Article(id=1217471090037805389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1217471079325549522, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250532, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1752163200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1758729600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-25, onlineDate=1768197327384, onlineDateStr=2026-01-12, pubDate=1767456000000, pubDateStr=2026-01-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768197327384, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768197327384, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768197327384, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217471079325549522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='475', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768197324830, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768198886678, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217477630291530315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1217471079325549522, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217477630291530316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1217471079325549522, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=335, endPage=351, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217471090285269339, articleId=1217471090037805389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Impacts of pepper hybrid breeding on nutrient dynamics and microbial community structure, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To unravel the mechanism underlying the high-yield performance of hybrid pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) progenies and dissect parent-progeny differences across four interconnected dimensions: plant nutrient accumulation, rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties, microbial community composition, and nutrient metabolism-related functional genes. [Methods] For both parental lines and their hybrid progenies, the yields and the content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in roots, fruits, and rhizosphere soil were determined, alongside rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties. High-throughput sequencing was adopted to analyze the structures of root endophytic and rhizosphere microbial communities, while metagenomic sequencing was used to quantify the abundance differences of genes associated with rhizosphere nutrient metabolism. [Results] Hybrid progenies exhibited a significant yield increase, with the highest yield increase observed in the Z3 line. All hybrids showed elevated K content in fruits, and Z3 specifically achieved transgressive accumulation of N and P in roots. A distinct turnover of the root endophytic microbial community was detected between parents and progenies. In the hybrids, functional genera including Dyella, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, and Trichoderma were enriched, which were significantly correlated with plant nutrient uptake. In terms of rhizosphere soil properties, all hybrids had higher available phosphorus content and lower rhizosphere pH than parental lines. Notably, Z3 possessed unique advantages of high total nitrogen reserve and increased organic matter content in the rhizosphere. Additionally, the abundance of genes related to P and K metabolism was higher in hybrids than in parents, which was particularly prominent in Z3. [Conclusion] The transgressive yields of pepper hybrids is driven by the synergy among the rhizosphere environment, microbial communities, and the host plant. Specifically, hybrid progenies constructed an efficient microecosystem by enriching functional microbes (e.g., Dyella) and enhanced nutrient metabolism efficiency through increased abundance of P and K metabolism-related genes. These improvements ultimately led to the formation of nutrient utilization advantages, characterized by efficient nutrient absorption in roots and effective nutrient translocation to fruits. This study provides a novel theoretical framework for deciphering the microbial-driven mechanisms underlying parent-progeny differences in nutrient use efficiency of crops and further enriches the theory of plant-microbe-soil interactions.

, correspAuthors=Di PENG, Xin LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: PENG Di,
LI Xin,
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【目的】 探究辣椒杂交子代高产的机制,从植株养分、根际土壤、微生物群落、功能基因等维度解析亲子代差异。 【方法】 测定亲子代的产量,以及根、果、根际土的氮、磷、钾含量和根际土壤理化性质;采用高通量测序分析根内、根际微生物群落,利用宏基因组测序明确根际养分代谢相关基因的丰度差异。 【结果】 子代产量显著提升,其中Z3的增幅最高。果实普遍钾含量较高,Z3根部氮、磷超亲积累;根内微生物群落亲子代更替明显,子代富集戴氏菌属(Dyella)、伯克霍尔德氏菌-卡巴拉氏菌-拟伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia)、木霉菌属(Trichoderma)等功能菌属,且这些菌属与养分吸收显著关联;根际土壤有效磷超亲、pH下降,Z3具备全氮高储备和有机质提升的优势;子代磷、钾代谢基因丰度超亲,Z3表现最为显著。 【结论】 子代产量超亲是根际环境、微生物和植株协同作用的结果。杂交后子代通过富集Dyella等功能菌构建高效微生态系统,以磷、钾代谢基因丰度提升强化养分代谢效率,最终形成了根部高效吸收和果实高效转运的优势。研究结果为解析作物亲子代养分利用差异的微生物驱动机制提供了新的理论框架,也丰富了植物-微生物-土壤互作的理论。

, correspAuthors=彭迪, 李鑫, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=sBSXHSraYKfm5Ca2H6xhlw==, magXml=PNmF57AAaVFjpxh9aQBS8w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=fihf5bw+v86qMpehHOA6Fg==, pdfFileSize=3755172, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=1sNDuENdS7XOXGJSmUTs9A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=DRxFM5DADFJunJJENsqH7w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

作者贡献声明

韦秋合:研究设计和论文修改;张津浩:初稿撰写;王玉琦:数据处理和论文修改;彭征宇:数据收集;黄婵婵:论文修改;彭迪:监督管理和项目管理;李鑫:提供技术支持。

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Journal of Molecular Biology, 2009, 389(2): 349-364., articleTitle=Probing the roles of the two different dimers mediated by the receiver domain of the response regulator PhoB, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1226557145961906398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, awardId=32402331, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(32402331), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226557146108707050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, awardId=32402331, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(32402331), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226557146242924783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, awardId=2025JJ50172, language=EN, fundingSource=Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2025JJ50172), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226557146381336822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, awardId=2025JJ50172, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省自然科学基金(2025JJ50172), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226557146477805819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, awardId=2024CX115, language=EN, fundingSource=Hunan Provincial Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(2024CX115), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226557146591052035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, awardId=2024CX115, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省农业科技创新资金(2024CX115), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226557146733658379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, awardId=2023RC3209, language=EN, fundingSource=Hunan Province Science and Technology Innovation Plan(2023RC3209), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226557146872070417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, awardId=2023RC3209, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省科技创新计划(2023RC3209), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226557136218538793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226557136226927401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, companyId=1226557136218538793, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Mining and Utilization of Endophytic Microbial Resources in Plants, Hunan Provincial Microbiology Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226557136239510314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, companyId=1226557136218538793, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖南省微生物研究所 植物内生微生物资源挖掘与利用湖南省工程研究中心,湖南 长沙)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1226557141922791511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Differences in yield, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in roots and fruits of pepper. A: Yield of male parents and hybrid progenies (t-test, *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001); B-D: Differences in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in roots and fruits between parents and their hybrid progenies (Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among groups at P<0.05 level after ANOVA multiple comparison), Family 1-3 refer to the hybrid combinations formed by crossing female parent PM with male parents PF1, PF2, and PF3, respectively., figureFileSmall=fs0kNVkGnUaUvTEAa/rqtg==, figureFileBig=Uh0FKfj1aghcyoY+ayyetw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557142027649118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, language=CN, label=图1, caption=辣椒的产量及根部、果实氮、磷、钾含量差异。A:父本及杂交子代产量(配对样本t检验,*:P<0.05;**:P<0.01;***:P<0.001);B-D:分别为亲本及其杂交子代根部与果实氮、磷、钾含量差异(不同小写字母表示经ANOVA多重比较,组间在P<0.05水平存在显著差异),Family 1-3分别为母本PM与父本PF1、PF2、PF3各自杂交形成的杂交组合。, figureFileSmall=fs0kNVkGnUaUvTEAa/rqtg==, figureFileBig=Uh0FKfj1aghcyoY+ayyetw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557142161866856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Physical and chemical properties of root zone soil samples. A: Hydrolyzable nitrogen (HN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) content in rhizosphere soil; B: pH changes in rhizosphere soil; C: Total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and organic matter (OM) content in rhizosphere soil (a, b, c, d, e, f indicate significant differences obtained through ANOVA multiple comparisons, P<0.05)., figureFileSmall=tUl5om3wJaGah5+ca91xgg==, figureFileBig=4SgAOP4uqQtciVVaKoMYUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557142291890286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, language=CN, label=图2, caption=根际土壤样品的理化性质。A:根际土壤中水解氮(HN)、有效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)含量;B:根际土壤pH值变化;C:根际土壤中全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)、有机质(OM)含量(a、b、c、d、e、f指通过ANOVA多重比较得到的差异显著性,P<0.05)。, figureFileSmall=tUl5om3wJaGah5+ca91xgg==, figureFileBig=4SgAOP4uqQtciVVaKoMYUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557142409330805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Rarefaction curves of endophytic bacteria (A) and fungi (B) in parents and hybrid progenies., figureFileSmall=TB8gaWjhP31aHkUKMgU3dw==, figureFileBig=g+KNrQRB6UqH9lS0AHXaRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557142547742842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, language=CN, label=图3, caption=亲本和子代根内细菌(A)和真菌(B)稀释曲线, figureFileSmall=TB8gaWjhP31aHkUKMgU3dw==, figureFileBig=g+KNrQRB6UqH9lS0AHXaRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557143965417601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Analysis of microbial species composition in pepper roots. A: PCoA analysis of root bacteria; B: Bar chart of species abundance at the phylum level of root bacteria; C: Heat map of species abundance at the genus level of root bacteria; D: PCoA analysis of root fungi; E: Bar chart showing species abundance at the root fungus level; F: Heat map of species abundance at the genus level of root fungi *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001., figureFileSmall=roqe7eHsgBbEjjwL350kCw==, figureFileBig=qhGZiVF80JlDDKL8ZAIS1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557144078663816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, language=CN, label=图4, caption=辣椒根内微生物物种组成分析。A:根内细菌PCoA分析;B:根内细菌门水平物种丰度柱状图;C:根内细菌属水平物种丰度热图;D:根内真菌PCoA分析;E:根内真菌门水平物种丰度柱状图;F:根内真菌属水平物种丰度热图。, figureFileSmall=roqe7eHsgBbEjjwL350kCw==, figureFileBig=qhGZiVF80JlDDKL8ZAIS1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557144250630289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Correlation analysis between microorganisms in pepper roots and fruits and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in roots and fruits. A: RDA analysis of nutrients in roots and fruits and bacteria in roots; B: RDA analysis of nutrients in roots and fruits and fungi in roots; C: Heat map of the correlation between nutrients in roots and fruits and bacterial genera in roots; D: Heat map of the correlation between nutrients in roots and fruits and fungal genera in roots. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001., figureFileSmall=6gKF6cLcAsMLOfSz7WPNRQ==, figureFileBig=F9CvdnbiHNas/V/mI3wEYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557144422596759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, language=CN, label=图5, caption=辣椒根部和果实内微生物与根、果氮、磷、钾相关性分析。A:根部和果实内养分与根内细菌RDA分析;B:根部和果实内养分与根内真菌RDA分析;C:根部和果实内养分与根内细菌属相关性热图;D:根部和果实内养分与根内真菌属相关性热图。, figureFileSmall=6gKF6cLcAsMLOfSz7WPNRQ==, figureFileBig=F9CvdnbiHNas/V/mI3wEYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557144649089183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Analysis of the species composition of microorganisms in the rhizosphere of peppers. A: Macro-genomic PCoA analysis of rhizosphere soil; B: Column chart of species abundance at the phylum level of rhizosphere microorganisms; C: Circos diagram at the genus level of rhizosphere microorganisms., figureFileSmall=aNL0d5Cyl5rVPNAsrFE3CA==, figureFileBig=yAa/hx+VrjPCuVG+UrqMsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557144833638572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, language=CN, label=图6, caption=辣椒根际微生物物种组成分析。A:根际土壤的宏基因组PCoA分析;B:根际微生物门水平物种丰度柱状图;C:根际微生物属水平Circos图。, figureFileSmall=aNL0d5Cyl5rVPNAsrFE3CA==, figureFileBig=yAa/hx+VrjPCuVG+UrqMsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557144967856304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Annotation proportion of genes derived from quality-controlled sequencing data., figureFileSmall=//jGdgMMlAMJ9IJvCC536Q==, figureFileBig=HrvhnPOBFLrAd1XLPAPFRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557145102074040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, language=CN, label=图7, caption=质控后数据基因注释的比例, figureFileSmall=//jGdgMMlAMJ9IJvCC536Q==, figureFileBig=HrvhnPOBFLrAd1XLPAPFRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557145257263292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Redundancy analysis of pepper root zone microorganisms and correlation analysis with soil indicators. A: Root zone microbial RDA analysis; B: Heat map showing the correlation between root zone microbial genus levels and environmental factors (**: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001)., figureFileSmall=PDI5B0kvs60n8sUMn3fSzQ==, figureFileBig=DiMukLWgV4fyhUIjJosOhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557145433424069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, language=CN, label=图8, caption=辣椒根际微生物冗余分析及与土壤指标相关性分析。A:根际微生物RDA分析;B:根际微生物属水平与环境因子相关性热图。, figureFileSmall=PDI5B0kvs60n8sUMn3fSzQ==, figureFileBig=DiMukLWgV4fyhUIjJosOhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557145559253195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471090037805389, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Gene relative abundance of phosphorus and potassium metabolism in the rhizosphere microbiota of peppers. A: Gene relative abundance of the K transport system; B: Gene relative abundance of the P uptake and transport system; C: Gene relative abundance of the P starvation response regulation, organic P mineralization genes, and inorganic P solubilization functional genes. 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辣椒杂交育种对养分和微生物群落结构的影响
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韦秋合 , 张津浩 , 王玉琦 , 彭征宇 , 黄婵婵 , 彭迪 * , 李鑫 *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(1): 335-351
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026, 66(1): 335-351
辣椒杂交育种对养分和微生物群落结构的影响
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韦秋合, 张津浩, 王玉琦, 彭征宇, 黄婵婵, 彭迪* , 李鑫*
作者信息
  • 湖南省微生物研究所 植物内生微生物资源挖掘与利用湖南省工程研究中心,湖南 长沙
Impacts of pepper hybrid breeding on nutrient dynamics and microbial community structure
Qiuhe WEI, Jinhao ZHANG, Yuqi WANG, Zhengyu PENG, Chanchan HUANG, Di PENG* , Xin LI*
Affiliations
  • Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Mining and Utilization of Endophytic Microbial Resources in Plants, Hunan Provincial Microbiology Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2026-01-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250532
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【目的】 探究辣椒杂交子代高产的机制,从植株养分、根际土壤、微生物群落、功能基因等维度解析亲子代差异。 【方法】 测定亲子代的产量,以及根、果、根际土的氮、磷、钾含量和根际土壤理化性质;采用高通量测序分析根内、根际微生物群落,利用宏基因组测序明确根际养分代谢相关基因的丰度差异。 【结果】 子代产量显著提升,其中Z3的增幅最高。果实普遍钾含量较高,Z3根部氮、磷超亲积累;根内微生物群落亲子代更替明显,子代富集戴氏菌属(Dyella)、伯克霍尔德氏菌-卡巴拉氏菌-拟伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia)、木霉菌属(Trichoderma)等功能菌属,且这些菌属与养分吸收显著关联;根际土壤有效磷超亲、pH下降,Z3具备全氮高储备和有机质提升的优势;子代磷、钾代谢基因丰度超亲,Z3表现最为显著。 【结论】 子代产量超亲是根际环境、微生物和植株协同作用的结果。杂交后子代通过富集Dyella等功能菌构建高效微生态系统,以磷、钾代谢基因丰度提升强化养分代谢效率,最终形成了根部高效吸收和果实高效转运的优势。研究结果为解析作物亲子代养分利用差异的微生物驱动机制提供了新的理论框架,也丰富了植物-微生物-土壤互作的理论。

辣椒  /  杂交优势  /  养分吸收  /  微生物群落结构  /  功能基因

[Objective] To unravel the mechanism underlying the high-yield performance of hybrid pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) progenies and dissect parent-progeny differences across four interconnected dimensions: plant nutrient accumulation, rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties, microbial community composition, and nutrient metabolism-related functional genes. [Methods] For both parental lines and their hybrid progenies, the yields and the content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in roots, fruits, and rhizosphere soil were determined, alongside rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties. High-throughput sequencing was adopted to analyze the structures of root endophytic and rhizosphere microbial communities, while metagenomic sequencing was used to quantify the abundance differences of genes associated with rhizosphere nutrient metabolism. [Results] Hybrid progenies exhibited a significant yield increase, with the highest yield increase observed in the Z3 line. All hybrids showed elevated K content in fruits, and Z3 specifically achieved transgressive accumulation of N and P in roots. A distinct turnover of the root endophytic microbial community was detected between parents and progenies. In the hybrids, functional genera including Dyella, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, and Trichoderma were enriched, which were significantly correlated with plant nutrient uptake. In terms of rhizosphere soil properties, all hybrids had higher available phosphorus content and lower rhizosphere pH than parental lines. Notably, Z3 possessed unique advantages of high total nitrogen reserve and increased organic matter content in the rhizosphere. Additionally, the abundance of genes related to P and K metabolism was higher in hybrids than in parents, which was particularly prominent in Z3. [Conclusion] The transgressive yields of pepper hybrids is driven by the synergy among the rhizosphere environment, microbial communities, and the host plant. Specifically, hybrid progenies constructed an efficient microecosystem by enriching functional microbes (e.g., Dyella) and enhanced nutrient metabolism efficiency through increased abundance of P and K metabolism-related genes. These improvements ultimately led to the formation of nutrient utilization advantages, characterized by efficient nutrient absorption in roots and effective nutrient translocation to fruits. This study provides a novel theoretical framework for deciphering the microbial-driven mechanisms underlying parent-progeny differences in nutrient use efficiency of crops and further enriches the theory of plant-microbe-soil interactions.

pepper  /  heterosis  /  nutrient uptake  /  microbial community structure  /  functional gene
韦秋合, 张津浩, 王玉琦, 彭征宇, 黄婵婵, 彭迪, 李鑫. 辣椒杂交育种对养分和微生物群落结构的影响. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (1) : 335 -351 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250532
Qiuhe WEI, Jinhao ZHANG, Yuqi WANG, Zhengyu PENG, Chanchan HUANG, Di PENG, Xin LI. Impacts of pepper hybrid breeding on nutrient dynamics and microbial community structure[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (1) : 335 -351 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250532
辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)作为全球广泛栽培的重要园艺作物,具有极高的经济价值和应用潜力,在食用、加工及医药等领域占据着重要地位[1]。因此,持续提升辣椒的产量与品质始终是育种工作的核心目标[2]。在众多育种策略中杂交育种因杂种优势(heterosis)而被广泛应用于辣椒品种改良。然而,大多数研究对杂种优势形成的机制主要聚焦于植物自身的遗传层面,如基因互补、表观遗传修饰及基因表达等[3-4],却忽略了植物生长所依赖的微生态系统,即植物、微生物、土壤互作的关键调节作用,导致辣椒杂种优势的生态驱动机制仍不明确。
植物、微生物和土壤之间的互作已被证实与杂种优势密切相关。李骥等[5]的研究发现,杂交海南海桑子表现出明显的生长优势,杂交海桑根际土壤中有益微生物显著富集,有害微生物相对丰度显著降低,同时硫代谢和氮代谢显著增强。Zhang等[6]研究发现,杂交水稻根际微生物与亲本相比在多样性和组成方面表现出潜在的优势特征,杂交水稻根际微生物群可保护水稻免受土壤传播的真菌病原体的侵害。Wagner等[7]则通过微生物测序证明,杂种优势会影响玉米中的微生物组组成,同时提升作物的氮素利用效率与产量。这些研究均表明,杂交优势可能不仅由基因间作用驱动,还可能受到植物、微生物和土壤三者构成的协同调控系统的影响。
目前对辣椒杂交育种的研究主要聚焦于基因组杂合优势与农艺性状改良,对杂交子代微生物群落组成、养分吸收及养分代谢相关基因功能等方面的系统研究仍较为匮乏。基于此,本研究以1个母本(PM)、3个父本(PF1、PF2和PF3)及其3个杂交子代(Z1、Z2和Z3)共7个品系为材料,通过测定植株养分积累水平、分析根际土壤理化特性,结合高通量测序技术分析根内与根际微生物群落结构,并通过分析氮、磷、钾转运相关基因的相对丰度差异,以期揭示杂交如何通过植物、微生物、土壤互作驱动养分的高效转运与分配,进而提升产量,从微生态层面完善辣椒杂种优势的理论体系,为微生物调控育种策略提供依据。
本研究供试辣椒材料均由湖南省蔬菜研究所陈文超研究员惠赠,包括1个母本、3个父本及其对应的3个杂交子代。母本为雄性不育系(PM,编号24CL417),该材料在植株长势等特征特性上明显优于其他辣椒,具体表现为植株长势较好、叶片浓绿、果皮微皱且坐果率高;父本分别为PF1 (编号24CL127)、PF2 (编号24CL139)、PF3 (编号24CL147);杂交子代对应为Z1 (编号Z24064,PM×PF1)、Z2 (编号Z24071,PM×PF2)、Z3 (编号Z24075,PM×PF3)。
试验地位于海南省三亚市(18°24′N,109°44′E),属热带季风气候,年平均气温25- 31 ℃,年日照时间2 534 h,年平均降水量1 347.50 mm左右。供试土壤类型为红壤土,pH 4.99,有机质含量21.77 mg/kg,总氮含量0.92 g/kg,总磷含量0.64 g/kg,总钾含量30.71 g/kg。
在样本生育期内按当地常规措施进行水肥管理与病虫害防控。样品于辣椒植株进入青转红成熟期采集,选取生长旺盛、叶片浓绿、果实发育均匀、整体长势一致且无明显病虫为害及逆境胁迫症状的植株。采用5点取样法,每点随机选取3株植株,分别采集其根际土、根和果。将同一部位(根际土、根、果实)的5份样品分别混合均匀,装入无菌样品袋中,标记后低温保存,运回实验室进一步处理。每个样品分成2份:一份用于土壤理化性质分析以及辣椒根和果中氮、磷、钾含量测定,在4 ℃下储存;另一份在-80 ℃下储存,用于进一步的总DNA提取。
小心挖出辣椒根部,轻微抖动,去除大部分松散附着的大块土壤,保留紧贴根系表面的根际土,用无菌镊子刮取紧贴根表面的土壤,装入无菌袋中。将完整无损伤的根系放入新的无菌袋。采摘对应植株的成熟果实,去除表面杂质后装入无菌袋。立即将上述样品置于冰盒中,带回实验室后转移至-80 ℃储存备用。
辣椒根部先用75%乙醇冲洗2次,再用5%次氯酸钠溶液浸泡4 min,最后用无菌蒸馏水冲洗2次,将最后一次冲洗液涂布于PDA培养基,28 ℃培养7 d,若无菌落生长则证明消毒彻底,表面消毒彻底的样品用于后续内生微生物高通量测序[8]
各品系辣椒亩产量由试验区工作人员采用小区测产法统计,重复3次取平均值。
土壤pH使用pH计(Mettler Toledo公司)测定。土壤氮、磷和钾含量测定参照Peng等[9]的方法进行。氮含量使用碳氮元素分析仪(Elementar Analysensayateme GmbH公司)测定,磷含量使用钼锑抗显比色法检测,钾含量使用醋酸铵浸提-火焰光度计法检测。每个土壤样品进行3次平行测量。
通过扩增子测序技术(16S rRNA基因/ITS)分析辣椒根内微生物群落。首先,用FastDNA® Spin Kit DNA提取试剂盒(MP Biomedicals公司)提取辣椒根中总DNA。细菌16S rRNA基因V4-V5区域扩增引物为799F (5′-AACMGGATTAG ATACCCKG-3′)和1193R (5′-ACGTCATCCCCA CCTTCC-3′),真菌ITS1区域扩增引物为ITS1F (5′-CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA-3′)和ITS2R (5′-GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC-3′)。PCR反应委托上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司完成。PCR反应体系(25 μL):2×Phanta Max Master Mix (Dye Plus) 12.5 μL,上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)各1 μL,DNA模板1 μL,ddH2O 9.5 μL。PCR反应程序:95 °C预变性3 min;95 °C变性15 s,60 °C退火20 s,72 °C延伸30 s共40个循环;72 °C终延伸5 min。PCR扩增产物经QuantusTM荧光计(Promega公司)定量后,采用Illumina MiSeq平台(上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司)进行MiSeq测序。原始序列通过FLASH (v1.2.11)拼接后,用Trimmomatic (v0.33)过滤去除嵌合体及低质量序列,高质量标签序列通过USEARCH (v10.0)以97%序列相似性聚类为操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU)。
采用宏基因组测序技术对辣椒根际土中微生物群落的基因组进行测序,分析其群落结构与功能潜力。根际土的总DNA提取、PCR扩增等操作与上述相同。采用Illumina NovaSeq 6000平台(上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司)进行高通量测序。原始序列通过fastp (v0.20.0)进行质量过滤,随后使用MEGAHIT (v1.1.2)拼接组装。经CD-HIT (v4.7)基于90%的相似性进行聚类,构建非冗余基因集。通过SOAPaligne (v2.21)统计基因在样品中的丰度信息,基于KEGG数据库比对,获得基因对应KEGG orthology (KO)信息。通过计算归属于同一KO的基因丰度总和,得到该功能基因类别在每个样本中的丰度。
采用SPSS软件(v17.0)进行统计分析:两组间比较采用t检验;多组间差异显著性检验采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),若P<0.05则通过Tukey’s HSD法进行多重比较。微生物α多样性指数通过美吉云平台(https://cloud.majorbio.com)计算。基于Bray-Curtis距离的主坐标分析(principal coordinates analysis, PCoA)评估微生物群落结构的相似性,并利用Adonis置换多元方差分析检验组间群落差异的显著性。通过冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)探究土壤理化指标对微生物群落的影响。Pearson相关系数分析土壤指标与微生物的相关性。图表采用Origin软件(v2019)绘制。
一个母本、3个父本及3个子代群体的产量测定结果显示,各子代群体产量均较对应父本显著提升(图1A)。其中Z1、Z2和Z3的产量分别为13 740、14 280、21 495 kg/hm2,显著高于对应父本(10 875、12 420、15 045 kg/hm2),相对增幅分别为26.34%、14.98%和42.87%。其中,Z3的增幅最为显著(P<0.001),体现出明显的杂种优势。
子代与亲本在根(养分吸收器官)和果实(养分储存器官)的氮、磷、钾含量上存在显著差异,且器官分配规律具有特异性(图1B-1D)。Z1、Z2根部氮含量均介于双亲之间,而果实氮含量均显著低于双亲;Z3根与果实氮含量均显著高于双亲。在磷含量方面,所有子代果实磷含量均显著低于双亲;根部磷含量中Z1、Z2均显著低于父本且与母本无差异,Z3则高于双亲。钾含量表现为所有子代果实钾含量均高于双亲;根部钾含量中Z1、Z2均低于双亲,Z3高于双亲。整体呈现“果实普遍低磷高钾、根部养分含量存在子代基因型分化”的特征,且高产子代(尤其Z3)在根中氮积累、磷积累与果实中钾积累能力更强,这有可能与产量超亲优势存在关联。
为建立“根际土养分-植株养分-产量”的关联模型,揭示产量形成的养分驱动机制,本研究通过测定辣椒杂交子代与亲本的根际土壤养分(氮、磷、钾)含量及pH值(图2A),水解氮(hydrolyzable nitrogen, HN)含量在所有杂交子代中均低于或接近双亲均值,未呈现显著的子代分化;有效磷(available phosphorus, AP)含量均较双亲显著提升,而速效钾(available potassium, AK)含量均较双亲显著下降。该根际养分特征与前期测定的植株养分积累规律“子代果实普遍低磷高钾”形成明确呼应,揭示出辣椒杂交子代存在“根际-果实”养分转运分配的协同调控机制。
为解析根际土壤养分的“储备潜力”与“即时供应能力”对植株养分利用的调控作用,本研究进一步测定根际土壤全氮(total nitrogen, TN)、全磷(total phosphorus, TP)、全钾(total potassium, TK)含量(总储备养分)(图2C),Z3全氮含量较双亲显著提高,磷含量低于或接近双亲均值,钾含量最高,且Z3表现出钾明显降低的特点。
综上所述,Z3凭借根际氮钾高储备与磷高活化实现根氮磷、果实钾超亲;其他子代(Z1、Z2)因无储备优势仅果实钾超亲。整体呈现“根际养分供需调控植株养分分配”,且Z3 “根际高养分储备-植株高效吸收分配”的协同性最强,因此推测这一优势是其产量超亲的重要养分驱动因素。
此外,Z3的有机质(organic matter, OM)积累显著提升(图2C);同时,所有子代根际土壤的pH值均显著下降(图2B),推测这一pH变化可能通过改变土壤离子活性,进一步调控根际养分的有效性。
为解析根部养分吸收差异的微生物驱动机制,对1个母本、3个父本及其对应的3个杂交子代共7份供试材料开展根部内生微生物扩增子测序(细菌16S rRNA基因和真菌ITS)。
对7种样品,每种设置4个重复,共28个样本进行测序。测序结果经双端reads质控、拼接后,共产生2 193 337条clean reads,平均每个样本产生78 333条clean reads。内生真菌测序结果经双端reads质控、拼接后共产生 1 677 870条clean reads,平均每个样本产生 59 924条clean reads。在97%的序列相似度水平上,辣椒根内生细菌高通量测序结果可聚类为2 902个OTUs;真菌共获得541个OTUs。
采用α多样性指数评估各样本微生物群落的物种丰富度与多样性水平。根内细菌OTUs的稀释曲线随测序序列数增加逐渐趋于平稳,表明当前测序深度已能够覆盖样本中绝大多数细菌物种,细菌群落的物种组成已被较充分捕获(图3A)。根内真菌OTUs的稀释曲线虽随测序量增加而上升,但未形成明显平台期,说明当前测序深度虽覆盖大多数菌群,但仍存在部分低丰度物种未被完全检测(图3B)。
基于OTU水平的PCoA结合Adonis检验显示,不同材料间的细菌群落存在显著分离(Adonis,R2=0.709,P=0.001),PC1轴可解释37.12%的群落变异(图4A);真菌群落(Adonis,R2=0.715,P=0.001),PC1轴可解释36.71%的群落变异(图4D)。
门水平分析显示(图4B),根部内生细菌以放线菌门(Actinomycetota)、假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)和芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)为优势类群。其中,杂交子代的Pseudomonadota相对丰度显著高于亲本,Actinomycetota则显著降低。
属水平分析表明(图4C),母本的优势菌属为拟无枝酸菌属(Amycolatopsis)。不同父本的优势菌属各异:PF1为分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium),PF2为野野村氏菌属(Nonomuraea),PF3为链霉菌属(Streptomyces)。杂交子代的优势菌属与亲本呈现显著差异,戴氏菌属(Dyella)、伯克霍尔德氏菌-卡巴拉氏菌-拟伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia)、鲍特氏菌属(Bordetella)在所有子代中的丰度均高于亲本,且各子代存在特异性富集特征:Z1特异性富集黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium),其DyellaBurkholderia-Caballeronia-ParaburkholderiaBordetella的丰度分别为PF1的9.09倍、17.26倍和117.87倍;Z2特异性富集慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium),Dyella的丰度为PF2的4.39倍;Z3特异性富集潘多拉菌属(Pandoraea),Bordetella的丰度为PF3的38.20倍。同时,亲本的优势菌属在子代中丰度显著下降:Z1的MycobacteriumStreptomycesAmycolatopsis较双亲降低73.84%-92.04%;Z2的Nonomuraea较双亲降低了74.84%-95.02%;Z3的假诺卡氏菌属(Pseudonocardia)、Streptomyces较PF3分别降低98.44%和70.94%。这说明杂交子代根部内生细菌群落与亲本发生显著更替,表现为亲本优势菌属丰度普遍下降,子代则通过富集新的优势菌属形成特异性群落结构。
门水平分析显示(图4E),子囊菌门(Ascomycota)是所有样本的优势菌门。杂交子代的门水平丰度与亲本存在显著差异:Z1的Ascomycota丰度高于母本但低于PF1,担子菌门(Basidiomycota)则呈相反趋势;Z2的Ascomycota丰度显著高于双亲,Basidiomycota显著低于双亲;Z3的Ascomycota丰度与母本相近但显著低于PF3,Basidiomycota丰度高于PF3,但低于母本。
属水平分析表明(图4F),亲本优势菌属具特异性:母本为粗糙孔菌属(Trechispora)和深色有隔内生菌属(Poaceascoma)。PF1和PF2的优势菌属均为Acrocalymma和镰孢菌(Fusarium)。PF3的优势菌属为枝孢属(Cladosporium)。杂交子代则富集特异性优势菌属:Z1子代中的优势属为木霉菌属(Trichoderma)和裸伞属(Gymnopilus),其中Trichoderma丰度为PF1的127.31倍。Z2中黑盘孢属(Melanconiella)显著上调,丰度为PF2的44.95倍。亲本优势属在子代中丰度显著下降:Z1、Z2的FusariumAcrocalymma较双亲降低87.20%-99.83%;Z3显著上调的真菌属数量最多,主要为木霉菌属(Xylomyces)、篮状菌属(Talaromyces)和突脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum),其中Xylomyces丰度为PF3的82.32倍,为PM的12.50倍。杂交子代通过富集特异性真菌属形成了新的真菌群落,与内生细菌协同改变了根部内生菌群的组成。
为明确杂交子代的养分优势,将微生物群落差异与植株养分差异进行关联性分析,解释亲子代间养分差异的微生物成因。
通过RDA分析整合根部和果实的氮、磷、钾指标与根内微生物群落,结果显示(图5A):细菌群落变异主要受RDA1 (33.89%)和RDA2 (14.18%)驱动,核心驱动因子为果实钾含量(fruit-K)、果实磷含量(fruit-P)和根部钾含量(root-K),其中fruit-K与子代呈强正相关。从细菌属水平看(图5C),子代中显著上调的Burkholderia-Caballeronia-ParaburkholderiaBordetellaDyella均与fruit-K呈显著正相关,而与root-K和fruit-P呈显著负相关。相反,与fruit-K负相关性最强的StreptomycesPseudonocardiaMycobacterium在子代中的丰度显著下调。
真菌群落的RDA分析结果显示(图5B),第一轴和第二轴分别解释31.04%和15.09%的变异,关键驱动因子为fruit-K、root-P。从具体类群来看(图5D),子代富集的真菌GymnopilusBasidiodendronXylomycesTrichoderma均与fruit-K呈显著正相关,而与fruit-P等指标呈负相关。与之相反,子代中显著下调的AcrocalymmaFusariumTrechispora与fruit-K呈显著负相关,而与其他部位P和K含量均呈显著正相关。
根际微生物可通过表皮渗透或侧根裂隙侵入根系内部定殖,已成为植物内生菌群的核心组分,也是影响植物养分吸收的首要微生物群体。需要明确的是,植物养分吸收的促进主要是通过根际富集菌株进入根内实现,还是由根内自主定殖的菌株驱动。此外,根际微生物直接生活在土壤中,能更直接地分解土壤有机质、活化矿质养分,其对植物养分的影响也至关重要。
为进一步揭示根际微生物群落的整体特征及功能基因组成差异,对根际土壤进行宏基因组测序。原始数据经质控、拼接后,共产生14 750 982条重叠群(contigs),在90%的序列相似度水平上宏基因组测序结果可聚类6 260 267个目录基因(catalog genes)。
PCoA结果显示(图6A):第一主成分(PC1)和第二主成分(PC2)分别解释了50.51%和15.10%的群落变异,样本间群落结构差异显著(Adonis,R2=0.851,P=0.001)。
在门水平上(图6B),各样本微生物群落以放线菌门(Actinomycetota)和假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)为主,二者合计相对丰度均超过60.00%。其中,Z1中Pseudomonadota占比达40.70%,显著高于双亲(较PF1和PM分别提高47.78%、60.72%),而Actinomycetota丰度则显著降低(较PF1和PM分别降低39.09%、47.55%);Z2中Actinomycetota占比下降至37.10%。绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexota)相对丰度显著高于双亲(较PF2和PM分别提高77.30%、80.13%);Z3中Actinomycetota占比41.00%,仍显著低于双亲(较PF3和PM分别降低11.94%、25.17%),Pseudomonadota相对丰度则显著升高(较PF3和PM分别升高27.39%、31.62%)。
属水平分析表明(图6C),双亲样本中Streptomyces和类诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)为优势菌属。子代群落组成各具特异性:Z1中Dyella、瑞墙湖杆菌属(Mizugakiibacter)和罗河杆菌属(Rhodanobacter)丰度均显著高于亲本,分别为PF1的6.17倍、2.17倍、3.22倍,分别为PM的4.00倍、2.11倍、2.48倍。
对所有样本根际土壤样本的宏基因组测序数据进行分析时发现,微生物群落组成具有极高的域水平特异性(图7)。即有99.01%的序列注释为细菌,0.18%的序列注释为真菌,0.72%的序列被注释为古细菌。真菌数据量极低,难以支撑具有统计学意义的群落结构分析。宏基因组测序结果显示,根际土壤中几乎由细菌绝对主导,因此本研究将分析和讨论的重点放在了细菌群落上,以确保能够更深入、更清晰地揭示根际微生态的变化。
RDA结果表明(图8A),RDA1与RDA2共同解释了土壤理化因子对微生物群落结构变异的65.91%。其中,AP、TP、AK和pH是根际微生物群落分异的主导驱动因子。具体表现为:子代微生物群落与AP呈显著正相关,父本群落与AK、pH呈显著正相关。
在属水平上(图8B),关键菌属表现出显著的分化。子代显著富集的菌属如DyellaGaiella (盖亚女神属)、Candidatus_Gaiellasilicea (未被纯培养的候选菌)等与AP呈显著正相关(P<0.001),而与AK、TP、pH呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。亲本富集菌属如StreptomycesNocardioidesAmycolatopsis等与pH、AK、TP呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与AP呈显著负相关(P<0.001)。
综上所述,通过菌属与土壤养分的关联分析明确,子代富集菌属偏好磷(与AP呈正相关、与AK呈负相关),亲本优势菌属偏好钾(与AK呈正相关、与AP呈负相关),体现出亲子代养分响应模式的分化。这表明子代可能通过定向招募溶磷功能菌属增强磷活化利用能力,协同调控养分源库的转移和积累,实现养分获取策略的适应性转型。后续主要对磷、钾代谢相关内容进行分析。
根际与根内微生物组共有5个核心菌属,包括ActinomycetotaStreptomycesAmycolatopsisMycobacterium,以及PseudomonadotaBradyrhizobiumDyella,这些核心菌属可能协同维持植物-微生物互作。其中根内和根际共存的菌株Dyella在子代中的丰度显著高于双亲,并且该菌与子代fruit-K和根际AP均呈显著正相关,这有可能是在根际先富集该菌株再进入根内,随后在各部位发挥功能,最终导致子代高产。
在明确根际微生物与土壤理化性质存在相关性的基础上,推测根际微生物可能通过调控磷钾代谢进而调节土壤环境。为揭示这一调控过程的机制,本研究从分子层面深入分析根际微生物中与磷钾代谢相关的基因丰度特征。结果显示(图9),不同亲本及杂交后代在磷循环与钾转运相关功能基因的丰度上存在明显差异。Z3中基因丰度基本都远高于亲本,Z1子代表达次之,Z2子代最差。本研究已证实,Z3子代在植株养分积累、土壤养分活化及最终产量上均显著优于亲本及Z1、Z2子代,当前基因丰度差异进一步从分子层面印证了Z3在养分利用上的优势。在钾转运系统中钾吸收基因kup及钾ATP酶系统基因kdpAkdpB的整体表达水平较高,子代与亲本间的差异趋势基本一致(图9A)。磷吸收和转运系统关键基因pstSpstBpstCpstA的表达动态与钾转运基因基本一致(图9B)。在磷饥饿响应调控通路中所有样本中phoR表达量最高,且子代中phoRphoUphoB表达水平均高于亲本。有机磷矿化基因在亲本中优势表达;无机磷溶解功能基因则相反(图9C)。这些磷钾代谢相关基因的差异化表达可能是根际微生物调控磷钾代谢、赋予子代养分利用优势并参与土壤环境调节的分子机制。
本研究从植株养分积累、根际土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构及功能基因丰度4个维度系统解析了辣椒杂交子代与亲本的产量差异机制,重点揭示了高产子代实现产量超亲优势的关键驱动逻辑。研究发现杂交子代与亲本在根、果养分(氮、磷、钾)分配上呈现显著分化特征,所有子代均表现为果实普遍高钾,而Z3额外具备“根部氮磷超亲积累”的独特优势。钾作为光合产物转运的核心元素[10],其果实高积累为子代较父本产量提升提供了共性养分支撑;而氮(参与叶绿素合成)[11]、磷(调控能量代谢)[12]在Z3根部的高储备进一步增强了根系吸收活性,形成“根部高效吸收-果实高效转运”的养分循环体系,最终使Z3产量增幅远高于Z1和Z2。此外,子代“果实低磷”并非磷吸收不足,结合后续根际有效磷分析推测,这是Z3优先保障根系生长的养分分配策略,待生育后期磷可进一步向果实转运,体现了杂交子代对养分的精准调控能力。
根内微生物群落的“亲子代更替”是驱动子代养分吸收差异的核心生物因素。亲本根内以StreptomycesAmycolatopsis为优势菌属,而子代通过调控根系微环境定向富集DyellaBurkholderia-Caballeronia-ParaburkholderiaTrichoderma等功能菌属。Dyella已被证实能分泌促生物质[13],且其在Z3中富集程度最高,推测该菌的促生物质可通过促进根系发育提升养分吸收能力,进而提高产量。目前尚无文献报道该菌具有养分活化功能,这一关联需后续实验进一步验证;Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia属作为典型固氮促生菌,可增强植株氮磷获取能力[14-17]Trichoderma则通过分泌有机酸活化土壤磷、改善根际环境,进一步强化子代磷吸收效率[18]。反观亲本,其优势菌属虽具备潜在溶磷功能,但可能因根系分泌物与微生物互作效率较低未能转化为实际养分优势。这也说明杂交子代通过微生物群落优化构建了更高效的“微生物-养分吸收”协同关系。
根际土壤的理化特征为微生物定殖与植株养分吸收提供了关键环境基础。所有子代根际AP均显著高于双亲,推测子代可能通过定向招募溶磷功能菌属增强磷活化利用能力。另外,子代根际pH较亲本降低0.3-0.5个单位,可能进一步增强了磷、钾等离子的活性,形成“微生物溶磷-pH降低-养分活化”的良性循环。其中Z3的独特性在于其根际不仅有效磷超亲,还具备“全氮高储备”优势。全氮作为土壤氮素的长效储备库,可通过微生物矿化持续转化为水解氮供植株吸收[19],与Z3 “根部氮超亲”形成供需匹配,这也是Z1、Z2仅能实现“果实钾超亲”,而Z3可同时达成“氮、磷、钾协同超亲”的核心原因。此外,Z3根际OM显著提升为微生物提供了充足碳源,进一步巩固了“有机质-微生物-养分活化”的协同效应,为其高产奠定了环境基础。
宏基因组分析从分子层面印证了子代养分调控机制,结果显示杂交子代(尤其Z3)根际微生物的磷钾代谢相关基因丰度显著高于亲本。在钾代谢通路中子代低亲和钾转运基因(kup)[20]、高亲和钾转运基因(kdpA/B)[21]丰度提升,可在根际AK偏低的情况下保障钾的高效吸收,支撑“果实钾超亲”特征;在磷代谢通路中子代无机磷吸收基因(pstS/B/C/A)[22-23]、磷饥饿响应基因(phoR/B)[24]丰度超亲,既增强了无机磷吸收效率,又提升了磷胁迫适应性,与“根际有效磷超亲”直接对应。Z3的磷钾代谢基因丰度均高于Z1、Z2,形成“基因丰度超亲→微生物代谢效率提升→植株养分积累超亲→产量超亲”的完整机制链,明确了分子水平上的高产支撑。
综上所述,辣椒杂交子代的产量超亲优势是根际环境、微生物、功能基因、植株养分多维度协同的结果:杂交后子代通过富集Dyella等功能菌构建高效微生态系统,以磷钾代谢基因丰度提升强化养分代谢效率,最终形成根部高效吸收和果实高效转运的养分优势。本研究明确的功能菌DyellaTrichoderma等,后续可通过微生物回接实验验证因果关系,并解析根部富集这些微生物的机制,进一步完善作物微生态互作理论。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32402331)
  • 湖南省自然科学基金(2025JJ50172)
  • 湖南省农业科技创新资金(2024CX115)
  • 湖南省科技创新计划(2023RC3209)
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2026年第66卷第1期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250532
  • 接收时间:2025-07-11
  • 首发时间:2026-01-12
  • 出版时间:2026-01-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-11
  • 录用日期:2025-09-25
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32402331)
国家自然科学基金(32402331)
Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2025JJ50172)
湖南省自然科学基金(2025JJ50172)
Hunan Provincial Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(2024CX115)
湖南省农业科技创新资金(2024CX115)
Hunan Province Science and Technology Innovation Plan(2023RC3209)
湖南省科技创新计划(2023RC3209)
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    湖南省微生物研究所 植物内生微生物资源挖掘与利用湖南省工程研究中心,湖南 长沙

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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