Article(id=1226296957023466451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226296952975966478, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240566, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1726243200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1730131200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-10-29, onlineDate=1770301578049, onlineDateStr=2026-02-05, pubDate=1738598400000, pubDateStr=2025-02-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770301578049, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770301578049, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770301578049, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226296952975966478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='2', pageStart='421', pageEnd='861', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770301577085, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770353593135, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226515124169650204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226296952975966478, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226515124173844509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226296952975966478, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=567, endPage=581, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226296957338039266, articleId=1226296957023466451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Differences of rhizosphere and root nodule microorganisms between early and late maturing varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris in northeast China and nitrogen-fixing capacity of rhizobia, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Phaseolus vulgaris L. is one of the key edible legumes in the world. Rhizosphere microorganisms have mutually beneficial interactions with plants, being important factors promoting crop growth and health. However, studies are limited regarding how to utilize the microbiomes of legumes to promote crop growth. [Objective] To investigate the structural and functional differences of microbial communities in the rhizosphere and root nodules between two varieties (‘Ziguan' and ‘Juguan') of P. vulgaris, screen rhizobial strains, and evaluate their nitrogen-fixing and growth-promoting properties. [Methods] We employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the bacterial community structures in the rhizosphere and root nodules of the two varieties. The rhizobial strains were screened by the plate streaking method. Pot experiments with nitrogen-free vermiculite were carried out to evaluate the nitrogen-fixing performance of the 11 rhizobial strains screened out. [Results] The bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere soil of ‘Juguan' was significantly lower than that of ‘Ziguan', and the bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere soil samples of both varieties was significantly higher than that in the root nodule samples. In addition, the rhizosphere of P. vulgaris harbored beneficial bacterial genera such as Rhizobium, Sphingomonas, Burkholderia, among which Rhizobium was dominant in the root nodules of both varieties. Gephi network analysis showed that bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and root nodules had positive correlations, with the relative abundance of 75.52% and 86.67%, respectively. PICRUSt2 function prediction indicated that the bacteria in the rhizosphere mainly had the functions related to carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism, with abundant genes involved in nitrogen metabolism. Pot experiments showed that Rhizobium lusitanum NZ5 and R. etli GLJ10 increased the underground dry weight of ‘Ziguan' by 43.21% and 48.15%, respectively. R. lusitanum NZ5, R. etli GLZ1, and R. changzhiense GLJ12 increased the underground dry weight of ‘Juguan' by 77.37%, 68.42%, and 67.37%, respectively. [Conclusion] P. vulgaris possesses ability to selectively enrich a variety of microorganisms in the soil, establishing a closely coordinated and highly functional microbial community in the rhizosphere. Moreover, different rhizobial strains exerted varied growth-promoting effects on P. vulgaris.

, correspAuthors=Zhigang WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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#These authors contributed equally to this work.

, authorsList=Qing SHI, Fangfang WANG, Weihui XU, Wenjing CHEN, Chunling CHANG, Yunlong HU, Zhigang WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1226296960676704337, articleId=1226296957023466451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=东北早晚熟菜豆根际与根瘤微生物差异及根瘤菌固氮能力, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)是全球最为重要的食用豆类之一,根际微生物与植物互惠互利,同时也是促进作物生长及健康的重要因素,然而,如何利用豆类植物微生物组促进作物生长的探索尚显不足。 【目的】 分析紫冠与巨冠菜豆的根际与根瘤细菌群落结构与功能的差异;筛选根瘤菌并探究其固氮和促生性能。 【方法】 利用16S rRNA基因测序技术,分析2种菜豆根际与根瘤细菌的差异;采用平板划线法筛选根瘤菌,利用无氮蛭石盆栽试验对11株根瘤菌的固氮性能及促生效果进行评估。 【结果】 巨冠菜豆的根际土壤细菌群落多样性显著低于紫冠菜豆,同时2种菜豆根际样品中细菌多样性显著高于根瘤样品。此外,菜豆根际富集了根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia)等有益菌属。其中,Rhizobium是2种菜豆根瘤中的优势菌属。Gephi网络分析表明,根际与根瘤细菌群落呈正相关,占比分别为75.52%和86.67%;PICRUSt2功能预测结果表明,菜豆根际细菌群落中碳水化合物、氨基酸和脂质代谢等功能丰度较高,且具有较高的氮代谢功能基因丰度。无氮蛭石盆栽试验表明,Rhizobium lusitanum NZ5和R. etli GLJ10显著增加了紫冠菜豆地下干重,分别增加了43.21%和48.15%;R. lusitanum NZ5、R. etli GLZ1和R. changzhiense GLJ12能显著增加巨冠菜豆地下干重,分别增加了77.37%、68.42%和67.37%。 【结论】 菜豆能够选择性地从土壤中富集多种微生物,在其根际建立一个紧密协同且功能强大的微生物群落,且接种不同根瘤菌对菜豆的促生效果存在差异。

, correspAuthors=王志刚, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=sQKP6d87vRugkyQNNBdncw==, magXml=KDRjC09zoEwB9s27hngkCQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=VQJHvcaz3qGSkQHzubR7Vw==, pdfFileSize=6175798, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=0uTos4DtkgL7wxXB5NdztQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=s9w9COUvQxb95xipq3U+DA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

作者贡献声明

石晴:负责写作和编辑工作;汪芳芳:负责研究设计、实验操作和数据收集;徐伟慧:负责文章修改及论文润色;陈文晶:写作审编;常春玲:写作审编;胡云龙:写作审编;王志刚:负责实验技术路线的构思。

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2 Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
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2 黑龙江省农业微生物制剂产业化技术创新中心,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔
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2 黑龙江省农业微生物制剂产业化技术创新中心,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔
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A: Analysis of alpha diversity among different root nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris; B: Analysis of alpha diversity between the rhizospheres of different Phaseolus vulgaris; C: Analysis of alpha diversity between nodules and rhizospheres; D: PCoA analysis of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of Phaseolus vulgaris. ZG stands for Phaseolus purpurea, and JG stands for Phaseolus megalombis. * represents the level of significance between different varieties (*: P<0.05), and *** in Figure C represents the significant between nodules and rhizosphere (***: P<0.001); The error bar shows the standard error of four replicate pots., figureFileSmall=dob2hXKJCzS5TdTP8bGQLg==, figureFileBig=u0Y7qMZKE9LaFkwXXLy3lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226514044002153066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226296957023466451, language=CN, label=图1, caption=根瘤细菌群落的α多样性与PCoA分析。A:不同菜豆根瘤间α多样性分析;B:不同菜豆根际间α多样性分析;C:根瘤与根际间α多样性分析;D:菜豆根际土壤细菌群落PCoA分析。ZG代表紫冠菜豆,JG代表巨冠菜豆;*代表不同品种间的显著性水平(*:P<0.05),***代表根瘤与根际间的显著性水平(***:P<0.001);误差条表示重复间的标准误差。, figureFileSmall=dob2hXKJCzS5TdTP8bGQLg==, figureFileBig=u0Y7qMZKE9LaFkwXXLy3lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226514044157342327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226296957023466451, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Rhizosphere and rhizobia bacterial community of Phaseolus vulgaris. A: Bacterial phylum community composition at phylum level; B: Bacterial community composition at genus level., figureFileSmall=E918JwhEP//zVuHo2FW0EQ==, figureFileBig=zMN2Hu+uWX0rGyumm6aFlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226514044287365759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226296957023466451, language=CN, label=图2, caption=菜豆根际与根瘤细菌群落。A:门水平细菌门群落组成;B:属水平细菌群落组成。, figureFileSmall=E918JwhEP//zVuHo2FW0EQ==, figureFileBig=zMN2Hu+uWX0rGyumm6aFlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226514044396417669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226296957023466451, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Differences in rhizosphere bacterial communities between the two Phaseolus vulgaris L. (P<0.05). A: Differences in bacterial communities at the rhizosphere phylum level; B: Differences in bacterial communities at the rhizosphere level. *: Significance level (P<0.05)., figureFileSmall=iXuHWOBs5cNTwsc19n52yg==, figureFileBig=eVzGxvPqVRyK5/0PtSgSxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226514044539024014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226296957023466451, language=CN, label=图3, caption=两种菜豆品种根际细菌群落差异。A:根际门水平细菌群落差异;B:根际属水平细菌群落差异。*代表显著性水平(P<0.05)。, figureFileSmall=iXuHWOBs5cNTwsc19n52yg==, figureFileBig=eVzGxvPqVRyK5/0PtSgSxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226514044664853141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226296957023466451, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Co-occurrence network at the level of dominant microbiota in rhizosphere soil (A) and nodules (B) of Phaseolus vulgaris. Node size indicates species abundance, different colors indicate the corresponding gate level classification, line color represents correlation, red represents positive correlation, green represents negative correlation, and thickness represents correlation value size; Draw connections between nodes that are significantly (P<0.01, Spearman rank correlation test ) and highly correlated (Spearman |r|>0.70)., figureFileSmall=QYi83NLhmIU9paf2fRUNmA==, figureFileBig=93hkfplJ7BZt9VSBWJym7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226514044786487962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226296957023466451, language=CN, label=图4, caption=菜豆根际土壤(A)和根瘤(B)中优势微生物群属水平的共现网络。节点大小代表物种的丰度大小,不同的颜色代表相应的门水平,红色线条代表正相关,绿色线条代表负相关,粗细代表相关值大小,在显著相关(P<0.01,Spearman等级相关检验)和高度相关(S-pearman |r|>0.70)的节点之间绘制连接。, figureFileSmall=QYi83NLhmIU9paf2fRUNmA==, figureFileBig=93hkfplJ7BZt9VSBWJym7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226514044908122781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226296957023466451, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Rhizosphere and nodule functional genes and nitrogen metabolism gene abundance in Phaseolus vulgaris. A: PICRUSt2 function prediction of rhizosphere and rhizobia bacterial communities in Phaseolus vulgaris; B: Enrichment analysis of genes related to nitrogen metabolism in the rhizosphere and rhizobia bacterial communities of Phaseolus vulgaris., figureFileSmall=geBKDseVU7DWyaH/x3vR/A==, figureFileBig=HWYCq7c2hxxbJ1wJmSmDcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226514045050729127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226296957023466451, language=CN, label=图5, caption=菜豆根际与根瘤功能基因与氮代谢基因丰度。A:菜豆根际与根瘤细菌群落PICRUSt2功能预测;B:菜豆根际与根瘤细菌群落中氮代谢相关基因的富集分析。, figureFileSmall=geBKDseVU7DWyaH/x3vR/A==, figureFileBig=HWYCq7c2hxxbJ1wJmSmDcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226514045168169640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226296957023466451, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Phylogenetic tree of rhizobia based on 16S rRNA gene sequences., figureFileSmall=060U4aUWCeZ8WM6k1Qo5wg==, figureFileBig=tXbVKTnTYwuxg0wb7lCfLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226514045273027246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226296957023466451, language=CN, label=图6, caption=基于16S rRNA基因序列构建的根瘤菌系统发育树, figureFileSmall=060U4aUWCeZ8WM6k1Qo5wg==, figureFileBig=tXbVKTnTYwuxg0wb7lCfLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226514045390467765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226296957023466451, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=The growth-promoting effect of single inoculation of rhizobia on Phaseolus purpurea (A, C) and on Phaseolus megalombis (B, D). 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东北早晚熟菜豆根际与根瘤微生物差异及根瘤菌固氮能力
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石晴 1, 2, 3 , 汪芳芳 1, 2, 3 , 徐伟慧 1, 2, 3 , 陈文晶 1, 2, 3 , 常春玲 1, 2, 3 , 胡云龙 1, 2, 3 , 王志刚 1, 2, 3, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(2): 567-581
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(2): 567-581
东北早晚熟菜豆根际与根瘤微生物差异及根瘤菌固氮能力
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石晴1, 2, 3, 汪芳芳1, 2, 3, 徐伟慧1, 2, 3, 陈文晶1, 2, 3, 常春玲1, 2, 3, 胡云龙1, 2, 3, 王志刚1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1 齐齐哈尔大学 生命科学与农林学院,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔
  • 2 黑龙江省农业微生物制剂产业化技术创新中心,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔
  • 3 黑龙江省农用生物制剂产业化协同创新中心,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔
Differences of rhizosphere and root nodule microorganisms between early and late maturing varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris in northeast China and nitrogen-fixing capacity of rhizobia
Qing SHI1, 2, 3, Fangfang WANG1, 2, 3, Weihui XU1, 2, 3, Wenjing CHEN1, 2, 3, Chunling CHANG1, 2, 3, Yunlong HU1, 2, 3, Zhigang WANG1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
  • 2 Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
  • 3 Heilongjiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agrobiological Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
出版时间: 2025-02-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240566
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菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)是全球最为重要的食用豆类之一,根际微生物与植物互惠互利,同时也是促进作物生长及健康的重要因素,然而,如何利用豆类植物微生物组促进作物生长的探索尚显不足。 【目的】 分析紫冠与巨冠菜豆的根际与根瘤细菌群落结构与功能的差异;筛选根瘤菌并探究其固氮和促生性能。 【方法】 利用16S rRNA基因测序技术,分析2种菜豆根际与根瘤细菌的差异;采用平板划线法筛选根瘤菌,利用无氮蛭石盆栽试验对11株根瘤菌的固氮性能及促生效果进行评估。 【结果】 巨冠菜豆的根际土壤细菌群落多样性显著低于紫冠菜豆,同时2种菜豆根际样品中细菌多样性显著高于根瘤样品。此外,菜豆根际富集了根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia)等有益菌属。其中,Rhizobium是2种菜豆根瘤中的优势菌属。Gephi网络分析表明,根际与根瘤细菌群落呈正相关,占比分别为75.52%和86.67%;PICRUSt2功能预测结果表明,菜豆根际细菌群落中碳水化合物、氨基酸和脂质代谢等功能丰度较高,且具有较高的氮代谢功能基因丰度。无氮蛭石盆栽试验表明,Rhizobium lusitanum NZ5和R. etli GLJ10显著增加了紫冠菜豆地下干重,分别增加了43.21%和48.15%;R. lusitanum NZ5、R. etli GLZ1和R. changzhiense GLJ12能显著增加巨冠菜豆地下干重,分别增加了77.37%、68.42%和67.37%。 【结论】 菜豆能够选择性地从土壤中富集多种微生物,在其根际建立一个紧密协同且功能强大的微生物群落,且接种不同根瘤菌对菜豆的促生效果存在差异。

菜豆  /  根际微生物  /  根瘤菌  /  固氮  /  微生物群落

Phaseolus vulgaris L. is one of the key edible legumes in the world. Rhizosphere microorganisms have mutually beneficial interactions with plants, being important factors promoting crop growth and health. However, studies are limited regarding how to utilize the microbiomes of legumes to promote crop growth. [Objective] To investigate the structural and functional differences of microbial communities in the rhizosphere and root nodules between two varieties (‘Ziguan' and ‘Juguan') of P. vulgaris, screen rhizobial strains, and evaluate their nitrogen-fixing and growth-promoting properties. [Methods] We employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the bacterial community structures in the rhizosphere and root nodules of the two varieties. The rhizobial strains were screened by the plate streaking method. Pot experiments with nitrogen-free vermiculite were carried out to evaluate the nitrogen-fixing performance of the 11 rhizobial strains screened out. [Results] The bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere soil of ‘Juguan' was significantly lower than that of ‘Ziguan', and the bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere soil samples of both varieties was significantly higher than that in the root nodule samples. In addition, the rhizosphere of P. vulgaris harbored beneficial bacterial genera such as Rhizobium, Sphingomonas, Burkholderia, among which Rhizobium was dominant in the root nodules of both varieties. Gephi network analysis showed that bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and root nodules had positive correlations, with the relative abundance of 75.52% and 86.67%, respectively. PICRUSt2 function prediction indicated that the bacteria in the rhizosphere mainly had the functions related to carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism, with abundant genes involved in nitrogen metabolism. Pot experiments showed that Rhizobium lusitanum NZ5 and R. etli GLJ10 increased the underground dry weight of ‘Ziguan' by 43.21% and 48.15%, respectively. R. lusitanum NZ5, R. etli GLZ1, and R. changzhiense GLJ12 increased the underground dry weight of ‘Juguan' by 77.37%, 68.42%, and 67.37%, respectively. [Conclusion] P. vulgaris possesses ability to selectively enrich a variety of microorganisms in the soil, establishing a closely coordinated and highly functional microbial community in the rhizosphere. Moreover, different rhizobial strains exerted varied growth-promoting effects on P. vulgaris.

Phaseolus vulgaris L.  /  rhizosphere microorganisms  /  Rhizobium  /  nitrogen fixation  /  microbial community
石晴, 汪芳芳, 徐伟慧, 陈文晶, 常春玲, 胡云龙, 王志刚. 东北早晚熟菜豆根际与根瘤微生物差异及根瘤菌固氮能力. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (2) : 567 -581 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240566
Qing SHI, Fangfang WANG, Weihui XU, Wenjing CHEN, Chunling CHANG, Yunlong HU, Zhigang WANG. Differences of rhizosphere and root nodule microorganisms between early and late maturing varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris in northeast China and nitrogen-fixing capacity of rhizobia[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (2) : 567 -581 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240566
菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)是一种重要的豆类作物,是人体必需氨基酸与营养物质的优质来源[1-2]。大多数豆科植物能够与根瘤菌建立共生关系,根瘤菌诱发根瘤产生,赋予了豆科植物独特的生态优势[3]。在自然界中,豆科植物-根瘤菌共生体系是最重要的固氮体系之一[3-5]。研究表明,根瘤菌能够促进毛叶苕子、箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)以及苜蓿(Medicago)等豆科植物的生长[6-7],还可以促进农业作物大豆(Glycine max)的生长[8]。使用根瘤菌菌剂可以改良土壤肥力,促进作物生长,从而提高豆科作物产量,对农业生产具有积极的促进作用[9]。适应能力较强的土著根瘤菌在形成根瘤和自然存活方面具有一定的优势,因此,筛选土著根瘤菌并用作接种剂能提高作物的固氮性能,且具有很强的竞争力[10]。Mir等[11]从红三叶草根瘤中分离得到8株土著根瘤菌,其中4株菌能够合成吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA);3株菌具有溶解钾、产铁载体和几丁质酶的特性;2株菌具有较好的促生性能,且能够在菜豆根上定殖,从而增加菜豆产量。
根际是距离植物根部1-2 mm的狭窄动态区,是地球上最动态的界面之一[12]。根际微生物群落主要由变形菌门(Pseudomonadota)、放线菌门(Actinomycetota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和厚壁菌门(Bacillota)等物种组成[13-17]。在豆科植物三叶草(Trifolium pratense)中,变形菌门(Pseudomonadota)占根际菌群的90.7%,其中根瘤菌(Rhizobium)占70.0%。已知根际微生物群落的组成和活性受植物基因型、土壤性质和植物营养状况的影响。此外,同一作物的不同品种间,土壤微生物群落可能存在差异[18-19];同一作物在不同生长阶段[20-21]和不同营养状态[22-23]下,土壤微生物均会存在一定的动态变化。研究表明,野生大麦(Hordeum vulgare)中,丛毛单孢菌科、黄杆菌科与根瘤菌科为大麦根际富集的优势菌科[17];玉米的基因型对玉米根际微生物群落多样性具有显著的影响[24];然而,关于东北地区不同生育期菜豆品种微生物组的差异,目前尚不清楚。
因此,对不同生育期菜豆品种的根际微生物群落进行分析,有助于了解不同生育期菜豆品种的微生物多样性,并对优势微生物群落及根瘤菌的筛选具有重要意义。本研究采用16S rRNA基因扩增子测序技术,探究不同生育期菜豆品种土壤微生物的结构及功能差异;通过筛选不同菜豆品种的根瘤菌并进行盆栽试验,探究了在无氮条件下根瘤菌对2种菜豆的促生效果及固氮性能的影响,以期为提高菜豆产量、改进品质以及菜豆专用菌肥的开发提供理论依据。
两种菜豆均为我国东北地区特有且优质的蔓生食荚菜豆品种,其中紫冠菜豆较早熟且产量高、巨冠菜豆较晚熟且适于速冻加工,两种菜豆均由黑龙江大学培育。
根瘤样品与土壤样品采集自齐齐哈尔市梅里斯区(123°74′E,47°40′N)菜豆种植田。于菜豆开花结荚期收集健康植株根系上的红色根瘤与根际土壤。
紫冠、巨冠菜豆根际土壤样品分别命名为ZGGJ、JGGJ,紫冠、巨冠菜豆根瘤样品分别命名为ZGGL、JGGL。
根据E.Z.N.A.® Soil DNA Kit (Omega Bio-Tek公司)说明书提取样品总DNA,使用1%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA质量,NanoDrop 2000测定DNA浓度和纯度,将提取的DNA送至上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司进行16S rRNA基因扩增子测序。用引物338F (5′-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3′)和806R (5′-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′)扩增16S rRNA基因的V3-V4区[25]。在Illumina MiSeq PE300测序平台上测序,在美吉云平台上进行可视化分析。
挑选40个较大的红色根瘤进行表面消毒,依次使用70%乙醇、3%次氯酸钠各消毒2 min,然后用无菌水冲洗干净。将消毒后的根瘤对半切开,使用无菌接种环固定根瘤横切面于根瘤菌固体培养基表面进行划线,28 ℃下培养2-7 d,挑取不同形态的单菌落进行纯化并编号。
利用细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒[天根生化科技(北京)有限公司],提取DNA,选择通用引物27F (5′-AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG-3′)和1492R (5′-GGYTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′)进行16S rRNA基因序列扩增[26],产物经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测后送至生工生物工程(长春)股份有限公司进行16S rRNA基因测序,将获得的菌株序列在NCBI数据库进行BLAST序列比对分析,并构建系统发育树[27]
利用蛭石盆栽试验评估单一根瘤菌的固氮性能,将健康饱满的菜豆种子依次浸泡于75%乙醇(5 min)和3%次氯酸钠溶液(3 min),然后用无菌水冲洗8-10次。将消毒后的菜豆种子播种于装有2 L灭菌蛭石的花盆中。菜豆幼苗子叶展开后,在其根部接种OD600值为0.5的根瘤菌菌悬液(2×108 CFU/mL) 1 mL,每周补充100 mL无氮霍格兰(Hoagland)营养液;空白对照为无氮霍格兰营养液条件不接种根瘤菌,阳性对照为全氮霍格兰营养液条件下不接种根瘤菌。其间浇灌适量无菌水保持蛭石湿润,每个处理设置8个平行。培养条件:30 ℃光照(12 h),20 ℃黑暗(12 h)。植株生长35 d后,即菜豆开花初期,将植株取出,用剪刀从植株根与茎连接处剪断,测量菜豆植株地上部分与根部干重、根瘤数及根瘤干重。
采用Excel 2016进行数据处理,运用SPSS 22.0进行统计分析,利用R语言4.1.2、Gephi-0.10.1和GraphPad Prism 8.0.2软件进行数据可视化;MEGA 11.0软件构建菌株系统发育树。
16S rRNA基因测序共获得的5 971条细菌扩增子序列变体(amplicon sequence variant, ASVs),注释到分类细菌1 497种,细菌属773个。2个菜豆品种的根际与根瘤细菌群落α多样性分析如图1所示,不同菜豆的Shannon指数存在显著差异,根际样品中的细菌群落多样性显著高于根瘤样品(P<0.001)。巨冠菜豆的根际土壤细菌多样性低于紫冠菜豆(P<0.05)。对根际与根瘤细菌群落组成的PCoA分析结果显示,对不同菜豆样品差异性解释度PC1为84.32%,PC2为9.79%,共解释了全部样品94.11%的差异。2种菜豆的根际细菌群落存在显著差异,其中巨冠根际主要分布于PC1的负值区域,而紫冠根际主要分布于PC1的正值区域;不同菜豆根际细菌群落呈现出明显分离,但根瘤中细菌群落又很好地聚集在一起。
在门水平上,对菜豆根际与根瘤细菌的物种组成及相对丰度进行了分析(图2A)。由图2A可知,2个品种根瘤中变形菌门(Pseudomonadota)的相对丰度高达99.70%。不同菜豆品种根际的细菌群落结构组成差异较大,与紫冠根际相比,巨冠根际变形菌门(Pseudomonadota)与拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)的相对丰度分别增加23.39%和35.13%,放线菌门(Actinomycetota)降低了35.60%。菜豆根际土壤中存在的优势菌门为变形菌门(Pseudomonadota,32.49%-54.73%)、放线菌门(Actinomycetota,19.00%-29.88%)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota,5.35%-11.19%)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexota,4.18%-8.07%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota,3.71%-7.49%)和厚壁菌门(Bacillota,3.64%-5.59%)。
菜豆根际与根瘤细菌属组成及相对丰度如图2B所示。Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium是根瘤细菌群落组成中丰度最高的优势菌属,其相对丰度高达98.84%-99.44%,占据菜豆根瘤细菌群落中主要生态位。这表明Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium极有可能与2种菜豆共生结瘤。2个菜豆品种的根际细菌群落存在显著差异,巨冠菜豆根际中Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium的相对丰度较紫冠菜豆增加了92.68%。紫冠菜豆根际优势菌属是鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、罗河杆菌属(Rhodanobacter)、未分类的微球菌科(unclassified_ f__Micrococcaceae)、副伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia),约占整个细菌群落的16.58%,巨冠菜豆根际优势菌属分别是Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium、unclassified_f__MirococcaceaeSphingomonas和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),约占细菌群落的38.02%。综上所述,不同生育期的菜豆品种影响了根际细菌群落的聚集。
为探究紫冠与巨冠根际中是否富集一些特异菌属,分析了门水平与属水平上紫冠与巨冠根际样品中细菌组成的差异,如图3所示,前10个差异菌门均存在显著差异。巨冠菜豆较紫冠菜豆根际显著富集了PseudomonadotaBacteroidota,紫冠菜豆较巨冠菜豆根际显著富集了ActinomycetotaPatescibacteris、出芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)等菌门(P<0.05);前10个差异菌属中,紫冠与巨冠菜豆有10个菌属存在差异,与紫冠菜豆根际相比,巨冠菜豆仅富集了Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium,而与巨冠菜豆相比SphingomonasRhodanobacterBurkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia等菌属显著富集于紫冠菜豆中(P<0.05)。由此可见,菜豆有选择地对根际细菌群落进行组装,而有益菌属的富集可能与不同生育期的菜豆品种分泌的根系分泌物有关。
利用软件Gephi-0.10.1,对菜豆根际与根瘤中细菌群落属水平排名前30的优势菌属进行共现网络分析(图4)。研究发现,根际土壤中存在433种相关性,根瘤中存在45种相关性,正相关占比分别为75.52%和86.67%,与根际相比,根瘤内相互作用网络相对简单,但正相关占比最高。其中菜豆根瘤、根际Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-RhizobiumBradyrhizobium之间呈正相关关系。在根际中Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-RhizobiumBradyrhizobium分别与9种和5种不同的菌属呈正相关,表明这些类群可能影响这2种根瘤菌结瘤;在根瘤中Unclassified_ f__Micrococcaceae、Norank_ f__norank_o__Saccharimonadales、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、Sphingomonas、新鞘氨醇菌属(Novosphingobium)、德沃斯氏菌属(Devosia)与2种根瘤菌呈正相关,表明这些菌属能够与根瘤菌共存,不会相互排斥。
通过PICRUSt2软件对菜豆根际与根瘤细菌群落进行功能预测,利用京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, KEGG)数据库对数据进行比对,结果如图5A所示。在根瘤中免疫系统(immune system)、细胞运动(cell motility)、循环系统(circulatory system)、外源物质的生物降解和代谢(xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism)、细胞生长与死亡(cell growth and death)、发育和再生(development and regeneration)、神经系统(nervous system)和膜转运(membrane transport)等功能富集,推测根瘤内细菌通过细胞膜与植物进行物质交换,利用植物提供的营养物质维持细胞。根际细菌的功能与物质代谢、遗传信息处理、生物有机系统和细胞过程相关,其中转录(transcription)、翻译(translation)、氨基酸代谢(amino acid metabolism)、碳水化合物代谢(carbohydrate metabolism)、能量代谢(energy metabolism)、脂质代谢(lipid metabolism)、环境适应(environmental adaptation)、运输和分解代谢(transport and catabolism)、其他次生代谢物的生物合成(biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites)等功能富集,推测根际有细菌大量繁殖,物质与能量代谢旺盛,同时合成多种次生代谢产物。
将预测的KO (KEGG orthology)值与KEGG数据库中氮代谢相关的69个直系同源基因进行比对,如图5B所示,共发现45个与氮代谢功能相关的基因,表明根际细菌群落存在丰富氮代谢功能。根瘤中细菌氮代谢功能基因富集情况与根际不同,根瘤中富集了编码钼铁固氮酶的nifDnifHnifK基因,与硝化过程相关的hcphaopmoA-amoApmoB-amoBpmoC-amoC基因丰度很低。对根际氮代谢基因丰度进行分析后,发现紫冠菜豆根际anfG (固氮酶δ亚基)的基因丰度较高,巨冠菜豆根际anfG基因丰度较低,但nifDHK基因丰度较高;巨冠菜豆根际参与异化硝酸盐还原的基因nirDB丰度较高,2种菜豆根际中参与硝酸盐同化的基因NRT2narKnrtPnasA丰度升高,可能有助于硝酸盐转化为亚硝酸盐。
通过根瘤菌固体培养基分离纯化,共得到根瘤菌11株。对菌株进行安全性评价后,发现11株细菌均不产生溶血圈,因此判断这11株细菌无溶血性,可用于后续实验。如图6所示,通过根瘤菌培养基以及16S rRNA基因序列分析发现,葡萄牙根瘤菌(Rhizobium lusitanum) KZ5-1、葡萄牙根瘤菌(R. lusitanum) NZ5、葡萄牙根瘤菌(R. lusitanum) KZ7、长治根瘤菌(R. changzhiense) GLJ10、豆根瘤菌(R. etli) GLZ1、豆根瘤菌(R. etli) GLZ10、豆根瘤菌(R. etli) GLZ14、埃斯佩兰萨根瘤菌(R. esperanzae) GLJ2、埃斯佩兰萨根瘤菌(R. esperanzae) GLJ7、长治根瘤菌(R. changzhiense) GLZ5和长治根瘤菌(R. changzhiense) GLJ12均属于根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)。
通过无氮蛭石盆栽试验评估11株根瘤菌的促生效果。如图7所示,在所有处理组中,仅有使用霍格兰含氮营养液的植株生物量显著高于空白对照(霍格兰无氮营养液,CK);而在无氮处理组中R. lusitanum NZ5与R. changzhiense GLJ10的接种能够显著增加紫冠菜豆地下部干重,较CK处理分别增加了43.21%、48.15% (图7A);R. lusitanum NZ5、R. etli GLZ1和R. changzhiense GLJ12能够显著增加巨冠菜豆植株地下部分干重,较CK处理组分别增加了77.37%、68.42%、67.37% (图7B);每周施用100 mL全氮营养液能够显著促进紫冠菜豆结瘤,抑制巨冠菜豆结瘤,但效果不显著;共有8个根瘤菌接种处理显著增加了紫冠菜豆结瘤数,降低了平均根瘤干重;共有3个根瘤菌处理显著增加了巨冠菜豆结瘤数(P<0.05) (图7C7D)。
根际微生物是宿主植物不可分割的一部分,它对植物生长和健康至关重要[28]。通常情况下,植物的基因型与根际微生物群落结构显著相关[24]。自然条件下,植物通过选择土壤中与其形成共生关系的不同微生物,组装成复杂的根际微生物群落。这种宿主介导的微生物组工程是一种 “自上而下” 的策略,能够改善植物的生长和环境适应性。
本研究发现,不同生育期菜豆品种的根际细菌群落组成存在差异。在门水平分类上,Pseudomonadota在巨冠菜豆根际中丰度高于紫冠菜豆,而Actinomycetota在紫冠菜豆中的丰度较高。已知Pseudomonadota是利用根分泌物的主要成员之一,也是常见的根际定殖菌[29];而Actinomycetota则能够通过产生铁载体,间接促进植物对营养物质的吸收与利用[30]。在属水平分类中,2种菜豆的根瘤与巨冠菜豆的根际均显著富集了固氮细菌Rhizobium,但紫冠菜豆中Rhizobium丰度较低,除固氮作用外,富集在菜豆根际的微生物可能还具有多种其他功能。例如,在紫冠菜豆中丰度较高的Sphingomonas能通过产生赤霉素与生长素等植物激素从而促进作物生长[31]。在菜豆根际细菌群落的研究中发现,不同菜豆品种会从土壤中招募特定细菌促进菜豆生长,最终建立不同的根际细菌群落。豆科植物根瘤是由根瘤菌诱导形成的独特生态位,豆科植物与根瘤菌共生受豆科宿主、环境因素及共生根瘤菌的影响。分析根瘤内细菌群落多样性的组成后发现,Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium在2种菜豆中均是优势菌属,占整个细菌群落的98.84%-99.44%。总体而言,菜豆的基因型影响了根际细菌群落的聚集,并为了自身的生长有选择地对根际细菌群落进行组装。
微生物网络揭示了土壤微生物群落间的相互作用与共现模式,这些模式可能会影响土壤微生物群落间的构造与组成。共现网络分析显示,根瘤内细菌群落结构相比于根际而言更为单一,但根瘤有益菌属与Rhizobium之间存在较高的正相关关系,例如BradyrhizobiumStreptomycesSphingomonasDevosia等菌属[32]。通过PICRUSt2功能预测分析,发现不同菜豆根际中细菌的主要功能会随着细菌群落组成、结构及多样性的改变而改变。在菜豆根际中,富集了与氨基酸、脂质代谢、合成次生代谢产物等功能有关的细菌,它们能增加土壤养分有效性,引起植物有机物的合成、运输与积累,从而促进植物的生长[33]。此外,根际细菌产生的次生代谢产物在促进植物生长和保护植物健康方面发挥着重要作用,例如通过产生植物激素促进植物的生长和发育,产生抗生素、病原体抑制酶和挥发性化合物来保护植物免受病原体入侵[34]。同时,菜豆根际中富集了较多的与同化和异化硝酸盐还原相关的基因,而与硝化作用有关的基因丰度较低,在根瘤中主要富集了固氮相关基因nifDnifHnifK,这些基因有利于土壤氮素的固定[35],为提升氮代谢效率奠定了基础。
豆类作物是农业系统中的重要组成部分,与其共生的根瘤菌能够将环境中的氨气转化为作物可利用的氮,有效的根瘤菌-植物共生能减少豆类种植过程中对化学肥料的需求[36]。我们通过平板划线法分离到的11株菌均属于Rhizobium,无氮蛭石盆栽试验表明,不同的根瘤菌株对菜豆地上和地下部分呈现出不同的促生效果(图7),这与不同根瘤菌对海南主栽菜用大豆品种的促生效果类似[37]。Aguilar等[38]研究发现,菜豆种皮上携带有根瘤菌,根瘤菌也通过附着在菜豆种子上进行传播[38]。本研究发现,空白对照植株根部也形成了根瘤,这可能与菜豆种皮携带的根瘤菌有关。
16S rRNA基因扩增子测序技术揭示了不同生育期的2种菜豆品种根际细菌群落存在差异,同时根瘤与根际的细菌群落组成也存在较大差异。菜豆根瘤中的优势菌门为Pseudomonadota,优势菌属为Rhizobium,该菌属同样在根际富集,2种菜豆的根际中还特异性富集了SphingomonasBurkholderia等有益菌属。2种菜豆根际均富集了与氮、磷循环和氮代谢相关的功能基因。
通过分离纯化获得了11株根瘤菌,其中R. etli GLJ10显著增加了紫冠菜豆地下部分干重;R. etli GLZ1和R. changzhiense GLJ12则显著增加了巨冠菜豆地下部分干重,而R. lusitanum NZ5对菜豆地上和地下生物量均有显著的促进效果。8株根瘤菌显著增加了紫冠菜豆结瘤数;3株根瘤菌处理显著增加了巨冠菜豆结瘤数。综上所述,不同生育期的菜豆会影响其根际细菌群落的组成,并且不同的根瘤菌对菜豆的促生效果不同。
  • 黑龙江省自然科学基金(JQ2023D001)
  • 黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费(145309401)
  • 黑龙江省省属本科高校 “优秀青年教师基础研究支持计划”(YQJH2023099)
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240566
  • 接收时间:2024-09-14
  • 首发时间:2026-02-05
  • 出版时间:2025-02-04
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-14
  • 录用日期:2024-10-29
基金
Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(JQ2023D001)
黑龙江省自然科学基金(JQ2023D001)
Heilongjiang Provincial Colleges and Universities Basic Scientific Research Business Fund(145309401)
黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费(145309401)
Heilongjiang Provincial Undergraduate Colleges and Universities “Outstanding Young Teachers Basic Research Support Program”(YQJH2023099)
黑龙江省省属本科高校 “优秀青年教师基础研究支持计划”(YQJH2023099)
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    1 齐齐哈尔大学 生命科学与农林学院,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔
    2 黑龙江省农业微生物制剂产业化技术创新中心,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔
    3 黑龙江省农用生物制剂产业化协同创新中心,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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