhibitory ability of Lactobacillus on XOD., figureFileSmall=eVzB/8LeqIqw+0u0G+l2Tw==, figureFileBig=fN3g2CIqd1+EK1Pd0FfYsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596300045599267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=CN, label=图2, caption=乳杆菌体外抑制XOD的能力, figureFileSmall=eVzB/8LeqIqw+0u0G+l2Tw==, figureFileBig=fN3g2CIqd1+EK1Pd0FfYsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596300142068267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of isolate and sequences of related species. Bootstrap values were expressed as a percentage of 1 000 replications. Numbers in brackets represent the sequences of accession numbers in GenBank. Bar 0.10 represents sequence divergence., figureFileSmall=K4hyRLDGDddxvhuu+Im5uw==, figureFileBig=2904CGLwAghLqba3DIv3zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596300259508790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=CN, label=图3, caption=基于16S rRNA基因序列构建的系统发育树, figureFileSmall=K4hyRLDGDddxvhuu+Im5uw==, figureFileBig=2904CGLwAghLqba3DIv3zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596300347589182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Growth curve of Limosilactobacillus fermentum H3260., figureFileSmall=d5FsTjIMFs4ZHyDpcojIbg==, figureFileBig=90r4fgA52iShB3zwhHPD8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596300435669575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=CN, label=图4, caption=发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260的生长曲线, figureFileSmall=d5FsTjIMFs4ZHyDpcojIbg==, figureFileBig=90r4fgA52iShB3zwhHPD8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596300544721484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Optimum temperature (A) and pH (B) for Limosilactobacillus fermentum H3260., figureFileSmall=1x6/p48eZ9QhyIzRrY6K+A==, figureFileBig=N7yKa2xL8QhurMwbcDQbJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596300670550607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=CN, label=图5, caption=发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260的最适温度(A)和最适pH (B), figureFileSmall=1x6/p48eZ9QhyIzRrY6K+A==, figureFileBig=N7yKa2xL8QhurMwbcDQbJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596300825739867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Number of bacilli surviving Limosilactobacillus fermentum H3260 in bile salt environment., figureFileSmall=/Vy90hlzKwLGXQNLzjTLqQ==, figureFileBig=d+OE4p27crYtMs1P/DinTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596300972540513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=CN, label=图6, caption=发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260在胆盐环境中存活的菌株数量, figureFileSmall=/Vy90hlzKwLGXQNLzjTLqQ==, figureFileBig=d+OE4p27crYtMs1P/DinTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596301081592424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Effects of fermented mucoid Limosilactobacillus fermentum H3260 on serum biochemical indicators in mice. A: Serum uric acid concentration; B: Serum creatinine concentration; C: Serum urea nitrogen concentration; D: Serum xanthine oxidase activity. CON: Control group; MOD: Hyperuricemia model group; ADC: Positive drug control group; H3260: Limosilactobacillus fermentum H3260 treatment group. *: Significant difference (P<0.05); **: Highly significant difference (P<0.01); ***: Extremely significant difference (P<0.001)., figureFileSmall=WAeBqVkvjzUpih9Tu+Ggew==, figureFileBig=wP8242hxd6GWv2k3KWEEOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596301182255729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=CN, label=图7, caption=发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260对小鼠血清生化指标的影响。A:血清尿酸浓度;B:血清肌酐浓度;C:血清尿素氮浓度;D:血清黄嘌呤氧化酶活性。CON:空白对照组;MOD:高尿酸模型组;ADC:阳性药物对照组;H3260:发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260治疗组。*差异显著(P<0.05);**差异极显著(P<0.01);***差异高度显著(P<0.001)。, figureFileSmall=WAeBqVkvjzUpih9Tu+Ggew==, figureFileBig=wP8242hxd6GWv2k3KWEEOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596301316473467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Kidney pathology results. A: CON: Control group; B: MOD (Hyperuricemia model group); C: ADC (Positive drug control group); D: H3260: Limosilactobacillus fermentum H3260 treatment group. Red arrow: Scattered lymphocyte infiltration; Yellow arrow: Formation of protein casts; Blue arrow: Reduced eosinophilic staining of epithelial cytoplasm; Green arrow: Mild connective tissue hyperplasia; Brown arrow: Inflammatory cells and necrotic cellular debris., figureFileSmall=ylmDfTAJvRDMH/B8Nyt8Ng==, figureFileBig=YrwOb3UCKfaexh89H3eHZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596301433913983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=CN, label=图8, caption=肾脏病理结果。A:CON (对照组);B:MOD (高尿酸模型组);C:ADC (阳性药物对照组);D:H3260 (发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260治疗组)。红色箭头:淋巴细胞散在浸润;黄色箭头:形成蛋白管型;蓝色箭头:上皮细胞胞质嗜酸性减弱;绿色箭头:结缔组织轻度增生;棕色箭头:炎性细胞及坏死细胞碎片。, figureFileSmall=ylmDfTAJvRDMH/B8Nyt8Ng==, figureFileBig=YrwOb3UCKfaexh89H3eHZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596301572326023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Effects of fermented mucoid Limosilactobacillus fermentum H3260 on gut microbiota diversity and structure in mice. A: Changes in gut microbiota diversity; B: Differences in gut microbiota structure; C: Changes in relative abundance at the phylum level of gut microbiota; D: Variation in the Bacillota/Bacteroidota ratio among different groups; E: Changes in the relative abundance of gut microbiota at the genus level; F: Correlation analysis of differential bacteria and biochemical indicators between the model group and the Limosilactobacillus fermentum H3260 group. CON: Control group; MOD: Hyperuricemia model group; ADC: Positive drug control group; H3260: Limosilactobacillus fermentum H3260 treatment group. *: Significant difference (P<0.05); **: Highly significant difference (P<0.01); ***: Extremely significant difference (P<0.001)., figureFileSmall=V757Qw++sTOwywutATdhqw==, figureFileBig=Fq0SgVd9l6AbxXUOZ4b0Xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596301681377935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=CN, label=图9, caption=发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260对小鼠肠道菌群多样性和结构的影响。A:肠道菌群多样性的变化;B:肠道菌群结构的差异;C:肠道菌群在门水平上的相对丰度变化;D:不同组间Bacillota/Bacteroidota比例的变化;E:肠道菌群在属水平上的相对丰度变化;F:模型组与发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260组差异菌与生化指标的相关性分析。CON:空白对照组;MOD:高尿酸模型组;ADC:阳性药物对照组;H3260:发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260治疗组。, figureFileSmall=V757Qw++sTOwywutATdhqw==, figureFileBig=Fq0SgVd9l6AbxXUOZ4b0Xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596301819789975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Reaction system for XOD inhibition rate determination

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupPBS (mL)Sample (mL)Xanthine (mL)XOD (mL)
A2.00.01.51.5
B3.50.01.50.0
C0.51.51.51.5
D2.01.51.50.0
), ArticleFig(id=1226596301924647580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

XOD 抑制率测定的反应体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupPBS (mL)Sample (mL)Xanthine (mL)XOD (mL)
A2.00.01.51.5
B3.50.01.50.0
C0.51.51.51.5
D2.01.51.50.0
), ArticleFig(id=1226596302042088103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of Lactobacillus identification results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
IDSpecies nameIDSpecies name
H2177L. rhamnosusH0662L. plantarum
H2181L. rhamnosusH0678L. plantarum
H2186L. rhamnosusH2913L. plantarum
H2287L. rhamnosusH2965L. plantarum
H2290L. rhamnosusH3415L. plantarum
H2621L. paracasei subsp. toleransH3536L. sakei
H2624L. paracasei subsp. toleransH3537L. sakei
H2626L. paracasei subsp. toleransH3538L. sakei
H1286L. paracasei subsp. toleransH3539L. sakei
H2629L. paracasei subsp. toleransH3545L. sakei
H3312L. paracasei subsp. toleransH3546L. sakei
H2190L. paracasei subsp. toleransH3547L. sakei
H3762L. acidophilusH3548L. sakei
H3771L. acidophilusH3550L. sakei
H3773L. acidophilusH2060L. fermentum
H3774L. acidophilusH2104L. fermentum
H4987L. acidophilusH3260L. fermentum
), ArticleFig(id=1226596302163722926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

乳杆菌鉴定结果比对

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
IDSpecies nameIDSpecies name
H2177L. rhamnosusH0662L. plantarum
H2181L. rhamnosusH0678L. plantarum
H2186L. rhamnosusH2913L. plantarum
H2287L. rhamnosusH2965L. plantarum
H2290L. rhamnosusH3415L. plantarum
H2621L. paracasei subsp. toleransH3536L. sakei
H2624L. paracasei subsp. toleransH3537L. sakei
H2626L. paracasei subsp. toleransH3538L. sakei
H1286L. paracasei subsp. toleransH3539L. sakei
H2629L. paracasei subsp. toleransH3545L. sakei
H3312L. paracasei subsp. toleransH3546L. sakei
H2190L. paracasei subsp. toleransH3547L. sakei
H3762L. acidophilusH3548L. sakei
H3771L. acidophilusH3550L. sakei
H3773L. acidophilusH2060L. fermentum
H3774L. acidophilusH2104L. fermentum
H4987L. acidophilusH3260L. fermentum
), ArticleFig(id=1226596302243414709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The degradation rates of 12 strains for uric acid, adenine, guanosine, inosine, and adenosine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainDegradation rate (%)
Uric acidAdenineGuanosineInosineAdenosine
H376209.13±0.0475.35±2.5698.13±0.24100.00±0.00
H3773012.22±2.1398.79±3.24100.00±0.0100.00±0.00
H498709.27±1.0476.12±2.1488.99±1.34100.00±0.00
H291300100.00±0.00100.00±0.00100.00±0.00
H29650089.16±3.34100.00±0.00100.00±0.00
H35394.93±3.8118.73±5.23100.00±0.0092.06±2.2495.99±0.14
H35456.40±2.110100.00±0.0095.92±0.2498.71±0.67
H35462.46±3.110100.00±0.0083.08±2.2488.67±2.24
H35477.88±0.120100.00±0.0093.56±4.0197.45±0.21
H35486.90±1.230100.00±0.0098.92±1.2399.64±2.23
H35506.40±2.030100.00±0.0098.25±1.3199.66±0.11
H326086.84±0.0360.84±2.21100.00±0.00100.00±0.00100.00±0.00
), ArticleFig(id=1226596302352466622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

12株菌株对尿酸、腺嘌呤、鸟苷、肌苷和腺苷的降解率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StrainDegradation rate (%)
Uric acidAdenineGuanosineInosineAdenosine
H376209.13±0.0475.35±2.5698.13±0.24100.00±0.00
H3773012.22±2.1398.79±3.24100.00±0.0100.00±0.00
H498709.27±1.0476.12±2.1488.99±1.34100.00±0.00
H291300100.00±0.00100.00±0.00100.00±0.00
H29650089.16±3.34100.00±0.00100.00±0.00
H35394.93±3.8118.73±5.23100.00±0.0092.06±2.2495.99±0.14
H35456.40±2.110100.00±0.0095.92±0.2498.71±0.67
H35462.46±3.110100.00±0.0083.08±2.2488.67±2.24
H35477.88±0.120100.00±0.0093.56±4.0197.45±0.21
H35486.90±1.230100.00±0.0098.92±1.2399.64±2.23
H35506.40±2.030100.00±0.0098.25±1.3199.66±0.11
H326086.84±0.0360.84±2.21100.00±0.00100.00±0.00100.00±0.00
), ArticleFig(id=1226596302465712835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Sensitivity results of Limosilactobacillus fermentum H3260 to antibiotics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AntibioticsCriteriaDiameter of inhibition zone (mm)Sensitivity level
RIS
Erythromycin≤1314-22≥2324.0±1.5S
Penicillin≤28-≥2931.5±1.0S
Oxacillin≤1011-12≥1318.5±1.0S
Clindamycin≤1415-20≥2126.0±1.25S
Chloroamphenicol≤1213-17≥1830.5±0.5S
Norfloxacin≤1213-16≥170R
Ciprofloxacin≤1516-20≥210R
Kanamycin≤1314-17≥180R
Ceftriaxone sodium≤1314-20≥2123.0±1.0S
Tetracycline≤1415-18≥1923.5±1.0S
Co-trimoxazole≤1011-15≥1611.0±0.75I
), ArticleFig(id=1226596302595736271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460580261835716, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260对抗生素的敏感性结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AntibioticsCriteriaDiameter of inhibition zone (mm)Sensitivity level
RIS
Erythromycin≤1314-22≥2324.0±1.5S
Penicillin≤28-≥2931.5±1.0S
Oxacillin≤1011-12≥1318.5±1.0S
Clindamycin≤1415-20≥2126.0±1.25S
Chloroamphenicol≤1213-17≥1830.5±0.5S
Norfloxacin≤1213-16≥170R
Ciprofloxacin≤1516-20≥210R
Kanamycin≤1314-17≥180R
Ceftriaxone sodium≤1314-20≥2123.0±1.0S
Tetracycline≤1415-18≥1923.5±1.0S
Co-trimoxazole≤1011-15≥1611.0±0.75I
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发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260通过调节肠道微生物群来缓解高尿酸血症
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林文珍 1 , 柳小妹 2 , 袁宋健 2 , 钱凯 4 , 李源涛 2 , 林志楷 1 , 徐炜 2, 3, 4 , 张帮周 2, 3, 4, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(8): 3702-3720
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(8): 3702-3720
发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260通过调节肠道微生物群来缓解高尿酸血症
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林文珍1, 柳小妹2, 袁宋健2, 钱凯4, 李源涛2, 林志楷1, 徐炜2, 3, 4, 张帮周2, 3, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1.福建省亚热带植物研究所,福建省亚热带植物生理生化重点实验室,福建 厦门
  • 2.厦门承葛生物科技有限公司,福建 厦门
  • 3.江西承葛生物科技有限公司,江西 宜春
  • 4.宜春学院 医学院,江西 宜春
Limosilactobacillus fermentum H3260 alleviates hyperuricemia by regulating the gut microbiota
Wenzhen LIN1, Xiaomei LIU2, Songjian YUAN2, Kai QIAN4, Yuantao LI2, Zhikai LIN1, Wei XU2, 3, 4, Bangzhou ZHANG2, 3, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, China
  • 2.Xiamen Treatgut Biotechnology Co. , Ltd. , Xiamen, Fujian, China
  • 3.Jiangxi Treatgut Biotechnology Co. , Ltd. , Yichun, Jiangxi, China
  • 4.School of Clinical Medicine, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
出版时间: 2025-08-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250099
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【目的】 探究从人体粪便中分离得到的一株发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260的体外降尿酸性能及其生理生化特性,并进一步评估该菌株对高尿酸血症小鼠模型血清尿酸水平及肠道菌群的影响,旨在为开发预防和治疗高尿酸血症的功能性食品提供科学依据。 【方法】 采用高效液相色谱法和尿酸生成法体外测定乳杆菌对尿酸、嘌呤、核苷的降解能力及其对黄嘌呤氧化酶的抑制能力。通过药敏性试验和体外耐受性试验,评估菌株的益生菌特性。通过体内实验验证发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260的降尿酸作用。 【结果】 筛选出一株发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260,其对尿酸、腺嘌呤和核苷的降解率分别为(86.84±0.03)%、(60.84±2.21)%和(100.00±0.00)%,对黄嘌呤氧化酶的抑制率为22.48%。该菌株对红霉素、头孢曲松、青霉素G、氯霉素等7种常见抗生素敏感,在0.3%的胆盐环境下处理2.5 h后,菌株数量仍然能维持在1.00×106 CFU/mL以上。动物实验结果表明,该菌株能显著降低高尿酸血症小鼠的尿酸、肌酐和尿素氮水平,并通过调节肠道菌群来缓解高尿酸血症。 【结论】 本研究通过高效液相色谱法及体外黄嘌呤氧化酶测定法筛选出具有高效降解尿酸的发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260,该菌株在体外展现出良好的生理生化特性,并在体内实验中显著改善高尿酸血症相关指标及调节肠道菌群,展现出作为预防和治疗高尿酸血症优势菌种的潜力。

尿酸  /  嘌呤核苷  /  乳杆菌

[Objective] To investigate the in vitro uric acid degradation performance and physiological and biochemical characteristics of Limosilactobacillus fermentum H3260 isolated from human feces and examine the effects of this strain on the serum uric acid level and gut microbiota in the mouse model of hyperuricemia, providing scientific evidence for the development of functional food for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia. [Methods] HPLC and the uric acid production assay were employed to determine the abilities of the target strain to degrade uric acid, adenosine, and nucleosides and to inhibit xanthine oxidase. The probiotic characteristics of the strain were evaluated by antimicrobial sensitivity tests and in vitro tolerance tests. The uric acid-lowering effect of L. fermentum H3260 was verified by in vivo experiments. [Results] L. fermentum H3260 was screened out. The strain exhibited degradation rates of (86.84±0.03)% for uric acid, (60.84±2.21)% for adenine, and (100.00±0.00)% for nucleosides, along with an inhibition rate of 22.48% for xanthine oxidase. The strain was sensitive to seven common antibiotics, including erythromycin, ceftriaxone, penicillin G, and chloramphenicol. After treatment in 0.3% bile salt for 2.5 h, the bacterial count remained above 1.00×106 CFU/mL. Animal experiments showed that the strain significantly reduced uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen in hyperuricemic mice and regulate the gut microbiota to alleviate hyperuricemia. [Conclusion] We successfully screened out a strain L. fermentum H3260 capable of efficiently degrading uric acid, adenosine, and nucleosides. The strain exhibited good physiological and biochemical characteristics in vitro and significantly improved hyperuricemia-related indicators and regulated the gut microbiota in vivo, showing potential as an elite strain for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia.

uric acid  /  purine nucleoside  /  Lactobacillus
林文珍, 柳小妹, 袁宋健, 钱凯, 李源涛, 林志楷, 徐炜, 张帮周. 发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260通过调节肠道微生物群来缓解高尿酸血症. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (8) : 3702 -3720 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250099
Wenzhen LIN, Xiaomei LIU, Songjian YUAN, Kai QIAN, Yuantao LI, Zhikai LIN, Wei XU, Bangzhou ZHANG. Limosilactobacillus fermentum H3260 alleviates hyperuricemia by regulating the gut microbiota[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (8) : 3702 -3720 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250099
尿酸(uric acid, UA)作为人体内嘌呤类物质代谢的终产物,其溶解度较低,主要以尿酸盐形式存在[1]。当人体内嘌呤代谢发生紊乱,导致UA生成增加或排泄受阻时,UA会在组织和关节内大量蓄积,从而形成高尿酸血症(hyperuricemia, HUA)[2]。根据诊断标准,无论性别,若非同日两次空腹血尿酸水平高于420 μmol/L时,即可诊断为HUA[3]。HUA与痛风密切相关,UA水平过高会导致尿酸盐析出结晶,这些晶体沉积于关节中,进而引发痛风[4]。此外,HUA还被认为是动脉粥样硬化的危险因素,与代谢综合征、高血压、慢性糖尿病及肾脏疾病的发生密切相关[5]。随着生活水平的提高,全球HUA及痛风的患病率逐年上升。数据显示,截至2020年,全球HUA及痛风患病人数已达9.3亿人,其中中国HUA的患病人数约为1.7亿人,痛风患病人数约为1 466万人。考虑到中国未来的人口增长趋势和患病率的持续上升,预计到2030年,中国HUA及痛风患病人数将增至2.4亿人,且发病群体呈现年轻化趋势[6-7]。因此,HUA已成为严重威胁人类健康的重大公共卫生疾病之一。
目前,临床上治疗HUA的常用药物包括别嘌呤醇、非布索坦、苯溴马隆和丙磺舒等,这些药物虽起效迅速且治疗周期较短,但均存在明显的副作用,如易引发过敏反应并对患者的机体造成较大损害[8]。因此,开发一种对人体副作用较小或无副作用的降尿酸药物具有重要的临床意义。
根据联合国粮食及农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO)/世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)的定义,益生菌是指“当摄入足够量时,能够为宿主带来健康益处的活微生物”[9]。益生菌在促进人体健康方面发挥着巨大作用[10]。乳酸菌(lactic acid bacteria, LAB)作为人体肠道中常见的益生菌,具有促进肠道健康、调节免疫、产生抗菌物质以及释放功能性蛋白质等作用[11]。乳杆菌(Lactobacillus)是乳酸菌中的重要类群,属于兼性厌氧的杆状细菌,广泛分布于发酵食品和人体肠道、生殖道等黏膜环境中。因其独特的代谢能力,乳杆菌已成为调控尿酸稳态的研究热点[12-13]。例如,Zhao等[14]利用鼠李糖乳酪杆菌Fmb14治疗HUA小鼠,显著降低了小鼠血清UA水平。Shi等[15]通过植物乳植杆菌对HUA小鼠进行干预后,发现其肝脏和肾脏的病理损伤有所减轻,炎症反应也得到缓解,血液中UA水平降低,UA代谢平衡得以恢复。Lee等[16]从发酵食品中筛选出2株能降解肌苷、鸟苷、腺苷的副干酪乳杆菌MJM60396和加氏乳杆菌MJM60662,发现副干酪乳杆菌MJM60396可有效地降低HUA小鼠的尿酸水平,减轻炎症损伤并平衡肠道菌群。因此,能够有效降解尿酸、嘌呤核苷的乳杆菌是预防HUA的潜在方法[17]
本研究从健康人体粪便中筛选出乳酸菌,采用高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)法和尿酸生成法筛选出具有潜在降尿酸功能的乳杆菌。通过一系列生理生化实验对菌株的益生菌特性进行系统分析。通过构建动物实验模型,评估筛选出的益生菌对HUA的缓解效果,以期为HUA的治疗提供新的思路和理论依据,同时为微生态药物的研发奠定基础。
脑心浸液(BHI)固体培养基(g/L):蛋白胨10.0,脱水小牛脑浸粉12.5,脱水牛心浸粉5.0,氯化钠5.0,葡萄糖2.0,磷酸氢二钠2.5,琼脂15.0,121 ℃灭菌20 min。
BHI液体培养基:BHI液体培养基预制粉末54.0 g/L,调整pH值至5.7±0.2,121 ℃灭菌20 min。
模拟胃液:根据《中华人民共和国药典(2015版)》[18]提供的方法,准确量取16.4 mL的1 mol/L HCl,加入800 mL去离子水,再加入10 g胃蛋白酶,混匀,加水定容至1 000 mL。用1 mol/L HCl调整pH为2.5,充分溶解后用0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌,于4 ℃冰箱中保存。
模拟肠液:根据《中华人民共和国药典(2015版)》[18]提供的方法,准确称取磷酸二氢钾6.8 g,加500 mL去离子水。用0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液调节pH至6.8;另取胰蛋白酶10 g加水适量使其溶解,将两液混合后定容至1 000 mL。0.1 mol/L NaOH调节pH值至8.0,0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌,于4 ℃冰箱中保存。
20 mmol/L中性磷酸二氢钾:准确称取1.359 g磷酸二氢钾,定容至500 mL,用NaOH调配pH至7.0。
0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液:称取4 g NaOH,加入1 L的去离子水。
尿酸、腺嘌呤-鸟苷、肌苷-腺苷标准液:分别称取20 mg的肌苷、鸟苷、尿酸、腺苷、腺嘌呤,将腺嘌呤和鸟苷标准品放在同一烧杯中,肌苷和腺苷放在同一烧杯中,加入10%的0.1 mol/L NaOH和90%的20 mmol/L中性磷酸二氢钾溶解尿酸、腺嘌呤-鸟苷、肌苷-腺苷,配制得到20 mL的500 μg/mL的尿酸、腺嘌呤-鸟苷、肌苷-腺苷标准液;将500 μg/mL的尿酸、腺嘌呤-鸟苷、肌苷-腺苷标准液分别稀释为400、300、200、100、50 μg/mL。
300 mg/kg氧嗪酸钾:称取0.24 g氧嗪酸钾加入8 mL的0.5 % CMC-Na溶液,置于涡旋搅拌器搅拌,直至完全溶解。
雄性C57BL/6J小鼠24只,6周龄,购自广东药康生物科技有限公司,实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(粤)2023-0067。所有动物实验均经宜春学院医学伦理委员会批准,审批号:2023-JCYX-013。
色谱级尿酸、肌苷、腺苷、腺嘌呤、鸟苷标准品、磷酸二氢钾、羧甲基纤维素钠、别嘌呤醇,上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;PBS缓冲液(pH 7.2-7.4)、生理盐水(0.9%),武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司;胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、牛胆盐,北京索莱宝科技有限公司;BHI液体培养基预制粉末、琼脂粉,广东环凯微生物科技有限公司;甲醇(分析纯)、NaOH (分析纯),西陇科学股份有限公司;尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN)试剂盒、肌酐(creatinine, Cr)试剂盒,深圳迈瑞动物医疗科技股份有限公司;黄嘌呤氧化酶(xanthine oxidase, XOD)试剂盒、尿酸试剂盒,南京建成生物工程研究所;QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit,Qiagen公司;DNA快速抽提试剂盒,生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司。
生物安全柜,苏州安泰空气技术有限公司;冷冻离心机、MultiskanTM GO分光光度计、Qubit® 2.0荧光仪,赛默飞世尔科技公司;HH恒温水浴锅,上海一恒科学仪器有限公司;Hirayama高压灭菌锅,施都凯仪器设备(上海)有限公司;酶标仪,帝肯(上海)实验器材有限公司;厌氧培养箱,上海铂温仪器有限公司;恒温摇床培养箱,上海智城分析仪器制造有限公司。
菌株来源于福建、江西、东北等地区健康成人的粪便样本。首先,将人体粪便稀释9倍后,将稀释液涂布于BHI固态培养基上,置于37 ℃厌氧培养箱中培养24 h。从培养基上挑选分离良好、形态呈圆形且不透明的菌落进一步培养。挑取单菌落进行3轮划线纯化,最终获得纯化菌株。随后,选择单个菌落进行革兰氏染色,选择革兰氏阳性菌落进行纯化培养,直至获得纯染色。所用菌株均保存在厦门承葛生物科技有限公司微生态医疗技术创新中心实验室。
对筛选得到的菌株进行分子生物学鉴定。将单菌落接种至BHI液体培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养24 h后,再取1.0 mL的菌液接种于10 mL BHI液体培养基中,于37 ℃厌氧培养24 h,即为目标菌液,用于后续实验。
采用细菌基因组DNA快速抽提试剂盒提取菌株的基因组DNA。以提取获得的基因组DNA为模板,使用16S rRNA基因全长引物27F (5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′)和1492R (5′-TACGGCTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′)进行PCR扩增。PCR反应体系(30 μL):2×T5 direct PCR Mix (Plant) 15 μL,正、反向引物(10 μmol/L)各2 μL,DNA模板2 μL,ddH2O 9 μL。PCR反应条件:98 ℃预变性3 min;98 ℃变性10 s,60 ℃退火10 s,72 ℃延伸20 s,38个循环;72 ℃终延伸3 min,4 ℃保存。将PCR扩增产物送至北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司进行基因测序。
配制浓度为50、100、200、300、400、500 μg/mL的尿酸、腺嘌呤-鸟苷、肌苷-腺苷标准液,使用0.22 μm的微孔滤膜过滤备用。色谱条件:流速1.0 mL/min,波长254 nm,洗脱时间40 min,温度40 ℃,进样量10 μL,等度洗脱,流动相组成:磷酸二氢钾:甲醇=100:1。
参考Fong等[19]和Walther等[20]的方法,将分离得到的菌株接种于BHI固体培养基活化,37 ℃厌氧培养箱中培养24 h。挑取单菌落接种于10 mL BHI培养基中培养24 h,将OD600调整至0.8后,接种至3份40 mL BHI液体培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养48 h后,8 000 r/min离心10 min收集菌体沉淀,用PBS洗涤菌体沉淀2次,去掉残留培养基,加入2.5 mL PBS,获得菌悬液。吸取750 μL至无菌无酶的2 mL离心管中,加入750 μL 400 μg/mL的尿酸、腺嘌呤-鸟苷、肌苷-腺苷标准液,混匀,200 r/min培养6 h。将共培养6 h的培养液放入95 ℃的水浴锅中,高温灭菌10 min,0.22 μm过滤器过滤,用于HPLC分析。降解率按照公式(1)进行计算。
a=(1-CC0)×100%
式中:α为降解率(μg/mL);C0为标准溶液的初始浓度(μg/mL);C为剩余标准溶液的浓度(μg/mL)。
黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制能力评价方法参照吴世芳的方法进行测定[21],将1.3节的菌液8 000 r/min离心10 min后,菌体沉淀用无菌PBS洗涤2次,用无菌PBS调节菌液浓度至1×109 CFU/mL,在37 ℃条件下培养12 h,10 000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液,过滤得到无细胞提取物。
根据表1的体系,将1.5 mL无细胞提取物、1.5 mL XOD酶液(0.1 U/mL)及0.5 mL PBS混匀,再加入1.5 mL黄嘌呤溶液以启动反应。在295 nm紫外波长下于第4 min记录吸光度值。对照组以灭菌PBS (pH 7.5)缓冲液替代XOD酶液。XOD活性通过XOD抑制率(%)表示,计算时需扣除未加样品和酶的吸光度值。每个样品进行3次平行实验,使用酶标仪在295 nm波长下检测反应液吸光度。以0.1 g/L别嘌呤醇作为阳性对照,XOD抑制率的计算如公式(2)所示。
抑制=1-C-DA-B×100%
式中:A为有XOD不含样品的吸光度;B为不含XOD和样品的吸光度;C为有XOD和样品的吸光度,D为有样品但不含XOD的吸光度。
对筛选得到的菌株进行活化,接种环挑取BHI固体培养基上的单菌落,接种至BHI液体培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养24 h获得种子液。将种子液吸光值(OD600)调整至0.8,按照3%的接种量接入BHI液体培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养,期间每隔2 h取出,测定菌液在600 nm处的吸光值,直至24 h结束。
参考尚天翠[22]的方法进行最适温度测定:将种子液吸光值(OD600)调整至0.8,按照3%的接种量接入BHI液体培养基中,放入不同温度梯度(27、32、37、42、47 ℃)的200 r/min摇床培养10 h后,测定600 nm处的吸光值。
参考韩庆功等[23]的方法进行最适pH测定:将种子液吸光值(OD600)调整至0.8,按照3%的接种量接入不同pH梯度(pH 4.0、5.0、6.0、7.0、8.0、9.0)的BHI液体培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养10 h后,测定600 nm处的吸光值。
将种子液吸光值(OD600)调整至0.8,按照3%的接种量接种于等体积、牛胆盐浓度分别为0.1%、0.2%和0.3%的BHI液体培养基中,培养2.5 h后梯度稀释至10-6,涂布至BHI固体培养基,37 ℃厌氧培养24 h后,进行平板计数。
采用WHO推荐的改良K-B纸片法测定菌株的抗生素敏感性。将种子液吸光值(OD600)调整至0.8,吸取200 μL菌液在BHI固体培养基上均匀涂布。在BHI固体培养基上放置3片同一种抗生素的药敏纸片,包括红霉素、青霉素G、苯唑西林、克林霉素、氯霉素、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、卡那霉素、头孢曲松、四环素、复方新诺明。将BHI固体培养基置于厌氧培养箱,37 ℃培养24 h,用游标卡尺测量抑菌圈直径。抑菌圈结果根据CLSI 2017 M100-S31[24]判定。
取种子液按1%的接种量接种于500 mL的厌氧瓶中,37 ℃厌氧培养24 h,8 000 r/min离心10 min收集菌体沉淀,用PBS洗涤菌体沉淀2次,去掉残留培养基,加入2.5 mL PBS,获得菌悬液;将菌液倒入培养皿中,先在-80 ℃中预冻4 h,再真空冷冻干燥24 h即为冻干粉;取1.0 g的冻干粉,采用平板计数法进行活菌数计算,剩余样品密封保存于-20 ℃冰箱。
选用24只6周龄C57BL/6J雄性小鼠,体重为20-22 g。饲养环境条件设定为温度20-26 ℃,相对湿度40%-70%,通风频率15次/h,光照周期为12 h明/12 h暗。
小鼠进行7 d的适应性喂养后,随机分为4组,分别为空白对照组、高尿酸模型组、发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260组和阳性组(active drug control, ADC),每组各6只。阳性药选择别嘌呤醇。在造模阶段,除空白对照组外,其余各组采用0.2%腺嘌呤饲料和腹腔注射氧嗪酸钾(300 mg/kg)联合诱导高尿酸血症肾病模型。造模14 d后,空白对照组每天灌胃生理盐水,益生菌治疗组每天灌胃1×109 CFU/mL的发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260,阳性组每天灌胃5 mg/kg的别嘌呤醇,连续治疗14 d。
在治疗第14天,末次给药结束1 h后,对小鼠进行眼球取血。采集的血液样本置于1.5 mL的EP管中,在室温下静置1 h,使血液自然凝固和分层。然后在4 ℃、3 000 r/min离心15 min,吸取上层血清,按照试剂盒中的方法测定血清中的UA、Cr和BUN水平。
剪取肾脏组织,迅速置于含4%多聚甲醛(体积为组织10倍以上)的50 mL离心管中,晃动防止黏壁,固定48-72 h。取出固定组织,经70%-100%乙醇梯度脱水(各30 min)、石蜡包埋,切3-5 µm超薄切片,用二甲苯及梯度乙醇脱蜡透明,HE染色,再经乙醇梯度脱水、二甲苯透明,中性树胶封片,于光学显微镜下观察肾组织病理改变。
在小鼠治疗第14天收集各组小鼠粪便样本并保存于-80 ℃冰箱中。通过QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit提取粪便样本中的基因组DNA,并利用MultiskanTM GO分光光度计评估DNA浓度和纯度,再经DNA凝胶纯化试剂盒纯化。在1×Tris-acetate-EDTA缓冲液中进行1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳评估DNA质量后,使用正向引物338F (5′-ACTCCTACGGGGAGGCAG CA-3′)和反向引物806R (5′-TCGGACTACHVGG TWTCTAAT-3′)扩增16S rRNA基因的V3-V4区。PCR反应体系(25 μL):KAPA HiFi Mix 12.5 μL,正、反向引物(10 μmol/L)各0.5 μL,DNA模板2 μL,ddH₂O补至25 μL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性3 min;95 ℃变性20 s,60 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸30 s,30个循环;72 ℃终延伸5 min。将扩增后的25 μL PCR产物加入0.8倍体积的Vazyme VAHTS DNA Clean Beads进行纯化,再用Illumina的TruSeq Nano DNA LT文库制备试剂盒制备测序文库。文库质量经Qubit® 2.0荧光仪和Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100系统评估后,利用Illumina MiniSeq进行测序,以对比分析不同组小鼠肠道微生物多样性的差异。
用方差分析对各组实验数据进行比较,所有数据均为3次平行实验所得的平均值,数据以平均值±标准差的形式表示。通过ANOVA软件分析不同组之间的差异,其中,P<0.05为差异显著,P<0.01为差异极显著,P<0.001为差异高度显著。
从福建、江西、东北等地区的20个健康成人粪便样本中分离并鉴定了50株菌株,根据测序比对确定其中34株为乳杆菌,包括5株鼠李糖乳杆菌(L. rhamnosus)、7株副干酪乳酪杆菌坚韧亚种(L. paracasei subsp. tolerans)、5株嗜酸乳杆菌(L. acidophilus)、5株植物乳植杆菌(L. plantarum)、9株清酒广布乳杆菌(L. sakei)、3株发酵黏液乳杆菌(L. fermentum)。表2为乳杆菌的测序比对结果。
图1所示,在本研究色谱条件下,尿酸的保留时间为4.367 min,腺嘌呤的保留时间为5.471 min,鸟苷的保留时间为10.851 min,肌苷的保留时间为10.216 min,腺苷的保留时间为20.731 min。标准曲线方程分别为:Y尿酸=1.27×104x+3.01×104R2=1;Y腺嘌呤=4.97×104x+6.35×104R2=0.999 8;Y鸟苷=2.71×104x+5.65×104R2=0.999 9;Y肌苷=2.27×104x+1.06×104R2=0.999 8;Y腺苷=3.05×104x+5.88×104R2=0.999 8。Y:峰面积;x:含量(μg/mL)。
表3所示,大部分菌株对肌苷与鸟苷的降解率均低于50.00%,仅有12株菌株对肌苷和鸟苷的降解率超过50.00%。在尿酸和腺嘌呤的降解方面,仅H3260菌株对尿酸和腺嘌呤的降解率均高于50.00%。这一结果表明,尽管多数乳杆菌具有降解能力,但高效降解菌株相对较少,H3260菌株在降解尿酸和腺嘌呤方面表现突出,具有潜在的应用价值。H3260对尿酸、腺嘌呤、鸟苷、肌苷、腺苷的降解率分别为(86.84±0.03)%、(60.84±2.21)%、(100.00±0.00)%、(100.00±0.00)%、(100.00±0.00)%。
图2所示,阳性对照别嘌呤醇组对XOD的抑制率为97.23%,12株益生菌对XOD的抑制率为0-22.48%。其中,发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260的抑制率为22.48%,其余11株益生菌对XOD的抑制率均小于10.00%,因此选取发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260进行下一步评价。
将菌株H3260的测序结果上传至NCBI获取登录号:PP218552,BLAST结果显示菌株H3260与Limosilactobacillus fermentum NBRC 15885T的相似性达到99.93%。使用MEGA 11构建H3260的系统发育树如图3所示,结果显示,H3260是发酵黏液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus fermentum)。该菌株于2023年10月20日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 20231965,地址位于湖北省武汉市武汉大学保藏中心。
发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260的生长曲线见图4。发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260在0-6.0 h处于迟缓期,对该菌株在8.0-10.0 h时的生长情况进行了探究,发现8.5-10.0 h为菌株的对数期,10.0 h后进入平台期。
进一步探究温度和pH对发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260的影响。结果如图5所示,随着温度升高,发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260的OD600值也逐渐升高,并在37 ℃时达到最高点。当温度继续上升时,OD600值开始下降,因此37 ℃为发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260的最适生长温度。此外,发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260在pH为7.0时的生长情况最佳,过酸或过碱的环境均不适宜发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260的生长。
正常人体肠道中的胆盐浓度为0.1%-0.3%,能在该胆盐浓度下生长的乳酸菌被认为具有开发微生态制剂的潜力[9]。如图6所示,将发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260种子液(OD600为0.8)按3%的接种量接种于不含胆盐的BHI培养基及含0.1%、0.2%、0.3%胆盐的环境中,经过2.5 h后存活菌数分别为(13.60±0.20)×106、(1.84±0.03)×106、(1.36±0.02)×106、(1.13±0.04)×106 CFU/mL。发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260在0.1%-0.3%胆盐环境中经过2.5 h后,存活菌数仍大于1.00×106 CFU/mL,说明菌株能够在含有胆盐的环境中良好存活。
为确定发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260的安全性,对其进行了抗生素敏感性实验。结果如表4所示,发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260对红霉素、青霉素G、苯唑西林、克林霉素、氯霉素、头孢曲松、四环素敏感,对复方新诺明中度敏感,对诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和卡那霉素耐药,这一结果与郭慧玲等[25]的研究结果相似。
在14 d的治疗干预后,各组小鼠血清尿酸水平如图7所示。结果表明,与高尿酸模型组相比,发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260组和别嘌呤醇组小鼠的血清尿酸水平均显著降低。其中,发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260治疗组的血清尿酸水平降低了16.45% (P<0.01),别嘌呤醇组降低了31.56% (P<0.01)。
血清肌酐(Cr)和尿素氮(BUN)是机体蛋白质和肌肉代谢的关键终末产物,其代谢与排泄过程与肾脏功能密切相关,主要通过肾脏排出体外。治疗第14天后,检测各组小鼠血清中的Cr和BUN水平。结果显示,高尿酸模型组小鼠的Cr和BUN水平显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01),表明腺嘌呤和氧嗪酸钾诱导的高尿酸血症小鼠肾功能受损。发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260治疗组的Cr和BUN水平上显著低于高尿酸模型组(P<0.05),表现出明显的改善趋势。
XOD是一种在肝脏中主要表达的复杂氧化还原酶类,在嘌呤代谢过程中发挥关键作用,通过催化次黄嘌呤转化为黄嘌呤,进而生成尿酸。本研究结果显示,发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260能显著降低高尿酸血症小鼠血清中XOD的活性(P<0.05)。推测H3260可能通过降低XOD的活性减少UA的生成,从而缓解高尿酸血症。
各组小鼠肾脏组织的HE染色切片,如图8所示。MOD组肾脏组织可见大量肾小管萎缩,上皮细胞胞质嗜酸性减弱,较多肾小管扩张,部分管腔内可见嗜酸性蛋白液,形成蛋白管型,部分肾小管内可见炎性细胞及坏死细胞碎片,间质可见结缔组织轻度增生,偶见淋巴细胞散在浸润,表明HUA诱导了严重的肾脏损伤。ADC组肾脏组织病理损伤较模型组有所减轻,但仍可见少量肾小管萎缩、扩张及炎性细胞浸润。H3260组肾脏组织病理损伤进一步减轻,肾小管萎缩和扩张程度较轻。这些结果表明,发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260对高尿酸血症引起的小鼠肾脏损伤具有一定的缓解作用。
Shannon指数分析显示(图9A),发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260的干预并未显著改变小鼠肠道菌群的整体物种数量和均匀性。β多样性分析通过PCoA显示(图9B),各组小鼠肠道菌群的分布存在显著差异(P<0.001)。特别是H3260组与MOD和ADC组相比,菌群结构有显著差异,表明H3260对肠道菌群结构有调节作用。
在门水平上(图9C9D),H3260组与MOD组相比,芽孢杆菌门与拟杆菌门(Bacillota/Bacteroidota)的比例无显著差异(P>0.05)。在属水平上(图9E),H3260组经益生菌治疗后,嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌(Akkermansia muciniphila, AKK)的相对丰度显著增加,而不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)的相对丰度降低,Acinetobacter的减少可能减少了条件致病菌的丰度[26]。进一步相关性分析表明(图9F),AKK的相对丰度与血清UA及Cr水平呈负相关,推测AKK的增加可能有助于降低血清尿酸水平,从而缓解HUA。Acinetobacter与这些指标的正相关性表明,其可能通过促进炎症反应或干扰嘌呤代谢来加重HUA。
总之,发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260能显著影响高尿酸血症小鼠的肠道菌群结构和组成,增加有益菌的丰度,通过调节肠道菌群的代谢功能发挥降尿酸和改善肠道健康的作用。
HUA是一种系统性疾病,其主要特征为体内嘌呤代谢紊乱和血清UA水平显著升高[27]。在人体内,腺嘌呤、肌苷、鸟苷、腺苷等嘌呤核苷的代谢终产物为尿酸。当嘌呤核苷摄入过量或代谢过程发生紊乱时,会导致血液中UA水平升高,从而引发HUA。研究表明,HUA与多种代谢性疾病存在密切关联,例如高血压、慢性肾病、胰岛素抵抗等。近年来,由于不健康饮食结构和生活作息,HUA的患病率呈现急剧上升的趋势。目前,HUA的患病率已位居第四,仅次于高脂血症[28]。鉴于现有治疗方法存在诸多局限性,探索安全、便捷的新疗法以缓解或预防HUA的发生显得尤为重要。值得注意的是,嘌呤代谢与肠道菌群,特别是与肠道中的乳酸菌之间存在密切关联[29]。研究显示,发酵黏液乳杆菌F40-4可以降低HUA小鼠的血清UA,促进UA代谢水平[30];此外,副干酪乳酪杆菌X11也被证实可有效降低HUA小鼠的血UA水平[31]。基于这些发现,本研究拟通过筛选具有嘌呤、核苷及尿酸降解能力的益生菌,进一步验证其对黄嘌呤氧化酶的抑制能力,并通过体内实验验证益生菌对尿酸的降解效果。
本研究采用HPLC方法筛选出一株对尿酸、腺嘌呤、鸟苷、肌苷和腺苷具有显著降解作用的发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260。实验结果表明,该菌株对尿酸的降解率达到(86.84±0.03)%,腺嘌呤的降解率达到(60.84±2.21)%,对鸟苷、肌苷和腺苷的降解率更是达到(100.00±0.00)%,这一发现不仅表明发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260具有直接降低尿酸水平的潜力,还表明其能够有效竞争性降解人体内的鸟苷、肌苷等尿酸前体物质。与现有研究相比,发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260展现出更为优越的降解性能:其降解效果显著优于肌苷降解率为50.12%的嗜热链球菌(S. thermophilus) IDCC 2201[32],以及肌苷降解率为68.86%和鸟苷降解率为95.75%的短促生乳杆菌PDD-5[33]。此外,与尿酸降解率为40.9%的发酵黏液乳杆菌JL-3,以及肌苷降解率为59.0%、鸟苷降解率为51.0%的发酵乳杆菌TSF331相比,菌株H3260的降解效果也更为突出[30,34-35]
由于小鼠体内天然存在尿酸酶,建立稳定的HUA动物模型较为困难。Wen等[36]发现,氧嗪酸钾与高嘌呤饮食联合使用可有效构建小鼠HUA模型。基于此,本研究采用高嘌呤饲料与氧嗪酸钾联合的方法,成功建立了高尿酸小鼠模型。实验结果显示,经过发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260干预14 d后,治疗组小鼠的血清UA、Cr和BUN水平显著降低,肾脏损伤得到明显缓解,同时肠道菌群结构发生显著改变。发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260显著改善了高尿酸血症小鼠的肠道菌群结构,具体表现为嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌(Akkermansia muciniphila, AKK)的丰度显著增加,而不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)等条件致病菌的丰度降低。这一结果与张里华等[37]的研究一致,其发现AKK可通过抑制肝脏XOD活性减少尿酸生成,并通过增强肠道屏障功能减少尿酸的重吸收。本研究中AKK与血清UA、Cr的负相关性进一步支持了这一机制(图9F)。
基于β多样性分析的结果,H3260干预组的肠道菌群结构与模型组和阳性对照组呈现显著差异(P<0.001),这一发现提示H3260可能通过多重机制重塑肠道微环境。具体而言,H3260可能通过以下2种途径发挥作用:(1) 竞争性定殖,通过占据生态位点抑制病原菌的生长;(2) 代谢产物(如短链脂肪酸)的产生,为肠道有益菌提供生长所需的营养基质[38]。值得注意的是,乳酸菌的作用机制与之具有相似性,其通过分泌尿酸氧化酶或嘌呤核苷水解酶来降解尿酸前体物质,同时其代谢产物可降低肠道pH值,形成不利于病原菌生长的微环境,从而促进有益菌增殖,这一双向调节机制为肠道菌群干预提供了新的思路[39]。未来可结合宏基因组学技术,进一步分析H3260对尿酸代谢通路的影响,以明确其作用机制。
与先前研究相比[40],H3260的优势在于其对尿酸及前体物质具有高效降解能力的同时,还具有调节肠道菌群的能力。具体而言,植物植乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) X3-2B和戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus) 37X-3仅通过抑制XOD酶活性来减少尿酸生成,而H3260则采用“降解+菌群调节”的双重机制发挥作用。这种协同效应可能使其在长期干预中展现出更显著的优势,特别是在改善肾脏损伤和代谢综合征方面(图7图8)。
综上所述,发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260通过重塑肠道菌群结构,提升有益菌丰度,同时有效降低血清尿酸,为缓解HUA提供了新的策略。未来研究方向可重点关注H3260代谢产物对菌群-宿主相互作用的影响机制,并通过临床试验进一步验证其在人体中的疗效与安全性。
本研究成功筛选出一株具有高效降解尿酸、嘌呤和核苷能力的发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260。实验结果表明,该菌株对尿酸、嘌呤和核苷的降解率分别达到(86.84±0.03)%、(60.84±2.21)%和(100.00±0.00)%,展现出显著的降尿酸潜力。此外,发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260对多种常见抗生素表现出敏感,并在0.3%的胆盐环境中表现出优异的耐受性,存活率超过1.00×106 CFU/mL,为其在肠道环境中的定殖和功能发挥提供了保障。
动物实验进一步验证了发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260的治疗效果。干预实验结果显示,该菌株能够显著降低高尿酸血症小鼠的血清UA、Cr和BUN水平,有效缓解肾脏损伤。同时,发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260通过调节肠道菌群结构,显著增加了有益菌(如AKK)的丰度,在降尿酸和改善肠道健康方面发挥双重作用。
综上所述,发酵黏液乳杆菌H3260是一株具有显著降尿酸功能的优势乳酸菌。其优异的降解能力、良好的耐受性以及对肠道菌群的调节作用,使其成为开发高尿酸血症相关功能产品的理想菌种资源。本研究为高尿酸血症的预防和治疗提供了新的思路和方法,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
  • 福建省高校产学研联合创新项目(2022Y4007)
  • 国家自然科学基金(U22A20376)
  • 厦门市科技计划(3502Z20182011)
  • 厦门市科技计划(3502Z20204503-9)
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2025年第65卷第8期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250099
  • 接收时间:2025-02-13
  • 首发时间:2026-02-06
  • 出版时间:2025-08-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-13
  • 录用日期:2025-03-21
基金
Fujian Province University Industry University Research Joint Innovation Project(2022Y4007)
福建省高校产学研联合创新项目(2022Y4007)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20376)
国家自然科学基金(U22A20376)
Xiamen Science and Technology Planning(3502Z20182011)
厦门市科技计划(3502Z20182011)
厦门市科技计划(3502Z20204503-9)
作者信息
    1.福建省亚热带植物研究所,福建省亚热带植物生理生化重点实验室,福建 厦门
    2.厦门承葛生物科技有限公司,福建 厦门
    3.江西承葛生物科技有限公司,江西 宜春
    4.宜春学院 医学院,江西 宜春

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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