Article(id=1204800736799466333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1204800727341310425, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250368, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1746460800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1750262400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-06-19, onlineDate=1765176479768, onlineDateStr=2025-12-08, pubDate=1764777600000, pubDateStr=2025-12-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765176479768, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765176479768, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765176479768, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1204800727341310425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='12', pageStart='5191', pageEnd='5649', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765176477513, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765176611928, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1204801291189986067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1204800727341310425, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1204801291189986068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1204800727341310425, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5362, endPage=5379, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1204800737638327203, articleId=1204800736799466333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316 inhibits Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation by regulating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Helicobacter pylori infection is a major causative factor for chronic gastritis and gastric cancer, while current antibiotic therapies are facing increasingly severe resistance. Probiotics have emerged as a promising approach for anti-H. pylori research due to their high safety. Notably, certain Lactobacillus strains have been demonstrated to effectively alleviate H. pylori-induced inflammatory responses, yet their underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism by which Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316 inhibits the H. pylori-induced inflammatory response by modulating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in the host cells and assess the regulatory effect of this strain on gastric microecological homeostasis, thus providing a theoretical basis for the development of probiotic therapeutics targeting H. pylori. Methods We integrated cell experiments (human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS) and animal experiments (C57BL/6 mice) and employed Western blotting (to determine the phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK), transcriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR (to analyze differential gene expression), ELISA [to determine the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-10], 16S rRNA gene sequencing (to unveil the gastric flora structure), and hematoxylin-eosin staining (to observe gastric mucosal damage) to systematically study the intervention effect of L. plantarum ZJ316 on H. pylori infection. Results At the cellular level, L. plantarum ZJ316 inhibited H. pylori-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation, with the inhibition rates of 21.95% and 33.72% at the time points of 1 h and 2 h, respectively (P<0.01). It down-regulated the expression of pathway genes such as MAP3K8 and FOS, and lowered the mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 by 43.26%, 35.95%, and 51.91%, respectively (P<0.01). The combination of this strain with adezmapimod, a p38 MAPK-specific inhibitor, further enhanced the inhibitory effect. In animal experiments, L. plantarum ZJ316 significantly attenuated gastric mucosal pathological injury and inflammatory response, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that ZJ316 reduced the relative abundance of pathogenic Pseudomonadota and significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacillota [(54.8±9.9)% vs. (27.8±5.9)%, P<0.01] in the stomach. When ZJ316 was combined with adezmapimod, the relative abundance of Bacteroidota was elevated [(58.5±5.2)% vs. (47.8±6.9)%, P<0.05], and specific beneficial genera such as Alistipes were synergistically enriched (an increase of 69.52% compared with the H. pylori group). Conclusion L. plantarum ZJ316 alleviated the inflammatory response triggered by H. pylori infection by inhibiting the p38 MAPK pathway and remodeled the gastric microecological structure. The findings provide a theoretical basis for the inhibition of H. pylori-induced inflammation by lactobacilli and the development of probiotic-based functional foods.

, correspAuthors=Shiying WU, Qing GU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: GU Qing, ;
WU Shiying,
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#These authors contributed equally to this work.

, authorsList=Shiying WU, Mingyang HU, Yi XU, Luying XIE, Yuenuo LUO, Jiayi FAN, Qing GU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1204800741295759501, articleId=1204800736799466333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=植物乳植杆菌ZJ316通过p38 MAPK信号通路抑制幽门螺杆菌感染性炎症, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori, Hp)感染是慢性胃炎及胃癌的重要诱因,而当前抗生素疗法正面临日益严峻的耐药性问题。益生菌因其安全性高已成为抗幽门螺杆菌感染研究的新方向。值得注意的是,部分乳酸菌菌株已被证实可有效缓解幽门螺杆菌感染引发的炎症反应,但其潜在的分子调控机制尚未明晰。 目的 探究植物乳植杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) ZJ316通过调控宿主细胞内p38 MAPK信号通路抑制幽门螺杆菌感染引起的炎症反应的分子机制,并评估其对胃微生态的调节作用,为开发靶向幽门螺杆菌的益生菌辅助疗法提供理论依据。 方法 通过整合体外细胞模型(人胃腺癌细胞AGS)和动物实验(C57BL/6小鼠),运用蛋白质免疫印迹(检测p38 MAPK磷酸化水平)、转录组测序与RT-qPCR (分析差异基因表达)、酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) (测定炎症因子IL-8和IL-10水平)、16S rRNA基因测序(评估胃菌群结构)及组织病理学分析(H&E染色观察胃黏膜损伤)等方法,系统探究植物乳植杆菌ZJ316对幽门螺杆菌感染的缓解效果。 结果 在细胞水平,植物乳植杆菌ZJ316显著抑制幽门螺杆菌诱导的p38 MAPK磷酸化(1 h和2 h抑制率分别为21.95%和33.72%,P<0.01),下调MAP3K8FOS等通路基因表达,并降低促炎因子IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6 mRNA水平(降幅分别为43.26%、35.95%、51.91%,P<0.01)。联合p38 MAPK特异性抑制剂Adezmapimod可进一步增强抑制作用。动物实验中,植物乳植杆菌ZJ316干预显著减轻胃黏膜病理损伤及炎症反应。16S rRNA基因测序显示,其降低胃内致病性假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)丰度,显著提升芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)的丰度[(54.8±9.9)% vs. (27.8±5.9)%,P<0.01]。与Adezmapimod联用后,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)显著富集[(58.5±5.2)% vs. (47.8±6.9)%,P<0.05],并协同促进Alistipes (增幅69.52%,vs. Hp组)等特定有益菌属的富集。 结论 植物乳植杆菌ZJ316通过抑制p38 MAPK通路缓解幽门螺杆菌感染引发的炎症反应,并重塑胃微生态结构,为乳酸菌抑制幽门螺杆菌感染性炎症及益生菌功能性食品开发提供理论依据。

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The primers and sequences used in this study

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GenePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
GAPDHForward: GGCGACCTGCTGGAACATTACTG
Reverse: CATCGTTTAGGGCGTGGACTACC
MAP3K8Forward: ATGGAGTACATGAGCACTGGA
Reverse: GCTGGCTCTTCACTTGCATAAAG
IFN-γForward: GAGTGTGGAGACCATCAAGGAAG
Reverse: TGCTTTGCGTTGGACATTCAAGTC
TNF-αForward: TGAAAACCTCCAAGCAGCCCAAC
Reverse: GGCGTGTTTGATGTTGAGTCTGTTG
IL-6Forward: AGACAGCCACTCACCTCTTCAG
Reverse: TTCTGCCAGTGCCTCTTTGCTG
IL-10Forward: GACTTTAAGGGTTACCTGGGTTG
Reverse: TCACATGCGCCTTGATGTCTG
), ArticleFig(id=1217784604220641898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800736799466333, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用引物及序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimer sequences (5′→3′)
GAPDHForward: GGCGACCTGCTGGAACATTACTG
Reverse: CATCGTTTAGGGCGTGGACTACC
MAP3K8Forward: ATGGAGTACATGAGCACTGGA
Reverse: GCTGGCTCTTCACTTGCATAAAG
IFN-γForward: GAGTGTGGAGACCATCAAGGAAG
Reverse: TGCTTTGCGTTGGACATTCAAGTC
TNF-αForward: TGAAAACCTCCAAGCAGCCCAAC
Reverse: GGCGTGTTTGATGTTGAGTCTGTTG
IL-6Forward: AGACAGCCACTCACCTCTTCAG
Reverse: TTCTGCCAGTGCCTCTTTGCTG
IL-10Forward: GACTTTAAGGGTTACCTGGGTTG
Reverse: TCACATGCGCCTTGATGTCTG
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植物乳植杆菌ZJ316通过p38 MAPK信号通路抑制幽门螺杆菌感染性炎症
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吴世英 * , 胡铭洋 , 徐艺 , 谢露莹 , 罗约诺 , 樊嘉仪 , 顾青 *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(12): 5362-5379
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(12): 5362-5379
植物乳植杆菌ZJ316通过p38 MAPK信号通路抑制幽门螺杆菌感染性炎症
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吴世英* , 胡铭洋, 徐艺, 谢露莹, 罗约诺, 樊嘉仪, 顾青*
作者信息
  • 浙江工商大学 全省食品微生物与营养健康重点实验室,浙江 杭州
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316 inhibits Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation by regulating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway
Shiying WU* , Mingyang HU, Yi XU, Luying XIE, Yuenuo LUO, Jiayi FAN, Qing GU*
Affiliations
  • Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Nutritional Health, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
出版时间: 2025-12-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250368
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幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori, Hp)感染是慢性胃炎及胃癌的重要诱因,而当前抗生素疗法正面临日益严峻的耐药性问题。益生菌因其安全性高已成为抗幽门螺杆菌感染研究的新方向。值得注意的是,部分乳酸菌菌株已被证实可有效缓解幽门螺杆菌感染引发的炎症反应,但其潜在的分子调控机制尚未明晰。 目的 探究植物乳植杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) ZJ316通过调控宿主细胞内p38 MAPK信号通路抑制幽门螺杆菌感染引起的炎症反应的分子机制,并评估其对胃微生态的调节作用,为开发靶向幽门螺杆菌的益生菌辅助疗法提供理论依据。 方法 通过整合体外细胞模型(人胃腺癌细胞AGS)和动物实验(C57BL/6小鼠),运用蛋白质免疫印迹(检测p38 MAPK磷酸化水平)、转录组测序与RT-qPCR (分析差异基因表达)、酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) (测定炎症因子IL-8和IL-10水平)、16S rRNA基因测序(评估胃菌群结构)及组织病理学分析(H&E染色观察胃黏膜损伤)等方法,系统探究植物乳植杆菌ZJ316对幽门螺杆菌感染的缓解效果。 结果 在细胞水平,植物乳植杆菌ZJ316显著抑制幽门螺杆菌诱导的p38 MAPK磷酸化(1 h和2 h抑制率分别为21.95%和33.72%,P<0.01),下调MAP3K8FOS等通路基因表达,并降低促炎因子IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6 mRNA水平(降幅分别为43.26%、35.95%、51.91%,P<0.01)。联合p38 MAPK特异性抑制剂Adezmapimod可进一步增强抑制作用。动物实验中,植物乳植杆菌ZJ316干预显著减轻胃黏膜病理损伤及炎症反应。16S rRNA基因测序显示,其降低胃内致病性假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)丰度,显著提升芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)的丰度[(54.8±9.9)% vs. (27.8±5.9)%,P<0.01]。与Adezmapimod联用后,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)显著富集[(58.5±5.2)% vs. (47.8±6.9)%,P<0.05],并协同促进Alistipes (增幅69.52%,vs. Hp组)等特定有益菌属的富集。 结论 植物乳植杆菌ZJ316通过抑制p38 MAPK通路缓解幽门螺杆菌感染引发的炎症反应,并重塑胃微生态结构,为乳酸菌抑制幽门螺杆菌感染性炎症及益生菌功能性食品开发提供理论依据。

植物乳植杆菌ZJ316  /  幽门螺杆菌  /  p38 MAPK  /  炎症反应

Helicobacter pylori infection is a major causative factor for chronic gastritis and gastric cancer, while current antibiotic therapies are facing increasingly severe resistance. Probiotics have emerged as a promising approach for anti-H. pylori research due to their high safety. Notably, certain Lactobacillus strains have been demonstrated to effectively alleviate H. pylori-induced inflammatory responses, yet their underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism by which Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316 inhibits the H. pylori-induced inflammatory response by modulating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in the host cells and assess the regulatory effect of this strain on gastric microecological homeostasis, thus providing a theoretical basis for the development of probiotic therapeutics targeting H. pylori. Methods We integrated cell experiments (human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS) and animal experiments (C57BL/6 mice) and employed Western blotting (to determine the phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK), transcriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR (to analyze differential gene expression), ELISA [to determine the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-10], 16S rRNA gene sequencing (to unveil the gastric flora structure), and hematoxylin-eosin staining (to observe gastric mucosal damage) to systematically study the intervention effect of L. plantarum ZJ316 on H. pylori infection. Results At the cellular level, L. plantarum ZJ316 inhibited H. pylori-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation, with the inhibition rates of 21.95% and 33.72% at the time points of 1 h and 2 h, respectively (P<0.01). It down-regulated the expression of pathway genes such as MAP3K8 and FOS, and lowered the mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 by 43.26%, 35.95%, and 51.91%, respectively (P<0.01). The combination of this strain with adezmapimod, a p38 MAPK-specific inhibitor, further enhanced the inhibitory effect. In animal experiments, L. plantarum ZJ316 significantly attenuated gastric mucosal pathological injury and inflammatory response, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that ZJ316 reduced the relative abundance of pathogenic Pseudomonadota and significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacillota [(54.8±9.9)% vs. (27.8±5.9)%, P<0.01] in the stomach. When ZJ316 was combined with adezmapimod, the relative abundance of Bacteroidota was elevated [(58.5±5.2)% vs. (47.8±6.9)%, P<0.05], and specific beneficial genera such as Alistipes were synergistically enriched (an increase of 69.52% compared with the H. pylori group). Conclusion L. plantarum ZJ316 alleviated the inflammatory response triggered by H. pylori infection by inhibiting the p38 MAPK pathway and remodeled the gastric microecological structure. The findings provide a theoretical basis for the inhibition of H. pylori-induced inflammation by lactobacilli and the development of probiotic-based functional foods.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316  /  Helicobacter pylori  /  p38 MAPK  /  inflammatory response
吴世英, 胡铭洋, 徐艺, 谢露莹, 罗约诺, 樊嘉仪, 顾青. 植物乳植杆菌ZJ316通过p38 MAPK信号通路抑制幽门螺杆菌感染性炎症. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (12) : 5362 -5379 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250368
Shiying WU, Mingyang HU, Yi XU, Luying XIE, Yuenuo LUO, Jiayi FAN, Qing GU. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316 inhibits Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation by regulating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (12) : 5362 -5379 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250368
幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori, Hp)是一种具有高度致病性的革兰氏阴性菌,全球感染率超过50%[1]。早在1994年它就被世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构(International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC)列为I级致癌物[2]。幽门螺杆菌感染可通过多种毒力因子,如细胞毒素相关蛋白A (cytotoxin-associated gene A, CagA)、空泡毒素(vacuolating cytotoxin, VacA)等,激活宿主细胞内核因子-κB (nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-κB)、C-Jun氨基末端激酶(C-Jun N-terminal kinase, JNK)、细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular regulated protein kinases, ERK)及p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路(p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, p38 MAPK)等炎症信号通路,引发炎症反应,促进白细胞介素-8 (interleukin-8, IL-8)、白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor α, TNF-α)等促炎因子的表达,进而引起胃黏膜持续性炎症反应[3-4]
丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases, MAPK or MPKs)是一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,属于细胞内重要的信号转导分子家族。p38 MAPK是其中一条重要的经典通路,通过Thr-X-Tyr基序内苏氨酸和酪氨酸的双重磷酸化来激活,在调控炎症、应激反应和细胞生存等方面发挥重要作用[5]。研究表明幽门螺杆菌能够激活p38 MAPK信号通路,促进IL-8、TNF-α、白细胞介素-1β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β)和IL-6的大量分泌[5-6]。幽门螺杆菌产生的磷脂酶还会破坏消化道上皮细胞的屏障,促进致病菌的侵袭性感染,使炎症进一步加剧[7]。此外,幽门螺杆菌可通过IV型分泌系统(type IV secretion system, T4SS)或外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicles, OMVs)介导的胞饮和吞噬作用将CagA、VacA等毒力因子输送到宿主细胞内,刺激p38 MAPK和下游激活转录因子2 (activating transcription factor 2, ATF-2)的磷酸化,从而增加环氧合酶2 (cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2)的转录水平和蛋白表达[8-9]。值得注意的是,COX-2蛋白的异常过表达通过促进胃癌细胞增殖、抑制凋亡、协助血管生成和淋巴转移、诱导血管生成等机制参与肿瘤进程[10-11]
幽门螺杆菌的长期感染可诱发进行性病理改变,包括慢性萎缩性胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤,最终可能发展为胃癌[12]。抗生素疗法是目前临床上根除幽门螺杆菌的主要手段,然而,随着抗生素耐药率不断攀升(某些地区克拉霉素耐药率已超过30%)以及肠道菌群失调等问题日益凸显,导致根除效率显著下降[13]。因此探索基于益生菌的干预策略具有重要意义。
益生菌因其安全性和微生态调节功能,在幽门螺杆菌感染的防治中展现出重要潜力。其通过调控宿主免疫应答和信号通路抑制幽门螺杆菌感染引发的炎症,已成为当前研究的热点。作为益生菌的重要代表,植物乳植杆菌展现出显著的抗幽门螺杆菌活性。其作用机制主要包括:通过竞争性占据胃黏膜上皮细胞表面受体,显著降低幽门螺杆菌的黏附能力;分泌抗菌物质(如细菌素及有机酸等)直接抑制幽门螺杆菌生长;调节宿主的免疫机制等多种方式抑制幽门螺杆菌的定殖和发病[14]。Shen等[15]发现,植物乳植杆菌Lp-115干预可显著降低幽门螺杆菌脲酶基因ureAureB的mRNA表达,并减少其在小鼠胃黏膜上的定殖。Zhao等[16]通过体外实验和小鼠模型证明,植物乳植杆菌ZDY2013通过分泌大量乳酸抑制脲酶活性,抑制率达(61.40±0.45)%。Somiah等[17]同样指出乳酸可以在转录水平上下调幽门螺杆菌黏附素SabA和LabA,抑制幽门螺杆菌黏附。Yao等[18]则通过扫描电镜和透射电镜观察发现吲哚-3-乳酸可以破坏幽门螺杆菌的形态与结构,具体表现为细胞质膜明显分离,细胞壁及膜系统严重受损,最终导致胞质内容物外溢。Maleki-Kakelar等[19]从传统乳制品中分离出一株植物乳植杆菌,发现其发酵液处理组显著增加了AGS细胞中磷酸酯酶与张力蛋白同源物(PTEN)的表达,并且降低了蛋白激酶B (AKT)基因的表达,提示其可能通过调节PTEN/AKT信号轴抑制幽门螺杆菌感染。然而,有关植物乳植杆菌如何通过调控宿主细胞内关键信号通路p38 MAPK从而调控幽门螺杆菌致病性的文章较少,且目前尚未明确其具体作用机制。
本课题组从婴儿粪便中分离筛选获得的植物乳植杆菌ZJ316已证实具有显著的抗幽门螺杆菌活性,体内外实验表明其能有效抑制幽门螺杆菌黏附并显著减轻感染小鼠胃黏膜炎症[20-21]。然而,植物乳植杆菌ZJ316能否通过调控p38 MAPK通路抑制幽门螺杆菌感染引发的炎症尚缺乏直接证据。因此,本研究旨在探讨植物乳植杆菌ZJ316是否通过调控p38 MAPK信号通路抑制幽门螺杆菌感染引发的炎症反应,为功能性乳酸菌产品的开发提供理论依据。
植物乳植杆菌ZJ316从健康新生儿粪便中分离获得,保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,编号为CCTCC M208077。
幽门螺杆菌ZJC03分离自浙江大学附属医院诊断为胃炎和消化性胃溃疡患者的胃黏膜组织,保藏编号为CCTCC M20211218。
人胃腺癌细胞株AGS购自中国科学院典型培养物保藏委员会细胞库,编号为TCHu232。
本研究选用6周龄SPF级雌性C57BL/6小鼠(上海西普尔-必凯实验动物有限公司),饲养于上海市公共卫生临床中心SPF级实验动物中心。实验动物在恒温(22±1) ℃、恒湿(50±5)%条件下饲养,采用12 h/12 h明暗循环光照,通风换气次数≥15次/h,培养条件确保符合SPF级动物饲养标准。本研究所有动物实验均经上海市公共卫生临床中心机构动物护理和使用委员会批准(编号为2022-A037-01),实验过程中每日观察动物健康状况。
MRS培养基、哥伦比亚血琼脂基础培养基、幽门螺杆菌添加剂和无菌脱纤维羊血,青岛海博生物技术有限公司;Ham’s F-12’K细胞培养基,武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司;特级胎牛血清,赛默飞世尔科技公司;RNA提取试剂盒,成都福际生物技术有限公司;SevenFast® Two Step RT & qPCR Kit,赛文创新(北京)生物科技有限公司;p38 MAPK Rabbit mAb、Phospho-p38 MAPK Rabbit mAb、α-Tubulin Rabbit mAb和β-Actin Mouse mAb,Cell Signaling Technology (CST)公司;SDS-PAGE凝胶试剂盒、5×SDS Loading Buffer和预染蛋白marker,上海雅酶生物医药科技有限公司;PVDF膜,Merck Millipore公司;超敏型ECL发光液,亚科因(武汉)生物技术有限公司;炎症因子(IL-8和IL-10)试剂盒,上海酶联生物科技有限公司。
生化培养箱,上海博迅医疗生物仪器;NanoDrop 2000微量分光光度计和荧光定量PCR仪,赛默飞世尔科技公司;电泳仪、蛋白凝胶成像系统,伯乐生命医学产品(上海)有限公司;光学显微镜,Nikon公司;Illumina高通量测序平台,Illumina公司;生物分析仪,Agilent公司。
从-80 ℃冰箱中取出冻存的植物乳植杆菌ZJ316,采用无菌操作技术,用一次性接种环蘸取菌液在MRS固体培养基上分区划线,然后置于37 ℃恒温培养箱培养36-48 h,挑取单菌落至MRS液体培养基中活化培养(37 ℃,12 h)。培养结束后,8 000 r/min离心10 min收集菌体,用无菌PBS缓冲液漂洗3次后,重悬至1.0×108 CFU/mL,备用。
从-80 ℃冰箱中取出冻存的幽门螺杆菌ZJC03,用涂布法接种于含7%脱纤维羊血的哥伦比亚血琼脂固体培养基上。置于微需氧环境(85% N2、10% CO2、5% O2)中,37 ℃培养72 h。培养完成后,重悬至1.0×108 CFU/mL的菌悬液,备用。
AGS细胞接种于含10%胎牛血清的Ham’s F-12’K细胞培养基中,置于37 °C、5% CO2湿化恒温培养箱中培养。采用胰酶消化对数生长期的AGS细胞,计数,调整细胞密度至3.5×105 cells/mL接种于6孔板(每孔2 mL)。实验设置以下处理组:细胞空白对照组(Control);植物乳植杆菌单独干预组(ZJ316);幽门螺杆菌感染组(Hp 1 h和Hp 2 h);植物乳植杆菌联合干预组。实验结束后,用PBS缓冲液冲洗细胞3次,随后进行后续蛋白质或RNA提取实验。
使用添加蛋白酶抑制剂和磷酸酶抑制剂的RIPA裂解液充分裂解细胞后,4 ℃、12 000 r/min离心15 min,吸取上清液转移至1.5 mL离心管中,加入SDS蛋白上样缓冲液,100 ℃加热5 min进行蛋白变性。经过SDS-PAGE分离蛋白后,采用湿转法,恒流250 mA,转膜70 min,将蛋白转移至PVDF膜上,用5%脱脂奶粉封闭1 h,依次与p-p38、p38、α-tubulin和β-actin抗体4 ℃孵育过夜,然后室温孵育二抗1 h。最后采用ECL化学发光法显影,使用凝胶成像系统采集图像并分析目标蛋白表达水平。
反转录体系与PCR体系的配制,以及RT-qPCR反应程序设置参考Wu等[21]的方法,使用市售试剂盒和ABI StepOnePlus系统进行RT-qPCR。通过微量分光光度计检测RNA浓度后,使用SevenFast® Two Step RT & qPCR Kit进行反转录和qPCR。反转录体系(20 μL):5×RT Mix 4 μL,dsDNA 1 μL,RNA 500 ng,RNase-free ddH2O补足至20 μL。反转录程序:50 ℃反转录8 min,85 ℃灭活5 s。qPCR体系(10 μL):上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)各0.2 μL,2×qPCR Mix 5 μL,cDNA 1 μL,DEPC水3.6 μL。反应程序:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性30 s,60 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸2 min,40个循环;72 ℃终延伸5 min。实验前通过标准曲线和熔解曲线验证引物扩增效率。选择GAPDH作为内参基因,采用2-ΔΔCt法计算目的基因mRNA的相对表达水平。所有反应均设置3个技术重复。本研究所引用的引物如表1所示。
提取幽门螺杆菌单独处理组(Hp 2 h)和植物乳植杆菌ZJ316干预组(Hp+ZJ316 2 h)细胞总RNA,经生物分析仪检测RNA完整性(RIN≥7.0)后,委托北京诺禾致源科技股份有限公司完成文库构建及Illumina测序。原始数据经质控过滤后,使用Hisat2软件进行序列比对,采用FPKM法进行基因表达定量。差异表达基因筛选标准为|log2 fold change|≥1且P<0.05。通过GO数据库(https://www.geneontology.org/)进行功能注释,并利用KEGG数据库(https://www.genome.jp/kegg/)开展通路富集分析,显著性阈值设定为P<0.05。
SPF级C57BL/6小鼠进行为期一周的适应性培养后,随机分为4组(n=10)。Control组:每日灌胃400 μL无菌生理盐水,隔天一次,持续5周。Hp组:前3周灌胃400 μL无菌生理盐水,隔天一次,后2周灌胃400 μL幽门螺杆菌菌悬液(1×109 CFU/mL),隔天一次。Hp+ZJ316组:前3周灌胃400 μL植物乳植杆菌ZJ316菌悬液(1×109 CFU/mL),隔天一次,持续3周,后2周灌胃400 μL幽门螺杆菌菌悬液(1×109 CFU/mL),隔天一次。Hp+ZJ316+Adezmapimod组:在ZJ316干预基础上联合腹腔注射p38 MAPK抑制剂(200 μL),剂量统一为5 μg/g (体重),隔天一次。
在动物实验期间,每周监测动物的体重和行为学变化。实验结束后,对小鼠麻醉处死,采集眼球血和胃黏膜等,保存于-80 °C冰箱,备用。
胃部组织经4%多聚甲醛固定后,经梯度乙醇脱水(70%-100%)、二甲苯透明、石蜡浸渍后,切成5 μm厚度切片,进行常规H&E染色[20]。切片经光学显微镜观察,每组随机选取5例样本,由2名病理学专家通过双盲法评估组织损伤程度,采用改良的评分系统进行定量分析,具体评分标准包括上皮损伤、炎症细胞浸润、隐窝结构和组织完整性,根据损伤程度从0到3进行评分,0代表无损伤,1代表轻微损伤,2代表中度损伤,3代表严重损伤[22]
小鼠血清样本经3 000×g离心10 min后,按照ELISA试剂盒说明书操作流程检测IL-10和IL-8的表达水平。每组随机检测5只小鼠样本。
16S rRNA基因测序分析由北京百迈客生物科技有限公司完成。原始数据经QIIME 2质控后,使用DADA2用于双端测序,然后使用SILVA 138/16S数据库将其与样品ID相关联,计算并生成扩增子序列变体(amplicon sequence variant, ASV)。α多样性采用Shannon指数评估,β多样性通过Bray-Curtis距离矩阵分析。线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis, LDA)效应大小(LDA effect size, LEfSe)分析(LDA score>4.0,P<0.05)鉴定组间差异菌群[23]
数据以平均值±标准差(mean±SD)表示,采用GraphPad Prism 9.5软件进行统计分析,通过单因素方差分析(ANOVA)评估显著性,P<0.05表示具有显著差异。所有实验均设置至少3个生物学重复。
幽门螺杆菌感染会导致p38 MAPK的激活,进而触发下游炎症因子表达,引发炎症反应[24]。前期研究发现,植物乳植杆菌ZJ316能显著抑制幽门螺杆菌感染后TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6等促炎因子的表达[25]。推测其可能通过调控MAPK信号通路发挥作用。基于此,利用蛋白质免疫印迹检测植物乳植杆菌ZJ316对幽门螺杆菌感染后p38 MAPK通路激活状态的影响。如图1所示,与对照组相比,经植物乳植杆菌ZJ316处理后未观察到明显的p38磷酸化激活。幽门螺杆菌感染1 h后,p38的磷酸化水平显著上升,感染2 h后呈现下降趋势,这一动态变化符合信号通路激活的生物学规律。Yang等[26]采用胎儿胃上皮细胞HSFE和人正常胃黏膜上皮细胞GES-1比较了儿童与成人在幽门螺杆菌感染中的差异,研究发现2种细胞在感染幽门螺杆菌1 h后p38的磷酸化水平均达到峰值,随后逐渐下降,与本研究结果高度一致。Nakayama等[27]使用幽门螺杆菌ATCC 49503 VacA刺激人胃腺癌细胞系AZ-521,发现p38的磷酸化水平在处理后10 min显著升高,2 h后与对照组相比已无显著差异。随着刺激持续,细胞可能通过上调MAPK磷酸酶(如DUSP9等)抑制p38 MAPK的过度激活。研究表明DUSP9 (双特异性磷酸酶9)作为p38 MAPK的特异性负调控因子,其表达水平会在Hp持续刺激下显著上调,以防止过度炎症造成组织损伤[28]。结果表明,植物乳植杆菌ZJ316能够显著抑制幽门螺杆菌感染后p38 MAPK信号通路的激活(1 h和2 h抑制率分别为21.95%和33.72%,P<0.01)。
为进一步探究植物乳植杆菌ZJ316调控的具体作用机制,对幽门螺杆菌处理组(Hp 2 h)和植物乳植杆菌ZJ316干预组(Hp+ZJ316 2 h)进行转录组测序,筛选出与p38 MAPK通路调控相关的差异基因。如图2所示,植物乳植杆菌ZJ316干预后钙电压门控通道辅助亚基β2 (CACNB2)、MAP3K8FOS基因表达下调。CACNB2是编码电压依赖性钙通道蛋白相关亚基的基因,主要调节Ca2+的进入,而细胞内Ca2+水平与活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)的产生呈正相关,高水平的ROS可进一步加强炎症反应[29-30]。MAP3K8是一种属于MAP3K家族的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,其活化可通过刺激或细胞特异性的方式激活细胞外信号调节激酶、C-Jun氨基末端激酶、NF-κB和p38 MAPK等多条信号通路,进一步促进免疫细胞的活化和炎症因子的释放[31-32]FOS基因编码的蛋白与p38 MAPK蛋白紧密相关,其编码的蛋白可构成转录激活蛋白-1 (AP-1)转录因子,参与调控DNA修复、细胞增殖、细胞周期以及细胞凋亡等关键生物学过程[33]
转录组测序结果显示,植物乳植杆菌ZJ316干预可显著调控多个与p38 MAPK信号通路存在直接或间接关联的功能基因。例如,成纤维细胞生长因子9 (FGF9)的表达可通过成纤维细胞生长因子受体3 (FGFR3)激活p38 MAPK通路,参与胚胎发育、细胞分化和组织修复等[34];血管生成素-2 (ANGPT2)与调控血管的生成、通透性和修复,参与炎症和血管系统平衡有关[35];Rac家族小GTPase 2 (RAC2)能够调控细胞骨架的重新排列、细胞迁移和炎症反应[36]。也有一些基因在幽门螺杆菌感染后表达下调,而在植物乳植杆菌ZJ316干预处理后表达上升,如FGFR3,其通过Ras-MAPK信号级联反应参与细胞的增殖、分化和迁移调控[37]。血清反应因子(SRF)作为p38 MAPK下游效应分子,能够促进细胞增殖、细胞死亡抵抗以及肌肉发育等过程[38]。特别值得关注的是,植物乳植杆菌ZJ316的干预能够显著抑制MAP3K8FOS等与MAPK信号通路密切相关的促炎基因表达。
为进一步验证植物乳植杆菌ZJ316对上述基因表达的影响,利用实时荧光定量PCR进行检测。如图3所示,与p38 MAPK通路激活密切相关的MAP3K8在幽门螺杆菌感染2 h后迅速上升,而在植物乳植杆菌ZJ316干预下显著下调。结果表明植物乳植杆菌ZJ316可能通过调控MAP3K8-p38 MAPK信号通路来抑制幽门螺杆菌感染所诱导的炎症。
为了探究植物乳植杆菌ZJ316能否通过调控p38 MAPK通路抑制幽门螺杆菌所引起的炎症反应,利用p38 MAPK抑制剂Adzmapimod进行验证。蛋白质免疫印迹结果如图4显示,幽门螺杆菌感染可显著诱导p38磷酸化,植物乳植杆菌ZJ316处理能有效抑制这一激活过程,而Adzmapimod的联合处理进一步增加了植物乳植杆菌ZJ316对p38通路的抑制作用。
干扰素γ (IFN-γ)是一种由免疫细胞、黏膜上皮细胞等产生的可溶性细胞因子,当其与受体结合后能够激活JAK-STAT信号通路,诱导IFN-γ刺激基因的表达[39]。TNF-α是最早发现的与肿瘤相关的细胞因子[40]。IL-6和IL-10则是由多种细胞产生的重要炎症因子[41]。因此进一步通过RT-qPCR检测下游IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-10的mRNA表达。如图5所示,幽门螺杆菌感染后IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-6 mRNA水平分别上调1.78倍、15.34倍和47.81倍(vs.对照组,P<0.01),同时抗炎因子IL-10的表达水平轻微上调,这与既往报道的幽门螺杆菌利用IL-10介导免疫逃逸的机制相符[18]。植物乳植杆菌ZJ316干预可显著缓解幽门螺杆菌诱导的IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-6过度表达,并使IL-10的表达进一步升高。当联合应用p38 MAPK特异性抑制剂Adzmapimod进行共处理后,两者表现出协同效应。上述研究表明,植物乳植杆菌ZJ316在抑制幽门螺杆菌引发的炎症反应过程中至少部分通过调控p38 MAPK信号通路发挥作用。尽管联合使用p38 MAPK特异性抑制剂Adezmapimod后,其对p38通路的抑制效果有所减弱,但表明其可能通过NF‑κB、JNK和ERK等多条通路协同发挥抗炎作用。研究表明一些乳酸菌可以通过产生共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid, CLA)和胞外多糖(exopolysaccharide, EPS)来抑制幽门螺杆菌介导的MAPK通路(p38、JNK和ERK)的激活[42]。Takeda等[43]研究表明,副干酪乳杆菌菌株06TCa19可同时通过下调NF-κB和p38 MAPK信号通路的激活来抑制幽门螺杆菌诱导的人胃上皮细胞炎性趋化因子(IL-8和CCL-5)的产生。未来也将在后续研究中进一步通过特异性通路抑制剂并联合蛋白质免疫印迹分析系统解析植物乳植杆菌ZJ316的多靶点调控网络。
为深入探究植物乳植杆菌ZJ316通过调控p38 MAPK通路缓解幽门螺杆菌感染引起炎症的分子机制,本研究建立了植物乳植杆菌预处理的小鼠感染模型,以探究乳酸菌的调控作用。
苏木精和伊红染色(H&E)作为组织病理学的金标准检测方法,因其操作简单、染色特异性强、结果稳定可靠等优势,被广泛应用于临床病理诊断和科研工作中[44]。该方法通过苏木精对细胞核的嗜碱性染色和伊红对细胞质的嗜酸性染色,能够在光学显微镜高倍视野(400×)下清晰显示胃黏膜组织的形态学特征,包括上皮细胞完整性、腺体结构以及炎性细胞浸润程度等关键病理指标,是目前评估胃炎严重程度最权威的组织学评价体系。小鼠胃黏膜H&E染色结果如图6所示,对照组(Control)小鼠胃黏膜组织结构清晰,上皮细胞完整,黏膜层腺体密集排列,形态正常,无明显病变。幽门螺杆菌处理组(Hp)呈现典型胃炎病理特征,包括上皮细胞坏死脱落、大量中性粒细胞浸润(黑色箭头)及黏膜下层出血。植物乳植杆菌ZJ316干预组呈现出较为完整的组织结构,仅见少量上皮细胞脱落,黏膜下层轻度水肿并伴随少量炎症细胞浸润。Adezmapimod联合处理组与对照组相似,伴有轻微炎症细胞浸润。上述结果表明,植物乳植杆菌ZJ316通过调控p38 MAPK通路减轻幽门螺杆菌诱导的炎症损伤。
本研究检测了小鼠血清中炎症因子含量的变化。如图7所示,幽门螺杆菌感染显著提高了血清中IL-8的含量(增幅109.6%,vs.对照组,P<0.01),而降低了抗炎因子IL-10的含量(降幅37.67%,vs. Control组,P<0.01)。值得注意的是,植物乳植杆菌ZJ316的处理使IL-8的水平显著降低,同时IL-10的水平显著升高。更为重要的是,联合应用植物乳植杆菌ZJ316与Adzmapimod后,进一步降低了IL-8的水平,IL-10的含量也显著提高(分别为45.28%和21.64%,vs. Hp组,P<0.05),这与H&E病理染色结果基本一致。这些发现表明植物乳植杆菌ZJ316在一定程度上通过调控p38 MAPK通路来抑制幽门螺杆菌感染引起的全身炎症反应,可能也存在其他信号通路发挥作用,具体需要进一步验证。
本研究通过LEfSe分析揭示了植物乳植杆菌ZJ316对幽门螺杆菌感染小鼠胃菌群结构的调控作用(图8A)。结果显示,在幽门螺杆菌处理组中,门水平上假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)占主导地位;纲水平上德尔塔变形菌纲(Deltaproteobacteria)显著富集;目水平上脱硫弧菌目(Desulfovibrionales)显著富集;科水平上脱硫弧菌科(Desulfovibrionaceae)和鼠杆状菌科(Muribaculaceae)显著富集;属水平上脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)显著富集;种水平上脱硫弯杆菌(Desulfovibrio sp.) 3_1_syn3显著富集。植物乳植杆菌ZJ316处理后,芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)的相对丰度较Hp组显著升高[(54.8±9.9)% vs. (27.8±5.9)%,P<0.01] (图8A8B)。植物乳植杆菌ZJ316和Adezmapimod的协同处理组中,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)显著富集[(58.5±5.2)% vs. (47.8±6.9)%,P<0.05] (图8A8C);纲水平上,拟杆菌纲(Bacteroidia)显著富集;目水平上,拟杆菌目(Bacteroidales)显著富集;科水平的拟杆菌科(Bacteroidaceae)及理化所菌科(Rikenellaceae)显著富集;属水平上拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、别样杆菌属(Alistipes)和葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)显著富集;种水平的尼泊尔葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus nepalensis)显著富集(图8A)。值得注意的是,已有研究报道其他植物乳植杆菌(如L. plantarum ZDY 2013、ZFM 4等)在缓解幽门螺杆菌感染过程中也可通过改善肠胃部菌群结构起到一定作用,但其主要通过调控BacillotaBacteroidota的比例发挥作用,但对特定菌属,如Alistipes和栖粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)等的调控能力相对有限[45-46]。Wu等[47]研究发现,干酪乳杆菌T1可显著抑制幽门螺杆菌在小鼠体内定殖,同时提高Faecalibacterium的丰度,但对Alistipes的丰度未产生显著影响。Zhou等[48]则报道,副干酪乳杆菌ZFM54能够提升芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)、韦荣氏球菌属(Veillonella)等多种菌群的相对丰度,有效恢复幽门螺杆菌感染小鼠的胃部微生态环境。相比之下,植物乳植杆菌ZJ316干预不仅显著提高了Bacillota的相对丰度(P<0.01),且在与Adzmapimod联合使用后进一步促进Alistipes等多种有益菌群的富集。这表明植物乳植杆菌ZJ316在调节胃部微生态稳态和缓解炎症方面可能具有更为广泛且独特的作用机制。
综上所述,植物乳植杆菌ZJ316干预能够降低胃内致病性假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)丰度,显著提升芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)的丰度[(54.8±9.9)% vs. (27.8±5.9)%,P<0.01],与Adezmapimod联用后拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)显著富集[(58.5±5.2)% vs. (47.8±6.9)%,P<0.05],并协同促进Alistipes (增幅69.52%,vs. Hp组)等特定有益菌属的富集,进而维持胃微生态稳态。
差异表达基因的GO功能富集分析基于基因本体论(gene ontology)数据库,从细胞组分(cellular component)、分子功能(molecular function)和生物过程(biological process) 3个维度对基因功能进行系统性注释。其中,细胞组分描述基因产物的亚细胞定位或大分子复合物构成,分子功能表征基因产物自身的生化活性,生物过程则阐明其参与的生物过程[49]。本研究通过Pfam数据库进行蛋白结构域比对,将匹配到的基因序列映射至GO数据库的功能注释节点,从而获得差异基因的功能分类信息。如图9所示,对比幽门螺杆菌感染组与植物乳植杆菌ZJ316干预组的差异基因表达谱发现,基因产物功能在3个本体类别中均呈现显著富集趋势。在细胞组分方面,差异蛋白主要富集于蛋白复合体(如核糖体亚基)及细胞解剖结构(如细胞膜组分);在分子功能方面,主要涉及催化活性(如水解酶、氧化还原酶)、结构分子活性(如细胞骨架蛋白)、跨膜转运活性、分子结合(如离子结合)以及转录调控活性等;在生物过程方面,差异蛋白主要参与代谢过程(如脂质代谢)、细胞过程(如细胞增殖调控)、应激响应(如氧化应激)、物质定位(如离子转运)和生物调控(如信号转导通路调控)等多个功能模块。这些结果表明植物乳植杆菌ZJ316与幽门螺杆菌的处理干预显著影响了小鼠体内的代谢状态及特异性基因的转录活性,提示其可能通过多层次调控机制介导宿主的生理响应。
KEGG是收集了生物的基因组、通路和化合物信息的综合性数据库,该数据库对收录的序列进行分析,形成直系同源蛋白群,对于不同的蛋白群指定不同的KO序列[50]。本研究对差异基因进行KEGG注释分类,选择最显著的前22条富集通路进行分析,结果如图10所示,在幽门螺杆菌和植物乳植杆菌ZJ316处理的条件下,信号通路主要涉及新陈代谢、遗传信息处理、环境信息处理及细胞过程。在新陈代谢方面主要涉及碳水化合物代谢、能量代谢、脂质代谢、核苷酸代谢、氨基酸代谢、其他氨基酸代谢、聚糖生物合成和代谢、辅助因子和维生素代谢、萜类和多糖类代谢、其他次生代谢产物的生物合成及异种生物降解和代谢。在遗传信息处理方面主要涉及转录、翻译、折叠、分类和降解以及复制和修复。在环境信息处理方面主要涉及膜转运和信号转导。在细胞过程方面主要涉及运输和分解代谢、细胞生长和死亡、细胞群落-原核生物及细胞活性。这表明植物乳植杆菌ZJ316的处理改变了机体信号通路及生物过程。
本研究通过系统的体内外实验深入揭示了植物乳植杆菌ZJ316通过靶向调控p38 MAPK信号通路抑制幽门螺杆菌致病性的分子机制,并阐明了其对胃生态稳态的调节作用。主要结论如下:在分子水平上,植物乳植杆菌ZJ316特异性抑制幽门螺杆菌感染后p38 MAPK信号通路的激活,显著降低p38的磷酸化水平(1 h和2 h抑制率分别为21.95%和33.72%,P<0.01)及MAP3K8FOS等通路基因的表达,并降低促炎因子IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6 mRNA水平(降幅43.26%、35.95%、51.91%,P<0.01),从而有效缓解幽门螺杆菌诱导的炎症反应。动物实验进一步证实,植物乳植杆菌ZJ316干预不仅能改善胃黏膜病理损伤并降低血清促炎因子水平,且该效应与p38 MAPK抑制剂Adezmapimod有协调作用。在微生态调控方面,植物乳植杆菌ZJ316干预抑制假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)等致病菌的富集,同时显著提高芽孢杆菌门[(54.8±9.9)% vs. (27.8±5.9)%,P<0.01]等有益菌群的丰度,与Adezmapimod联用后拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)显著富集[(58.5±5.2)% vs. (47.8±6.9)%,P<0.05]并协同促进Alistipes (增幅69.52%,vs. Hp组)等特定有益菌属的富集。通过整合转录组学和生物信息学分析,植物乳植杆菌ZJ316通过“信号通路-代谢网络”的双重调控模式发挥作用,调控MAPK等关键信号转导途径及氧化应激反应等代谢过程,改善机体炎症并重塑胃生态。研究结果将为乳酸菌抑制幽门螺杆菌感染性炎症及基于益生菌功能性食品开发提供理论依据。
吴世英:方案设计、实验操作、稿件润色修改;胡铭洋:初稿写作、实验操作;徐艺:方法论、数据分析;谢露莹:软件程序,数据收集与监管;罗约诺:提供材料;樊嘉仪:执行调研;顾青:监督指导、经费支持。
作者声明不存在任何可能会影响本文所报告工作的已知经济利益或个人关系。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32001667)
  • 浙江工商大学省属高校基本科研业务费项目(QRK23006)
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2025年第65卷第12期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250368
  • 接收时间:2025-05-06
  • 首发时间:2025-12-08
  • 出版时间:2025-12-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-06
  • 录用日期:2025-06-19
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National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001667)
国家自然科学基金(32001667)
Zhejiang Gongshang University Provincial Colleges and Universities Basic Research Operating Expenses Program(QRK23006)
浙江工商大学省属高校基本科研业务费项目(QRK23006)
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    浙江工商大学 全省食品微生物与营养健康重点实验室,浙江 杭州

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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