Article(id=1204800737420223380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1204800727341310425, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250379, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1746720000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1756915200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-04, onlineDate=1765176479916, onlineDateStr=2025-12-08, pubDate=1764777600000, pubDateStr=2025-12-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765176479916, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765176479916, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765176479916, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1204800727341310425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='12', pageStart='5191', pageEnd='5649', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765176477513, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765176611928, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1204801291189986067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1204800727341310425, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1204801291189986068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1204800727341310425, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5406, endPage=5423, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1204800737738990511, articleId=1204800737420223380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps induced by influenza A virus, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) induced by influenza A virus (IAV) subtype H1N1 was investigated both qualitatively and quantitatively. Methods Mouse bone marrow neutrophils were isolated, purified, and characterized. NETs were induced in vitro using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Additionally, IAV groups with three different titers: one hundred 50% tissue culture infective doses (100 TCID50), 50 TCID50, and 25 TCID50 as well as the normal control group were established, and the intracellular nucleoprotein (NP) mRNA expression levels of the IAV groups were detected using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The effect of each factor on neutrophils was assessed by measuring the concentration of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the supernatant of each group using the quantitative SYTOX Green staining method. The NETs structure in each group of cells was observed under a fluorescence microscope after Hoechst 33342 staining. An immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect the expression levels of NET characteristic markers citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3), peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and neutrophil elastase (NE) proteins, as well as the nuclear co-localization and fluorescence intensity of PAD4 with CitH3, and MPO with NE in each group. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by using a fluorescent probe assay, and the levels of intracellular CitH3 protein formation were determined by using Western blotting. Results The activity of neutrophils isolated from mouse bone marrow reached 98%, with purities of ≥87%. The expression levels of NP mRNA in the IAV groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. Compared with the control group, the cfDNA levels of the PMA, LPS, and IAV groups were significantly increased, with significant increases in the web-like structures of NETs. The immunofluorescence assay showed that the relative expression levels of MPO, NE, PAD4, and CitH3 proteins were elevated to varying degrees, with the co-localization of PAD4/CitH3 or MPO/NE increased after IAV infection. Moreover, the peak of MPO protein expression was observed before that of NE protein, whereas CitH3 expression paralleled that of PAD4 protein. Additionally, the ROS level was elevated, and the level of CitH3 protein formation was also significantly increased. Conclusion Stimulation of neutrophils by IAV (H1N1) induces NET formation, which may be related to the increased intracellular ROS and PAD4 levels.
, correspAuthors=Fangguo LU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Huihui LIU, Chunjing CHEN, Xiaoqi WANG, Xindan LIANG, Zhibin WANG, Yuanyuan ZHANG, Fangguo LU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1204800741077655684, articleId=1204800737420223380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=甲型流感病毒
(H1N1)诱导中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网的形成, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 采用定性与定量方法探讨甲型流感病毒(influenza A virus, IAV) H1N1亚型诱导中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(neutrophil extracellular traps, NETs)的形成水平。 方法 分离、纯化并鉴定小鼠骨髓中性粒细胞,使用脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)和佛波酯(phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, PMA)作为诱导剂在体外诱导NETs形成。同时设置3个滴度的甲型流感病毒组,分别为100个50%组织培养感染剂量(one hundred 50% tissue culture infective doses, 100 TCID50)、50 TCID50、25 TCID50和正常对照组。采用RT-qPCR法检测甲型流感病毒组细胞内核衣壳蛋白信使RNA (nucleoprotein messenger RNA, NP mRNA)的表达水平;通过SYTOX Green核酸染料(SYTOX green nucleic acid stain, SYTOX Green)定量法检测各因素干预中性粒细胞后各组上清液中游离DNA (cell-free DNA, cfDNA)的含量;采用Hoechst 33342染色法,在荧光显微镜下观察各组细胞形成的NETs结构;运用免疫荧光法检测NETs的特征性指标瓜氨酸化组蛋白(citrullinated histone H3, CitH3)、肽基精氨酸脱亚氨酶4 (peptidylarginine deiminase 4, PAD4)、髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase, MPO)、中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(neutrophil elastase, NE)蛋白的表达水平,以及各组细胞中PAD4与CitH3、MPO与NE的核共定位和荧光表达强度;使用荧光探针法检测细胞活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)水平;采用Western blotting法检测细胞内CitH3蛋白的形成水平。 结果 从小鼠骨髓中分离的中性粒细胞活性可达98%,纯度可达87%以上。与正常对照组相比,甲型流感病毒组(IAV)的NP mRNA表达水平显著升高;PMA组、LPS组以及甲型流感病毒组(IAV)的cfDNA水平显著升高,NETs网状结构明显增多。免疫荧光结果显示,MPO、NE、PAD4、CitH3蛋白的相对表达量均有不同程度升高,共定位情况相对增多。其中,MPO蛋白表达的高峰期早于NE蛋白,CitH3蛋白表达趋势与PAD4蛋白表达趋势相似。此外,ROS水平升高,CitH3蛋白形成水平显著升高。 结论 甲型流感病毒(H1N1)刺激中性粒细胞后可诱导NETs形成,这可能与细胞内ROS及PAD4水平增加有关。
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2.School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1217784598340223087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800737420223380, authorId=1217784598050816093, language=CN, stringName=王小奇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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2.湖南中医药大学 中西医结合学院,湖南 长沙)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217784601267847505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800737420223380, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=
Viability and purity assessment of mouse bone marrow neutrophils. A: Viability results detected by trypan blue staining; B: Purity results detected by Wright’s staining; C: The results of purity detection by flow cytometry., figureFileSmall=5PpstLcwcnOGUn5KZyNM8Q==, figureFileBig=A4r0larDFU4zu8Z6Pmoo5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601343344985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800737420223380, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
小鼠骨髓中性粒细胞活性及纯度检测。A:台盼蓝染色法检测活性的结果;B:瑞氏-吉姆萨染色法检测纯度的结果;C:流式细胞分析技术检测纯度的结果。, figureFileSmall=5PpstLcwcnOGUn5KZyNM8Q==, figureFileBig=A4r0larDFU4zu8Z6Pmoo5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601553060193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800737420223380, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Gene expression (A) and amplification curves (B) of influenza virus NP in each group (mean±SD, n=3). Compared with the normal control group, **: P<0.01., figureFileSmall=FZ5OqCAPddiDf1Fmo66RUQ==, figureFileBig=8xn1tCdyQJCpP6F3muMFDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601670500711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800737420223380, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
各细胞流感病毒NP基因表达水平(A)及扩增曲线(B) (mean±SD, n=3), figureFileSmall=FZ5OqCAPddiDf1Fmo66RUQ==, figureFileBig=8xn1tCdyQJCpP6F3muMFDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601800524139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800737420223380, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=
The content of dsDNA in the supernatant of each group (mean±SD, n=6). A: Absorbance of cfDNA in the supernatant at 2 h; B: Absorbance of cfDNA in the supernatant at 3 h; C: Absorbance of cfDNA in the supernatant at 4 h; D: Absorbance of cfDNA in the supernatant at 6 h. Compared with the normal control group, **: P<0.01, *: P<0.05; Compared with the PMA (100 µg/L) group, ##: P<0.01; Compared with the LPS (100 µg/L) group, △△: P<0.01, △: P<0.05., figureFileSmall=1uxSRLPMmAbE/NQwQr5IYQ==, figureFileBig=DtzWrxNeWVy4hDQ1GKisnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601922158962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800737420223380, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
各组上清液中dsDNA含量(mean±SD, n=6)。A:各组2 h上清液cfDNA吸光值;B:各组3 h上清液cfDNA吸光值;C:各组4 h上清液cfDNA吸光值;D:各组6 h上清液cfDNA吸光值。, figureFileSmall=1uxSRLPMmAbE/NQwQr5IYQ==, figureFileBig=DtzWrxNeWVy4hDQ1GKisnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602022822265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800737420223380, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Formation of NETs under Hoechst 33342 staining. Images showing NETs formation (stained with Hoechst 33342) in each group of cells after 6 hours of intervention., figureFileSmall=7PG6T6Ow9LziVMOy+l8F8g==, figureFileBig=MMYcZIe/01cyZ51Qzfbucg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602144457089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800737420223380, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
Hoechst 33342染色下的NETs形成图。各组细胞被干预6 h后,Hoechst 33342染色NETs形成图。, figureFileSmall=7PG6T6Ow9LziVMOy+l8F8g==, figureFileBig=MMYcZIe/01cyZ51Qzfbucg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602261897610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800737420223380, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Immunofluorescence analysis of NETs markers PAD4 and CitH3: nuclear colocalization and quantitative detection (mean±SD, n=6). A: Immunofluorescence images showing PAD4 nuclear colocalization in cells after 2, 4, and 6 h of intervention; B: Quantitative analysis of PAD4 mean fluorescence intensity at 2, 4, and 6 h; C: Immunofluorescence images showing CitH3 nuclear colocalization in cells after 2, 4, and 6 h of intervention; D: Quantitative analysis of CitH3 mean fluorescence intensity at 2, 4, and 6 h. Compared with the normal control group, **: P<0.01, *: P<0.05; Compared with the PMA (100 µg/L) group, ##: P<0.01, #: P<0.05; Compared with the LPS (100 µg/L) group, △△: P<0.01, △: P<0.05., figureFileSmall=JBvUZt9f7Dl8g+N5dJYsGw==, figureFileBig=f3z9NnRS6d0Nzwqjq26Z2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602396115340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800737420223380, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
免疫荧光染色下NETs特征性指标PAD4、CitH3与细胞核共定位图及PAD4和CitH3定量检测(mean±SD, n=6)。A:各组细胞分别干预2、4、6 h后的免疫荧光染色,显示PAD4与细胞核共定位情况;B:各组细胞分别干预2、4、6 h后PAD4平均荧光强度;C:各组细胞分别干预2、4、6 h后的免疫荧光染色,显示CitH3与细胞核共定位情况;D:各组细胞分别干预2、4、6 h后CitH3平均荧光强度。, figureFileSmall=JBvUZt9f7Dl8g+N5dJYsGw==, figureFileBig=f3z9NnRS6d0Nzwqjq26Z2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602547110291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800737420223380, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=
Immunofluorescence analysis of NETs markers MPO and NE: colocalization and quantitative detection (mean±SD, n=6). A: Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of MPO in cells after 2, 4, and 6 h of intervention; B: Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of NE in cells after 2, 4, and 6 h of intervention; C: Immunofluorescence images showing colocalization of MPO, NE, and nuclei after intervention. Compared with the normal control group, **: P<0.01; Compared with the PMA (100 µg/L) group, ##: P<0.01, #: P<0.05; Compared with the LPS (100 µg/L) group, △△: P<0.01, △: P<0.05., figureFileSmall=BK6IWtv8/uLfdDDX5R4lGQ==, figureFileBig=wRtkSAPeD8/JGgGoVE/PJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602693910939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800737420223380, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
免疫荧光染色下NETs特征性指标MPO与NE共定位与定量检测(mean±SD, n=6)。A:各组细胞分别干预2、4、6 h后MPO平均荧光强度;B:各组细胞分别干预2、4、6 h后NE平均荧光强度;C:免疫荧光染色显示MPO和NE与细胞核共定位情况。, figureFileSmall=BK6IWtv8/uLfdDDX5R4lGQ==, figureFileBig=wRtkSAPeD8/JGgGoVE/PJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602823934370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800737420223380, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in neutrophils after 2, 4, and 6 h of intervention (mean±SD, n=4). Compared with the normal control group, **: P<0.01, *: P<0.05; Compared with the PMA (100 µg/L) group, ##: P<0.01, #: P<0.05; Compared with the LPS (100 µg/L) group, △△: P<0.01, △: P<0.05., figureFileSmall=RBQW9DIvFAsTuzJ96pg1+g==, figureFileBig=ujWXV9jBTagAqf13N6PzGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602966540717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800737420223380, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
各组分别干预2、4、6 h后,中性粒细胞中活性氧(ROS)的含量(mean±SD, n=4), figureFileSmall=RBQW9DIvFAsTuzJ96pg1+g==, figureFileBig=ujWXV9jBTagAqf13N6PzGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784603079786929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800737420223380, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=
The protein formation of CitH3 in neutrophils after 6 h intervention (mean±SD, n=3).A: Western blotting detected the expression of CitH3 proteins in cells; B: Quantitative analysis of relative protein expression. Compared with the normal control group, **: P<0.01; Compared with the PMA (100 µg/L) group, ##: P<0.01; Compared with the LPS (100 µg/L) group, △△: P<0.01., figureFileSmall=KbIEsbdjXUMN5yoxVVcz+g==, figureFileBig=qEW9Ue3/soLzRoAtF8rfNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784603201421753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800737420223380, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
各组干预6 h后中性粒细胞中CitH3的蛋白形成水平(mean±SD, n=3)。A:Western blotting检测细胞中CitH3蛋白表达情况;B:蛋白相对表达定量分析。, figureFileSmall=KbIEsbdjXUMN5yoxVVcz+g==, figureFileBig=qEW9Ue3/soLzRoAtF8rfNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784603323056573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800737420223380, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Primer sequences used in this study
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Primers name | Primer sequences (5ʹ→3ʹ) |
|---|
| NP-F | CCTGTGTGTATGGACCTGCC |
| NP-R | CTCTTGGGACCACCTTCGTC |
| β-actin-F | ACATCCGTAAAGACCTCTATGCC |
| β-actin-R | TACTCCTGCTTGCTGATCCAC |
), ArticleFig(id=1217784603486634437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800737420223380, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
本研究所用引物序列
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Primers name | Primer sequences (5ʹ→3ʹ) |
|---|
| NP-F | CCTGTGTGTATGGACCTGCC |
| NP-R | CTCTTGGGACCACCTTCGTC |
| β-actin-F | ACATCCGTAAAGACCTCTATGCC |
| β-actin-R | TACTCCTGCTTGCTGATCCAC |
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