Article(id=1226136783306535176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226136782408954119, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250689, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1757260800000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1761062400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-10-22, onlineDate=1770263389659, onlineDateStr=2026-02-05, pubDate=1770134400000, pubDateStr=2026-02-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770263389659, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770263389659, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770263389659, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226136782408954119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='2', pageStart='481', pageEnd='955', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770263389446, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770268138976, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226156703490683529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226136782408954119, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226156703490683530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1226136782408954119, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=867, endPage=880, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226136785550487839, articleId=1226136783306535176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=cAMP receptor protein enhances Acinetobacter baumannii virulence by regulating cas3 expression, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To investigate the regulatory effect of the cAMP receptor protein (CRP), a transcription factor in Acinetobacter baumannii, on the cas3 gene. [Methods] CRP was expressed and purified via a prokaryotic expression system. EMSA was employed to examine CRP binding to the cas3 promoter. qPCR was conducted to evaluate the regulatory effect of CRP on cas3 expression. To further confirm the regulatory function of CRP, we constructed a mutant strain Δcrp. The impact of crp deletion on A. baumannii virulence was then analyzed via the biofilm formation assay, adhesion and invasion assays with A549 cells, a Galleria mellonella model, and a murine model of bacterial infection. [Results] EMSA demonstrated that CRP specifically bound to the cas3 promoter. The qPCR results showed that cas3 transcription was downregulated (P<0.001) in Δcrp. Compared with the wild-type strain, Δcrp exhibited no significant difference in growth capacity but enhanced biofilm formation (P<0.001) as well as strengthened adhesion (P=0.003<0.050) and invasion (P<0.001) in A549 cells. Furthermore, Δcrp demonstrated a markedly increased lethality rate in G. mellonella within 72 h. Furthermore, the murine infection experiment revealed that Δcrp possessed higher colonization capacity in the lungs than the wild-type strain (P<0.001). [Conclusion] CRP acts as a transcriptional activator that directly binds to the cas3 promoter to activate its transcription, thereby attenuating the virulence and pathogenicity of A. baumannii.

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Tel: +86-514-87978860, E-mail:
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【目的】 探究鲍曼不动杆菌转录调控因子cAMP受体结合蛋白(cAMP receptor protein, CRP)对cas3基因的功能调控作用。 【方法】 利用原核表达系统表达并纯化CRP蛋白,采用电泳迁移率变动分析(electrophoretic mobility shift assay, EMSA)实验探究CRP对cas3启动子的结合作用,并通过qPCR明确CRP对cas3基因的调控作用。为进一步确认CRP对cas3的功能调控作用,构建Δcrp突变株,通过生物被膜实验、黏附侵袭实验、大蜡螟毒力实验以及小鼠细菌感染模型分析crp对鲍曼不动杆菌毒力的影响。 【结果】 EMSA实验表明CRP蛋白可与cas3基因启动子特异性结合;qPCR结果表明,Δcrp突变株cas3转录水平显著下降(P<0.001)。与野生株相比,Δcrp突变株在生长能力方面无明显差异,但生物被膜形成能力显著增强(P<0.001),对A549细胞的黏附(P=0.003<0.050)和侵袭(P<0.001)能力也明显增强。Δcrp突变株在72 h内对大蜡螟的致死率显著提高,且小鼠感染实验结果表明,Δcrp突变株在肺部的定殖能力显著高于野生株(P<0.001)。 【结论】 CRP作为一种转录激活因子,可直接结合cas3启动子并激活其转录表达,进而降低鲍曼不动杆菌的毒力和致病性。

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作者贡献声明

黄佳媛:设计并执行实验,分析数据和撰写论文;黄心悦:辅助实验操作;於亭:参与设计实验;袁文杰:参与分析数据;陈平:参与图表绘制;胡健:参与论文讨论;谢军:参与修改论文;李国才:指导设计实验,修改论文。

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A: PCR and double enzyme digestion identification of pET30a-CRP (Lane M: DL12000 DNA marker; Lane 1: PCR negative control; Lane 2: PCR identification result of recombinant plasmid; Lane 3: Double enzyme digestion identification result of recombinant plasmid); B: Expression identification of CRP protein (Lane M: Protein marker; Lane C: Uninduced recombinant bacteria; Lane S: Supernatant after induction; Lane I: Precipitate after induction); C: Purification of CRP protein (Lane M: Protein marker; Lane 1: Flow-through; Lane 2: Lysate; Lane 3: Wash solution; Lanes 4-9: Elution solution; Lane 10: Lysate); D: Western blotting of CRP protein (Lane M: Protein marker; Lane 1: Purified protein; Lane 2: Negative control)., figureFileSmall=ExDSQ040E+YYN+fhWKJtBw==, figureFileBig=n+/MplBBkcf4jUfiKwr56A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195556733727173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136783306535176, language=CN, label=图1, caption=CRP蛋白的表达纯化及Western blotting验证。A:重组质粒pET30a-CRP的PCR及双酶切鉴定(泳道M:DL12000 DNA marker;泳道1:PCR阴性对照;泳道2:重组质粒PCR鉴定结果;泳道3:重组质粒双酶切鉴定结果);B:CRP蛋白的表达鉴定(泳道M:蛋白marker;泳道C:未诱导重组菌;泳道S:诱导后的上清;泳道I:诱导后的沉淀);C:CRP蛋白的纯化(泳道M:蛋白marker;泳道1:流穿液;泳道2:裂解液;泳道3:洗涤液;泳道4-9:洗脱液;泳道10:裂解液);D:CRP蛋白的Western blotting (泳道M:蛋白marker;泳道1:纯化后的蛋白;泳道2:阴性对照)。, figureFileSmall=ExDSQ040E+YYN+fhWKJtBw==, figureFileBig=n+/MplBBkcf4jUfiKwr56A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195556905693650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136783306535176, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=EMSA was used to detect the binding of CRP protein to the cas3 promoter. The cas3 probe was a Cy5-labeled fluorescent probe, and the amount added to each lane was 0.1 pmol/L; Lanes 1-5: The loading amounts of CRP protein were 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 µmol/L; Lanes 6 and 7: 50-fold and 80-fold cold probes were added on the basis of lane 5., figureFileSmall=DGMbX70/YnYlCJxGNYYXEg==, figureFileBig=kwIIuFKOwa4CFaf+78ts8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195557077660126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136783306535176, language=CN, label=图2, caption=EMSA检测CRP蛋白与 cas3 启动子的结合情况。cas3探针为Cy5标记的荧光探针,各个泳道加入量均为0.1 pmol/L;泳道1-5:CRP蛋白上样量分别为0、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.5 µmol/L;泳道6、7:在泳道5的基础上加入50倍、80倍的冷探针。, figureFileSmall=DGMbX70/YnYlCJxGNYYXEg==, figureFileBig=kwIIuFKOwa4CFaf+78ts8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195557237043691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136783306535176, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Identification of the Δcrp mutant strain and the Δcrp/pcrp complemented strain. A: Amplification of the upstream and downstream homologous arms of the crp gene, the kanamycin resistance gene fragment, and the fusion fragment (Lane M: DL2000 DNA marker; Lane 1: Upstream homologous arm; Lane 2: Downstream homologous arm; Lane 3: Kanamycin resistance fragment; Lane 4: Fusion fragment); B: Identification of AB43Δcrp::Kan (Lane M: DL2000 DNA marker; Lane 1: PCR identification of AB43Δcrp::Kan); C: Identification of AB43Δcrp (Lane M: DL2000 DNA marker; Lane 1: Elimination of kanamycin resistance; Lane 2: Negative control; Lane 3: Positive control of pAT03 plasmid; Lane 4: Elimination of pAT03 plasmid; Lane 5: Negative control; Lane 6: Original crp gene; Lane 7: Elimination of crp gene; Lane 8: Elimination of pAT04 plasmid; Lane 9: Positive control of pAT04 plasmid); D: Identification of the complemented plasmid (Lane M: DL12000 DNA marker; Lane 1: PCR identification result of the recombinant complemented plasmid; Lane 2: Double enzyme digestion identification result of the recombinant complemented plasmid)., figureFileSmall=So/euH/6a+y+UIyWGtmG3w==, figureFileBig=VixulFD9XEPiLUCJBFR5BA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195557375455734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136783306535176, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Δcrp 突变株及Δcrp/pcrp 回补株的鉴定。A:crp基因上、下游同源臂、卡那抗性基因片段及融合片段扩增(泳道M:DL2000 DNA marker;泳道1:上游同源臂;泳道2:下游同源臂;泳道3:卡那抗性片段;泳道4:融合片段);B:AB43Δcrp::Kan的鉴定(泳道M:DL2000 DNA marker;泳道1:AB43Δcrp::Kan PCR鉴定);C:AB43Δcrp的鉴定(泳道M:DL2000 DNA marker;泳道1:卡那抗性消除;泳道2:阴性对照;泳道3:pAT03质粒阳性对照;泳道4:pAT03质粒消除;泳道5:阴性对照;泳道6:crp原基因;泳道7:crp基因消除;泳道8:pAT04质粒消除;泳道9:pAT04质粒阳性对照);D:回补质粒的鉴定(泳道M:DL12000 DNA marker;泳道1:重组回补质粒PCR鉴定结果;泳道2:重组回补质粒双酶切鉴定结果)。, figureFileSmall=So/euH/6a+y+UIyWGtmG3w==, figureFileBig=VixulFD9XEPiLUCJBFR5BA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195557522256378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136783306535176, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=qPCR detection of the transcription levels of the crp and cas3 gene in the AB43, Δcrp mutant, and Δcrp/pcrp complemented strain. A: Transcription level of the crp gene; B: Transcription level of the cas3 gene., figureFileSmall=EyR0mq7j+01XDGi+al2OjA==, figureFileBig=Ek2VKJ4sq6MVbN7Qpt1ZFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195557622919685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136783306535176, language=CN, label=图4, caption=qPCR检测AB43Δcrp 突变株及Δcrp/pcrp 回补株中 crpcas3 基因的转录水平。A:crp基因的转录水平;B:cas3基因的转录水平。, figureFileSmall=EyR0mq7j+01XDGi+al2OjA==, figureFileBig=Ek2VKJ4sq6MVbN7Qpt1ZFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195557744554511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136783306535176, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Growth curves of the AB43 wild-type strain, the Δcrp mutant strain, and the Δcrp/pcrp complemented strain., figureFileSmall=JmeOCxwXwtZgRL+c3egF1g==, figureFileBig=TzfXF4Jviem/kXznLnFINw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195559229338135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136783306535176, language=CN, label=图5, caption=AB43野生株、Δcrp 突变株以及Δcrp/pcrp 回补株的生长曲线, figureFileSmall=JmeOCxwXwtZgRL+c3egF1g==, figureFileBig=TzfXF4Jviem/kXznLnFINw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195559455830559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136783306535176, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Detection of biofilm formation ability of the AB43 wild-type strain, Δcrp mutant strain, and Δcrp/pcrp complemented strain (n=3)., figureFileSmall=yx84UcY1ZuLQ4vHNh1Abww==, figureFileBig=MA3L5USWj6JJ9JZVgxqXMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195559598436900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136783306535176, language=CN, label=图6, caption=AB43野生株、Δcrp 突变株以及Δcrp/pcrp 回补株生物被膜形成能力检测(n=3), figureFileSmall=yx84UcY1ZuLQ4vHNh1Abww==, figureFileBig=MA3L5USWj6JJ9JZVgxqXMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195559732654633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136783306535176, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Detection of adhesion and invasion abilities of the AB43 wild-type strain, Δcrp mutant strain, and Δcrp/pcrp complemented strain (n=3). A: Determination of the adhesion ability of each strain to A549 cells; B: Determination of the invasion ability of each strain to A549 cells., figureFileSmall=mOvY9vZQyJ8yk0xuNapMFA==, figureFileBig=nO5f+mKGTtz0b+Cock6oyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195559829123635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136783306535176, language=CN, label=图7, caption=AB43野生株、Δcrp 突变株以及Δcrp/pcrp 回补株黏附侵袭能力检测(n=3)。A:各菌株在A549细胞上的黏附能力测定;B:各菌株在A549细胞上的侵袭能力测定。, figureFileSmall=mOvY9vZQyJ8yk0xuNapMFA==, figureFileBig=nO5f+mKGTtz0b+Cock6oyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195559942369845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136783306535176, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Detection of the viability of A549 cells infected with the AB43 wild-type strain, the Δcrp mutant strain, and the Δcrp/pcrp complemented strain (n=3)., figureFileSmall=FZOYQE1wmfMGGuyqYqID4A==, figureFileBig=Ad8bIUynSIXZ+9hyVEFEIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195560043033146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136783306535176, language=CN, label=图8, caption=AB43野生株、Δcrp 突变株以及Δcrp/pcrp 回补株感染的A549细胞活力检测(n=3), figureFileSmall=FZOYQE1wmfMGGuyqYqID4A==, figureFileBig=Ad8bIUynSIXZ+9hyVEFEIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195560210805312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136783306535176, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Survival rates of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with the AB43 wild-type strain, the Δcrp mutant strain, and the Δcrp/pcrp complemented strain (n=10)., figureFileSmall=WPYgYtjDFbfffgO57APM2Q==, figureFileBig=GIK8a1R/A5Kc4hgj8nexRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195560328245831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136783306535176, language=CN, label=图9, caption=AB43野生株、Δcrp 突变株以及Δcrp/pcrp 回补株感染大蜡螟幼虫的存活率(n=10), figureFileSmall=WPYgYtjDFbfffgO57APM2Q==, figureFileBig=GIK8a1R/A5Kc4hgj8nexRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195560454074959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136783306535176, language=EN, label=Figure 10, caption=Detection of bacterial loads of the AB43 wild-type strain, Δcrp mutant strain, and Δcrp/pcrp complemented strain in mouse lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (n=6). A: Detection of bacterial loads in mouse lungs; B: Detection of bacterial loads in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid., figureFileSmall=S5RNIFtSwRBRbuRW2rAWbw==, figureFileBig=MOdrcOspnBwK5hFWgog7Ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195560554738261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136783306535176, language=CN, label=图10, caption=AB43野生株、Δcrp 突变株以及Δcrp/pcrp 回补株在小鼠肺部以及肺泡灌洗液中荷菌量的检测(n=6)。A:细菌在小鼠肺部中的荷菌量检测;B:细菌在肺泡灌洗液中的荷菌量检测。, figureFileSmall=S5RNIFtSwRBRbuRW2rAWbw==, figureFileBig=MOdrcOspnBwK5hFWgog7Ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226195560693150305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136783306535176, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer namesPrimer sequences (5′→3′)Product length (bp)
Pcas3-FGTACAAGTAATTTTTGAATTCCAATTATTTGGCCTATGGCC297
Pcas3-RGTAGACGGTATCGATAAGCTTCTTTCACTCTCCAAATTTGG
cas3-FGTACAAGTAATTTTTGAATTCCAATTATTTGGCCTATGGCC297
cas3-RGTAGACGGTATCGATAAGCTTCTTTCACTCTCCAAATTTGG
CRP-protein-FGCCATGGCTGATATCGGATCCATGACTTCAAATTTTTCACAACTC708
CRP-protein-RGTGGTGGTGGTGGTGCTCGAGTTATTCTTCGTCATCATAGTC
CRP-up-FAATGCCAGTGTGACCAAG171
CRP-up-RGAGCAAACTTCGGTTTGC
CRP-down-FCACACAAGCTCGAGATGA215
CRP-down-RGCGCAAGGCCAGATTTTT
CRP-k-FGCAAACCGAAGTTTGCTCTTGTGTAGGCTGGAGCTGCTTC1 518
CRP-k-RTCATCTCGAGCTTGTGTGGTCCATATGAATATCCTCCTTAG
CRP-com-FCCCTTTCGTCTTCAAGAATTCAATTTAAGCAGGGTCTGTTG1 122
CRP-com-RTAAACTACCGCATTAAAGCTTTATTCTTCGTCATCATAGTC
16S-RNA-FGTTGTGGCTTTAGGTTTATTATACG
16S-RNA-RAAGTTACTCGACGCAATTCG
q-cas3-FGAATCAAACTTGGGACGAGG
q-cas3-RAACCAAGCAGCTAATTGAGC
), ArticleFig(id=1226195560835756651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1226136783306535176, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用的引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer namesPrimer sequences (5′→3′)Product length (bp)
Pcas3-FGTACAAGTAATTTTTGAATTCCAATTATTTGGCCTATGGCC297
Pcas3-RGTAGACGGTATCGATAAGCTTCTTTCACTCTCCAAATTTGG
cas3-FGTACAAGTAATTTTTGAATTCCAATTATTTGGCCTATGGCC297
cas3-RGTAGACGGTATCGATAAGCTTCTTTCACTCTCCAAATTTGG
CRP-protein-FGCCATGGCTGATATCGGATCCATGACTTCAAATTTTTCACAACTC708
CRP-protein-RGTGGTGGTGGTGGTGCTCGAGTTATTCTTCGTCATCATAGTC
CRP-up-FAATGCCAGTGTGACCAAG171
CRP-up-RGAGCAAACTTCGGTTTGC
CRP-down-FCACACAAGCTCGAGATGA215
CRP-down-RGCGCAAGGCCAGATTTTT
CRP-k-FGCAAACCGAAGTTTGCTCTTGTGTAGGCTGGAGCTGCTTC1 518
CRP-k-RTCATCTCGAGCTTGTGTGGTCCATATGAATATCCTCCTTAG
CRP-com-FCCCTTTCGTCTTCAAGAATTCAATTTAAGCAGGGTCTGTTG1 122
CRP-com-RTAAACTACCGCATTAAAGCTTTATTCTTCGTCATCATAGTC
16S-RNA-FGTTGTGGCTTTAGGTTTATTATACG
16S-RNA-RAAGTTACTCGACGCAATTCG
q-cas3-FGAATCAAACTTGGGACGAGG
q-cas3-RAACCAAGCAGCTAATTGAGC
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鲍曼不动杆菌CRP蛋白通过调控 cas3 基因表达增强细菌毒力的机制
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黄佳媛 1 , 黄心悦 1 , 於亭 2 , 袁文杰 2 , 陈平 3 , 胡健 4 , 谢军 3 , 李国才 1, 5, 6
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(2): 867-880
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026, 66(2): 867-880
鲍曼不动杆菌CRP蛋白通过调控 cas3 基因表达增强细菌毒力的机制
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黄佳媛1, 黄心悦1, 於亭2, 袁文杰2, 陈平3, 胡健4, 谢军3, 李国才1, 5, 6
作者信息
  • 1.扬州大学 医学部 基础医学院·公共卫生学院,江苏 扬州
  • 2.扬州大学 医学部 第一临床医学院,江苏 扬州
  • 3.盱眙县人民医院(扬州大学医学部附属盱眙临床学院),江苏 盱眙
  • 4.宜兴市中医医院(扬州大学医学部附属宜兴市中医医院),江苏 宜兴
  • 5.扬州大学广陵学院,江苏 扬州
  • 6.扬州大学,核酸与细胞命运调控省高校重点实验室,江苏 扬州
cAMP receptor protein enhances Acinetobacter baumannii virulence by regulating cas3 expression
Jiayuan HUANG1, Xinyue HUANG1, Ting YU2, Wenjie YUAN2, Ping CHEN3, Jian HU4, Jun XIE3, Guocai LI1, 5, 6
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
  • 2.The First School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
  • 3.Xuyi People’s Hospital (Xuyi Clinical College Affiliated to Faculty of Medicine, Yangzhou University), Xuyi, Jiangsu, China
  • 4.Yixing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Yixing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Faculty of Medicine, Yangzhou University), Yixing, Jiangsu, China
  • 5.Guangling College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
  • 6.The Key Laboratory of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Nucleic Acid & Cell Fate Regulation, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
出版时间: 2026-02-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250689
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【目的】 探究鲍曼不动杆菌转录调控因子cAMP受体结合蛋白(cAMP receptor protein, CRP)对cas3基因的功能调控作用。 【方法】 利用原核表达系统表达并纯化CRP蛋白,采用电泳迁移率变动分析(electrophoretic mobility shift assay, EMSA)实验探究CRP对cas3启动子的结合作用,并通过qPCR明确CRP对cas3基因的调控作用。为进一步确认CRP对cas3的功能调控作用,构建Δcrp突变株,通过生物被膜实验、黏附侵袭实验、大蜡螟毒力实验以及小鼠细菌感染模型分析crp对鲍曼不动杆菌毒力的影响。 【结果】 EMSA实验表明CRP蛋白可与cas3基因启动子特异性结合;qPCR结果表明,Δcrp突变株cas3转录水平显著下降(P<0.001)。与野生株相比,Δcrp突变株在生长能力方面无明显差异,但生物被膜形成能力显著增强(P<0.001),对A549细胞的黏附(P=0.003<0.050)和侵袭(P<0.001)能力也明显增强。Δcrp突变株在72 h内对大蜡螟的致死率显著提高,且小鼠感染实验结果表明,Δcrp突变株在肺部的定殖能力显著高于野生株(P<0.001)。 【结论】 CRP作为一种转录激活因子,可直接结合cas3启动子并激活其转录表达,进而降低鲍曼不动杆菌的毒力和致病性。

鲍曼不动杆菌  /  cAMP受体结合蛋白  /  cas3  /  毒力

[Objective] To investigate the regulatory effect of the cAMP receptor protein (CRP), a transcription factor in Acinetobacter baumannii, on the cas3 gene. [Methods] CRP was expressed and purified via a prokaryotic expression system. EMSA was employed to examine CRP binding to the cas3 promoter. qPCR was conducted to evaluate the regulatory effect of CRP on cas3 expression. To further confirm the regulatory function of CRP, we constructed a mutant strain Δcrp. The impact of crp deletion on A. baumannii virulence was then analyzed via the biofilm formation assay, adhesion and invasion assays with A549 cells, a Galleria mellonella model, and a murine model of bacterial infection. [Results] EMSA demonstrated that CRP specifically bound to the cas3 promoter. The qPCR results showed that cas3 transcription was downregulated (P<0.001) in Δcrp. Compared with the wild-type strain, Δcrp exhibited no significant difference in growth capacity but enhanced biofilm formation (P<0.001) as well as strengthened adhesion (P=0.003<0.050) and invasion (P<0.001) in A549 cells. Furthermore, Δcrp demonstrated a markedly increased lethality rate in G. mellonella within 72 h. Furthermore, the murine infection experiment revealed that Δcrp possessed higher colonization capacity in the lungs than the wild-type strain (P<0.001). [Conclusion] CRP acts as a transcriptional activator that directly binds to the cas3 promoter to activate its transcription, thereby attenuating the virulence and pathogenicity of A. baumannii.

Acinetobacter baumannii  /  cAMP receptor protein  /  cas3  /  virulence
黄佳媛, 黄心悦, 於亭, 袁文杰, 陈平, 胡健, 谢军, 李国才. 鲍曼不动杆菌CRP蛋白通过调控 cas3 基因表达增强细菌毒力的机制. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (2) : 867 -880 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250689
Jiayuan HUANG, Xinyue HUANG, Ting YU, Wenjie YUAN, Ping CHEN, Jian HU, Jun XIE, Guocai LI. cAMP receptor protein enhances Acinetobacter baumannii virulence by regulating cas3 expression[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (2) : 867 -880 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250689
鲍曼不动杆菌(Acinetobacter baumannii)是一种非发酵型革兰氏阴性杆菌,具有极强的环境适应能力,可广泛存在于自然界和医院环境中,进而增加患者感染风险[1-2]。该菌能引发肺炎、菌血症、脑膜炎、伤口感染以及泌尿系统感染等多种人类疾病[3],其中菌血症和肺炎最为常见,且其并发症发生率和死亡率较高[4]。在全球范围内约45%的鲍曼不动杆菌分离株呈现多重耐药特性[2],拉丁美洲和中东地区的情况更为严峻,多重耐药感染率高达70%[5]。鲍曼不动杆菌如此高的多重耐药率给全球公共卫生安全带来了巨大挑战[6-7]
CRISPR-Cas系统是细菌的一种获得性免疫系统[8],其主要功能是抵御噬菌体、质粒等外源遗传物质的入侵[9]。该系统由CRISPR序列、前导序列和CRISPR相关基因组成。CRISPR序列由一系列短的重复序列和间隔序列交替排列形成,重复序列长度一般在20-50 bp之间,具有特定的二级结构,能够被Cas蛋白识别和结合;间隔序列来源于曾入侵过细菌的外源DNA片段,这些片段如同“记忆标签”,记录着细菌所遭遇的外源威胁。当外源遗传物质再次入侵时CRISPR-Cas系统会被激活,CRISPR序列转录生成CRISPR RNA (crRNA),crRNA与Cas蛋白结合形成复合物,凭借间隔序列与外源DNA的互补配对,引导复合物准确识别并切割外源DNA,从而保护细菌免受感染[10]
根据Cas蛋白的组成,目前CRISPR-Cas系统分为两大类:Class 1和Class 2,Class 1包括Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型,Class 2包含Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ型[11]。I型CRISPR-Cas系统在细菌中分布最为广泛,I-F型CRISPR-Cas系统是鲍曼不动杆菌中存在的主要类型,其中I-Fb亚型分布最为广泛[12],由csy1csy2csy3csy4cas1cas3基因组成。其中,cas3基因是Ⅰ型CRISPR-Cas系统中的关键基因,它编码一种具有独立解旋酶和脱氧核糖核酸酶活性的蛋白,负责对外源DNA进行切割降解[13]
在鲍曼不动杆菌中,尽管CRISPR-Cas系统可抵御外源核酸入侵并限制耐药基因获取,但其活性受多重因素制约。近年来研究发现,CRISPR-Cas系统的稳定性受到调控因子的精密调控。其中,CRP是一种广泛存在于细菌中的全局调节因子,参与细菌多种生理过程的调控,如碳源代谢、生物被膜形成、毒力因子表达等[14]。然而,关于CRP在鲍曼不动杆菌中的具体功能,尤其是对CRISPR-Cas系统的调控作用目前尚不清楚。因此,本研究旨在深入探究转录调控因子CRP在鲍曼不动杆菌中对cas3基因的调控作用及其对细菌毒力的影响。
鲍曼不动杆菌AB43野生株[15] (NCBI登录号为CP083181.1),pET-30a质粒(卡那霉素抗性,携带His标签的蛋白表达载体)、pAT03质粒(氨苄青霉素抗性,带有FLP位点的PMMB67EH质粒,用于消除卡那抗性基因)、pAT04质粒(四环素抗性,带有RecAb重组系统的PMMB67EH质粒,用于同源重组)、pKD4质粒(卡那霉素抗性,用于扩增含有FRT位点的卡那片段)[16]、pBRAB质粒(氨苄青霉素抗性,携带含有质粒pWH1266复制起点的pBR322-Tac质粒,用于回补载体构建)均为实验室保存。肺癌人类肺泡基底上皮细胞A549为本实验室保存。18只8周龄SPF级BALB/c雌鼠由扬州大学比较医学中心提供。40只大蜡螟(300 mg)购自天津惠裕德生物科技有限公司。本研究中所有动物实验均获得扬州大学动物伦理委员会的批准,编号为YXYLL-2023-061。
2×KeyPo SE Master Mix、FastPure Plasmid Mini Kit、FastPure Gel DNA Extraction Mini Kit,南京诺唯赞生物科技股份公司;BamH I、Xho I、EcoR I、Hind III限制性核酸内切酶、TaKaRa MiniBEST Bacteria Genomic DNA Extraction Kit v3.0、Cy5标记的引物,TaKaRa公司;Seamless Cloning Kit,上海碧云天生物技术股份有限公司;SteadyPure RNA提取试剂盒、Evo M-MLV Plus cDNA合成试剂盒、SYBR Green SupTaq HS预混型qPCR试剂盒,湖南艾科瑞生物工程有限公司;1640细胞培养基、胰酶、胎牛血清,镇江维根生物科技有限公司;NaCl、胰蛋白胨、酵母粉、NaH2PO4、imidazde、HEPES、DTT、Tween-20、(NH4)2SO4、KCl、EDTA,北京索莱宝科技有限公司;6×His Tag Recombinant Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [A5D1-R],杭州华安生物技术有限公司。
LB液体培养基(g/L):NaCl 10.0,胰蛋白胨10.0,酵母粉5.0。非变性裂解液(mmol/L):NaH2PO4 50,NaCl 300,pH 8.0。非变性洗涤液(mmol/L):NaH2PO4 50,NaCl 300,imidazde 25,pH 8.0。非变性洗脱液(mmol/L):NaH2PO4 500,NaCl 300,imidazde 250,pH 8.0。5×EMSA结合缓冲液(mmol/L):HEPES 100,DTT 5,Tween-20 1%,(NH4)2SO4 50,KCl 150,EDTA 5。
本研究所使用的引物序列见表1
将AB43野生株四区划线于无抗的LB平板上,37 ℃培养过夜,挑取单菌落接至无抗的LB液体培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养12 h,按照TaKaRa MiniBEST Bacteria Genomic DNA Extraction Kit v3.0提取AB43基因组DNA。
使用Seamless Cloning Kit (无缝克隆试剂盒)构建pET30a-CRP重组质粒,鉴定正确后将质粒转化进E. coli BL21(DE3)感受态中,将CRP蛋白表达菌培养至OD600值为0.6-0.8时加入IPTG使其终浓度为1 mmol/L,诱导6 h后4 ℃、8 000 r/min离心6 min收集菌沉淀。加入非变性裂解液重悬菌体,4 ℃超声破碎,超声功率为350 W,超声时间为40 min (超5 s停5 s)。超声结束后,分离上清和沉淀,使用SDS-PAGE检测CRP蛋白的表达情况。
将离心后的上清(可溶性CRP蛋白表达于上清中)加入混合均匀的50% BeyoGoldTM His-tag Purification Resin (耐还原螯合剂),放置于4 ℃混匀仪上混匀30 min。将混合液体倒入亲和层析柱,在重力作用下使柱内液体流出,连续反复过柱3次后,加入10倍柱体积的非变性洗涤液洗去杂蛋白;最后加入非变性洗脱液洗脱目的蛋白。将洗脱液加入至透析袋中置于PBS中进行透析去除咪唑,最后浓缩置于-80 ℃保存。
纯化后的CRP蛋白与4×loading buffer混合均匀后上样进行电泳分离,然后转印至NC膜上,5%脱脂牛奶室温封闭2 h,TBST洗涤3次。与稀释的一抗His标签抗体(1:5 000)于4 ℃过夜孵育,TBST洗膜3次,1:5 000稀释的HRP标记的鼠二抗室温孵育2 h,洗膜3次后滴加显影液,使用成像仪显影。
以AB43基因组为模板,使用Cy5标记的引物Pcas3-F/R进行PCR扩增。PCR反应体系(25 μL):2×KeyPo SE Master Mix 12.5 µL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各1 µL,DNA模板0.5 µL,ddH2O 10 µL。PCR反应条件:94 ℃预变性2 min;98 ℃变性10 s,58 ℃退火30 s,68 ℃延伸30 s,共35个循环。切胶纯化后获得Cy5荧光标记的cas3启动子探针。以AB43为模板,使用不带Cy5标记的引物cas3-F/R扩增获得冷探针。将CRP蛋白、EMSA结合缓冲液与探针于25 ℃条件下温浴30 min后,加入上样缓冲液,并在6%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上进行电泳(4 ℃、100 V电泳2 h),使用光谱成像系统可视化结合带。
以AB43全基因组为模板,分别对目的基因上、下游同源臂进行扩增。以pKD4质粒为模板对卡那片段进行扩增。胶回收目的片段后,以上、下游同源臂以及卡那片段为模板,利用引物CRP-up-F和CRP-down-R进行PCR扩增,并切胶回收以获得融合片段。
使用RecA同源重组技术将目的基因从鲍曼不动杆菌AB43中敲除。将已有的AB43-pAT04感受态与融合片段混合,冰上孵育15 min后使用电转仪进行电击,立即加入至LB培养基中,并加入IPTG,37 ℃、200 r/min培养4 h,菌液离心重悬后涂布至含卡那抗性的LB平板上静置培养24 h,使用PCR筛选阳性菌落。将pAT03质粒电转至AB43Δcrp::Kan感受态中,筛选阳性菌落,在LB平板上传代直至pAT03、pAT04质粒以及卡那片段完全消除。
使用无缝克隆法构建回补质粒pBRAB-crp,将回补质粒电转至Δcrp缺失株中,PCR鉴定的阳性菌株即为回补菌株Δcrp/pcrp
使用SteadyPure RNA提取试剂盒提取细菌总RNA,并利用Evo M-MLV Plus cDNA合成试剂盒获得细菌cDNA。使用实时荧光定量PCR仪进行qPCR。以16S rRNA基因为内参基因,并使用2-ΔΔCt法计算基因的转录水平。
分别挑取AB43、Δcrp及Δcrp/pcrp单克隆接种于LB液体培养基中,37 ℃、200 r/min培养,将菌液OD600调至0.5后,按1:100稀释,取200 μL菌液加入96孔板中,使用酶标仪前12 h每隔1 h测定OD595值,后12 h每隔2 h检测,持续检测24 h。以时间为横坐标,OD595为纵坐标绘制生长曲线。
分别挑取AB43、Δcrp及Δcrp/pcrp单克隆接种于LB液体培养基中37 ℃、200 r/min培养,将菌液OD600调至0.5后,按1:100稀释后取200 μL菌液加入96孔板中,于37 ℃静置培养24 h。24 h后,弃掉菌液,每孔加入0.4%的多聚甲醛固定30 min,随后使用PBS洗涤3遍并加入200 μL 1%结晶紫染色10 min,弃掉滤液,使用PBS洗涤3遍后晾干,最后加入95%乙醇洗脱30 min,使用酶标仪检测570 nm处的吸光值。
参考文献[17],将A549细胞以1×105个/孔均匀铺于24孔细胞培养板中,培养至细胞贴壁。将AB43、Δcrp及Δcrp/pcrp新鲜菌液以MOI值为100:1感染细胞3 h,使细菌充分黏附和侵袭。弃掉上清液,使用无菌PBS清洗3遍洗去胞外未结合细菌,再加入1 mL含0.1% Triton X-100的PBS裂解细胞15 min以释放胞内细菌,倍比稀释利用LB平板进行活菌计数,获得细菌黏附和侵袭总数(total)。
将AB43、Δcrp及Δcrp/pcrp新鲜菌液以MOI值为100:1感染细胞培养3 h后,PBS清洗3遍,每孔加入1 mL含有50 µg/mL多黏菌素B的PBS,在37 ℃细胞培养箱中共同孵育15 min以杀灭细胞外结合的细菌,随后再加入1 mL含0.1% Triton X-100的PBS裂解细胞15 min以释放胞内细菌,倍比稀释利用LB平板进行活菌计数获得细菌侵袭数(invasion),计算如公式(1)所示。
黏附数=侵袭总数-侵袭数
将A549细胞以1×104个/孔均匀铺于96孔细胞培养板中,加入AB43、Δcrp及Δcrp/pcrp新鲜菌液以MOI值为10:1感染细胞培养24 h后,弃去上清,对应孔板中加入10 µL CCK8溶液,37 ℃孵育1 h,使用酶标仪检测450 nm处的吸光值。
将40只大蜡螟分为4组,每组10只,分别为PBS组、AB43组、Δcrp组及Δcrp/pcrp组。使用PBS将新鲜菌液稀释至1×108 CFU/mL,使用胰岛素注射器取10 µL稀释好的菌液,以大蜡螟第二对后足为注射点进行注射,将注射后的大蜡螟置于37 ℃培养箱,每12 h记录大蜡螟的死亡情况,采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制大蜡螟生存曲线[18]
将18只小鼠分成3组,每组6只,分别为AB43组、Δcrp组及Δcrp/pcrp组。参考文献[19],选用8周龄BALB/c雌性小鼠,在感染前3 d每只小鼠腹腔注射150 mg/kg的环磷酰胺,感染前1 d每只小鼠腹腔注射100 mg/kg的环磷酰胺。使用气管插管的方法给麻醉后的小鼠灌入细菌,每只小鼠的细菌接种量为3.0×108 CFU/mL。感染24 h后,取肺泡灌洗液以及小鼠肺部进行载菌量计数。
利用GraphPad Prism 9.5中的单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)对数据进行分析,采用log-rank检验对生长曲线进行分析。实验结果以平均值±标准误(mean±SEM)格式表示(ns:P>0.05;*:P<0.05;**:P<0.01;***:P<0.001)。
重组质粒pET30a-CRP经PCR鉴定可得到与目的片段大小一致的片段,使用BamH Ⅰ和Xho Ⅰ进行双酶切可得到约5 400 bp和708 bp的2个片段(图1A),且测序结果与目的片段一致,表明重组质粒构建正确。
使用IPTG诱导CRP蛋白表达,诱导产物经SDS-PAGE结果显示,约在35 kDa处出现目的条带,与预期大小一致。该蛋白主要在上清中表达,且在不同温度诱导下表达量并无明显变化(图1B)。破碎后的上清通过镍柱进行纯化,经镍柱纯化后的蛋白纯度明显升高(图1C)。取浓度较高的蛋白进行透析浓缩,经Western blotting鉴定,其与预期蛋白大小一致(图1D)。
使用波长为650 nm的激发光激发荧光,结果(图2)显示在泳道1中只加入带有Cy5荧光探针标记的cas3启动子片段并未有阻滞条带,泳道2-5中随着CRP蛋白加入量不断增加,阻滞现象逐渐增强。泳道6-7在泳道5体系的基础上分别加入荧光探针50倍和80倍的冷探针以竞争结合蛋白,发现阻滞条带消失,排除了探针与蛋白的非特异性结合的可能。上述表明CRP蛋白可以直接结合于cas3启动子区域。
以AB43基因组为模板扩增crp基因上、下游同源臂,分别为171 bp和215 bp。以pKD4质粒扩增卡那抗性片段,为1 518 bp。融合后获得约1 868 bp片段(图3A)。利用RecA同源重组技术,用卡那抗性基因替换AB43的crp基因,使用引物CRP-up-F/CRP-down-R进行PCR鉴定证实替换成功(图3B)。随后消除卡那抗性片段及辅助质粒pAT03/pAT04 (图3C),成功获得AB43Δcrp突变株。
使用无缝克隆试剂盒构建pBRAB-crp回补质粒。使用PCR及双酶切鉴定,PCR扩增片段大小为1 122 bp,使用EcoR Ⅰ和Hind III双酶切可以得到约8 000 bp、1 122 bp的2个片段(图3D)。将回补质粒电转入AB43Δcrp突变株中获得Δcrp/pcrp回补株。
使用qPCR技术检测AB43野生株、Δcrp突变株及Δcrp/pcrp回补株中crp基因的转录情况(图4A),在Δcrp突变株中crp基因不转录而在Δcrp/pcrp回补株中crp基因的转录情况已恢复至野生株水平,两者之间差异无统计学意义。这表明Δcrp突变株及Δcrp/pcrp回补株已成功构建。
为了明确crpcas3的调控作用,使用qPCR技术检测AB43野生株、Δcrp突变株及Δcrp/pcrp回补株中cas3基因的转录情况。结果显示(图4B),crp基因敲除后,cas3基因表达明显下降(P<0.001),将crp基因回补至敲除株后,cas3基因转录水平与AB43野生株一致。因此,crp基因可以激活cas3的转录表达。
在LB培养基中测定AB43野生株、Δcrp突变株以及Δcrp/pcrp回补株的24 h生长曲线。与野生株相比,Δcrp突变株的生长无明显差异(图5),表明crp基因的缺失不影响AB43菌株的正常生长。
利用结晶紫染色法对AB43野生株、Δcrp突变株以及Δcrp/pcrp回补株的生物被膜形成能力进行检测。结果显示(图6),Δcrp突变株生物被膜形成能力增强(P<0.001),AB43野生株以及Δcrp/pcrp回补株之间无明显差异。
细菌黏附侵袭能力是判断细菌致病性强弱的重要指标,以A549细胞为模型,评估crp基因缺失对鲍曼不动杆菌黏附侵袭能力的影响。结果表明,Δcrp突变株侵袭力和黏附能力明显升高,Δcrp/pcrp回补株的侵袭黏附能力也恢复至野生株的水平(图7)。上述结果表明,crp基因缺失增强了鲍曼不动杆菌的黏附侵袭能力。
为了探究crp基因对细胞增殖的影响,使用AB43野生株、Δcrp突变株以及Δcrp/pcrp回补株感染A549细胞,利用CCK8法检测细胞活力。结果表明(图8),Δcrp突变株感染细胞后细胞活力下降(P<0.05)。这表明crp基因缺失对A549细胞的杀伤作用增强。
大蜡螟感染细菌模型是一种成本较低、重复性较好的体内感染模型。以大蜡螟为模型,评估crp基因对鲍曼不动杆菌毒力的影响。结果表明,Δcrp感染以后大蜡螟死亡较快,36 h时已全部死亡,而AB43野生株及Δcrp/pcrp回补株72 h时仍旧有约25%的大蜡螟存活(图9)。综上所述,crp基因缺失增加对大蜡螟的致死率。
为了评估AB43野生株、Δcrp突变株以及Δcrp/pcrp回补株在小鼠体内的定殖情况,对小鼠进行气管插管构建小鼠肺部感染模型,在感染24 h以后,取小鼠肺部组织以及肺泡灌洗液测定载菌量。结果表明(图10),Δcrp突变株在小鼠肺部定殖能力显著高于AB43野生株,Δcrp突变株在肺泡灌洗液中的载菌量也高于AB43野生株及Δcrp/pcrp回补株,表明crp基因缺失增强了鲍曼不动杆菌在小鼠肺部的定殖能力。
近年来,鲍曼不动杆菌的多重耐药率不断攀升,且能够耐受抗菌药物、氧化压力、营养匮乏等多种不良刺激,在院内感染中展现出强大的生存优势[2]。CRISPR-Cas系统除执行经典的适应性免疫功能外,还可调控细菌的其他生理功能,如生物被膜形成和群体感应信号传导等[20]。该系统为细菌耐药治疗构筑了一道屏障[21]。因此,专注于研究CRISPR-Cas系统并深入挖掘其调控机制将有助于充分运用该系统的功能,为抗生素研发提供更多潜在靶点。本研究挖掘了CRISPR-Cas系统的上游转录调控因子CRP,并阐明了CRP-Cas3信号轴对鲍曼不动杆菌毒力的调控作用。
为探索CRP对CRISPR-Cas系统的调控作用,本研究首先成功表达并纯化了CRP蛋白。EMSA实验证实,CRP蛋白能够与cas3启动子区域特异性结合,这为CRP作为转录因子调控cas3提供了直接证据。结合qPCR结果,Δcrp突变株中cas3基因的转录水平显著下降,进一步证明CRP在鲍曼不动杆菌中作为转录激活因子正向调控cas3基因的表达。在嗜热链球菌中CRP作为转录激活因子激活CRISPR-Cas系统的表达;而在大肠杆菌中CRP则抑制CRISPR-Cas系统的表达[22-24]。CRP对CRISPR-Cas系统的调控作用具有物种特异性和亚型特异性,这可能与CRP结合的DNA位点不同有关[25-26]
为了解CRP-Cas3信号轴对鲍曼不动杆菌生物学功能的影响,本研究比较了AB43野生株、Δcrp突变株以及Δcrp/pcrp回补株在生物被膜形成能力、黏附侵袭能力、大蜡螟感染后的致死率以及小鼠感染后的肺部载菌量等方面的差异。这些结果均表明crp基因缺失增强了鲍曼不动杆菌的毒力。该现象可归因于两条机制:(1) crp缺失导致cas3表达下降,削弱了CRISPR‑Cas系统对外源基因的清除能力。当CRP‑Cas3失活后,外源耐药基因与致病因子更易在基因组中积累,间接提升细菌的多重耐药率和致病性。(2) CRP‑Cas3信号轴的缺失解除了对生物膜以及毒力相关基因的抑制。完整的I‑Fb型CRISPR‑Cas系统在鲍曼不动杆菌中能够调控生物膜形成和毒力基因的表达[15]。当crp缺失导致cas3表达下降时,原本由cas3介导的负向调控被解除,导致生物膜相关基因(如bapompA等)上调,细胞更易在侵入宿主组织或在医用器械表面形成致密的生物膜,从而使细菌的致病性增强。
尽管本研究揭示了CRP-Cas3信号轴在调控鲍曼不动杆菌毒力中的重要作用,但仍存在一些局限性。首先,对于该信号轴在其他环境条件(如不同的营养物质浓度、不同的温度和pH值等)下的调控机制尚未深入探究。其次,虽然本研究初步揭示了crp基因缺失增强鲍曼不动杆菌毒力的机制,但对于CRISPR-Cas系统与其他细菌生理过程之间的复杂网络关系了解还不够全面。
基于上述研究局限性,未来的研究可从以下几个方面展开。一方面,深入研究不同环境因素对CRP-Cas3信号轴调控作用的影响,以更全面地了解该信号轴的功能和调控机制。另一方面,通过多组学技术(如转录组学、蛋白质组学等)系统地分析细菌在不同条件下的基因表达和蛋白质变化,挖掘更多潜在的调控因子和信号通路,开发更具针对性的抗菌策略和药物。
综上所述,crp通过激活cas3基因的转录表达,从而降低拥有Ⅰ-Fb型CRISPR-Cas系统的鲍曼不动杆菌的毒力和致病性。CRP-Cas3调控轴的发现为降低鲍曼不动杆菌毒力以及开发新型抗菌感染疗法提供了新思路。
  • 国家自然科学基金(82373637)
  • 国家自然科学基金(82073611)
  • 国家自然科学基金(82002186)
  • 江苏省自然科学基金(BK20231241)
  • 江苏省卫生健康委科研项目(ZQ2024025)
  • 扬州市科技局社会发展项目(YZ2023104)
  • 无锡市卫生健康委科研项目(M202424)
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2026年第66卷第2期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250689
  • 接收时间:2025-09-08
  • 首发时间:2026-02-05
  • 出版时间:2026-02-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-08
  • 录用日期:2025-10-22
基金
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82373637)
国家自然科学基金(82373637)
国家自然科学基金(82073611)
国家自然科学基金(82002186)
the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20231241)
江苏省自然科学基金(BK20231241)
the Jiangsu Commission of Health Science Foundation(ZQ2024025)
江苏省卫生健康委科研项目(ZQ2024025)
the Yangzhou City Key Research and Development Project(YZ2023104)
扬州市科技局社会发展项目(YZ2023104)
the Wuxi Commission of Health Science Foundation(M202424)
无锡市卫生健康委科研项目(M202424)
作者信息
    1.扬州大学 医学部 基础医学院·公共卫生学院,江苏 扬州
    2.扬州大学 医学部 第一临床医学院,江苏 扬州
    3.盱眙县人民医院(扬州大学医学部附属盱眙临床学院),江苏 盱眙
    4.宜兴市中医医院(扬州大学医学部附属宜兴市中医医院),江苏 宜兴
    5.扬州大学广陵学院,江苏 扬州
    6.扬州大学,核酸与细胞命运调控省高校重点实验室,江苏 扬州
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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