Article(id=1217471081758245852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1217471079325549522, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250474, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1750176000000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1756483200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-30, onlineDate=1768197325410, onlineDateStr=2026-01-12, pubDate=1767456000000, pubDateStr=2026-01-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768197325410, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768197325410, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768197325410, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217471079325549522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2026', volume='66', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='475', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768197324830, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768198886678, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217477630291530315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1217471079325549522, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217477630291530316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1217471079325549522, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=213, endPage=230, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217471081967961057, articleId=1217471081758245852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Structural differences and associated environmental factors of bacterial communities in water and sediment of Diannong River during winter, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] To explore the structural differences and associated environmental factors of bacterial communities in the water and sediment of river ecosystems during winter. [Methods] Fourteen sampling sites were established for Diannong River in winter. We employed high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to systematically analyze the bacterial community composition and diversity, constructed co-occurrence networks, and evaluated the roles of random processes in community assembly. Furthermore, we performed correlation analysis with environmental factors. [Results] The bacterial communities in the sediment had higher alpha diversity indexes than those in the water (P<0.001) and more stable community structures. The beta diversity decomposition showed that the community differences between water and sediment were mainly related to species turnover. Random processes dominated community assembly in both habitats. The co-occurrence network of bacteria in the sediment was more complex with stronger cooperation. Key species were primarily involved in carbon and sulfur cycles, and rare taxa played an important role in network stability. The bacterial communities in water were mainly influenced by environmental factors such as dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, and water temperature, while those in the sediment were influenced by pH, organic matter, and nitrogen factors. [Conclusion] This study systematically reveals the differences in the structure, co-occurrence network, and related environmental factors of bacterial communities in the water and sediment of Diannong River during winter, providing scientific evidence for a deeper understanding of the ecological adaptability of river bacterial communities in the freezing period and the different patterns of bacterial communities between water and sediment.

, correspAuthors=Xiaocong QIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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【目的】 探究冬季河流生态系统中水体与沉积物细菌群落的结构差异及其影响因素。 【方法】 以典农河为研究对象,冬季设置14个采样点,基于16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术系统分析细菌群落组成与多样性、构建共现网络、评估随机过程在群落组装中的作用,并进行环境因子相关性分析。 【结果】 沉积物细菌群落的α多样性指数显著高于水体(P<0.001),且其群落结构更稳定;β多样性分解表明两者的群落差异主要与物种周转相关;随机过程在两类群落构建中占主导地位;沉积物细菌群落的共现网络结构更复杂、协同性更强,关键物种主要参与碳、硫循环,稀有类群在网络稳定性中发挥重要作用;水体细菌群落主要受溶解氧(dissolved oxygen, DO)、叶绿素a (chlorophyll a, Chl-a)与水温(water temperature, WT)等因子调控,沉积物群落则受pH、有机质(soil organic matter, SOM)与氮素因子影响。 【结论】 本研究系统揭示了冬季典农河水体与沉积物细菌群落在结构组成、共现网络以及相关环境因子方面的差异特征,为深入理解冰冻期河流细菌群落的生态适应性及水体与沉积物细菌群落的差异格局提供了科学依据。

, correspAuthors=邱小琮, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=n0gO+FE0GfC7mkPrJz1E0g==, magXml=zuXAWfoHTcjiUD6JyipP8A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=GYLp2I2s3yMfJIU5sLsBFw==, pdfFileSize=3735991, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=lNYKnFQI2oagzc2shPrWiA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=sSUXaI9oxvcu0rsX/Y3wBA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

作者贡献声明

倪成:研究构思与设计,论文撰写与修改;赵增锋:论文审阅与修改,提供技术支持;邱小琮:基金获取,方法指导,论文审阅与修改;赵睿智:数据分析与验证;王楚尤:数据收集和处理;王凯:协助实验操作;周博:参与论文讨论。

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Journal of Environmental Management, 2023, 325: 116372., articleTitle=Nutrient dynamics and microbial community response in macrophyte-dominated lakes: implications for improved restoration strategies, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1226557141549498436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, awardId=2023AAC02026, language=EN, fundingSource=Natural Science Foundation of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2023AAC02026), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226557141687910476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, awardId=2023AAC02026, language=CN, fundingSource=宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金(2023AAC02026), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226557141834711125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, awardId=2025AAC030142, language=EN, fundingSource=Natural Science Foundation of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2025AAC030142), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226557141998288987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, awardId=2025AAC030142, language=CN, fundingSource=宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金(2025AAC030142), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226557142145089638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, awardId=NXYLXK2021A03, language=EN, fundingSource=First-class Discipline Construction Project for Higher Education Institutions in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Hydraulic Engineering)(NXYLXK2021A03), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226557142287695981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, awardId=NXYLXK2021A03, language=CN, fundingSource=宁夏回族自治区高等学校一流学科建设(水利工程)项目(NXYLXK2021A03), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226557128622654010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226557128635236925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, companyId=1226557128622654010, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226557128647819837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, companyId=1226557128622654010, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏大学 土木与水利工程学院,宁夏 银川)]), AuthorCompany(id=1226557128782037572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226557128786231877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, companyId=1226557128782037572, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226557128794620486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, companyId=1226557128782037572, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.宁夏大学 生命科学学院,宁夏 银川)]), AuthorCompany(id=1226557128899478093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226557128912061007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, companyId=1226557128899478093, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Ningxia Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226557128916255311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, companyId=1226557128899478093, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.宁夏生态环境监测中心,宁夏 银川)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1226557138080809912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Analysis of diversity, composition, and structural differences of bacterial communities in water and sediment samples from the Diannong River during winter. A: Alpha diversity indices (***: P<0.001); B: Composition of the top 10 bacterial phyla; C: Composition of the top 10 bacterial genera; D: PCoA analysis of bacterial communities in water and sediment; E: Decomposition of bacterial beta diversity., figureFileSmall=BDs574x1XfXsziP8LMVjQQ==, figureFileBig=Yziz5gTvErMaVLWFiHn3EQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557139464930242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, language=CN, label=图1, caption=典农河冬季水体与沉积物细菌群落多样性、组成及结构差异分析。A:α多样性指数;B:细菌门水平前10物种组成;C:细菌属水平前10物种组成;D:水体和沉积物细菌PCoA分析;E:细菌β多样性分解。, figureFileSmall=BDs574x1XfXsziP8LMVjQQ==, figureFileBig=Yziz5gTvErMaVLWFiHn3EQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557139620119500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Phylogenetic tree of bacterial communities (A) and LDA effect analysis (B) in Diannong River water and sediment during winter., figureFileSmall=y0Am2swUQNvSlodsyv3z8w==, figureFileBig=J94TOLTqhHVJU3vVF6AW8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557139762725849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, language=CN, label=图2, caption=典农河冬季水体与沉积物细菌群落系统发育树(A)LDA效应分析(B), figureFileSmall=y0Am2swUQNvSlodsyv3z8w==, figureFileBig=J94TOLTqhHVJU3vVF6AW8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557139875972067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Neutral model fitting and niche width analysis of bacterial communities in water and sediment samples from the Diannong River during winter. A: Neutral model fitting of bacterial communities [The solid line represents the best fit line of the model, and the R2 value is used to assess the degree of fit between this curve and the data points; The dashed lines indicate the upper and lower bounds of the 95% confidence interval of the model predictions; Nm represents the product of the average total number of individuals of species (N) in the samples and the migration rate (m)]; B: Niche breadth of bacterial communities in water and sediment (ns: Not significant)., figureFileSmall=ZeS4JIiGh6QXT2YMV0ur/Q==, figureFileBig=EdN5tEW336LGDg4xFC3RWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557140077298672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, language=CN, label=图3, caption=典农河冬季水体与沉积物细菌群落中性模型拟合及生态位宽度分析。A:细菌群落中性模型拟合(实线表示模型的最佳拟合线,R2值用于评估该曲线与数据点的拟合程度;虚线表示模型预测的95%置信区间的上下限;Nm 表示样本中物种个体总数的平均值N与迁移率m的乘积);B:水体和沉积物细菌生态位宽度(ns:无显著性差异)。, figureFileSmall=ZeS4JIiGh6QXT2YMV0ur/Q==, figureFileBig=EdN5tEW336LGDg4xFC3RWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557140232487925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Co-occurrence network and Zi-Pi analysis of bacterial communities in Diannong River water and sediment during winter. A: Bacterial co-occurrence network analysis; B: Zi-Pi analysis [In each group (water, sediment), the left panel shows node colouring based on phylum level, while the right panel shows node colouring based on modularity class; Larger node sizes indicate larger average degree]., figureFileSmall=MqzOlsze1Qj8oUMSjcKDww==, figureFileBig=5K4lEKn1UDLoOu4+JwBzcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557140349928444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, language=CN, label=图4, caption=典农河冬季水体与沉积物细菌群落共现网络与 Zi-Pi 分析。A:细菌共现网络分析;B:Zi-Pi分析[在每个分组(water,sediment)中左图基于门水平进行节点上色,右图基于模块类别进行节点上色;节点越大表示平均度越大]。, figureFileSmall=MqzOlsze1Qj8oUMSjcKDww==, figureFileBig=5K4lEKn1UDLoOu4+JwBzcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557140475756546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Correlation analysis between bacterial community structure, functional abundance, and environmental factors in Diannong River water and sediment during winter. A: Mantel test between environmental factors and bacterial communities (* indicates P<0.05, ** indicates P<0.01, ***indicates P<0.001; In the Mantel analysis heatmap, the deeper the color and the larger the area of the rectangle, the greater the absolute value of the correlation coefficient); B: CCA analysis of environmental factors and bacterial communities., figureFileSmall=aFsPp1QxGnI6nZ9/vJV7gA==, figureFileBig=NivNhDAJ7AMoq2BtdWmu9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557140639334411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, language=CN, label=图5, caption=典农河冬季水体与沉积物细菌群落结构及功能丰度与环境因子相关性分析。A:环境因子与细菌群落的Mantel检验(*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001;Mantel分析热图中颜色越深,矩形面积越大代表相关性系数的绝对值越大);B:环境因子与细菌群落的CCA分析。, figureFileSmall=aFsPp1QxGnI6nZ9/vJV7gA==, figureFileBig=NivNhDAJ7AMoq2BtdWmu9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226557140739997712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Geographic coordinates of the sampling sites in the Diannong River

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

采样点编号

Sampling sites number

经度

Longitude (E)

纬度

Latitude (N)

DN1106.092 141°38.246 516°
DN2106.124 942°38.281 131°
DN3106.138 243°38.312 258°
DN4106.185 612°38.328 231°
DN5106.217 437°38.396 669°
DN6106.210 558°38.429 898°
DN7106.235 055°38.422 793°
DN8106.246 261°38.433 712°
DN9106.208 497°38.459 421°
DN10106.211 232°38.473 686°
DN11106.211 693°38.486 617°
DN12106.240 445°38.613 304°
DN13106.251 915°38.670 969°
DN14106.318 387°38.704 847°
), ArticleFig(id=1226557140853243928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

典农河采样点坐标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

采样点编号

Sampling sites number

经度

Longitude (E)

纬度

Latitude (N)

DN1106.092 141°38.246 516°
DN2106.124 942°38.281 131°
DN3106.138 243°38.312 258°
DN4106.185 612°38.328 231°
DN5106.217 437°38.396 669°
DN6106.210 558°38.429 898°
DN7106.235 055°38.422 793°
DN8106.246 261°38.433 712°
DN9106.208 497°38.459 421°
DN10106.211 232°38.473 686°
DN11106.211 693°38.486 617°
DN12106.240 445°38.613 304°
DN13106.251 915°38.670 969°
DN14106.318 387°38.704 847°
), ArticleFig(id=1226557140958101536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Major physicochemical parameters of water and sediment in the Diannong River during winter

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Physicochemical indicatorsWaterSediment
WT3.36±1.65 ℃
pH8.11±0.108.46±0.14
DO12.450±5.680 mg/L
EC749.930±370.220 μs/cm304.290±191.880
TDS622.000±291.710 mg/L
NH3-N0.315±0.108 mg/L
Chl-a8.740±8.660 µg/L
TN2.916±3.151 mg/L1.045±1.234 g/kg
TP0.111±0.051 mg/L0.475±0.347 g/kg
AP0.002±0.001 mg/L9.688±7.045 mg/kg
NO2--N0.032±0.027 mg/L
CODMn3.521±1.267 mg/L
SO42-403.520±166.620 mg/L
SOM24.340±31.690 g/kg
NH4+-N34.860±25.800 mg/kg
NO3--N7.185±4.568 mg/kg
), ArticleFig(id=1226557141067153444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

典农河冬季水体与沉积物主要理化参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Physicochemical indicatorsWaterSediment
WT3.36±1.65 ℃
pH8.11±0.108.46±0.14
DO12.450±5.680 mg/L
EC749.930±370.220 μs/cm304.290±191.880
TDS622.000±291.710 mg/L
NH3-N0.315±0.108 mg/L
Chl-a8.740±8.660 µg/L
TN2.916±3.151 mg/L1.045±1.234 g/kg
TP0.111±0.051 mg/L0.475±0.347 g/kg
AP0.002±0.001 mg/L9.688±7.045 mg/kg
NO2--N0.032±0.027 mg/L
CODMn3.521±1.267 mg/L
SO42-403.520±166.620 mg/L
SOM24.340±31.690 g/kg
NH4+-N34.860±25.800 mg/kg
NO3--N7.185±4.568 mg/kg
), ArticleFig(id=1226557141184593966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Topological parameters of bacterial community co-occurrence networks in water and sediment samples from the Diannong River during winter

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

分组

Groups

节点数

Nodes

边数

Edges

平均度

Average degree

平均路径长度

Average path length

正相关比例

Proportion of positive correlation

模块化指数

Modularity index

平均聚类系数

Average clustering coefficient

Water3134552.9074.3640.953 80.8690.483
Sediment9381 4823.16012.8900.992 50.9230.534
), ArticleFig(id=1226557141272674355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1217471081758245852, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

典农河冬季水体与沉积物细菌群落共现网络拓扑特征参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

分组

Groups

节点数

Nodes

边数

Edges

平均度

Average degree

平均路径长度

Average path length

正相关比例

Proportion of positive correlation

模块化指数

Modularity index

平均聚类系数

Average clustering coefficient

Water3134552.9074.3640.953 80.8690.483
Sediment9381 4823.16012.8900.992 50.9230.534
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典农河冬季水体与沉积物细菌群落结构的差异特征及其影响因素
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倪成 1 , 赵增锋 1 , 邱小琮 2, * , 赵睿智 3 , 王楚尤 1 , 王凯 1 , 周博 1
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026,66(1): 213-230
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2026, 66(1): 213-230
典农河冬季水体与沉积物细菌群落结构的差异特征及其影响因素
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倪成1, 赵增锋1, 邱小琮2, * , 赵睿智3, 王楚尤1, 王凯1, 周博1
作者信息
  • 1.宁夏大学 土木与水利工程学院,宁夏 银川
  • 2.宁夏大学 生命科学学院,宁夏 银川
  • 3.宁夏生态环境监测中心,宁夏 银川
Structural differences and associated environmental factors of bacterial communities in water and sediment of Diannong River during winter
Cheng NI1, Zengfeng ZHAO1, Xiaocong QIU2, * , Ruizhi ZHAO3, Chuyou WANG1, Kai WANG1, Bo ZHOU1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
  • 2.School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
  • 3.Ningxia Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
出版时间: 2026-01-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250474
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【目的】 探究冬季河流生态系统中水体与沉积物细菌群落的结构差异及其影响因素。 【方法】 以典农河为研究对象,冬季设置14个采样点,基于16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术系统分析细菌群落组成与多样性、构建共现网络、评估随机过程在群落组装中的作用,并进行环境因子相关性分析。 【结果】 沉积物细菌群落的α多样性指数显著高于水体(P<0.001),且其群落结构更稳定;β多样性分解表明两者的群落差异主要与物种周转相关;随机过程在两类群落构建中占主导地位;沉积物细菌群落的共现网络结构更复杂、协同性更强,关键物种主要参与碳、硫循环,稀有类群在网络稳定性中发挥重要作用;水体细菌群落主要受溶解氧(dissolved oxygen, DO)、叶绿素a (chlorophyll a, Chl-a)与水温(water temperature, WT)等因子调控,沉积物群落则受pH、有机质(soil organic matter, SOM)与氮素因子影响。 【结论】 本研究系统揭示了冬季典农河水体与沉积物细菌群落在结构组成、共现网络以及相关环境因子方面的差异特征,为深入理解冰冻期河流细菌群落的生态适应性及水体与沉积物细菌群落的差异格局提供了科学依据。

典农河  /  水体  /  沉积物  /  细菌  /  共现网络

[Objective] To explore the structural differences and associated environmental factors of bacterial communities in the water and sediment of river ecosystems during winter. [Methods] Fourteen sampling sites were established for Diannong River in winter. We employed high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to systematically analyze the bacterial community composition and diversity, constructed co-occurrence networks, and evaluated the roles of random processes in community assembly. Furthermore, we performed correlation analysis with environmental factors. [Results] The bacterial communities in the sediment had higher alpha diversity indexes than those in the water (P<0.001) and more stable community structures. The beta diversity decomposition showed that the community differences between water and sediment were mainly related to species turnover. Random processes dominated community assembly in both habitats. The co-occurrence network of bacteria in the sediment was more complex with stronger cooperation. Key species were primarily involved in carbon and sulfur cycles, and rare taxa played an important role in network stability. The bacterial communities in water were mainly influenced by environmental factors such as dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, and water temperature, while those in the sediment were influenced by pH, organic matter, and nitrogen factors. [Conclusion] This study systematically reveals the differences in the structure, co-occurrence network, and related environmental factors of bacterial communities in the water and sediment of Diannong River during winter, providing scientific evidence for a deeper understanding of the ecological adaptability of river bacterial communities in the freezing period and the different patterns of bacterial communities between water and sediment.

Diannong River  /  water  /  sediment  /  bacteria  /  co-occurrence network
倪成, 赵增锋, 邱小琮, 赵睿智, 王楚尤, 王凯, 周博. 典农河冬季水体与沉积物细菌群落结构的差异特征及其影响因素. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (1) : 213 -230 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250474
Cheng NI, Zengfeng ZHAO, Xiaocong QIU, Ruizhi ZHAO, Chuyou WANG, Kai WANG, Bo ZHOU. Structural differences and associated environmental factors of bacterial communities in water and sediment of Diannong River during winter[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (1) : 213 -230 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250474
细菌是水生态系统中的重要组成部分,广泛分布于不同类型的水体和沉积物环境中[1-2]。它们在水质维持、污染物降解及养分循环等关键生态过程中发挥着重要作用[3],其群落结构和功能被视为衡量水体健康状况的重要生态指示因子[4]。水生细菌主要来源于雨水、地下水及土壤,在特定区域的停留时间通常较短[5]。周边异质景观、水质、土地利用以及地貌等诸多因素会引发水文条件的局部变化[6],导致不同水体之间的细菌群落通常存在较大差异[7]。沉积物中的细菌群落是在沉积过程中经长期堆积、沉积和侵蚀而形成的[8]。因此,水体与沉积物中细菌群落的多样性、组成以及环境驱动因素可能各不相同[9]。同时,水体和沉积物作为河流生态系统中紧密耦合的单元,其物理化学性质存在显著差异。水体环境动态性强,溶解氧波动大,污染物扩散迅速[10];而沉积物具有较强的吸附能力和还原性,能为细菌提供更为稳定的栖息条件[11]。冬季冰封期进一步加剧了这种介质分异。冰层覆盖导致低温、光照锐减、溶解氧梯度变化,且水-沉积物界面物质交换受限,形成了独特的冰-水-沉积物三维生境,各自内部及交界面物理化学性质的显著差异为细菌提供了多样的栖息地[12]。针对不同生境,细菌群落通常表现出不同的多样性特征和专门的生存策略[13]。综上所述,系统解析冰封期水体与沉积物细菌群落的分异规律,对揭示寒冷季节河流生态系统的物质循环机制、评估细菌的生态服务功能,以及推动寒旱区冰冻条件下水生态系统的保护和修复具有重要的科学意义。
目前,关于水体和沉积物中细菌群落的研究已引起一定关注。刘幸春等[14]、彭柯等[15]研究发现,沉积物中的细菌群落多样性及丰富度高于水体,而水体中群落的相似性较沉积物群落更高。张伟等[16]研究发现,潮白河沉积物细菌群落的多样性高于水体,且两者在功能上各有侧重。尤本胜等[17]研究了太湖4个湖区水体和沉积物中细菌群落的组成、多样性和分布特征,发现水体中电导率、pH、重金属组成以及沉积物孔隙度等显著影响细菌群落的丰富度和独特性。王丹丹等[18]研究发现,青藏高原湖泊中沉积物细菌群落的多样性高于水体细菌群落,且在沉积物细菌群落构建过程中确定性过程起重要作用,而水体细菌群落则以随机性过程为主。过去的研究中关于湖泊水体和沉积物细菌群落的研究较多,且大多数研究主要集中在对水体和沉积物中细菌群落组成和多样性的分析上,鲜有系统比较2个介质内部群落相互作用、组装过程以及与环境因子相关性的差异。此外,过去的研究多集中于夏秋季节,对于冬季低温环境下细菌群落的研究还相对缺乏,而寒冷、干旱等气候变化对生态系统的影响越来越大[19]
本研究聚焦典农河冬季冰封期,系统揭示水体与沉积物细菌群落在组成、多样性及相关环境因子方面的分异特征,解析两类介质内部群落的共现网络结构特征及群落构建过程,通过线性判别分析效应大小(linear discriminant analysis effect size, LEfSe)分析鉴别水体与沉积物各自的关键差异指示物种,量化环境因子对两类群落结构的影响,以期为寒冷干旱地区水生态系统的保护与修复提供微生物学理论支撑。
典农河位于宁夏回族自治区,发源于银川市永宁县,流经6个县(区),全长180.5 km,最终汇入黄河。沿河有多条排水沟道及滞洪区汇入,连接多个湖泊湿地,水域总面积约46.7 km2。流域属半干旱温带大陆性气候,年降水量约200 mm,蒸发量约1 800 mm,多年平均流量为5.1 m3/s,年径流量约1.6亿m3[20-21]。典农河通常在每年11月开始结冰,1月完全封冻,3月开始解冻。本研究自南向北布设14个采样点,覆盖主要河段,避开死水与回水区,优先选择河岸稳定、水流平缓的区域以确保样本具有代表性。采样工作于2022年1月开展,采样点信息见表1
用干净的冰镩凿开冰面,使用采水器在约50 cm深度处采集3份水样,混合后分为2份:1份用于抽滤收集细菌,进行DNA提取和16S rRNA基因高通量测序;另1份冷藏保存,用于理化分析。沉积物样品采用抓斗式采泥器原位采集,每个采样点采集3次并混合均匀,其中1份用于细菌分析,另1份冷藏用于理化指标测定。
水体理化指标共分析13项,水温(water temperature, WT)、溶解氧(dissolved oxygen, DO)、pH、电导率(electrical conductivity, EC)、总溶解性固体(total dissolved solids, TDS)通过多参数水质分析仪(HACH公司)现场测定;其余指标包括总磷(total phosphorus, TP)、有效磷(available phosphorus, AP)、总氮(total nitrogen, TN)、氨氮(NH3-N)、亚硝氮(NO2--N)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、叶绿素a (Chl-a)和SO42-均按照《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)中的相关方法测定。沉积物理化指标共分析8项,包括pH、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、有机质(SOM)、铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、有效磷(AP)和电导率(EC),测定方法参考文献[22]。
采用细菌16S rRNA基因扩增子测序技术分析细菌群落组成[23-24]。首先,使用DNA提取试剂盒[天根生化科技(北京)有限公司]提取样品总DNA,并利用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测其纯度和浓度。随后,使用引物341F (5′-CCTAYGGG RBGCASCAG-3′)和806R (5′-GGACTACNNGG GTATCTAAT-3′)进行PCR扩增16S rRNA基因的V3-V4可变区域。PCR反应体系(50 μL):2×Phanta Max Buffer 25 μL,dNTP Mix (10 mmol/L) 1 μL,上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)各2 μL,DNA聚合酶(5 U/μL) 1 μL,DNA 1 μL (<50 ng/μL),ddH2O 18 μL。PCR扩增条件:98 ℃ 1 min;98 ℃ 10 s,50 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 30 s,共30次循环;72 ℃ 5 min。扩增产物经2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳验证,合格样品进行磁珠纯化、等量混样,并回收目标条带构建文库。文库经过Qubit和qPCR定量后,在NovaSeq 6000平台进行上机测序。测序所得原始数据经QIIME 2软件中的DADA2插件进行质量控制、去噪、拼接和去嵌合体,最终基于100%序列相似性形成扩增子序列变体(amplicon sequence variant, ASV)序列表[25]。物种注释通过对比Silva数据库(version 138)完成[26]。测序和注释工作由北京诺禾致源科技股份有限公司完成。
采用Excel 2021和SPSS 29.0对水体和沉积物的理化指标及细菌丰度数据进行整理与基本统计分析。除特别说明外,所有图表均使用R软件(v4.4.3)绘制。理化数据以均值±标准差表示。细菌α多样性指数(observed species、Shannon、Simpson和Chao1)通过R中的Vegan包计算,并采用Wilcoxon秩和检验评估水体与沉积物间的差异。细菌群落结构差异基于Bray-Curtis距离进行主坐标分析(principal coordinate analysis, PCoA),并利用adespatial包进行β多样性分解,计算14组水体-沉积物样本对的总差异(total dissimilarity, Total_D)、物种替代(replacement)和丰度梯度(gradient),分析各组分的相对贡献。群落差异物种通过microeco包进行LEfSe分析,考虑指示类群的数量及生物学意义,设置LDA阈值为4[13],并通过柱状图和系统发育树进行可视化。细菌群落的组装机制采用中性群落模型(neutral community model, NCM)进行评估,使用R中stats4包拟合模型估算随机过程对群落构建的解释程度。同时,采用spaa包计算各样本的生态位宽度(ecological niche breadth)。
在共现网络分析中筛选相对丰度大于0.01%且检出频率大于20%的ASVs,使用psych包进行Spearman相关性分析,筛选r>0.7且P<0.05的关系构建网络[27]。网络构建与可视化由Gephi (v0.10.1)完成,并通过Zi-Pi分析识别关键物种。为探究细菌群落与环境因子的关系,首先采用去趋势对应分析(detrended correspondence analysis, DCA)评估样本分布特征,最大梯度长度(lengths of gradient, LOG)分别为3.67 (水体)与6.23 (沉积物),适合采用典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis, CCA)。为降低多重共线性干扰,计算方差膨胀因子(variance inflation factor, VIF)并排除VIF>10的变量后进行CCA分析。此外,通过Mantel检验(Spearman相关性)分析细菌群落结构与环境因子之间的关系。
典农河冬季水体与沉积物的主要理化参数见表2。水体平均温度为3.36 ℃ (范围0.60-5.60 ℃),呈现出典型的冬季低温特征,水体和沉积物整体均为弱碱性环境。水体中DO含量较高,EC、TDS、TN和Chl-a等指标具有明显的空间异质性。沉积物环境中SOM和TN含量丰富,其中TN、TP、NH4+-N、AP浓度明显高于水体,而EC则低于水体,反映了2种介质在营养盐分布与富集特征上的差异。
α多样性分析结果(图1A)显示,沉积物样品中细菌群落的Observed species、Shannon和Chao1指数均显著高于水体样品(P<0.001),分别高出176.3%、39.8%和175.5%,表明沉积物环境中具有更高的物种丰富度与多样性,细菌群落结构更为复杂。在相对丰度前10的菌门中(图1B),水体以假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteriota)为优势类群;而沉积物中则还包括脱硫杆菌门(Desulfobacterota)、绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexi)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)。然而,放线菌门、拟杆菌门和蓝细菌门在沉积物中的相对丰度明显低于水体样品。在属水平上(图1C),水体样品以LimnohabitansRhodoferaxPolynucleobacter为优势属,而这些菌属在沉积物样品中的相对丰度均降至极低水平。相反,Thiobacillus属在沉积物样品中明显富集。为了更全面地展示空间尺度上的细菌组成特征,进一步绘制了各采样点的细菌群落相对丰度图,数据存储在国家微生物科学数据中心NMDC (https://nmdc.cn),编号为NMDCX0002159。
主坐标分析(PCoA)进一步揭示了两类介质间的群落分异格局。结果显示(图1D),两类样品的细菌群落在PCoA空间中明显分离,PCoA1和PCoA2分别解释了35.16%和6.27%的群落变异。沉积物样品在PCoA空间内呈现较为聚集的分布特征,而水体样品分布较为离散,表明水体细菌群落更易受局部环境异质性的影响,而沉积物群落结构则相对稳定。β多样性分解结果表明(图1E),两类样品间的群落差异主要由物种周转主导,其贡献率为80.5%,丰富度差异贡献率为1.2%,群落相似性占18.3%,说明水体与沉积物细菌群落的分异主要源于物种组成的更替而非丰富度差异。
LEfSe分析结果显示(图2),水体和沉积物中共识别到63个具有显著差异的指示物种。在水体中LDA值排名前10的指示类群依次为:丛毛单胞菌科(Comamonadaceae)、放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、伯克霍尔德菌目(Burkholderiales)、孢链霉科(Sporichthyaceae)、弗兰克菌目(Frankiales)、假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、湖水定植菌属(Limnohabitans)、拟杆菌纲(Bacteroidia)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)。沉积物中前10的指示物种包括:还原硫杆菌门(Desulfobacterota)、喜氢菌科(Hydrogenophilaceae)、硫杆菌属(Thiobacillus)、绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexi)、厌氧线状菌纲(Anaerolineae)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、还原硫杆菌纲(Desulfobacteria)、拟杆菌目(Bacteroidales)、还原硫杆菌目(Desulfobacterales)、芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)。
本研究采用中性群落模型评估随机过程在细菌群落组装中的作用。结果显示(图3A),模型对水体和沉积物群落均具有较好的拟合效果,拟合度(R2)分别为0.542和0.603,表明随机扩散过程在2种介质的群落构建中发挥着重要作用。相比之下,沉积物的拟合度略高,说明其群落结构受随机过程影响更为显著,而水体群落可能受非随机过程的驱动作用更大。生态位宽度比较发现(图3B),两类群落间无显著差异(P>0.05),表明2种介质中细菌群落在资源利用与环境适应策略方面趋于一致,具有相似的生态位特征和对环境变化的响应能力。
为揭示不同介质中细菌群落的相互作用模式及其网络结构特征,基于相关性矩阵构建了水体和沉积物的细菌共现网络(图4A),并总结了其网络的相关性与拓扑特征(表3)。通过模块化分析以及节点拓扑角色划分(模块内连通性Zi和模块间连通性Pi)识别了关键细菌类群(图4B),用于比较两类介质的网络特征差异。
结果显示,两类网络结构存在明显差异。共现网络中对相对丰度前10的菌门和占比最高的前5个模块进行着色以展示群落结构的主要构成。从网络结构来看,沉积物网络(节点:938;边数:1 482)在复杂度和规模上均高于水体网络(节点:313;边数:455)。沉积物网络的平均度(3.160)、正相关比例(99.25%)、模块化指数(0.923)和平均聚类系数(0.534)均高于水体(平均度:2.907;正相关比例:95.38%;模块化指数:0.869;聚类系数:0.483),表明沉积物群落物种间的共存关系更紧密、协同性更强,具有更明显的模块分化与较高的系统稳定性。根据Zi-Pi分析,2个网络中共识别出10个模块枢纽和1个连接器枢纽。其中,水体网络中3个模块枢纽分别来自假单胞菌门、拟杆菌门和芽孢杆菌门;沉积物网络中7个模块枢纽来自假单胞菌门、放线菌门、脱硫杆菌门和拟杆菌门等多个菌门,唯一的连接器节点来自假单胞菌门。模块枢纽通常被视为维系模块内部稳定的关键物种,其在群落中具有较强的局部影响力;而连接器则在多个模块之间建立联系,有助于促进不同功能单元之间的物质与信息传递。沉积物中模块枢纽数量更多且菌门分布更广,说明其群落网络中存在更复杂的功能分工与协作体系,生态结构更稳健;而水体网络中核心节点较少,且集中于少数类群,表明其关键生态功能可能依赖少数物种驱动,抗干扰能力可能较弱。
本研究结合Mantel检验和CCA排序分析系统评估了环境因子对细菌群落结构的影响,明确典农河冬季水体与沉积物细菌群落的主要环境影响因子。Mantel分析结果显示(图5A),水体细菌群落与多数环境因子呈正相关,尤其与DO (P<0.05)和TN的相关性最强;与TP、AP和NO2--N表现为负相关。沉积物细菌群落则与SOM、TN、NO3--N、TP和AP呈负相关,而与pH (P<0.05)、NH4+-N和EC呈正相关。
CCA排序结果进一步揭示了细菌群落与环境因子的对应关系(图5B)。水体中VIF分析筛选掉EC、TDS、CODMn后,CCA1和CCA2共解释了44.47%的群落变异。DO、WT、Chl-a和pH为主要相关因子,说明需氧代谢和富营养状态是水体细菌群落构建的关键因素。沉积物群落中VIF筛选掉了TN和AP,CCA1与CCA2共解释了68.51%的变异,解释率明显高于水体。影响沉积物细菌群落的主要因子包括TP、NH4+-N、SOM、EC和NO3--N,这些变量的排序方向几乎一致,与大多数样本点分布方向相同,显示出群落结构受这些因子联合作用的影响。值得注意的是,pH虽具有较强解释力,但其方向与上述营养盐类因子相反,说明其调控趋势可能与营养盐等主导因子的作用存在一定拮抗或独立性。
典农河冬季水体与沉积物细菌群落在多样性和结构组成上存在显著差异。PCoA分析显示,两类介质样本在群落结构上明显分离,沉积物样本结构变异性较低,且α多样性指数(Chao1、Observed species和Shannon)显著高于水体,表明沉积物中细菌群落具有更高的丰富度与多样性,结构更为稳定。这一结果与已有研究一致,支持了沉积物环境维系更高微生物多样性和生态稳定性的观点[15-16]。这种差异主要源于两类介质的环境属性不同。水体作为开放且流动的系统,容易受到温度、流速和外源污染物等因素的影响,导致局部环境常发生快速变化,进而加剧了细菌群落的动态变化[28-29]。沉积物环境相对封闭稳定,固体颗粒为微生物提供了稳定的附着基质和营养供给,有利于群落的持久定殖和结构维持[17,30]。β多样性分析结果表明,水体与沉积物群落差异主要由物种周转驱动,而非嵌套性过程,即差异源于物种替换而非数量增减,这表明两类介质间的环境差异促使微生物群落结构在不同生境中发生分化,生态位适应与环境选择在群落构建中发挥了重要作用[31]。中性群落模型拟合结果显示,水体与沉积物细菌群落均具有较好的拟合度,说明扩散限制、生态漂变等随机过程在群落构建中发挥了重要作用。结合生态位宽度分析,水体与沉积物群落在资源利用策略上表现出较高的一致性,表明两者在一定程度上具有相似的生态适应特征。
群落组成上,水体和沉积物的优势菌门主要包括假单胞菌门(水体:29%-69%;沉积物:27%-44%)、放线菌门(水体:7%-40%;沉积物:3%-7%)和拟杆菌门(水体:5%-23%;沉积物:5%-16%),这些菌群在两类介质中均占据较高比例,与既往研究结果一致[13,30],表明这些菌群在有机物降解、养分循环及环境适应方面发挥着关键作用。水体样本中蓝细菌门的相对丰度明显高于沉积物,作为典型的光能自养菌,其通过光合作用固定CO2,并释放O2,在维持水体溶解氧平衡与初级生产力方面具有关键生态功能[32]。沉积物中则富集脱硫杆菌门、绿屈挠菌门和酸杆菌门,彭柯等[15]、张伟等[16]的研究中也得到了相似结果。酸杆菌门广泛分布于多种生态系统中,尤其在土壤中具有高度多样性[33]。绿屈挠菌门代谢方式多样,包括光能自养、化能异养等多种路径,广泛参与C、N、S等元素的生物地球化学循环,是沉积环境中重要的功能类群[34]
共现网络分析结果表明,沉积物细菌群落在网络结构的复杂性和稳定性方面均优于水体。沉积物网络具有更多的节点和边数,且平均聚类系数和模块化指数均明显更高,表明其内部物种协作关系更紧密,模块划分更清晰。这种高度模块化的网络结构有助于提高系统对环境变化的缓冲能力,从而提升群落稳定性与生态功能的持续性[35]。这一结果与王丹丹等[18]关于高原湖泊沉积物与水体细菌群落的研究结果一致,支持沉积物中微生物群落协同互作关系更强的观点。在共现网络中边的正相关比例可反映物种间的互惠共生关系[36]。本研究中水体和沉积物网络边的正相关比例分别为95.38%和99.25%,说明两者均以协同互作关系为主,尤其沉积物中物种间的合作关系更为紧密。这种高比例的正相关有助于提高物种在恶劣环境中的复原力[27],但目前其背后的确切机制尚不清楚[37]。此外,网络中识别的关键节点通常在维系网络结构和功能方面发挥核心作用,其缺失可能导致局部模块甚至网络的解体[38]。本研究中假单胞菌门和放线菌门是最丰富的2个优势类群,再次验证了它们在有机物降解、营养转化和环境适应中的重要性[39]Zi-Pi分析进一步识别了关键物种及其生态角色。水体中Limnohabitans_sp.、Sargassum_vachellianumLachnospiraceae等物种被鉴定为模块枢纽,研究表明它们广泛参与有机碳降解、碳固定和代谢调控,在维系水体微生物网络稳定性中发挥重要作用[40-42]。沉积物中识别出的关键物种包括Alsobacter_sp.、ThiobacillusWCHB1-81Smithella等,这些类群与硫循环、碳循环密切相关,构成底泥微生态系统中的功能核心[43-44],而沉积物中更多的关键物种在一定程度上促进了网络稳定性[45]。值得注意的是,这些关键物种大多为低丰度菌群,这表明稀有类群在维持微生物网络稳定性方面发挥着重要作用[46]
Mantel分析结果显示,水体细菌群落结构与多数环境因子呈正相关,尤其与DO (P<0.05)和TN的相关性最强,表明水体细菌群落的变化与DO和TN的水平密切相关,这与水体中需氧代谢占主导的特征一致。Bush等[47]的研究表明,DO浓度的波动显著影响微生物群落动态,好氧生物在富氧水域繁衍生息,而在缺氧条件下厌氧生物则占据优势。此外,已有研究也证实氮磷营养物和DO是水体细菌群落的主要调控因子[48-49]
CCA分析结果显示,水体细菌群落结构的变化主要受DO、WT、Chl-a和pH的影响,进一步证明溶解氧与营养盐水平对水体细菌群落有强烈影响,同时温度也起到了重要作用[50]。此外,水体中的群落分布呈现明显的梯度变化,这与PCoA的结果一致,反映了水体中细菌群落沿环境梯度发生适应性变化。沉积物中细菌群落结构与SOM、TN、NO3⁻-N、TP、AP等环境因子呈负相关,而与pH (P<0.05)、NH4⁺-N和EC呈正相关。先前的研究指出,pH与沉积物细菌群落多样性呈正相关[51-52],并被认为是决定沉积物细菌群落结构的主要影响因子,本研究结果与之相符。同样地,CCA结果显示pH在沉积物样本中的解释贡献最大,其变化趋势在一定程度上独立于营养盐因子的调控。有机质和氮素因子也是影响沉积物微生物群落的重要因素。有机质提供了丰富的碳源与能量,增强了微生物分解活性。然而,Yang等[53]指出,有机质的增加会导致原核生物群落丰富度降低,并使网络结构趋于简化,但会增加原核生物和真菌群体之间的相互作用。这可能是细菌群落与有机质呈负相关的原因。氮素因子与微生物群落活动密切相关,微生物通过降解可溶性氮并将其转化为可利用营养物质来维持水体的生态平衡。先前的研究发现TN是影响沉积物细菌群落结构和稳定性的关键因子,能够推动群落组装机制由随机向决定性转变[54-55]
(1) 典农河冬季沉积物细菌群落的α多样性指数显著高于水体群落,两者的群落结构明显分离,沉积物群落结构更为稳定。β多样性分解结果表明,两类群落差异主要源于物种周转。中性群落模型在水体与沉积物中均表现出较好的拟合度,表明随机过程在群落构建中占据主导地位。
(2) 共现网络分析显示,沉积物细菌群落在网络规模、模块化指数和平均聚类系数等指标上均高于水体群落,其结构更为复杂且更具稳定性。沉积物群落网络中关键物种数量更多,生态角色多样,协同互作能力更强,增强了系统对环境干扰的抵抗力。此外,关键物种多为低丰度类群,其在维持群落功能和网络稳定性中发挥着不可替代的作用。
(3) 水体细菌群落结构主要受溶解氧、水温和初级生产相关因子影响,沉积物群落则受pH、有机质、氮素等因子影响显著。
  • 宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金(2023AAC02026)
  • 宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金(2025AAC030142)
  • 宁夏回族自治区高等学校一流学科建设(水利工程)项目(NXYLXK2021A03)
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2026年第66卷第1期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250474
  • 接收时间:2025-06-18
  • 首发时间:2026-01-12
  • 出版时间:2026-01-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-18
  • 录用日期:2025-08-30
基金
Natural Science Foundation of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2023AAC02026)
宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金(2023AAC02026)
Natural Science Foundation of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2025AAC030142)
宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金(2025AAC030142)
First-class Discipline Construction Project for Higher Education Institutions in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Hydraulic Engineering)(NXYLXK2021A03)
宁夏回族自治区高等学校一流学科建设(水利工程)项目(NXYLXK2021A03)
作者信息
    1.宁夏大学 土木与水利工程学院,宁夏 银川
    2.宁夏大学 生命科学学院,宁夏 银川
    3.宁夏生态环境监测中心,宁夏 银川

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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