Article(id=1226460578319876385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226460576751206672, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250060, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1737388800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1741622400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-03-11, onlineDate=1770340588407, onlineDateStr=2026-02-06, pubDate=1754236800000, pubDateStr=2025-08-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770340588407, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770340588407, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770340588407, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226460576751206672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3812', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770340588033, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770363610188, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226557138735117113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226460576751206672, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226557138735117114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226460576751206672, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3301, endPage=3316, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226460578617671982, articleId=1226460578319876385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Isolation and identification of a new species of Rhizobium from Sesbania cannabina, columnId=1226460577816559897, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Microbiome in Black Soils, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To screening stress-tolerant and high-yielding rhizobia with growth-promoting effects on Sesbaniacannabina and provide rhizobia resources for efficient cultivation of S. cannabina in saline-alkali soil. [Methods] The culture method was used to isolate endophytic rhizobia from S. cannabina ‘Zhongkejing 1’. Based on 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequencing, the strains were identified, and their stress tolerance and plant growth-promoting characteristics were evaluated. Their growth-promoting effects on the original host variety and other materials of S. cannabina were verified. [Results] The rhizobia isolated from the root nodule samples of S. cannabina ‘Zhongkejing 1’ were identified as a species belonging to Rhizobium. Based on the ANI and dDDH values of the whole genome sequence, the strain was identified as a new species of Rhizobium and named Rhizobium sesbaniae ZK1T. R. sesbaniae ZK1T can tolerate a NaCl concentration of 2.0% and survive within the range of pH 4.0-10.0, and it had the ability to dissolve organophosphorus compounds. Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of R. sesbaniae ZK1T on the growth and nodulation of different materials of S. cannabina. The results revealed that R. sesbaniae ZK1T promoted the growth and nodulation of these materials, while it had a more efficient symbiotic relationship with the host variety. [Conclusion] The isolated new species R. sesbaniae ZK1T plays a role in promoting the growth and nodulation of S. cannabina and can tolerate severe acid, alkali, and salt stress. The findings have important theoretical significance and a practical value for the efficient improvement of plant-microorganism interactions in marginal land.

, correspAuthors=Fuqiang WANG, Xiaofeng CAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: WANG Fuqiang,
CAO Xiaofeng,
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These authors contributed equally to this work.

, authorsList=Yan CHEN, Fuqiang WANG, Yong LONG, Luyan FAN, Shumeng REN, Xianwei SONG, Xiaofeng CAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1226460580966482349, articleId=1226460578319876385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=一株田菁根瘤菌新种的分离与鉴定, columnId=1226460578038858012, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=黑土地微生物组, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】 基于耐逆、高产的普通田菁材料筛选具有促生作用的根瘤菌,为盐碱地田菁高效栽培提供根瘤菌资源。 【方法】 采用传统培养方法,从‘中科菁1号’田菁新品系中分离内生根瘤菌。基于16S rRNA基因和全基因组测序鉴定菌株,评价菌株的耐逆促生特性,并验证其对原宿主及其他田菁材料的促生效果。 【结果】 从‘中科菁1号’田菁根瘤样品中分离出的根瘤菌,经16S rRNA基因鉴定及系统发育分析确定为根瘤菌属。基于全基因组序列的ANI和dDDH值认定其为根瘤菌属的一个新种,并将其命名为Rhizobium sesbaniae ZK1T。根瘤菌ZK1T能够耐受2.0%的NaCl浓度,pH耐受范围为4.0-10.0,并且具有溶解有机磷的能力。通过盆栽试验检测了根瘤菌ZK1T对不同田菁材料促生结瘤能力的影响,结果发现ZK1T能够促进不同田菁材料的生长和结瘤,且其与宿主田菁品系的共生关系更为高效。 【结论】 分离得到的田菁根瘤菌新种ZK1T在提高田菁生长和结瘤方面具有显著作用,能够耐受较严重的酸、碱和盐胁迫,对实现边际土地植物-微生物高效改良具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。

, correspAuthors=王富强, 曹晓风, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=m0ez0SDAHeMR6ZibdFFFNw==, magXml=2fjWj1cTvCyeG72TRG/CRA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Kr2ftwgZ8RmcBfL/0rb18w==, pdfFileSize=3807037, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=aUcSbUtzWBofk1Iro/Nosg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=KgqcbzBNFw2rDvfJpy3I8w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

作者贡献声明

陈妍:实验操作、数据收集和处理、论文撰写;王富强:研究构思和设计、论文讨论、论文撰写和修改;龙永:协助实验操作、测序数据收集和处理、论文修改;范鲁燕:协助实验操作、数据收集和图片处理;任舒萌:协助实验操作与种子处理;宋显伟:论文讨论、论文撰写和修改;曹晓风:研究构思和设计、论文讨论、技术支持、论文撰写和修改。

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A: Genome circular diagram; B: Plasmid 1 circular diagram; C: Plasmid 2 circular diagram., figureFileSmall=JOGyHeJVpxs0bGh+z0GmYw==, figureFileBig=/xhYgmOwZ55sIcvUNnSbrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596297294132112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460578319876385, language=CN, label=图3, caption=菌株ZK1T 基因组和质粒圈图。A:基因组圈图;B:质粒1圈图;C:质粒2圈图。, figureFileSmall=JOGyHeJVpxs0bGh+z0GmYw==, figureFileBig=/xhYgmOwZ55sIcvUNnSbrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596297424155552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460578319876385, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Phylogenetic tree of ZK1T based on nod gene sequence. 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A: Different NaCl concentrations; B: Different pH conditions., figureFileSmall=1/OapmoklGPsDEA5AIFCVA==, figureFileBig=KJmOggc1lwBCYmq9kHtXaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596298346902520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460578319876385, language=CN, label=图7, caption=ZK1T 耐逆性评价。A:不同NaCl浓度;B:不同pH条件。, figureFileSmall=1/OapmoklGPsDEA5AIFCVA==, figureFileBig=KJmOggc1lwBCYmq9kHtXaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596299714244611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460578319876385, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Stress resistance evaluation of ZK1T., figureFileSmall=t/a7JpeavilsaZ0RTlos4A==, figureFileBig=msAEFhkX+A+un6FSzhHZ0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596299810713609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460578319876385, language=CN, label=图8, caption=ZK1T 抗逆性评价, figureFileSmall=t/a7JpeavilsaZ0RTlos4A==, figureFileBig=msAEFhkX+A+un6FSzhHZ0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596299907182608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460578319876385, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Growth-promoting effects of ZK1T inoculation on different sesbania materials. ns: No significant; *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001., figureFileSmall=7qGwNoXT0sU0nvreWQNijg==, figureFileBig=CELetaW1GGH8Ey/Q+uPs0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596300049788957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460578319876385, language=CN, label=图9, caption=ZK1T 接种对不同田菁材料的促生作用, figureFileSmall=7qGwNoXT0sU0nvreWQNijg==, figureFileBig=CELetaW1GGH8Ey/Q+uPs0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226596300146257952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460578319876385, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Genomic characteristics of strain ZK1T

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CharacteristicsValue
Genome size (bp)7 145 565
G+C content (%)60.04
Chromosome1
Plasmid2
tRNA54
rRNA9
Coding sequence (CDS)6 929
), ArticleFig(id=1226596300280475693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460578319876385, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

菌株ZK1T 基因组特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CharacteristicsValue
Genome size (bp)7 145 565
G+C content (%)60.04
Chromosome1
Plasmid2
tRNA54
rRNA9
Coding sequence (CDS)6 929
), ArticleFig(id=1226596300406304819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460578319876385, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The ANI and dDDH values between strain ZK1T and reference strains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Reference strainsAccession No.ANI (%)dDDH (%)
Rhizobium sesbaniae ZK1TPRJNA1202577100.00100.00
Rhizobium alamii GBV016TGa0197670_10187.7338.00
Rhizobium viscosum LMG 16473TJADBEC01000000088.0037.80
Rhizobium mesosinicum CCBAU 25010TGa0197323_100187.8936.40
Rhizobium chutanense C5TNWSV0100000080.0425.30
Rhizobium fabae CCBAU 33202TRJJU0100000080.0425.20
Rhizobium pisi DSM 30132TRJJT0000000080.1025.10
Rhizobium changzhiense WYCCWR 11279TJABFCQ01000000080.0325.00
Rhizobium acidisoli FH23CP03499879.7124.90
Rhizobium ecuadorense CNPSO 671TLFIO0100000079.4324.90
Rhizobium sophorae CCBAU 03386TJABFCN01000000079.4424.80
Rhizobium hidalgonense FH14TNWSY0000000079.5924.80
Rhizobium gallicum R602spTARDC0000000079.6824.80
Rhizobium binae BLR195TCP07160479.6324.80
Rhizobium etli CFN 42TCP00013379.8424.70
Rhizobium esperanzae CNPSo 668TMXPU0100000079.7824.60
Rhizobium aethiopicum HBR26TFMAJ0000000079.6824.60
Rhizobium bangladeshense BLR175TCP07161279.6824.50
Rhizobium mongolense subsp. mongolense USDA 1844TVISO0000000077.6122.70
Rhizobium yanglingense CCBAU 01603JHUO0100000077.6322.40
Rhizobium sullae WSM1592CP10414377.3422.40
Rhizobium mongolense subsp. loessense CGMCC 1.3401TFMTM0000000077.4622.30
), ArticleFig(id=1226596300536328253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226460578319876385, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

菌株ZK1T 与参考菌株的ANIdDDH

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Reference strainsAccession No.ANI (%)dDDH (%)
Rhizobium sesbaniae ZK1TPRJNA1202577100.00100.00
Rhizobium alamii GBV016TGa0197670_10187.7338.00
Rhizobium viscosum LMG 16473TJADBEC01000000088.0037.80
Rhizobium mesosinicum CCBAU 25010TGa0197323_100187.8936.40
Rhizobium chutanense C5TNWSV0100000080.0425.30
Rhizobium fabae CCBAU 33202TRJJU0100000080.0425.20
Rhizobium pisi DSM 30132TRJJT0000000080.1025.10
Rhizobium changzhiense WYCCWR 11279TJABFCQ01000000080.0325.00
Rhizobium acidisoli FH23CP03499879.7124.90
Rhizobium ecuadorense CNPSO 671TLFIO0100000079.4324.90
Rhizobium sophorae CCBAU 03386TJABFCN01000000079.4424.80
Rhizobium hidalgonense FH14TNWSY0000000079.5924.80
Rhizobium gallicum R602spTARDC0000000079.6824.80
Rhizobium binae BLR195TCP07160479.6324.80
Rhizobium etli CFN 42TCP00013379.8424.70
Rhizobium esperanzae CNPSo 668TMXPU0100000079.7824.60
Rhizobium aethiopicum HBR26TFMAJ0000000079.6824.60
Rhizobium bangladeshense BLR175TCP07161279.6824.50
Rhizobium mongolense subsp. mongolense USDA 1844TVISO0000000077.6122.70
Rhizobium yanglingense CCBAU 01603JHUO0100000077.6322.40
Rhizobium sullae WSM1592CP10414377.3422.40
Rhizobium mongolense subsp. loessense CGMCC 1.3401TFMTM0000000077.4622.30
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一株田菁根瘤菌新种的分离与鉴定
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陈妍 1, 2 , 王富强 2, 3, * , 龙永 3 , 范鲁燕 3 , 任舒萌 4 , 宋显伟 2 , 曹晓风 2, 3, *
微生物学报 | 黑土地微生物组 2025,65(8): 3301-3316
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微生物学报 | 黑土地微生物组 2025, 65(8): 3301-3316
一株田菁根瘤菌新种的分离与鉴定
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陈妍1, 2, 王富强2, 3, * , 龙永3, 范鲁燕3, 任舒萌4, 宋显伟2, 曹晓风2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学 热带农林学院,海南 海口
  • 2.中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,北京
  • 3.海南省种业实验室,海南 三亚
  • 4.河南大学三亚研究院,海南 三亚
Isolation and identification of a new species of Rhizobium from Sesbania cannabina
Yan CHEN1, 2, Fuqiang WANG2, 3, * , Yong LONG3, Luyan FAN3, Shumeng REN4, Xianwei SONG2, Xiaofeng CAO2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
  • 2.Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
  • 3.Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, China
  • 4.Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
出版时间: 2025-08-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250060
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【目的】 基于耐逆、高产的普通田菁材料筛选具有促生作用的根瘤菌,为盐碱地田菁高效栽培提供根瘤菌资源。 【方法】 采用传统培养方法,从‘中科菁1号’田菁新品系中分离内生根瘤菌。基于16S rRNA基因和全基因组测序鉴定菌株,评价菌株的耐逆促生特性,并验证其对原宿主及其他田菁材料的促生效果。 【结果】 从‘中科菁1号’田菁根瘤样品中分离出的根瘤菌,经16S rRNA基因鉴定及系统发育分析确定为根瘤菌属。基于全基因组序列的ANI和dDDH值认定其为根瘤菌属的一个新种,并将其命名为Rhizobium sesbaniae ZK1T。根瘤菌ZK1T能够耐受2.0%的NaCl浓度,pH耐受范围为4.0-10.0,并且具有溶解有机磷的能力。通过盆栽试验检测了根瘤菌ZK1T对不同田菁材料促生结瘤能力的影响,结果发现ZK1T能够促进不同田菁材料的生长和结瘤,且其与宿主田菁品系的共生关系更为高效。 【结论】 分离得到的田菁根瘤菌新种ZK1T在提高田菁生长和结瘤方面具有显著作用,能够耐受较严重的酸、碱和盐胁迫,对实现边际土地植物-微生物高效改良具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。

田菁  /  根瘤菌  /  分离鉴定  /  耐逆性  /  边际土地

[Objective] To screening stress-tolerant and high-yielding rhizobia with growth-promoting effects on Sesbaniacannabina and provide rhizobia resources for efficient cultivation of S. cannabina in saline-alkali soil. [Methods] The culture method was used to isolate endophytic rhizobia from S. cannabina ‘Zhongkejing 1’. Based on 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequencing, the strains were identified, and their stress tolerance and plant growth-promoting characteristics were evaluated. Their growth-promoting effects on the original host variety and other materials of S. cannabina were verified. [Results] The rhizobia isolated from the root nodule samples of S. cannabina ‘Zhongkejing 1’ were identified as a species belonging to Rhizobium. Based on the ANI and dDDH values of the whole genome sequence, the strain was identified as a new species of Rhizobium and named Rhizobium sesbaniae ZK1T. R. sesbaniae ZK1T can tolerate a NaCl concentration of 2.0% and survive within the range of pH 4.0-10.0, and it had the ability to dissolve organophosphorus compounds. Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of R. sesbaniae ZK1T on the growth and nodulation of different materials of S. cannabina. The results revealed that R. sesbaniae ZK1T promoted the growth and nodulation of these materials, while it had a more efficient symbiotic relationship with the host variety. [Conclusion] The isolated new species R. sesbaniae ZK1T plays a role in promoting the growth and nodulation of S. cannabina and can tolerate severe acid, alkali, and salt stress. The findings have important theoretical significance and a practical value for the efficient improvement of plant-microorganism interactions in marginal land.

Sesbania cannabina  /  rhizobia  /  isolation and identification  /  stress tolerance  /  marginal land
陈妍, 王富强, 龙永, 范鲁燕, 任舒萌, 宋显伟, 曹晓风. 一株田菁根瘤菌新种的分离与鉴定. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (8) : 3301 -3316 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250060
Yan CHEN, Fuqiang WANG, Yong LONG, Luyan FAN, Shumeng REN, Xianwei SONG, Xiaofeng CAO. Isolation and identification of a new species of Rhizobium from Sesbania cannabina[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (8) : 3301 -3316 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250060
土壤盐碱化是制约粮食安全生产和提高土地利用效率的主要因素。目前,全球约有10亿hm2盐碱地[1-2]。2019年第3次全国国土调查数据显示,耕地面积与2009年相比减少0.08 hm2,仅剩1.28亿hm2 (https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-08/26/content_5633490.htm)。针对我国人口众多、耕地资源有限的实际国情,盐碱地的治理开发和利用是科学保护耕地红线的重要组成部分。因此,开发和利用盐碱地对于缓解耕地紧张以及保障我国粮食安全具有重要意义[3-4]
田菁[Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Poir.]是豆科田菁属一年生绿肥作物,具有耐盐、耐碱、耐酸、耐涝、高产以及适应土壤贫瘠的能力[5-8],是改良盐碱地的先锋植物[9-10]。田菁植株养分丰富,地下根系生物量大,能够显著改善土壤结构和肥力[11-12]。国内外已有多项研究报道了田菁在改善土壤肥力和降低盐分方面的优异表现[13-15]
1913年,Haber-Bosch发明了在高温、高压条件下催化N2转化为NH3的化学方法来生产氮肥。然而,化肥的过量使用带来了一系列问题,例如化肥利用率低,仅达35%或更低,导致环境污染、土壤板结和肥力下降,并给能源供给带来巨大压力[16]。根瘤菌是一类生活在土壤中的革兰氏阴性杆状细菌。在合适条件下,根瘤菌能够侵染豆科植物并与之共生结瘤固氮,将空气中游离态的氮转化为植物可以利用的化合态氮。生物固氮可满足豆科植物60%-70%的氮素需求。与工业固氮相比,生物固氮不仅固氮量巨大,而且廉价、无污染,能够减少化肥用量并节约能源,是未来农业生产节本增效的有效手段,也是现代化农业生产的重要氮源之一[17]
田菁耐逆性强,Luo等[5]研究发现,田菁可在pH 9.0-9.5的东北苏打盐碱地和0.4%-0.6%的滨海盐碱地较好生长,并形成固氮根瘤,翻压还田后消障提质作用明显。由于其突出的耐逆特性和潜在的高蛋白饲草价值,近年来作为开发边际土地的重要工具备受关注。接种根瘤菌能够促进田菁生长,增强其改良盐碱地的效果,田菁-根瘤菌共生体系在盐碱地改良中具有广阔的应用前景[18]。然而,与优异种质资源高效匹配的根瘤菌株资源匮乏。
本研究从团队培育的耐逆性强、适应性好的‘中科菁1号’田菁新品系中筛选出能够与其高效共生结瘤的根瘤菌,并评估其耐逆性及促进植物生长的能力,以期为提高盐碱地上田菁种植效率的技术发展提供科学依据和支持。
本团队自主选育的耐盐碱高产田菁新品系‘中科菁1号’具有耐盐碱、耐涝、固氮、高产等特性,在pH值9.0以上的东北苏打盐碱地上示范应用效果显著。前期发现其在盆栽和田间无接菌处理条件下均能自发少量结瘤,因此作为分离内生根瘤菌的供试材料。
酵母甘露醇琼脂(yeast mannitol agar, YMA)固体培养基(g/L):甘露醇10.0,酵母粉0.4,K2HPO4 0.5,MgSO4·7H2O 0.2,NaCl 0.1,琼脂15.0,pH 7.0。121 ℃灭菌15 min。酵母甘露醇肉汤(yeast extract mannitol broth, YEM)用于根瘤菌的液体培养。
蒙金娜有机磷培养基(g/L):葡萄糖10.0,(NH4)2SO4 0.5,NaCl 0.3,KCl 0.3,FeSO4·7H2O 0.03,MnSO4·4H2O 0.03,蛋黄卵磷脂0.2,CaCO3 5.0,酵母膏0.4,琼脂18.0,pH 7.0-7.2,121 ℃灭菌15 min。
解钾培养基(g/L):蔗糖5.0,FeCl3 0.005,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5,Na2HPO4 2.0,CaCO3 0.1,300目钾长石粉1.0 (去离子水清洗5次),琼脂18.0,pH调节为7.0-7.5,121 ℃灭菌15 min。
固氮菌培养基(nitrogen free medium, NFM) (g/L):苹果酸5.0,KOH 4.5,K2HPO4 0.5,CaCl2·2H2O 0.02,NaCl 0.1,NaMoO4·2H2O 0.002,MgSO4·7H2O 0.2,生物素1.0×10-5,琼脂20.0,pH 7.0,121 ℃灭菌15 min。
Hoagland’s modified营养液购自北京酷来搏科技有限公司;PCR扩增所用试剂和引物27F、1492R均购自生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;2×Easy Taq PCR SuperMix购自北京全式金生物技术有限公司。
PCR仪器购自赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司;灭菌锅购自天美(中国)科学仪器有限公司;相机购自佳能(中国)有限公司。
用75%乙醇将‘中科菁1号’的种子消毒2遍后,种在灭菌的蛭石中,用灭菌去离子水浇灌。取生长55 d的植株,用无菌水冲洗干净,取裸露的淡粉色或粉红色饱满根瘤进行分离纯化培养。在超净工作台中用75%乙醇处理根瘤30 s,2.5% NaClO处理10 min,再用无菌水冲洗3-4次,晾干表面水分,用灭菌过的研磨棒将根瘤研磨至匀浆,加入1 mL无菌水。梯度稀释10-100倍后涂布于YMA培养基平板,置于28 ℃恒温培养箱中倒置培养2-4 d。经多次纯化后得到乳白色圆形或椭圆形、边缘齐整、表面湿润且有光泽的单克隆菌落,采用甘油法保藏并鉴定。
刮取菌落放入100 μL TE缓冲液中,混匀后100 ℃水浴10 min,然后立即置于-20 ℃冰浴30 min。12 000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液作为PCR反应模板。使用Ezup柱式细菌基因组DNA抽提试剂盒提取菌株DNA。采用细菌通用引物27F (5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′)和1492R (5′-TACGGCTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′)对16S rRNA基因进行PCR扩增。PCR反应体系:2×EasyTaq MasterMix 25 µL,DNA模板1 µL,正、反向引物(0.2 µmol/L)各1 µL,双蒸水22 µL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃ 5 min;94 ℃ 30 s,57 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 90 s,30次循环;72 ℃ 10 min。将PCR扩增产物用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,然后送至生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司进行测序。
根据EzBioCloud数据库的比对结果,选择相似菌株并下载对应的16S rRNA基因序列,利用MEGA 11.0结合邻接法(neighbor-joining method, NJ)构建系统发育树[19-20],并设置自展值(bootstrap)为1 000。本研究选用Bradyrhizobium japonicum LMG 6138T作为外群。
将提取的菌株DNA送至武汉希望组生物科技有限公司的PacBio平台进行测序。采用fastp v0.23.1对原始reads进行质量控制,去除低质量数据,获得clean reads[21]。采用Canu软件对质控后的数据进行组装[22]。同时,将质控后的fastq格式reads文件用minimap2软件比对到组装好的基因组上,用samtools软件的depth功能统计各个位点的测序深度[23-24]。采用Prokka对组装好的基因组进行基因注释和预测[25]。分别使用tRNAscan-SE和RNAmmer对tRNA和rRNA基因进行预测[26-27]
从NCBI数据库和JGI数据库下载相似菌株的全基因组序列。由于在数据库中未检索到Rhizobium yanglingense SH 22623TRhizobium sullae IS123TRhizobium acidisoli FH13T的全基因组序列,因此选择这些物种的非模式菌株的全基因组序列作为替代。采用FastME软件构建全基因组系统发育树[28];使用JSpeciesWS软件计算ZK1T和参考菌株之间的平均核苷酸一致性(average nucleotide identity, ANI)[29];用GGDC (genome to genome distance calculator)计算数字DNA-DNA杂交值(digital DNA-DNA hybridization, dDDH)[30],从而进一步确定菌株ZK1T的分类地位。
将生长良好的ZK1T菌株按照体积分数为5%的接种量分别接种到NaCl浓度梯度为0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、3.0%、4.0%的YEM培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养24 h,并测定其OD600值。同时采用相同接种量和盐浓度梯度接种于YMA培养基中,37 ℃培养24 h,并拍照。
将纯化的ZK1T菌株按照体积分数为5%的接种量分别接种到使用1 mol/L氢氧化钠或1 mol/L浓盐酸(超净工作台中抽滤后使用)调节pH为2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0、6.0、7.0、10.0、11.0的YEM培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养24 h,并测定其OD600值。同时采用相同接种量和pH梯度(将YEM液体培养基和琼脂分别高温高压灭菌,灭菌后的YEM液体培养基和琼脂混匀,使用抽滤后的1 mol/L氢氧化钠或1 mol/L浓盐酸调节至相应pH)接种于YMA固体培养基中,37 ℃培养24 h,并拍照。
将根瘤菌划线于YMA培养基上,28 ℃培养2-3 d后,挑取单克隆于300 mL的YEM培养基中培养1 d至OD600值为1.045左右时,14 000 r/min离心10 min,重复2次,倒掉上清液体,用无菌水冲洗2遍,再用无菌水重悬菌块,将菌液OD600值调为0.1。
将‘中科菁1号’ (ZK1)、‘中科菁2号’ (ZK2)、‘中科菁6号’ (ZK6)、‘中科菁10号’ (ZK10,毛萼田菁)、‘鲁菁5号’ (LJ5)的种子预先用浓硫酸处理8-10 min后,无菌水洗3次,再用氯气(100 mL次氯酸钠+5 mL浓盐酸)过夜灭菌消毒12-15 h。取出种子,在超净台吹风30-60 min。将灭菌后的蛭石装入灭菌托盘盒子中,浇入灭菌的Hoagland’s modified液体营养液,待蛭石充分吸收后进行播种。播种10 d后接种分离得到的根瘤菌,观察表型。根瘤菌接种24 d后统计结瘤数目。
采用Excel 2021和SPSS 19.0软件进行数据处理和方差分析,GraphPad Prism 9.0软件作图,MEGA 11.0构建系统发育树。FastME软件构建全基因组系统发育树,JSpeciesWS软件计算平均核苷酸一致性。
通过平板划线法将分离得到的根瘤菌划线到YMA固体培养基上,经反复分离、纯化后观察菌落形态,呈现圆形或椭圆形、表面湿润且有光泽、乳白色、边缘齐整、稍有凸起。分离菌株的生长表型与根瘤菌典型的个体形态和菌落特征相符合。经过多轮筛选,在‘中科菁1号’品系中分离得到一个符合根瘤菌形态特征的菌落,初步命名为ZK1T (图1)。
通过测序得到长度为1 385 bp的16S rRNA基因序列。将序列上传至EzBioCloud数据库进行比对,发现菌株ZK1T与最相似的菌株分别为Rhizobium mesosinicum CCBAU 25010TRhizobium alamii GBV016TRhizobium viscosum LMG 16473T,相似度分别为99.26%、99.06%和98.41% (图2)。因此,可判定ZK1T隶属于根瘤菌属。将ZK1T的16S rRNA基因序列上传至NCBI数据库,获得GenBank登录号PQ803796。基于16S rRNA基因序列构建的系统发育树表明,菌株ZK1TR. mesosinicum CCBAU 25010TR. alamii GBV016TR. viscosum LMG 16473T聚类到同一个进化分支,并具有较高的自展值,这与16S rRNA基因序列相似性比对结果一致(图2)。
菌株ZK1T经过PacBio平台测序后,共产出原始数据1 460 606 857 bp,质控后的数据量为1 460 606 857 bp。对质控后的数据进行基因组组装、校正和优化后,得到大小为7 145 565 bp的基因组序列,整个基因组的平均G+C含量为60.04% (表1)。
基因组由3个contig组成,包含1条环状染色体和2条环状质粒(图3)。染色体和质粒的大小分别为4 499 453、2 244 590和401 522 bp。染色体、质粒1和质粒2的测序深度分别为201.77×、204.65×和206.09×,G+C含量分别为60.25%、59.77%、59.08%。基因组预测结果表明,菌株ZK1T共有6 929个编码序列(coding sequences, CDS),包括54个tRNA和9个rRNA。将菌株ZK1T的全基因组序列上传至NCBI数据库,获得BioProject登录号PRJNA1202577。
根据全基因组序列注释结果,菌株ZK1T存在nifH基因和常规的结瘤基因nodABC。从NCBI数据库获取相似菌株的nodABCnifH基因序列。与此同时,增加了分离自田菁的中慢生根瘤菌菌株AC99bT、中华根瘤菌菌株ORS609T和新根瘤菌菌株DSM 21817TnodABCnifH共生基因序列进行进一步的比较分析。将供试菌株的共生基因与参比菌株进行多序列比对,并利用最小进化法构建系统发育树(图4图5)。
基于共生基因序列nodBnodC构建的系统发育树结果表明,菌株ZK1T仅与分离自田菁的中华根瘤菌菌株ORS609T聚类到同一个进化分支。然而,在基于nodAnifH基因构建的系统发育树中,菌株ZK1T与分离自田菁的菌株聚类在一起,这些菌株分布在不同的属中。相应地,分离自菜豆和兵豆的菌株分别聚类到同一个进化分支上,表明根瘤菌的共生基因与宿主植物具有对应关系,宿主相同的菌株的共生基因相似度更大(图4图5)。
在基于全基因组序列构建的系统发育树中,菌株ZK1T与菌株GBV016T、LMG 16473T、CCBAU 25010T形成同一个进化分支(图6)。这与基于16S rRNA基因序列构建的系统发育树的拓扑结构一致,进一步证实了该亲缘关系的稳定性。计算结果表明,菌株ZK1T与相似菌株的ANI和dDDH最高值分别为88.00%和38.00% (表2),均低于新种鉴定的阈值95.00%[31]和70.00%[32]。由此可见,尽管菌株ZK1T与最相似菌株的16S rRNA基因序列相似度高于新种鉴定的阈值98.65%[33],但基于全基因组序列的ANI和dDDH值低于新种鉴定的阈值,因此可认定其为根瘤菌属的一个新种[34],并将其命名为Rhizobium sesbaniae ZK1T (图6)。该菌株已于2024年12月30日保藏于中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No.33228。
在YEM培养基中,当NaCl浓度低于1.5%时,根瘤菌ZK1TOD600值未显示出显著变化,表明其生长状况基本稳定。然而,随着NaCl浓度增加至2.0%,ZK1T的生长开始明显下降,而在4.0% NaCl浓度下,菌株几乎无法生长(图7A)。在不同pH条件下,极端酸碱环境(pH 2.0、3.0、10.0、11.0)对ZK1T造成显著影响,使其几乎无法生长。相比之下,在pH 5.0和pH 6.0的条件下,ZK1T的生长与对照相比未受到明显影响,但在pH 4.0时表现出一定程度的生长抑制(图7B)。
在YMA固体培养基上观察到的结果与液体培养基一致,即ZK1T能够承受高达1.5%-2.0%的NaCl浓度,并且能够在pH 4.0-10.0之间生长良好(图8)。
图8所示,ZK1T能够在蒙金娜有机磷培养基(P)中生长,但不能在固氮培养基(NFM)和解钾培养基(K)中生长。进一步观察发现,在有机磷培养基上培养5 d后,ZK1T菌落周围形成了直径约为0.5 cm的透明晕圈,表明其具有溶磷能力。
为了探究根瘤菌ZK1T对不同田菁品种的生长及结瘤能力的影响,本研究在全程无菌条件下进行了盆栽回接实验。结果显示,接种24 d后,ZK1T不仅显著促进了‘中科菁1号’的生长和结瘤效果,还显著提高了‘中科菁2号’ ‘中科菁6号’ ‘中科菁10号’以及‘鲁菁5号’的株高和生物量(鲜重)。然而,仅‘中科菁10号’和’鲁菁5号’的结瘤数量有显著增加(图9),对于‘中科菁2号’和‘中科菁6号’则未观察到显著影响。其中,对‘中科菁1号’的生物量提升和结瘤数量促进效果在所有测试的田菁材料中最为显著(图9C9D),表明尽管ZK1T能够普遍促进不同田菁材料的生长和结瘤,但其与分离宿主品种之间的共生关系效率更高。
生物固氮(biological nitrogen fixation, BNF)占地球生物圈中大气氮固定总量的60%以上,在全球氮素循环中具有重要潜力[35]。豆科植物根系与根瘤菌之间的共生关系是最典型且研究最深入的生物固氮模式,这种共生关系在农业生态系统中对提高植物氮素利用效率起着关键作用[36]。筛选具备高效结瘤和固氮能力的根瘤菌菌株是未来在农业生产中广泛应用的基础。
根瘤菌能够分泌多种化学物质,如植物激素、脂质几丁寡糖、核黄素以及固氮酶产生的氢,这些物质在土壤中具有促进种子萌发、增强植物生长、提升光合效率和粮食产量的潜力[37]。研究表明,根瘤菌还具有抑制土壤病原菌的能力,而豆科植物根系释放的酚类化合物不仅有助于控制病原体,还能促进共生微生物的增殖[38]。相较于植物本身,根瘤表现出更优越的抗氧化性能,这主要归因于其较高的抗氧化酶活性及丰富的抗氧化物质含量[39]。研究还发现,接种根瘤菌后,植物相关抗性基因表达量有所增加,表明微生物与植物之间的共生关系有助于改善植物的总体健康状况,并增强其对非生物胁迫(包括耐盐能力)的耐受力[40]
尽管田菁具有很大潜力开发为适生边际土地、肥饲兼用的理想优质蛋白饲草,但目前尚缺乏高效的栽培技术,尤其是在培育耐逆优质田菁品种(系)及其配套的高效根瘤菌方面。为此,本研究选择耐逆、优质的‘中科菁1号’材料,利用纯培养的方式从其自结瘤的粉色根瘤中分离纯化出一株根瘤菌。通过16S rRNA基因序列的比较和构建系统发育树,初步确定了菌株ZK1T的最相似菌种和分类地位。然而,随着测序技术的发展,原核生物的分类鉴定逐渐过渡到以全基因组序列为基础,以ANI和dDDH值作为判断是否是一个新种的“黄金标准”[31-32,41-42]。这些先进手段克服了传统上仅依靠表型特征观察以及受到16S rRNA测序完整性限制所带来的不足之处。因此,相较于现有已发布的模式菌株,虽然本研究中的ZK1T菌株与传统意义上定义的新种存在一定差距(基于16S rRNA基因序列相似度),但综合全基因组水平计算得出的ANI值与dDDH值结果均强烈支持将ZK1T认定为根瘤菌属内的一个新成员。
田菁作为典型的高耐胁迫豆科植物,与根瘤菌共生可改善土壤理化性质,特别是在贫瘠土壤和退化生态系统中[43]。研究表明,能够与田菁形成共生关系的根瘤菌类群较为丰富,主要分布在中华根瘤菌属(Sinorhizobium)、根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、新根瘤菌属(Neorhizobium)、农杆菌属(Agrobacterium)、固氮根瘤菌属(Azorhizobium)、中慢生根瘤菌属(Mesorhizobium)和剑菌属(Ensifer)[44-49]。本研究分离到的田菁根瘤菌新种属于根瘤菌属。
在本研究中,除了用分离的宿主品种‘中科菁1号’外,还选择了其他田菁品种为实验材料对菌株ZK1T进行回接实验,验证了菌株的促生长和结瘤能力。在接菌处理中,根瘤数、根瘤鲜重、株高和地上部分鲜重均显著高于未接种处理,这也为进一步探究菌株的应用前景奠定了一定基础和数据支撑。与其他四倍体田菁不同,ZK10材料作为二倍体毛萼田菁能够同时形成根瘤和茎瘤,本研究分离出的ZK1T根瘤菌能够与其正常形成根瘤。‘中科菁2号’ ‘中科菁6号’以及‘鲁菁5号’采用相同方法分离得到的均为同一株根瘤菌,与本研究报道的ZK1T不同。‘中科菁1号’的耐逆性优异是否与内生根瘤菌ZK1T作用相关,需要后续进一步探索其调控机制。
在当前农业和生态研究中,根瘤菌-豆科植物改良系统已成功建立并广泛应用。该系统通过种植豆科植物并接种根瘤菌,有效减少了盐碱地土壤中的含盐量,促进了污染物的分解,显著改善了土壤结构与肥力。Rejili等[50]的研究指出,6种野生豆科植物与其根瘤菌形成的共生体系在突尼斯半干旱地区对盐碱地的改良具有显著效果。Yanni等[51]的研究则表明,土著耐盐根瘤菌能显著提高菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)的耐盐碱和抗干旱胁迫能力。国内有关豆科植物-根瘤菌共生体系耐盐性的研究已有报道,如紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)-根瘤菌[52]、箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)-根瘤菌[53]等。鉴于根瘤菌-豆科植物共生体系在农艺、经济和生态上的深远影响,该体系特别适合用于有机质低、氮素缺乏的边际土地改良。因此,建立田菁-根瘤菌共生体系对改良边际土地的意义重大。此外,有研究报道,根瘤菌对豆科植物耐盐性的影响在物种间存在较大差异[54-55],还需要进一步深入研究这种共生关系,以更好地理解其对豆科植物耐逆性的具体影响机制。
本研究从‘中科菁1号’田菁新品系根瘤内分离到一株田菁根瘤菌,编号为ZK1T,经鉴定后确认其为一个新种,命名为田菁根瘤菌(Rhizobium sesbaniae)。ZK1T能够耐受2.0%的NaCl浓度和pH 4.0-10.0的条件,并且具有溶解有机磷的能力。ZK1T在提高不同田菁材料生长和结瘤方面具有一定的作用,具备开发为田菁根瘤菌菌剂产品的潜力,未来可用于助力边际土地生态改良。
感谢海南省种业实验室贾亚军、刘少坤提供田菁种子。
  • 海南省科技人才创新项目(KJRC2023D11)
  • 海南省种业实验室自主部署项目(B23E10002)
  • 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28030000)
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2025年第65卷第8期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250060
  • 接收时间:2025-01-21
  • 首发时间:2026-02-06
  • 出版时间:2025-08-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-21
  • 录用日期:2025-03-11
基金
Innovational Fund for Scientific and Technological Personnel of Hainan Province(KJRC2023D11)
海南省科技人才创新项目(KJRC2023D11)
Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory Project(B23E10002)
海南省种业实验室自主部署项目(B23E10002)
Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28030000)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28030000)
作者信息
    1.海南大学 热带农林学院,海南 海口
    2.中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,北京
    3.海南省种业实验室,海南 三亚
    4.河南大学三亚研究院,海南 三亚

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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