Article(id=1217471088276193576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1217471079325549522, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250560, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1753113600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1757952000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-16, onlineDate=1768197326964, onlineDateStr=2026-01-12, pubDate=1767456000000, pubDateStr=2026-01-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768197326964, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768197326964, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768197326964, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217471079325549522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='475', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768197324830, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768198886678, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217477630291530315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1217471079325549522, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217477630291530316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1217471079325549522, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=377, endPage=393, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217471089748394323, articleId=1217471088276193576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculation alleviates aluminum stress in Pinus massoniana seedlings by modulating fine root antioxidant physiology, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils severely inhibits plant growth by inducing oxidative stress. Ectomycorrhizal fungus (ECMF) can enhance host plant Al tolerance, but the underlying physiological mechanisms, particularly in fine roots, are not fully understood. This study investigates how ECMF colonization mitigates Al toxicity by modulating the antioxidant physiology of plants, with an aim in applying ECMF for the ecological restoration of Al-contaminated acidic soils. [Methods] Pinus massoniana seedlings were inoculated with Lactarius deliciosus 2 or Pisolithustinctorius 715, with non-ectomycorrhizal seedlings as the control. After a 6-month exposure to 0.0 mmol/L or 1.0 mmol/L Al3+, we assessed seedling biomass, fine root morphology, plasma membrane permeability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and osmoregulatory substance content. [Results] Under Al stress, inoculation with either L. deliciosus 2 or P. tinctorius 715 significantly promoted seedling growth and fine root development. The inoculated seedlings exhibited 1.26-1.33 folds greater biomass and 2.25-3.99 folds increases in the total root length, root surface area, root volume, and root tip number compared to the non-inoculated control. The ECMF inoculation also significantly reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, and soluble proteins in fine roots. Furthermore, inoculation with L. deliciosus 2 resulted in significantly higher root surface area and root volume, along with greater peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities and a more pronounced reduction in proline content in fine roots, compared to inoculation with P. tinctorius 715. [Conclusion] Our findings demonstrate that ECMF inoculation alleviates Al stress in P. massoniana seedlings by promoting fine root development, bolstering the antioxidant system (notably through increased POD and CAT activities), reducing H2O2 accumulation, preserving plasma membrane integrity, and decreasing the synthesis of osmoregulatory substances. The superior performance of L. deliciosus 2 highlights its potential for its application in the ecological restoration of Al-contaminated acidic soils.

, correspAuthors=Xirong GU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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【目的】 探索外生菌根真菌(ectomycorrhizal fungus, ECMF)侵染能否以及如何通过调控细根抗氧化生理来抵御铝毒,为将ECMF应用于酸铝地区的生态修复提供理论依据。 【方法】 选用松乳菇(Lactarius deliciosus) 2和彩色豆马勃(Pisolithus tinctorius) 715接种马尾松(Pinus massoniana)幼苗,以非菌根苗为对照,经0.0 mmol/L和1.0 mmol/L Al3+连续处理6个月后取马尾松幼苗进行检测分析,内容包括其生物量、细根形态参数、质膜透性、活性氧水平、抗氧化酶活性与渗透调节物质含量。 【结果】 铝胁迫下接种L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715可显著促进马尾松幼苗生长和细根发育,幼苗生物量增加1.26-1.33倍,细根总根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数增加2.25-3.99倍,细根丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)、过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide, H2O2)、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量则显著降低。此外,接种L. deliciosus 2还可显著增强细根过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)与过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性,且比接种P. tinctorius 715具有更高的细根表面积、根体积和更低的脯氨酸含量。 【结论】 接种ECMF有助于提高马尾松幼苗抗铝毒能力,其核心驱动力在于促进细根形态发育,而减少H2O2积累、防止细胞膜功能受损、降低渗透调节物质合成是其中的关键。L. deliciosus 2促进细根生长发育的能力强于P. tinctorius 715,其POD与CAT活性增强以及脯氨酸合成量降低更有利于防止细根免受铝的原初毒害。

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作者贡献声明

文思伽:查询文献,数据分析,撰写文章并修改;辜夕容:文章选题与设计,指导并修改文章,指导回答编辑部问题,课题支撑;李昂:执行实验和数据收集;吕亚茹:文章修改并润色;徐诗蕊:参与研究讨论;周晓宇:协助实验操作。

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The New Phytologist, 2022, 236(1): 165-181., articleTitle=A zinc finger protein SlSZP1 protects SlSTOP1 from SlRAE1-mediated degradation to modulate aluminum resistance, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1226557143902503037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471088276193576, awardId=32171753, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171753), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226557144019943557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471088276193576, awardId=32171753, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(32171753), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226557131621581496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471088276193576, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226557131629970105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471088276193576, companyId=1226557131621581496, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226557131642553019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471088276193576, companyId=1226557131621581496, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西南大学 资源环境学院,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1226557140584808453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471088276193576, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Effects of ECMF inoculation on the growth of Pinus massoniana seedlings under Al stress. A: Non-ectomycorrhizal fungus seedlings under 0.0 mmol/L Al3+ treatment; B: L. deliciosus 2 seedlings under 0.0 mmol/L Al3+ treatment; C: P. tinctorius 715 seedlings under 0.0 mmol/L Al3+ treatment; D: Non-ectomycorrhizal fungus seedlings under 1.0 mmol/L Al3+ treatment; E: L. deliciosus 2 seedlings under 1.0 mmol/L Al3+ treatment; F: P. tinctorius 715 seedlings under 1.0 mmol/L Al3+ treatment., figureFileSmall=/a7m2eS+F6CxLUHMJR7+/A==, figureFileBig=EKP8jxa+iXqqhPfAxuxVSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557140689666059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471088276193576, language=CN, label=图1, caption=接种ECMF对铝胁迫下马尾松幼苗生长的影响。A:0.0 mmol/L Al3+处理下的非菌根苗;B:0.0 mmol/L Al3+处理下的L. deliciosus 2菌根苗;C:0.0 mmol/L Al3+处理下的P. tinctorius 715菌根苗;D:1.0 mmol/L Al3+处理下的非菌根苗;E:1.0 mmol/L Al3+处理下的L. deliciosus 2菌根苗;F:1.0 mmol/L Al3+处理下的P. tinctorius 715菌根苗。, figureFileSmall=/a7m2eS+F6CxLUHMJR7+/A==, figureFileBig=EKP8jxa+iXqqhPfAxuxVSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557140773552146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471088276193576, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Effects of ECMF inoculation on biomass and root morphological characteristics of Pinus massoniana seedlings under Al stress. A: Biomass; B: Total root length; C: Root surface area; D: Root volume; E: Average root diameter; F: Root tip number. Different uppercase or lowercase letters on the bar indicate significant differences among ectomycorrhizal seedlings under the same Al level or between Al levels under the same ectomycorrhizal treatment, respectively (P<0.05). *** indicate P<0.001., figureFileSmall=PVyDpthBnnCFganeGo6w5g==, figureFileBig=HCe3dsNR9/A2VDRdIZTiRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557140870021146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471088276193576, language=CN, label=图2, caption=接种ECMF对铝胁迫下马尾松幼苗生物量和细根形态参数的影响。A:生物量;B:总根长;C:根表面积;D:根体积;E:平均根直径;F:根尖数。, figureFileSmall=PVyDpthBnnCFganeGo6w5g==, figureFileBig=HCe3dsNR9/A2VDRdIZTiRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557140995850275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471088276193576, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Effects of ECMF inoculation on plasma membrane permeability and ROS content in roots of Pinus massoniana seedlings under Al stress. A: Malondialdehyde; B: Superoxide anion; C: Hydrogen peroxide. Different uppercase or lowercase letters on the bar indicate significant differences among ectomycorrhizal seedlings under the same Al level or between Al levels under the same ectomycorrhizal treatment, respectively (P<0.05). *, **, ***, and ns indicate P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001, and no significant difference, respectively., figureFileSmall=uTZx4mQttnPAhw5Q83tIIw==, figureFileBig=PoFQGa75swOqvp+W4urMdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557141121679401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471088276193576, language=CN, label=图3, caption=接种ECMF对铝胁迫下马尾松细根质膜透性和ROS含量的影响。A:丙二醛;B:超氧阴离子;C:过氧化氢。, figureFileSmall=uTZx4mQttnPAhw5Q83tIIw==, figureFileBig=PoFQGa75swOqvp+W4urMdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557141251702830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471088276193576, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Effects of ECMF inoculation on antioxidant enzyme activity in roots of Pinus massoniana seedlings under Al stress. A: Superoxide dismutase; B: Peroxidase; C: Catalase. Different uppercase or lowercase letters on the bar indicate significant differences among ectomycorrhizal seedlings under the same Al level or between Al levels under the same ectomycorrhizal treatment, respectively (P<0.05). **, ***, and ns indicate P<0.01, P<0.001, and no significant difference, respectively., figureFileSmall=IUGJwVjbOTKYs0UySuZ1Xg==, figureFileBig=14ZbGZHtTiYrGoKUHp1woQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557141377531962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471088276193576, language=CN, label=图4, caption=接种ECMF对铝胁迫下马尾松细根抗氧化酶活性的影响。A:超氧化物歧化酶;B:过氧化物酶;C:过氧化氢酶。, figureFileSmall=IUGJwVjbOTKYs0UySuZ1Xg==, figureFileBig=14ZbGZHtTiYrGoKUHp1woQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557141515944000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471088276193576, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Effects of ECMF inoculation on osmotic regulators in roots of Pinus massoniana seedlings under Al stress. A: Prolin; B: Soluble sugar; C: Soluble protein. Different uppercase or lowercase letters on the bar indicate significant differences among ectomycorrhizal seedlings under the same Al level or between Al levels under the same ectomycorrhizal treatment, respectively (P<0.05). *** indicate P<0.001., figureFileSmall=QthEQj9aWtcq1r1fRGLBHg==, figureFileBig=Qsj935MpLYqy0Fve7fPgJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557141679521865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471088276193576, language=CN, label=图5, caption=接种ECMF对铝胁迫下马尾松细根渗透调节物质的影响。A:脯氨酸;B:可溶性糖;C:可溶性蛋白。, figureFileSmall=QthEQj9aWtcq1r1fRGLBHg==, figureFileBig=Qsj935MpLYqy0Fve7fPgJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557141775990866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471088276193576, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Correlation between growth parameters and roots’ antioxidant physiological indexes of Pinus massoniana seedlings (n=18). Red and blue circles in the figure indicate significant positive and negative correlation, respectively (P<0.05). TRL: Total root length; TRA: Root surface area; RV: Root volume; AD: Average root diameter; RT: Total root tips; MDA: Malondialdehyde content; O2-: Superoxide anion content; H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide content; Pro: Proline content; SS: Soluble sugar content; SP: Soluble protein content; SOD: Superoxide dismutase activity; POD: Peroxidase activity; CAT: Catalase activity., figureFileSmall=qPrIHexHgct2VDSW8CQUgQ==, figureFileBig=HSnQD2U+sK+bsAn57wbYRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557141885042774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471088276193576, language=CN, label=图6, caption=马尾松幼苗生长参数与细根抗氧化生理指标间的相关性(n=18)。图中红色和蓝色圆形分别表示显著正相关和负相关(P<0.05)。TRL:总根长;TRA:根表面积;RV:根体积;AD:平均根直径;RT:总根尖数;MDA:丙二醛含量;O2-:超氧阴离子含量;H2O2:过氧化氢含量;Pro:脯氨酸含量;SS:可溶性糖含量;SP:可溶性蛋白含量;SOD:超氧化物歧化酶活性;POD:过氧化物酶活性;CAT:过氧化氢酶活性。, figureFileSmall=qPrIHexHgct2VDSW8CQUgQ==, figureFileBig=HSnQD2U+sK+bsAn57wbYRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557141989900379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471088276193576, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=The conceptual coefficient diagram through PLS-PM path analysis of growth and anti-oxidative physiology in Pinus massoniana.Solid lines indicate significant effects, while dashed lines indicate non-significant effects. Red represents a positive correlation between two latent variables, and blue represents a negative correlation. The GOF value is the goodness-of-fit of the model. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01., figureFileSmall=YsZfulLoS5/lWdkofokEGg==, figureFileBig=VLVYxMQ1zjYEv2PB5etiTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557142132506722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471088276193576, language=CN, label=图7, caption=马尾松生长与抗氧化生理的PLS-PM路径分析系数图。实线代表影响显著,虚线代表影响不显著。红色代表2个潜变量之间正相关,蓝色代表负相关。GOF值为模型拟合优度。, figureFileSmall=YsZfulLoS5/lWdkofokEGg==, figureFileBig=VLVYxMQ1zjYEv2PB5etiTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557142237364332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471088276193576, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Membership function values and comprehensive rankings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
c(Al3+) (mmol/L)ECMFMembership valueRank
BiomassTotal root lengthRoot surface areaRoot volumeAverage root diameterTotal root tipsMDA contentO2- contentH2O2 contentProline contentSoluble sugar contentSoluble protein contentSOD activityPOD activityCAT activityAggregated membership function value
0.0Non-ECMF0.370.400.330.230.070.400.651.000.571.001.000.761.000.221.000.573
L. deliciosus 21.001.001.001.001.001.001.000.970.840.940.281.000.551.000.670.861
P. tinctorius 7150.640.730.990.900.220.680.570.741.000.530.270.790.830.710.760.642
1.0Non-ECMF0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.560.000.000.070.000.000.450.670.106
L. deliciosus 20.210.240.300.250.220.240.490.020.550.500.000.450.170.820.000.264
P. tinctorius 7150.200.280.220.140.030.250.550.000.560.280.090.430.020.000.840.195
), ArticleFig(id=1226557142329639024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471088276193576, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

隶属函数值及综合排名

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
c(Al3+) (mmol/L)ECMFMembership valueRank
BiomassTotal root lengthRoot surface areaRoot volumeAverage root diameterTotal root tipsMDA contentO2- contentH2O2 contentProline contentSoluble sugar contentSoluble protein contentSOD activityPOD activityCAT activityAggregated membership function value
0.0Non-ECMF0.370.400.330.230.070.400.651.000.571.001.000.761.000.221.000.573
L. deliciosus 21.001.001.001.001.001.001.000.970.840.940.281.000.551.000.670.861
P. tinctorius 7150.640.730.990.900.220.680.570.741.000.530.270.790.830.710.760.642
1.0Non-ECMF0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.560.000.000.070.000.000.450.670.106
L. deliciosus 20.210.240.300.250.220.240.490.020.550.500.000.450.170.820.000.264
P. tinctorius 7150.200.280.220.140.030.250.550.000.560.280.090.430.020.000.840.195
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接种外生菌根真菌对铝胁迫下马尾松幼苗细根抗氧化生理的影响
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文思伽 , 辜夕容 * , 李昂 , 吕亚茹 , 徐诗蕊 , 周晓宇
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(1): 377-393
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026, 66(1): 377-393
接种外生菌根真菌对铝胁迫下马尾松幼苗细根抗氧化生理的影响
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文思伽, 辜夕容* , 李昂, 吕亚茹, 徐诗蕊, 周晓宇
作者信息
  • 西南大学 资源环境学院,重庆
Ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculation alleviates aluminum stress in Pinus massoniana seedlings by modulating fine root antioxidant physiology
Sijia WEN, Xirong GU* , Ang LI, Yaru LYU, Shirui XU, Xiaoyu ZHOU
Affiliations
  • College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
出版时间: 2026-01-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250560
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【目的】 探索外生菌根真菌(ectomycorrhizal fungus, ECMF)侵染能否以及如何通过调控细根抗氧化生理来抵御铝毒,为将ECMF应用于酸铝地区的生态修复提供理论依据。 【方法】 选用松乳菇(Lactarius deliciosus) 2和彩色豆马勃(Pisolithus tinctorius) 715接种马尾松(Pinus massoniana)幼苗,以非菌根苗为对照,经0.0 mmol/L和1.0 mmol/L Al3+连续处理6个月后取马尾松幼苗进行检测分析,内容包括其生物量、细根形态参数、质膜透性、活性氧水平、抗氧化酶活性与渗透调节物质含量。 【结果】 铝胁迫下接种L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715可显著促进马尾松幼苗生长和细根发育,幼苗生物量增加1.26-1.33倍,细根总根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数增加2.25-3.99倍,细根丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)、过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide, H2O2)、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量则显著降低。此外,接种L. deliciosus 2还可显著增强细根过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)与过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性,且比接种P. tinctorius 715具有更高的细根表面积、根体积和更低的脯氨酸含量。 【结论】 接种ECMF有助于提高马尾松幼苗抗铝毒能力,其核心驱动力在于促进细根形态发育,而减少H2O2积累、防止细胞膜功能受损、降低渗透调节物质合成是其中的关键。L. deliciosus 2促进细根生长发育的能力强于P. tinctorius 715,其POD与CAT活性增强以及脯氨酸合成量降低更有利于防止细根免受铝的原初毒害。

外生菌根真菌  /  铝毒  /  渗透调节物质  /  抗氧化酶  /  马尾松

[Objective] Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils severely inhibits plant growth by inducing oxidative stress. Ectomycorrhizal fungus (ECMF) can enhance host plant Al tolerance, but the underlying physiological mechanisms, particularly in fine roots, are not fully understood. This study investigates how ECMF colonization mitigates Al toxicity by modulating the antioxidant physiology of plants, with an aim in applying ECMF for the ecological restoration of Al-contaminated acidic soils. [Methods] Pinus massoniana seedlings were inoculated with Lactarius deliciosus 2 or Pisolithustinctorius 715, with non-ectomycorrhizal seedlings as the control. After a 6-month exposure to 0.0 mmol/L or 1.0 mmol/L Al3+, we assessed seedling biomass, fine root morphology, plasma membrane permeability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and osmoregulatory substance content. [Results] Under Al stress, inoculation with either L. deliciosus 2 or P. tinctorius 715 significantly promoted seedling growth and fine root development. The inoculated seedlings exhibited 1.26-1.33 folds greater biomass and 2.25-3.99 folds increases in the total root length, root surface area, root volume, and root tip number compared to the non-inoculated control. The ECMF inoculation also significantly reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, and soluble proteins in fine roots. Furthermore, inoculation with L. deliciosus 2 resulted in significantly higher root surface area and root volume, along with greater peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities and a more pronounced reduction in proline content in fine roots, compared to inoculation with P. tinctorius 715. [Conclusion] Our findings demonstrate that ECMF inoculation alleviates Al stress in P. massoniana seedlings by promoting fine root development, bolstering the antioxidant system (notably through increased POD and CAT activities), reducing H2O2 accumulation, preserving plasma membrane integrity, and decreasing the synthesis of osmoregulatory substances. The superior performance of L. deliciosus 2 highlights its potential for its application in the ecological restoration of Al-contaminated acidic soils.

ectomycorrhizal fungi  /  aluminum toxicity  /  osmoregulatory substance  /  antioxidant enzyme  /  Pinus massoniana
文思伽, 辜夕容, 李昂, 吕亚茹, 徐诗蕊, 周晓宇. 接种外生菌根真菌对铝胁迫下马尾松幼苗细根抗氧化生理的影响. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (1) : 377 -393 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250560
Sijia WEN, Xirong GU, Ang LI, Yaru LYU, Shirui XU, Xiaoyu ZHOU. Ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculation alleviates aluminum stress in Pinus massoniana seedlings by modulating fine root antioxidant physiology[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (1) : 377 -393 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250560
铝毒是酸性土壤中植物生长的主要限制因子之一[1]。我国南方地区约90%的森林土壤呈酸性,其中普遍存在的铝毒常使森林生长受限[2]。随着全球气候变暖,酸沉降和氮沉降加剧,土壤酸化日趋严重,活性铝溶出量增多[3]。当铝积累到一定程度后会更为严重地危害林木生长和森林可持续发展[2]。铝毒通过抑制植物光合作用[4]、养分吸收[5-6]、干扰生理代谢[7]等影响植物的生长和发育。植物遭受铝毒危害时其根系会通过分泌有机酸、酚酸等有机物质螯合Al3+,减少Al3+与细胞壁内羧基的结合,碱化植物根际pH,调控抗氧化系统清除活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)等途径增强耐铝性[8-9]。然而,当土壤溶液中活性铝浓度超过一定阈值,或植物受铝毒胁迫时间过长时植物的抗氧化系统可能失效,导致细胞受损甚至植株死亡[10]
外生菌根(ectomycorrhiza, ECM)是林木最重要的菌根类型,是外生菌根真菌(ectomycorrhizal fungus, ECMF)与树木营养根(细根)的共生体。在这个共生体中两者相互依存且高度统一。作为土壤中极为重要的微生物,ECMF在促进植物生长和养分吸收、提高宿主对不良环境的抵抗能力方面具有不可忽视的重要作用[11]。已有研究发现,ECM共生是提高木本植物耐铝性的重要途径之一。ECMF通过增加植物根系对养分的吸收利用范围与效率[5,12],分泌有机酸等有机物质降低Al3+活性[13],形成菌套、哈蒂氏网等特定结构屏蔽Al3+进入根系细胞[5,14],通过菌丝吸附和液泡区室化隔离降低侵入细胞内的Al3+含量[14]等机制提高宿主植物耐铝性。同时,不同ECMF在提高植物耐铝性的能力和机制上存在明显差异。例如,王明霞等[15]对4种ECMF吸收、吸附Al3+的情况进行研究后发现,ECMF间的耐铝性差异明显;铝胁迫下粘盖乳牛肝菌(Suillus bovinus)、双色蜡蘑(Laccaria bicolor)分别通过上调有机酸及酚酸的分泌、活化无机磷库提升磷生物有效性等途径提高马尾松抗铝性[12,16]。此外,ECMF的侵染还会提高根系抗氧化系统酶活性来促进植物生长,促生效果相对较高的褐环乳牛肝菌(Suillus luteus)接种的油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)根系抗氧化酶活性显著高于促生效果相对较低的红汁乳菇(Lactarius hatsudake)[17]。然而,现有研究多聚焦于整株或根系(细根+粗根)水平,对“ECM-细根-抗氧化系统-铝毒”这一链条的生理学机制仍缺乏系统报道。ECMF是否会通过提高细根抗氧化酶活性来抵御铝毒害,目前尚少有数据支持。细根作为铝毒害的原初部位,其抗氧化生理功能是否正常直接影响植物抗铝性。因此,厘清ECMF侵染能否以及如何通过调控宿主细根抗氧化生理来抵制铝毒,对于进一步补充完善ECM根系功能分区理论,深化ECMF提高植物抗铝性机制具有积极意义。马尾松(Pinus massoniana)是我国南方造林先锋树种,提高其耐铝性直接关系到土壤退化区植被恢复和碳汇林建设[14]。为此,在发现酸性铝胁迫下接种松乳菇(Lactarius deliciosus)和彩色豆马勃(Pisolithus tinctorius)可通过改善马尾松细根形态结构和养分吸收能力来提高植物抗铝性的基础上[18-19],本研究以细根为研究对象,从细根抗氧化防御系统角度探讨ECMF提高植物抗铝性的机理,以期为促进菌根技术在酸性土壤生态修复上的应用提供理论依据。
供试菌种为前期试验中筛选出的抗铝性能和促生效果均优良且存在差异的2种ECMF,即L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715[20]。其中,L. deliciosus 2对马尾松幼苗的促生效果优于P. tinctorius 715[18]。供试菌种在Pachlewski固体培养基(pH 5.5)上活化培养15 d后用打孔器取直径5 mm的菌块5块,接种于装有100 mL Pachlewski液体培养基的组培瓶内,置于(25±1) ℃的人工气候箱中暗培养15 d备用。
供试树种为马尾松。试验所用种子由重庆市林木种苗站收集并提供。采用水选法去除杂质、瘪粒和空粒,选取饱满、大小均匀一致的种子,依次用2%过氧化氢消毒20 min、用纯水反复冲洗,再用37 ℃温水浸种24 h后,均匀播撒于经75%乙醇消毒处理后的干燥珍珠岩中,上覆一薄层珍珠岩,用去离子水润湿后置于灭菌后的人工气候箱中催芽,气候箱中温度为(25±1) ℃,空气相对湿度为90%,保持黑暗环境。待90%以上种子露白后播种。
供试土壤为采自重庆市北碚区澄江镇赴草堂附近马尾松林下(29.88°N,106.31°E,海拔623 m) 0-20 cm土层的冷砂黄壤。去除杂物后,喷洒2%的甲醛水溶液消毒杀菌,均匀拌土后覆膜7 d,再揭膜翻晒7 d后装盆(长12 cm×宽8.5 cm×高10.5 cm)备用,每盆装土2.5 kg。经检测该土壤中有机质含量为37.80 g/kg,pH值为4.32,全氮0.37 g/kg、全磷0.39 g/kg、全钾7.03 g/kg、全铝31.81 g/kg、碱解氮50.52 mg/kg、有效磷2.07 mg/kg、速效钾46.22 mg/kg。
将液体培养的菌丝体按菌种分别过滤,用去离子水去除表面附着的培养液后放入打浆机,按每3瓶菌丝体注入无菌水500 mL,低速打散制成液体菌剂。将L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715液体菌剂按1:1混合后,经121 ℃灭菌30 min得到灭活菌剂。将催芽后的马尾松种子分别与液体菌剂拌匀,每盆播种20粒种子、施加50 mL菌剂,以获得菌根苗(L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715菌根苗)。对照组则采用灭活菌剂进行拌种以获得非菌根苗(Non-ECM)。将以上盆栽放置在用紫外线灭菌的培养室中,培养条件为:温度(25±1) ℃,光周期12 h/12 h,光照强度5 560 lx。待出苗3个月后进行间苗,每盆保留6株马尾松幼苗。培养期间每周按100 mL/盆浇去离子水以保持土壤湿润。培养6个月后,随机抽取部分幼苗镜检其菌根侵染率,用番红固绿染色后观察根系ECM的结构,并根据染色根段占比计算侵染率[18]。结果显示,未侵染菌根的幼苗根系ECMF侵染率为0,L. deliciosus 2菌根苗侵染率为94.3%,P. tinctorius 715菌根苗侵染率为95.3%。
幼苗培养6个月后进行铝处理。马尾松幼苗在Al3+浓度高于0.15 mmol/L时即受到生长抑制,在Al3+浓度为1.0 mmol/L时受到显著抑制,表现出明显的铝毒害效应[21]。因此,每周每盆分别施入pH 3.8的100 mL不外源添加Al3+的去离子水、1.0 mmol/L的Al3+ [Al2(SO4)3·18H2O]溶液,连续处理5个月,继续培养1个月后取苗。将以上各处理的盆栽幼苗随机排列,每盆检测6株幼苗,每3盆为一个重复,每处理各3个重复,共计54盆马尾松幼苗。
马尾松幼苗共培养12个月后,将幼苗连土一起完整取出,轻轻抖落根际土壤,用纯水清洗干净表面泥土后用滤纸吸干水分,在电子天平上称其鲜重,经105 ℃杀青30 min后,80 ℃烘干24 h至恒重。取马尾松幼苗根系,用根系扫描仪(Epson公司)扫描后用WinRHIZO根系分析软件(WinRHIZO 2012b)分析总根长、根表面积、根体积、平均根直径、根尖数等细根形态参数。
取马尾松幼苗新鲜根系,依据根序分级标准,选取直径≤2 mm的侧根为待测细根,经去离子水快速清洗表面附着物,液氮速冻后,置于-80 ℃超低温冰箱保存备用。分别采用硫代巴比妥酸法、对氨基苯磺酸法、硫酸钛法、酸性茚三酮法、蒽酮法、牛血清蛋白法、氮蓝四唑还原法、愈创木酚比色法、硫酸终止法检测其中丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)、超氧阴离子(superoxide anion, O2-)、过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide, H2O2)、脯氨酸(proline, Pro)、可溶性糖(soluble sugar, SS)、可溶性蛋白(soluble protein, SP)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性[22-23]
试验所得数据用IBM Statistics SPSS 26.0进行数据分析,采用双因素方差分析检验铝水平与菌根化处理的主效应及交互作用后,分别采用Duncan法及t检验进行多重比较,图和表中所有数据均为平均值±标准差(n=3),显著水平为P<0.05。用GraphPad Prism 10.1.2绘图。为探究接种ECMF对铝胁迫下马尾松幼苗细根抗氧化生理及最终生长表现的调控路径与作用机制,采用R 4.5.1进行偏最小二乘路径模型(partial least squares path modeling, PLS-PM)分析。为克服单一生长指标评价的局限性,全面客观反映马尾松幼苗的整体生长状况,采用隶属函数法对马尾松幼苗生长状况进行综合评价,由公式(1)和(2)计算[24]
U(x)=(X-Xmin)(Xmax-Xmin)
U(x)=1-(X-Xmin)(Xmax-Xmin)
式中:X为指标的实际测定值,Xmin为指标在所有样本中的最小值,Xmax为指标在所有样本中的最大值。若所测指标为正向指标(生物量、总根长、根表面积、根体积、平均根直径、根尖数、POD活性),则采用公式(1)计算;若为负向指标(MDA含量、O2-含量、H2O2含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、SOD活性、CAT活性)则采用公式(2)计算。
接种ECMF对铝胁迫下马尾松幼苗生长状况的影响如图1所示。在无铝条件下,菌根苗的长势明显优于非菌根苗,其中接种L. deliciosus 2的菌根苗长势最佳。在铝胁迫条件下,非菌根苗和菌根苗的生长均受到抑制,但菌根苗的长势仍优于非菌根苗。
铝胁迫显著抑制了马尾松幼苗的生长,而接种ECMF缓解了铝对马尾松幼苗生长的抑制作用,铝胁迫与ECMF侵染对马尾松幼苗生长的交互作用显著(P<0.001) (图2A)。与无铝处理(0.0 mmol/L Al3+)相比,铝处理(1.0 mmol/L Al3+)分别使非菌根苗(Non-ECM)、L. deliciosus 2与P. tinctorius 715菌根苗生物量显著降低70.20%、68.76%和56.21% (P<0.05)。与非菌根苗相比,无论是否存在铝处理,接种ECMF均显著提高了马尾松幼苗的生物量,在铝处理下接种L. deliciosus 2与P. tinctorius 715分别使马尾松幼苗的生物量显著增加1.33倍和1.26倍(P<0.05)。
铝胁迫和接种ECMF均显著影响了马尾松的总根长、根表面积、根体积、平均根直径和根尖数等细根形态参数,且二者间的交互作用显著(P<0.001) (图2B-2F)。与无铝处理相比,铝处理显著降低了马尾松非菌根苗、L. deliciosus 2与P. tinctorius 715菌根苗的总根长、根表面积、根体积、平均根直径和根尖数。无论是否存在铝处理,L. deliciosus 2与P. tinctorius 715菌根苗的总根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数均显著高于非菌根苗。与非菌根苗相比,在铝处理下L. deliciosus 2菌根苗的总根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数分别显著增加2.56倍、3.40倍、3.99倍和3.59倍(P<0.05);P. tinctorius 715菌根苗的总根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数分别显著增加2.93倍、2.53倍、2.25倍和3.69倍(P<0.05);且相较于P. tinctorius 715菌根苗,L. deliciosus 2菌根苗的根表面积与根体积分别显著高出24.68%和53.79% (P<0.05)。
铝处理与ECMF侵染显著影响了马尾松细根的质膜透性,且两者间的交互作用显著(P<0.05)。与无铝处理相比,铝处理显著增加了马尾松非菌根苗细根的MDA含量79.19% (P<0.05),但对L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715 2种菌根苗细根的MDA含量均无显著影响(图3A)。与非菌根苗相比,在无铝处理时L. deliciosus 2菌根苗细根的MDA含量显著降低42.61% (P<0.05),P. tinctorius 715菌根的MDA含量无显著改变;在铝处理下L. deliciosus 2与P. tinctorius 715菌根苗细根的MDA含量分别显著降低33.41%和37.42% (P<0.05),且2种菌根苗间无显著差异。
铝处理与ECMF侵染显著影响了马尾松细根的O2-和H2O2含量,2种处理对O2-含量无显著的交互作用(P>0.05),但对H2O2含量的交互作用显著(P<0.01)。与无铝处理相比,铝处理显著增加了马尾松幼苗细根中的O2-含量(P<0.001) (图3B)。与非菌根苗相比,菌根苗细根中的O2-含量均显著增加(P<0.01)。与无铝处理相比,铝处理显著增加了马尾松非菌根苗、L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715菌根苗细根中的H2O2含量(图3C)。与非菌根苗相比,在有无铝处理的情况下L. deliciosus 2与P. tinctorius 715菌根苗细根的H2O2含量均显著降低,且在铝处理下H2O2含量显著下降22.50%-22.86% (P<0.05),2种菌根苗间细根的H2O2含量无显著差异。
马尾松幼苗细根的SOD活性受铝处理影响显著,但受ECMF侵染的影响不显著,且铝胁迫与ECMF侵染对细根SOD活性无显著交互作用(图4A)。与无铝处理相比,铝处理仅使P. tinctorius 715菌根苗细根SOD活性显著增加(P<0.01)。与非菌根苗相比,接种ECMF对有无铝处理下马尾松细根的SOD活性均无显著影响。铝胁迫与ECMF接种均显著影响马尾松幼苗细根的POD及CAT活性,且2种处理间存在显著交互作用(P<0.001,图4B4C)。与无铝处理相比,铝处理显著升高非菌根苗细根的POD活性,显著降低L. deliciosus 2与P. tinctorius 715菌根苗细根的POD活性(图4B)。与非菌根苗相比,无铝处理时L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715菌根苗细根的POD活性分别显著升高96.53%和61.21%;铝处理下L. deliciosus 2菌根苗细根的POD活性显著升高35.70%,而P. tinctorius 715菌根苗细根的POD活性显著降低43.05% (P<0.05)。与无铝处理相比,铝处理显著增加非菌根苗和L. deliciosus 2菌根苗细根的CAT活性,对P. tinctorius 715菌根苗细根的CAT活性无显著改变(图4C)。与非菌根苗相比,无铝处理时接种L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715可使马尾松细根的CAT活性分别显著升高61.29%和43.98% (P<0.05),且2种菌根苗间无显著差异;铝处理下L. deliciosus 2菌根苗细根的CAT活性显著升高75.95% (P<0.05),而P. tinctorius 715菌根苗细根的CAT活性无显著变化。
铝胁迫和接种ECMF均显著影响马尾松细根的脯氨酸、可溶性糖与可溶性蛋白含量,且2种处理间具有显著交互作用(P<0.001,图5)。与无铝处理相比,铝处理显著增加马尾松非菌根苗和L. deliciosus 2菌根苗细根中脯氨酸含量(P<0.05),对P. tinctorius 715菌根苗细根中的脯氨酸含量无显著影响(图5A)。与非菌根苗相比,无铝处理时接种L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715对马尾松细根中的脯氨酸含量无显著影响;铝处理下接种L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715则分别使细根中的脯氨酸含量显著降低20.73%和11.59% (P<0.05),且P. tinctorius 715菌根苗细根中的脯氨酸含量显著高于L. deliciosus 2菌根苗。与无铝处理相比,铝处理显著增加马尾松非菌根苗、L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715菌根苗细根中的可溶性糖含量(图5B)。与非菌根苗相比,无铝处理时接种L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715均显著升高马尾松幼苗细根的可溶性糖含量(P<0.05),铝处理时则无显著改变。与无铝处理相比,铝处理显著增加马尾松非菌根苗、L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715菌根苗细根中的可溶性蛋白含量(图5C)。与非菌根苗相比,无铝处理下接种L. deliciosus 2显著降低马尾松幼苗细根的可溶性蛋白含量(P<0.05),接种P. tinctorius 715则无显著影响;铝处理下接种L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715显著降低细根的可溶性蛋白含量(P<0.05),且2种菌根苗间细根的可溶性蛋白含量无显著差异。
马尾松幼苗生物量、细根形态参数与细根质膜透性、ROS水平、渗透调节物质含量、抗氧化酶活性之间存在一定相关性(图6)。马尾松幼苗生物量与总根长、根表面积、根体积、平均根直径、根尖数等细根形态参数及POD活性显著正相关,与MDA、O2-、H2O2、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量间显著负相关,这表明铝胁迫下细根抗氧化酶系统与渗透调节系统相互协同调控马尾松幼苗生长。MDA与H2O2、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量间显著正相关,说明渗透调节物质与ROS水平共同影响质膜透性。O2-与脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量及SOD、CAT活性间显著正相关,H2O2与脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量及SOD活性间显著正相关,说明渗透调节物质与抗氧化酶相互协同清除ROS。脯氨酸与可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量间显著正相关,说明三者协同调控马尾松幼苗根内渗透压。POD与CAT活性间显著正相关,说明二者相互协同,参与马尾松根内抗氧化防御。
偏最小二乘路径模型(PLS-PM)表明,铝胁迫下马尾松幼苗生长与抗氧化生理响应关联机制的整体拟合优度良好(GOF=0.766) (图7)。铝胁迫通过激活ROS积累(P<0.01)介导生理胁迫直接抑制根系形态发育(P<0.01),进而影响马尾松幼苗生物量积累(P<0.01)。接种ECMF则通过促进根系形态发育(P<0.01)产生级联效应,降低ROS水平,增强抗氧化系统防御能力,从而协同抵御铝毒胁迫。值得注意的是,L. deliciosus 2对根系发育的促进作用显著强于P. tinctorius 715 (P<0.01),其促生潜力比P. tinctorius 715更大。与ROS水平相比,抗氧化酶系统的变异解释度相对较低(R2=0.455),这可能与SOD的载荷系数较小(0.470)有关。
对马尾松幼苗生长及细根抗氧化生理指标的隶属函数分析结果(表1)显示,与非菌根苗相比,无论有无铝处理时接种L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715均能显著提高马尾松幼苗的综合隶属函数值,且L. deliciosus 2的提升效果优于P. tinctorius 715。L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715定殖均能显著提升马尾松幼苗在无铝(0.0 mmol/L Al3+)和铝胁迫(1.0 mmol/L Al3+)条件下的综合表现。在铝处理条件下两者均能促进植株和细根生长发育、减轻膜脂过氧化、有效清除H2O2并减少渗透调节物质积累。相较于P. tinctorius 715、L. deliciosus 2在铝胁迫条件下的抗铝毒能力更强,在扩大细根表面积、根体积和平均根直径、减少脯氨酸积累以及激活POD、CAT活性方面表现尤为突出。
铝胁迫会抑制植物的根系生长,降低植株生物量,导致植物无法正常生长和发育[20,25]。接种ECMF能够有效缓解铝毒对宿主植物生长的抑制作用,是提高植物抗铝毒能力的有效途径[18,26]。本研究发现,与非菌根苗相比,接种L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715可显著增加铝胁迫下马尾松幼苗的生物量、总根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数(图2),表明ECMF侵染有助于促进马尾松幼苗根系的伸长生长和侧根分生,扩大养分吸收范围和面积,增强宿主植物对养分的吸收和利用[13],进而提高植物的抗铝能力。ECM共生能够改善马尾松细根形态,这不仅得益于ECMF侵入植物根系后形成的菌套与哈蒂氏网等特定结构,还与植物细根形态的高度可塑性密切相关[19]。ECMF侵染植物根系后,菌丝在根尖表皮细胞间增殖形成菌套,通过酶解果胶和机械力侵入皮层形成哈蒂氏网[27],从而增加根直径和根体积。此外,L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715定殖还会改变植物体内生长素等内源激素含量[28]。由于植物细根形态具有高度可塑性,根长、根表面积和根尖数会随之增加。未来研究可进一步探索L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715是否还通过其他特定分泌物(如茉莉酸甲酯、水杨酸等)来改善细根形态。
植物的膜系统是外界环境伤害的原初位点,铝对植物的毒害作用与植物细胞氧化损伤密切相关[14]。当细胞膜受到损伤时会发生脂质过氧化反应,其产物MDA常被广泛用于表征细胞膜受损程度[29-30]。本研究发现,铝处理显著增加了马尾松非菌根苗细根的MDA含量(图3A),说明马尾松细根质膜透性因铝处理而增大。Al3+与细胞质膜表面的羧基、磷酸基团等结合会降低细胞膜流动性,进而引发细胞膜功能受损[31],而且铝毒诱导的非菌根苗细根ROS过量积累(图3B3C)也会加剧膜脂过氧化,破坏细胞膜的完整性[14]。在铝处理条件下,L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715菌根苗细根的MDA含量显著低于非菌根苗(图3A),说明ECMF侵染能够有效缓解铝毒对马尾松根系细胞膜的损伤。与本研究结果类似,在蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)幼苗遭受盐胁迫和山新杨(Populus davidiana×P. bolleana)幼苗遭受干旱胁迫时ECMF的定殖均能显著减轻宿主植物细胞的膜脂过氧化和细胞膜损伤程度[32-33]。可见,当植物遭受不良环境胁迫时ECM共生能够有效保护细胞质膜,减轻胁迫损伤。ECM菌套在细根表面的缠绕包裹以及哈蒂氏网在皮层细胞间形成的致密物理屏障阻隔了不良环境与细根细胞的直接接触和伤害[34],加上抗氧化防御系统的激活均有助于ECM提高宿主植物抵御外界伤害的能力。
铝胁迫会引起植物体内O2-、H2O2等ROS的积累,导致氧化应激,打破ROS在植物体内的动态平衡,造成细胞损伤,妨碍细胞正常功能,进而抑制植物生长[25]。本研究发现,铝处理后马尾松幼苗细根的ROS含量显著上升(图3B3C),与Huang等[35]和Awasthi等[36]发现的铝胁迫会引发植物O2-含量增加的结果一致。在铝处理条件下接种L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715显著降低了马尾松细根H2O2含量,但显著增加了马尾松细根的O2-含量(图3B3C),这与刘海燕等[14]发现的接种褐环乳牛肝菌减少铝胁迫下马尾松根尖O2-、H2O2及总ROS积累的结果不完全一致。O2-含量增加应与清除ROS的抗氧化酶有关。在植物根尖细胞中线粒体是植物细胞ROS生成的主要场所,O2-主要由线粒体电子传递链、质膜氧化酶或环境胁迫产生[35,37],经SOD催化歧化为H2O2和O2。O2-的清除主要依赖SOD,而L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715菌根苗细根这SOD活性与非菌根苗相比并未显著变化(图4A),导致O2-因未能及时转化为H2O2而过量积累,但这种积累并未对菌根苗造成损伤(图2)。
ROS作为信号分子可以激活植物的铝耐受机制,但ROS积累过量会使耐铝机制失效[36]。植物可以利用抗氧化系统清除过量ROS。SOD是抗氧化防御的第一道防线,它催化O2-分解为H2O2,H2O2随后经POD和CAT等酶的共同作用还原到水中[38]。Sun等[39]和Yin等[40]发现,褐环乳牛肝菌等ECMF可以通过提高SOD、POD和CAT等抗氧化酶活性帮助麻栎(Quercus acutissima)、樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica)等宿主植物抵御镉胁迫及干旱胁迫。本研究却发现,与非菌根苗相比,2种ECMF除对细根SOD活性无显著改变外,铝处理后马尾松幼苗细根抗氧化酶活性的反应因ECMF和抗氧化酶种类而异(图4):L. deliciosus 2显著升高了细根POD与CAT活性,而P. tinctorius 715则显著降低了细根POD活性,对CAT活性无显著影响。当马尾松幼苗感应到铝毒胁迫时会产生氧化应激反应,积累大量O2-,SOD在短期内活性升高用以分解O2-,但过量O2-积累会抑制SOD活性[41]。此外,植物根际土中铝浓度和形式的变化可能导致SOD活性波动,不同亚型SOD在植物中的活性表现也存在差异[42]。POD除清除H2O2减缓氧化损伤外,还介导木质素的单体物质合成,而接种ECMF有助于促进马尾松细根木质部的生成[28]。因此,L. deliciosus 2的定殖提高了马尾松细根POD活性,不仅有助于减轻铝毒对马尾松细根的氧化损伤,还可能参与到细根木质部细胞的形成而进一步提高马尾松的耐铝性,而P. tinctorius 715的定殖则未成功激活POD介导的防御机制,可能依赖于其他非POD主导的耐性途径,在未来研究中可对此进行探索。
植物可以通过促进脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等渗透调节物质的合成来维持细胞内渗透平衡,提高植物细胞抵御金属及其他环境胁迫的能力[43-44]。脯氨酸是植物细胞质中的游离氨基酸,具有渗透调节剂和抗氧化调节剂的作用,可保护植物膜系统[42,45]。铝胁迫下,植物可以通过上调胞内脯氨酸含量降低渗透势,防止细胞脱水[40]。马尾松非菌根苗针叶中脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等渗透调节物质的积累在铝处理后会增加[46],在本研究的马尾松非菌根苗细根中也发现了类似结果(图5)。与非菌根苗相比,铝处理下接种L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715会显著降低马尾松幼苗细根中的脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量,而可溶性糖含量无显著变化。张中峰等[47]和陈建妙等[48]的研究也发现,干旱胁迫下接种彩色豆马勃会降低青冈栎(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)和麻栎中的脯氨酸含量。在王文波等[32]、张天泽等[33]对蒙古栎与山新杨抵御盐胁迫和干旱胁迫的研究中则发现,厚环乳牛肝菌(Suillus grevillea)、美味牛肝菌(Boletus edulis)、褐环乳牛肝菌和卷边桩菇(Paxillus involutus)等ECMF的侵染增加了植物脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量。究其原因,可能与供试植物、ECMF与逆境胁迫种类不同有关。Gu等[12]研究发现双色蜡蘑可能通过磷的活化改善马尾松幼苗对养分及水分的吸收,植物可能无需积累大量可溶性糖维持渗透平衡,这导致了L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715菌根苗与非菌根苗间可溶性糖含量无显著差别。Li等[49]研究发现接种褐环乳牛肝菌可以调整马尾松碳分配模式,提高渗透调节能力。本研究中马尾松L. deliciosus 2和P. tinctorius 715菌根苗脯氨酸含量的降低也可能是因为菌根共生优化了植物资源分配策略[49],将原本用于脯氨酸合成的氮源和能量转向了其余抗逆途径,L. deliciosus 2菌根苗脯氨酸含量低于P. tinctorius 715菌根苗,说明P. tinctorius 715菌根苗细根细胞实际承受的铝毒压力仍大于L. deliciosus 2菌根苗,因此仍需动员相对更多的脯氨酸来维持细胞稳态,反映了其耐铝性的相对不足。植物通常会通过合成应激相关蛋白来应对铝毒[50],本研究中2种菌根苗可溶性蛋白含量的降低可能与因铝毒减轻后菌根苗对此类蛋白的合成需求降低有关。因此,接种ECMF对铝毒下的马尾松细根起到了较好的保护作用,细根只需较低的渗透调节物质即可维持渗透平衡。
通过研究ECMF侵染对铝胁迫下马尾松幼苗细根形态参数和抗氧化生理的影响发现,接种ECMF是提高马尾松耐铝性的有效生态策略,其核心机制在于ECMF通过双重途径介导了马尾松对铝胁迫的响应:一方面,通过促进细根形态发育增强马尾松根系对水分和养分的获取能力,为铝胁迫下的生长提供物质基础;另一方面,通过调节细根生理状态有效缓解氧化胁迫、维持细胞膜结构完整性并减少渗透调节物质的合成,从而直接抵御铝对根的原初毒害。此外,本研究揭示了ECMF菌种间存在功能差异,L. deliciosus 2在促进根系构建和抗氧化系统活性方面表现出比P. tinctorius 715更优的效果。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32171753)
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2026年第66卷第1期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250560
  • 接收时间:2025-07-22
  • 首发时间:2026-01-12
  • 出版时间:2026-01-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-22
  • 录用日期:2025-09-16
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171753)
国家自然科学基金(32171753)
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    西南大学 资源环境学院,重庆

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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