Article(id=1204800736346481458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1204800727341310425, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250378, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1746720000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1752076800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-10, onlineDate=1765176479660, onlineDateStr=2025-12-08, pubDate=1764777600000, pubDateStr=2025-12-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765176479660, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765176479660, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765176479660, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1204800727341310425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='12', pageStart='5191', pageEnd='5649', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765176477513, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765176611928, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1204801291189986067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1204800727341310425, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1204801291189986068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1204800727341310425, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5630, endPage=5649, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1204800736673637205, articleId=1204800736346481458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Comparison of rhizosphere microbial community and keystone taxa among three network construction algorithms in Camphora migao, columnId=1194702985843413943, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Technology and Method, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective We compared the rhizosphere microbial interaction network structure and keystone taxon identification arising from distinct network construction algorithms, aiming to clarify the characteristics and advantages of each algorithm in inferring microbial interactions and identifying keystone taxa, thereby providing a theoretical basis for methodological selection. Methods Taking the rhizosphere microbial community of Camphora migao (a rare plant) as the model system, we constructed molecular ecological networks with three mainstream algorithms: sparse correlations for compositional data (SparCC), random matrix theory (RMT), and co-occurrence network (CoNet). We comprehensively compared network structural features and keystone taxon identification across algorithms by integrating PICRUSt2 functional prediction with keystone taxa-environmental factor correlation analysis. Results Network construction algorithms significantly influenced the topological properties of networks. SparCC generated highly modular networks (relative modularity index, RM=1.31) with distinct interaction segregation (edge connectivity=0). RMT produced a single-module structure (RM=0.78) and homogeneous connectivity (closeness centralization index=0.22). Integration of 26.0% negative correlations in CoNet reduced modularity (RM=0.95), increased network diameter (33.22 steps), and decreased robustness. Keystone taxon identification was method-dependent. Specifically, CoNet, SparCC, and RMT identified 224.00, 44.00, and 19.00 keystone taxa, respectively, with<9.2% cross-method overlap. Rhizobiales and Acidobacteriales were consistently identified as core keystone taxa by all methods, demonstrating cross-algorithm stability. The correlation analysis with environmental factors confirmed that these shared taxa significantly correlated with β-glucosidase activity, validating their role in cellulose degradation and highlighting methodological consistency in identifying key ecological processes. Conclusion The three algorithms exhibited complementary strengths: CoNet resolved complex competitive interactions; SparCC reliably assessed functional stability; RMT uncovered core functional modules. The correlation analysis with environmental factors validated the cellulose degradation function of keystone taxa, with high cross-method consistency in core ecological process identification. Our work provides a theoretical foundation for elucidating plant-microbe interactions and optimizing microbial network construction.

, correspAuthors=Jingzhong CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 分析不同网络构建算法对根际微生物互作网络结构及关键类群识别的差异特征,阐明各类算法在构建微生物互作关系、挖掘关键类群方面的特点及优势,为网络构建方法的选择提供理论参考。 方法 以珍稀植物米槁的根际微生物群落为研究对象,整合成分稀疏相关分析(sparse correlations for compositional data, SparCC)、随机矩阵理论(random matrix theory, RMT)及共现网络(co-occurrence network, CoNet)这3种主流算法构建分子生态网络;结合PICRUSt2功能预测与关键类群-环境因子关联分析,多维度比较不同算法的网络结构特征与关键类群识别结果。 结果 网络构建算法显著影响网络结构表现:SparCC具有高模块化特性,相对模块化指数(relative modularity index, RM)为1.31,且互作隔离明显(边连通性=0);RMT则形成单一模块化结构(RM=0.78),连接呈均质化(接近中心化指数为0.22);CoNet因整合了26.0%的负相关边,导致模块化降低(RM=0.95),网络直径扩大至33.22个节点步长且鲁棒性下降。关键类群识别具有高度方法依赖性:CoNet、SparCC和RMT分别识别出224.00、44.00和19.00个关键类群,跨方法重叠率不足9.2%,表明算法选择显著影响关键节点判定。根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)和酸杆菌目(Acidobacteriales)被所有方法一致识别为核心关键类群,证实其具有跨方法稳定性。环境因子相关性分析表明,共有关键类群与β-葡萄糖苷酶活性呈显著正相关,这不仅验证了其在纤维素降解中的核心生态功能,更揭示不同方法在关键生态过程解析上具有高度一致性。 结论 3种网络构建算法在解析根际微生物互作中呈现互补优势:CoNet适用于复杂竞争互作关系解析,SparCC在功能稳定性探究中具有更高可靠性,RMT则对核心功能模块挖掘表现出独特适用性;环境因子关联分析有效验证了关键类群的纤维素降解功能,且不同方法在核心生态过程解析中具有高度一致性。本研究为揭示植物-微生物互作机制及优化微生物网络研究方法提供了重要理论依据。

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A-C: Correlation heatmaps of SparCC, RMT, and CoNet, respectively [The color gradient indicates the direction and strength of correlations (Purple: Positive correlation; Green: Negative correlation). Significance levels are denoted by asterisks (*: P<0.05; **: P<0.01)]; D: Corresponding microbial correlation network (Node colors: green represents key nodes, red represents environmental factors. Node size indicates node degree. Solid lines represent positive correlations, dashed lines represent negative correlations)., figureFileSmall=nDhmBM5c7mtEP/mXvmejkA==, figureFileBig=J96gLxipLj7iEBL5DKsJGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784597996294358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800736346481458, language=CN, label=图7, caption=基于不同网络构建方法的关键节点与环境因子关联分析。A-C:分别为SparCC、RMT、CoNet的相关性热图[颜色梯度表示相关性方向与强度(紫色:正相关;绿色:负相关),显著性水平以*标注(*:P<0.05;**:P<0.01)];D:对应微生物相关性网络图(节点颜色:绿色表示关键节点,红色表示环境因子。节点大小表明节点度(degree);实线表示正相关,虚线表示负相关)。, figureFileSmall=nDhmBM5c7mtEP/mXvmejkA==, figureFileBig=J96gLxipLj7iEBL5DKsJGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784598214398180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800736346481458, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Topological parameters of microbial co-occurrence networks under different network construction methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MethodSparCCCoNetRMT
Number of edges2 513.002 653.001 952.00
Number of assortative edges2 513.001 963.001 952.00
Number of disassortative edges0.00690.000.00
Number of nodes491.00500.00440.00
Degree0.020.020.02
Average node degree10.2410.618.87
Average path length3.803.633.77
Network diameter11.0033.2210.00
Edge connectivity0.000.001.00
Average clustering coefficient0.440.340.24
Number of modules6.005.001.00
Degree centralization index0.140.170.13
Betweenness centralization index0.110.190.14
Closeness centralization index1.431.340.22
Relative modularity1.310.950.78
Number of critical nodes44.00224.0019.00
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不同网络构建方法下微生物共现网络拓扑参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MethodSparCCCoNetRMT
Number of edges2 513.002 653.001 952.00
Number of assortative edges2 513.001 963.001 952.00
Number of disassortative edges0.00690.000.00
Number of nodes491.00500.00440.00
Degree0.020.020.02
Average node degree10.2410.618.87
Average path length3.803.633.77
Network diameter11.0033.2210.00
Edge connectivity0.000.001.00
Average clustering coefficient0.440.340.24
Number of modules6.005.001.00
Degree centralization index0.140.170.13
Betweenness centralization index0.110.190.14
Closeness centralization index1.431.340.22
Relative modularity1.310.950.78
Number of critical nodes44.00224.0019.00
), ArticleFig(id=1217784598482833663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800736346481458, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Number of node types based on Zi -Pi classification by different network methods

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MethodConnectorsModule hubsNetwork hubsPeripheral nodes
SparCC16101464
RMT14111414
CoNet11595371
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不同网络方法基于 Zi -Pi 分类的节点类型数量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MethodConnectorsModule hubsNetwork hubsPeripheral nodes
SparCC16101464
RMT14111414
CoNet11595371
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三种网络构建算法下米槁根际细菌结构与关键物种的响应比较
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张靖怡 1, 2, 3 , 王悦云 1, 2, 3 , 陈敬忠 1, 2, 3, * , 孙庆文 1, 2, 3 , 廖小锋 4
微生物学报 | 技术与方法 2025,65(12): 5630-5649
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微生物学报 | 技术与方法 2025, 65(12): 5630-5649
三种网络构建算法下米槁根际细菌结构与关键物种的响应比较
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张靖怡1, 2, 3, 王悦云1, 2, 3, 陈敬忠1, 2, 3, * , 孙庆文1, 2, 3, 廖小锋4
作者信息
  • 1.贵州中医药大学 药学院,贵州 贵阳
  • 2.贵州省中药民族药材种质资源保存及评价工程研究中心,贵州 贵阳
  • 3.贵州省中药生药学重点实验室,贵州 贵阳
  • 4.贵州省植物园,贵州 贵阳
Comparison of rhizosphere microbial community and keystone taxa among three network construction algorithms in Camphora migao
Jingyi ZHANG1, 2, 3, Yueyun WANG1, 2, 3, Jingzhong CHEN1, 2, 3, * , Qingwen SUN1, 2, 3, Xiaofeng LIAO4
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
  • 2.Engineering Research Center for Conservation and Evaluation of Germplasm Resources of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicinal Materials in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
  • 3.Guizhou Key Laboratory for Raw Material of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
  • 4.Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
出版时间: 2025-12-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250378
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目的 分析不同网络构建算法对根际微生物互作网络结构及关键类群识别的差异特征,阐明各类算法在构建微生物互作关系、挖掘关键类群方面的特点及优势,为网络构建方法的选择提供理论参考。 方法 以珍稀植物米槁的根际微生物群落为研究对象,整合成分稀疏相关分析(sparse correlations for compositional data, SparCC)、随机矩阵理论(random matrix theory, RMT)及共现网络(co-occurrence network, CoNet)这3种主流算法构建分子生态网络;结合PICRUSt2功能预测与关键类群-环境因子关联分析,多维度比较不同算法的网络结构特征与关键类群识别结果。 结果 网络构建算法显著影响网络结构表现:SparCC具有高模块化特性,相对模块化指数(relative modularity index, RM)为1.31,且互作隔离明显(边连通性=0);RMT则形成单一模块化结构(RM=0.78),连接呈均质化(接近中心化指数为0.22);CoNet因整合了26.0%的负相关边,导致模块化降低(RM=0.95),网络直径扩大至33.22个节点步长且鲁棒性下降。关键类群识别具有高度方法依赖性:CoNet、SparCC和RMT分别识别出224.00、44.00和19.00个关键类群,跨方法重叠率不足9.2%,表明算法选择显著影响关键节点判定。根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)和酸杆菌目(Acidobacteriales)被所有方法一致识别为核心关键类群,证实其具有跨方法稳定性。环境因子相关性分析表明,共有关键类群与β-葡萄糖苷酶活性呈显著正相关,这不仅验证了其在纤维素降解中的核心生态功能,更揭示不同方法在关键生态过程解析上具有高度一致性。 结论 3种网络构建算法在解析根际微生物互作中呈现互补优势:CoNet适用于复杂竞争互作关系解析,SparCC在功能稳定性探究中具有更高可靠性,RMT则对核心功能模块挖掘表现出独特适用性;环境因子关联分析有效验证了关键类群的纤维素降解功能,且不同方法在核心生态过程解析中具有高度一致性。本研究为揭示植物-微生物互作机制及优化微生物网络研究方法提供了重要理论依据。

微生物网络  /  米槁  /  网络理论  /  根际微生物  /  关键类群

Objective We compared the rhizosphere microbial interaction network structure and keystone taxon identification arising from distinct network construction algorithms, aiming to clarify the characteristics and advantages of each algorithm in inferring microbial interactions and identifying keystone taxa, thereby providing a theoretical basis for methodological selection. Methods Taking the rhizosphere microbial community of Camphora migao (a rare plant) as the model system, we constructed molecular ecological networks with three mainstream algorithms: sparse correlations for compositional data (SparCC), random matrix theory (RMT), and co-occurrence network (CoNet). We comprehensively compared network structural features and keystone taxon identification across algorithms by integrating PICRUSt2 functional prediction with keystone taxa-environmental factor correlation analysis. Results Network construction algorithms significantly influenced the topological properties of networks. SparCC generated highly modular networks (relative modularity index, RM=1.31) with distinct interaction segregation (edge connectivity=0). RMT produced a single-module structure (RM=0.78) and homogeneous connectivity (closeness centralization index=0.22). Integration of 26.0% negative correlations in CoNet reduced modularity (RM=0.95), increased network diameter (33.22 steps), and decreased robustness. Keystone taxon identification was method-dependent. Specifically, CoNet, SparCC, and RMT identified 224.00, 44.00, and 19.00 keystone taxa, respectively, with<9.2% cross-method overlap. Rhizobiales and Acidobacteriales were consistently identified as core keystone taxa by all methods, demonstrating cross-algorithm stability. The correlation analysis with environmental factors confirmed that these shared taxa significantly correlated with β-glucosidase activity, validating their role in cellulose degradation and highlighting methodological consistency in identifying key ecological processes. Conclusion The three algorithms exhibited complementary strengths: CoNet resolved complex competitive interactions; SparCC reliably assessed functional stability; RMT uncovered core functional modules. The correlation analysis with environmental factors validated the cellulose degradation function of keystone taxa, with high cross-method consistency in core ecological process identification. Our work provides a theoretical foundation for elucidating plant-microbe interactions and optimizing microbial network construction.

microbial networks  /  Camphora migao  /  network theory  /  rhizosphere microorganisms  /  keystone taxa
张靖怡, 王悦云, 陈敬忠, 孙庆文, 廖小锋. 三种网络构建算法下米槁根际细菌结构与关键物种的响应比较. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (12) : 5630 -5649 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250378
Jingyi ZHANG, Yueyun WANG, Jingzhong CHEN, Qingwen SUN, Xiaofeng LIAO. Comparison of rhizosphere microbial community and keystone taxa among three network construction algorithms in Camphora migao[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (12) : 5630 -5649 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250378
微生物是陆地生态系统中生物量占比最高且生物多样性最丰富的类群[1-2],在驱动碳氮循环、维持生态稳态方面发挥着不可替代的生态服务功能。其中,根际微生物作为土壤-植物界面的核心功能单元,对宿主植物的根系构型优化、养分吸收效率具有关键调控作用[3]。植物与微生物通过协同进化形成了精密的双向调控网络[4]:宿主植物通过释放根系分泌物等代谢产物构建特定的根际微域环境,定向选择优势菌群;微生物群落则通过生物固氮、有机磷矿化、植物激素合成等代谢活动反馈调节宿主植物的生长发育。根系分泌物介导的植物、土壤、微生物间的相互作用已成为当前国内外研究的热点领域。最新研究表明根际优势菌株可通过表观遗传调控影响药用植物萜类合成酶基因的表达丰度,并参与黄酮类化合物生物合成途径中关键限速酶的磷酸化修饰,从而直接参与药用活性成分的积累过程[5-6]。因此,系统解析这种互作关系的分子机制不仅对阐明植物-微生物共进化理论具有创新价值,更为基于合成微生物组的药用植物定向培育提供理论支撑。
近年来,微生物群落网络构建理论快速发展,为解析复杂生态系统中物种互作关系提供了重要方法论支撑。常见的网络构建方法是相关性分析,作为解析微生物群落生态关系的重要方法,它已在土壤、水体、人体微生物组等研究中获得广泛应用[7-8]。基于高通量测序获得的物种丰度矩阵,研究者可通过整合共现频率、丰度协变等多元特征构建微生物间的互作网络模型,进而揭示共生、竞争等生态关系的时空动态[9]。然而,现有网络构建方法在算法基础上存在显著差异。例如,SparCC采用成分数据分析消除系统误差,是一种专为成分数据设计的相关性推断算法,其核心机制是基于Aitchison[10]提出的对数比变换,通过计算扩增子序列变体(amplicon sequence variant, ASV)之间的variance来度量它们的相关性,并采用贝叶斯框架对真正的fraction值进行估计。此外,为了消除零值的影响并避免检测到稀有成分之间的假相关性,SparCC采用随机抽样的方法来估计true fractions,可有效处理基因组调查数据中的组成效应,避免因这种效应而导致的相关性误差。因此,SparCC在微生物群落网络研究中发挥重要作用,有助于我们更好地理解微生物群落间的相互作用[11]。RMT则通过随机矩阵理论推断信息熵关联。这些方法在数据分布假设(如正态性检验)、零值补偿策略(如伪计数添加)及因果关系判别阈值等方面存在显著差异,导致相同数据集可能生成拓扑属性(如模块度、中心性指数)迥异的互作网络[12]。CoNet是基于混合模型的微生物共现网络构建工具,专为解析复杂微生物群落互作关系设计,CoNet网络构建采用多算法集成建模框架[13],其核心在于通过异质性度量融合策略提升微生物互作网络推断的鲁棒性。该算法整合Bray-Curtis相异性、Kullback-Leibler散度、Pearson/Spearman相关性及互信息等5类互补性度量[8,11]。其模块化架构允许研究者灵活定义数据标准化方案及阈值参数,从而实现从丰度矩阵预处理直至网络拓扑优化的全链条可编程控制。目前,主流的网络构建方法包括基于统计学模型的SparCC、基于条件依赖关系的稀疏逆协方差估计方法(sparse inverse covariance estimation for ecological association inference, SPIEC-EASI)、基于信息熵理论的RMT等。这些方法在算法假设(如数据分布特征)、计算策略(如零值处理)和网络推断原理(如相关性与因果性判别)等方面的差异,使得不同方法在应用于同一数据集时其分析结果通常会产生明显不同。
米槁[Camphora migao (H. W. Li) Y. Yang, Bing Liu & Zhi Yang]为樟科樟属植物,是仅分布于云南、贵州、广西交界干热河谷的中国特有珍稀易危物种,其成熟干燥果实是贵州十大苗药之一的大果木姜子[14]。前期研究表明,关键物种(类群) (keystone taxa)在调控微生物群落结构及其功能稳定性方面发挥着至关重要的作用,对维持植物健康不可或缺。它们能够维持土壤微生态平衡、增强植物的抗逆性、驱动功能基因的表达。米槁生存与健康状况高度依赖于根际微生物群落的稳定性和功能协调性。例如,米槁根际芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)和副伯克霍尔德菌属(Paraburkholderia)构成了高连接度核心菌属,形成了微生物互作网络的关键物种[15-16]。在米槁根际真菌群落中,木霉属(Trichoderma)和青霉属(Penicillium)被识别为优势及关键功能属,分别作为高效的吲哚-3-乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)生产者和溶磷菌,协同其他功能类群通过活化养分(磷、钾)、促进根系发育(IAA)及诱导系统抗性,共同驱动米槁幼苗生长[17-18]。以关键物种功能互补性设计的复配菌剂(如兼具溶磷、解钾及生产IAA能力的组合)在米槁人工幼苗培育方面具有较高的应用价值。因此,关键物种的识别对于认知微生物对宿主健康的影响至关重要。识别并利用根际微生物群落中关键物种是开发靶向性强、功效明确的高效益生菌剂的一条可行路径。米槁根际微生物中与碳、氮等元素循环过程相关的关键基因会富集表达,对环境中微生物存在极强的招募和过滤作用,定向选择装配形成特定的根际微生物群落[16]。同时米槁根际微生物中关键类群对其果实发育与品质形成具有关键影响,进一步凸显了对米槁根际微生物网络构建和关键类群识别理论进行探讨的重要性[19]
然而,目前在微生物群落构建理论方面仍存在诸多争议,特别是多种方法对网络稳定性与功能冗余性的横向比较。因此,本研究利用米槁根际16S rRNA基因扩增子细菌注释数据,系统比较了SparCC、RMT和CoNet 3种网络构建方法,阐明根际微生物群落互作网络中的方法学异同。通过分析微生物网络拓扑参数及其对环境因子的响应敏感性揭示各类算法在构建微生物互作关系与挖掘关键类群中的特点及优势。
从米槁16个居群(个体)中选取86株树龄在20年左右的成熟个体,于2020年10月至2022年11月,连续2年对上述个体的根际土壤进行取样。采样过程严格遵循无菌操作规程,去除表层土壤及腐殖质层后采集样品,并收集具有代谢活性的次生侧根。采用五点取样法,确保样本多点采集。样本采集使用无菌毛刷和剪刀,保存于无菌聚乙烯(PE)管中。所有样本在4 ℃条件下运输至实验室。
采集根际土壤样本进行无菌处理,随后在37 ℃条件下避光风干。土壤pH值采用电位法测定;速效氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)的含量通过酸性土壤联合浸提-比色法测定;全效N、P、K的含量通过硫酸-高氯酸消解法结合分光光度法和火焰光度法测定。土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon, SOC)含量采用重铬酸钾氧化-分光光度法测定。土壤荧光素二乙酸酯水解酶(fluorescein diacetate hydrolase, FDA)、β-葡萄糖苷酶(β-glucosidase, β-GC)及土壤脲酶(urease, URE)活性采用标准化试剂盒(北京索莱宝科技有限公司)测定。
采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵法(CTAB)提取土壤DNA,使用NanoDrop 2000分光光度计(ThermoFisher Scientific公司)测定DNA浓度,并利用Qubit荧光定量仪对DNA样本进行精确定量。根据Qubit定量结果,使用无菌水对DNA样本进行梯度稀释,最终获得浓度为1 ng/μL的标准化溶液[20]。采用引物341F (5′-CCTAYGGG RBGCASCAG-3′)和806R (5′-GGACTACNNGG GTATCTAAT-3′)对细菌V3-V4可变区进行PCR扩增。根据16S rRNA基因测序区域的选择,使用带有barcode的特异性引物对提取的土壤DNA样本进行扩增。采用Phusion® High-Fidelity PCR Master Mix with GC Buffer (New England Biolabs公司),确保PCR反应的高效性和准确性。PCR反应体系(30 μL):Phusion Master Mix 15 µL,上、下游引物(0.2 μmol/μL)各1 µL,DNA模板10 μL,ddH2O 3 µL。PCR反应条件:98 ℃ 1 min;98 ℃ 10 s;50 ℃ 30 s;72 ℃ 30 s;30个循环;72 ℃ 5 min。采用2%浓度的琼脂糖凝胶对PCR产物进行电泳检测;依据PCR产物浓度进行等浓度混样,充分混匀后,利用1×TAE浓度2%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳纯化PCR产物,并割胶回收目标条带。使用胶回收试剂盒(Qiagen公司)对产物进行纯化。采用TruSeq® DNA PCR-Free样本制备试剂盒(Illumina公司)构建文库,构建完成的文库经过Qubit定量和文库检测,检测合格后使用NovaSeq 6000 pE250平台进行测序。
NovaSeq 6000 pE250测序数据参照QIIME 2中的“Atacama soil microbiome tutorial”流程完成分析(https://docs.qiime2.org/2019.1)。利用qiime tools import插件,将原始序列fastq文件导入为可进行QIIME 2后续处理的文件格式。然后运用QIIME 2 DADA2插件进行质控、修剪、去噪、拼接以及去除嵌合体,得到最终特征序列表格[21]。采用QIIME 2软件包中的feature-classifier插件,将ASV的代表性序列与预先训练的99%相似度的Greengenes数据库进行比对(该数据库基于341F/806R引物对,已被修剪至V3-V4区域),从而获得细菌物种分类信息表[22]。最后通过QIIME 2 feature-table插件剔除所有污染性的动物和植物序列,高通量测序原始数据已提交至NCBI数据库(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/),登录号为PRJNA910991。
在微生物组数据分析中,零膨胀问题普遍存在,这对相关性网络方法的预测精度有负面影响。因此,分析前需过滤数据以确保生物学意义。本研究用R语言(version 4.4.2) tidyverse包预处理微生物组数据,整合2020年和2021年数据集,构建跨年度ASV矩阵。设定50%样本检出阈值,依据零值计数统计原则筛选高频ASV。
该方法基于iNAP平台(http://inap.denglab.org.cn)构建微生物互作网络[23],将预处理数据上传至平台,输入筛选的ASV表。通过SparCC算法计算微生物间的相关性,设定相关性阈值为|ρ|>0.4,迭代次数为20次,并排除相关性变化量Δρ<0.1的关联。为确保结果的统计显著性,执行100次置换检验以计算伪P值,并保留P<0.05的显著相关性。最终,对所得结果进行错误发现率(false discovery rate, FDR)校正,以控制假阳性发现率。
使用iNAP平台,继续使用经过相同过滤处理的ASV表,采用Spearman秩相关法计算ASV间关联性(显著性水平α=0.05);生成相关性矩阵及显著性矩阵。基于随机矩阵理论进行特征值分布分析;通过χ2检验确定最优相似性阈值(Cutoff=0.6);最终基于双重筛选标准(|Spearman’s ρ|≥0.6且通过显著性检验)保留具有生物学意义的强关联对,建立微生物互作网络的核心拓扑架构。该方法通过RMT理论框架与统计验证相结合的阈值决策机制确保网络构建过程兼具数学严谨性与生态学解释力。
基于Cytoscape平台的CoNet插件,导入预处理ASV丰度表(进行过滤阈值row_minocc=10,即ASV需在≥10个样本中有效检出),选择Pearson、Spearman、Bray-Curtis和Kullback-Leibler 4种关联度量,设置初始边数阈值为500。网络可靠性通过双重统计验证:执行100次置换检验构建零分布计算经验P值,结合100次bootstrap重采样评估边稳定性,最终采用Benjamini-Hochberg法(FDR<0.01)控制假阳性。该集成策略通过异质算法的加权共识机制降低方法偏倚,多维度交叉验证显著提升生态关联关系的生物学可信度[24]。完成上述方法的构建后,使用Gephi 0.10.1软件对构建的网络进行可视化处理。在网络图中,每个节点代表一个ASV,每条边代表相互作用关系。随后,将得到的边和节点文件导入R (version 4.4.2)进行拓扑属性分析,利用tidyverse包进行数据清洗,通过ggClusterNet[25]包计算网络密度、节点中心性及RM等拓扑参数,RM为观测网络的模块度与随机网络的期望模块度之比。模块度也称模块化度量值,是常用的一种衡量网络社区结构强度的方法,最早由NewMan[26]提出,如公式(1)所示。
Q=12m×ijAij-ki×kj2mδCi,Cj
式中:Q为模块度,衡量社区划分的质量;Aij 为邻接矩阵元素,表示节点i和节点j之间是否有边,若两节点间有边,则Aij =1,否则Ai =0;KiKj 为节点i和节点j的度数,即各自连接的边的数量;M为整个网络中边的数量;δ(Ci, Cj )为Kronecker delta函数,当节点i和节点j属于同一个社区时取值为1,否则为0。模块度值的大小主要取决于网络中结点的社区分配C,即网络的社区划分情况,可以用于定量衡量网络社区划分质量,其值越接近1,表示网络划分出的社区结构的强度越强,也就是划分质量越好。因此可以通过最大化模块度Q来获得最优的网络社区划分。基于网络中节点中模块内连通度和模块间连通度,通过贪心模块最优算法[27]将网络中不同节点的拓扑角色分为4类:网络枢纽(network hubs) Zi >2.5,Pi >0.62;模块枢纽(modular hubs) Zi >2.5,Pi ≤0.62;连接器(connectors) Zi ≤2.5,Pi >0.62和外围节点(peripheral nodes) Zi ≤2.5,Pi ≤0.62,通常连接器、模块枢纽、网络枢纽是群落潜在关键类群[28],利用Origin 2025软件绘制不同方法网络的拓扑角色分布图,对丰度排名前50的关键ASV与环境因子进行Spearman相关性分析并进行可视化,明确主导环境因子。通过在线平台(https://www.bioincloud.tech)执行基于PICRUSt2的关键类群功能预测分析,验证其生态功能。
在不同构建方法下,微生物共现网络的拓扑特性呈现出显著差异(表1)。SparCC网络表现出最高的模块化程度(相对模块性指数RM=1.31),划分出6个边界清晰的模块(图1A),其高聚类系数(0.44)与适中的平均路径长度(3.80)支持了其对功能分化群落的解析能力[28]。CoNet网络基于自身算法计算出26.0%的负相关边,使得关键节点数量增加至224.00个,但模块数量减少至5个(RM=0.95)。此外,异常的网络直径(33.22)与边连通性为0的特征表明其长程连接的脆弱性[29]。RMT网络呈现出单一的整合模块(RM=0.78),其接近中心化指数仅为0.22,显著低于SparCC (1.43)和CoNet (1.34)等方法,这反映了节点间连接的均质化特征。
CoNet构建的网络边数最多(2 653.00),其次是SparCC (2 513.00),RMT最少(1 952.00),表明CoNet网络具有较高的网络密度,意味着节点间连接更为密集,可能存在更多的相互作用关系。RMT网络的边数最少,表明其网络相对稀疏,节点间直接联系较少。在正负相关边数量的分析中,SparCC和RMT网络分析仅揭示了节点间的正相关关系;而CoNet网络分析则揭示了正负相关边的存在,其中负相关边的数量达到690.00。3种方法构建的网络连接度均为0.02,说明它们在整体连接紧密程度上相近,但结合边数量和节点数量分析,SparCC网络节点数量为491.00,CoNet为500.00,RMT为440.00,CoNet在包含较多节点的情况下,其网络连接度与SparCC和RMT网络相近。此外,3个网络的平均路径长度为3.63-3.80,均符合小世界网络特性。
基于模块间连通性(Zi )与模块内连通性(Pi )的阈值分类[28],3种网络构建方法在关键类群识别中表现出显著差异(图2A-2C)。CoNet方法识别出115个连接器和5个全局枢纽(表2),多于SparCC (连接器16个,全局枢纽1个)和RMT (连接器14个,全局枢纽1个)。在模块化枢纽的分布检测中,SparCC检测到10个,RMT检测到11个,而CoNet仅检测到9个。外围节点占比在SparCC (94.50%)和RMT (94.30%)中显著高于CoNet (74.20%),表明SparCC和RMT在处理微生物组数据时对低连通性节点的筛选较为严格,而CoNet相对宽松。
在CoNet构建的网络拓扑结构中(图2C),全局枢纽节点通过较高的Zi 值与其他多个功能模块建立连接。相较于SparCC (图2A)和RMT (图2B)构建的网络,CoNet网络中全局枢纽节点的跨模块交互路径密度显著更高。在SparCC和RMT网络中,模块枢纽主要集中于模块内部,跨模块连接器数量分别仅为16个和14个,这反映了其算法在识别网络结构时可能对正相关关系存在一定的依赖性。外围节点在3种方法中占比均超过70.00%,符合微生物网络的“核心-外围”普遍结构。
通过对比3种不同方法在关键物种检测上的结果(图3),发现根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)在CoNet方法中的检测频次最高,达到43次,而在SparCC和RMT方法中分别检测到9次和6次,且在不同方法间共有的发现频次为3次。酸杆菌目(Acidobacteriales)在CoNet方法中被特异性地识别出38次,而在其他方法中仅出现2-5次,跨方法共现频次为3次。低丰度类群如黄单胞菌目(Xanthomonadales)仅在CoNet方法中检测到10次,跨方法共现频次为1次。上述结果表明,关键类群的识别结果受方法选择显著影响。尽管存在方法依赖性,但根瘤菌目与酸杆菌目仍被所有方法一致识别为核心关键类群,证实其在塑造根际微生物群落结构中起着重要作用。
微生物网络拓扑结构分析显示,不同目级分类单元在网络中的重要性呈现显著层级分化特征(图4)。SparCC算法构建的网络模型中(图4A),根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)、酸杆菌目(Acidobacteriales)和硝化螺旋菌目(Nitrospirales)作为主导类群,表现出空间分布分散化和嵌套性关联双重特征,其拓扑结构呈现多中心协同模式。RMT网络关键类群总数最低,形成以根瘤菌目为单一核心的简约网络结构(图4B),通过与低丰度的酸杆菌目、硝化螺旋菌目等建立有限连接,构建出典型的微生物核心-边缘拓扑结构。CoNet网络模型呈现出更为复杂的关联特征,嵌套圈图(图4C)显示根瘤菌目位于网络中心圈层,与红螺菌目(Rhodospirillales)等形成密集互作网络,凭借显著的高连接度占据网络绝对核心地位。酸杆菌目则通过独立的高度内部互作形成独立的功能模块集群,构成次级核心节点。
基于高通量测序技术与KEGG数据库(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)在线工具(http://www.kegg.jp)进行比对分析,在一级功能层中共有6类生物功能代谢通路(图5A)。其中,代谢基因最为富集,丰度占比达75.01%;遗传信息处理与细胞过程基因丰度次之,占比分别为8.12%与7.60%;人类疾病与有机系统基因丰度较低,占比分别为4.79%与2.11%;环境信息处理基因丰度最低,占比1.62%。二级通路结果显示(图5B),关键类群功能基因归属于43类,丰度占比前10位依次为:外源物质生物降解与代谢、其他次级代谢物生物合成、碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢、脂质代谢、辅因子与维生素代谢、萜类与聚酮类化合物代谢、多糖生物合成与代谢、信号转导及内分泌系统。其中,8类与代谢通路相关,1类与环境信息处理通路相关,1类与有机系统通路相关。三级通路分析结果进一步证实代谢相关通路占据主导地位,丰度最高的为萜类和类固醇生物合成,其次为酮体合成与降解以及缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸生物合成;前5位通路还包括细菌趋化性与脂肪酸生物合成,其中仅细菌趋化性为非代谢通路(图5C)。
通过维恩图分析系统评估不同方法间的结果(图6),CoNet方法共识别出224个关键节点,显著高于RMT方法识别的19个和SparCC方法识别的44个。交叉分析表明CoNet与SparCC共享33个节点,CoNet与RMT仅存在8个重叠节点,而RMT与SparCC间未发现共有节点(图6A)。相比之下,由于SparCC基于偏相关系数模型的计算框架,其节点识别模式与另外2种方法存在明显差异。其中共有关键节点11个:ASV10、ASV124、ASV13、ASV134、ASV211、ASV238、ASV37、ASV396、ASV462、ASV731、ASV984,跨方法重叠率不足9.2%,表明算法选择会显著影响关键节点的判定。
对3种网络分析方法获得的米槁根际微生物关键节点ASV与多种环境因子进行相关性分析及可视化。理化因子包括土壤全氮含量(total nitrogen, TN)、土壤全磷含量(total phosphorus, TP)、土壤全钾含量(total potassium, TK)、有效磷含量(available phosphorus, AP)、速效钾含量(available potassium, AK)、β-GC、pH、铵态氮含量(ammonium nitrogen content, NH4⁺-N)、SOC、FDA、SUE (图7A-7C)。结果显示,关键ASV与环境因子的相关性具有良好一致性(图7D):ASV7与β-GC、ASV18与pH、ASV10与β-GC、ASV24与β-GC、ASV40与β-GC均表现出强烈的正相关性,ASV15与pH、ASV24与pH均表现出强烈的负相关性,上述结果反映了这些关联的稳健性。在核心环境因子的共同识别中,β-GC和pH均被3种方法一致认定为关键驱动因子。因此,尽管算法不同,3种方法在筛选显著关联时均能有效捕捉微生物群落与环境因子的核心互作网络。
研究微生物群落中不同物种间的相互作用对于揭示其群落结构与功能具有至关重要的意义。本研究中SparCC因高模块化、聚类系数和模块化结构可通过功能分区缓冲环境扰动[30],这与Friedman等[11]、Guimerà等[28]提出的在微生物群落研究中通过分析网络模块化程度可识别出具有特定功能的微生物群体,进而推断其在生态系统中的作用这一观点一致。不同算法对正负相关性的处理存在差异。SparCC由于采用迭代筛选、对数比率转换机制和统计筛选系统性偏向正相关边的识别,虽有效缓解了组成效应问题,但丢失了负相关[31-32];RMT利用随机矩阵理论提升了抗噪声性能,在双重统计验证过滤中可能低估了负相关[33-34];而CoNet通过整合多相关性指标保留了统计显著性较高的负相关边[35],但模块化程度偏低,这可能源于方法学本质、环境偏好差异及噪声影响[26,36-37],这与周贤斌等[38]、张冰等[39]、张君红等[40]提出的“模块化降低与生态可靠性削弱的理论机制”观点一致。RMT网络结构存在显著同质化特征:缺乏功能分区、全局边连通性高、节点间连接均匀,且无核心-边缘结构或模块内高密度连接,这使得特定功能仅依赖于少数节点。一旦这些节点受损系统恢复能力将显著降低,这与Griffin等[36]关于“功能冗余增强抗干扰能力”的结论形成对比。
关键类群对群落结构和功能具有决定性影响,移除关键类群常导致微生物组发生显著变化。因此研究关键类群是揭示关键微生物功能及其相互作用的必要过程之一[41]。本研究在关键类群识别方面,3种方法的重叠率低于9.2%,表明不同网络分析方法对关键节点的判定存在显著差异,证实微生物群落关键类群的识别受算法选择影响。其中,CoNet的结果显著高于SparCC和RMT,这一差异与Guimerà等[28]提出的Zi -Pi 阈值分类框架的敏感性相关。CoNet对高Zi 值节点的宽松筛选[24,32]及其对稀疏数据的重抽样处理策略(如bootstrap法)可能放大了低丰度类群(如黄单胞菌目)的检出率,而SparCC依赖偏相关系数模型更倾向于筛选高丰度核心类群(如根瘤菌目),这一现象在Zheng等[42]对人类肠道微生物的研究中得到证实。3种方法均高频检出根瘤菌目在网络中的核心生态地位[43],印证了该目在植物共生固氮[44]、促进健康、增强病害抗性等方面具有关键的枢纽功能,与这一发现与关于根瘤菌目构成非豆科植物核心微生物群的研究结论高度一致[45]。此外,酸杆菌目作为适应低营养环境、维持贫瘠土壤群落稳定性的关键类群,其重要性在喀斯特地貌群落结构研究中也得到证实[46]。基于此,研究发现不同网络方法各具特点:CoNet方法能够全面捕获多功能关键类群,尤其适用于解析复杂互作网络中的低丰度功能类群(如黄单胞菌目);而SparCC方法则更擅长揭示高丰度物种间的竞争或共生关系;尽管RMT方法可能遗漏部分关键边缘类群,但其识别出的根瘤菌目核心类群仍可作为揭示关键微生物功能及其相互作用的重要方法。
PICRUSt2功能预测分析结果体现出显著的功能多样性。关键类群的功能结构以代谢通路为主导,印证了根际微生物作为物质-能量循环核心驱动者的生态角色[47]。这些微生物通过碳源利用和次生代谢物合成构建协同代谢网络,研究与Trivedi等[48]一致,揭示了代谢网络对物质循环的调控。三级通路分析显示,关键微生物通过代谢驱动植物-土壤相互作用[49],揭示了樟科植物根际菌群的构建机制。关键节点的跨方法重叠中,尽管3种方法的关键节点重叠率极低,但CoNet与RMT在算法原理上的共通点可能是导致两者部分结果一致性的潜在因素。环境因子关联分析中β-GC和pH的一致性识别表明不同方法在捕捉核心环境驱动因子上具有相似性,本质上是高丰度菌的适应性优势与分析方法的技术偏好共同作用的结果[50],证实关键代谢功能的环境驱动与所采用的方法学无关。
选取单一米槁根际生境为研究对象,可有效控制多环境因素,实现对特定微生物关联网络的相对精准解析,在排除宿主异质性干扰方面展现出独特的方法学优势。基于该体系,网络拓扑指标能更精确识别关键功能类群,如Yang等[51]通过整合代谢组-微生物组数据,基于拓扑特征筛选出调控碳氮循环的核心微生物属。本研究仅聚焦于米槁的根际,不同的植物根际环境会导致微生物互作网络的结构特征与关键类群分布存在偏差[52]。单一物种单一生境的微生物具有很强的随机性,难以有效甄别不同分析方法的优劣,未来需进一步跨物种、跨生态系统验证方法间的差异。其次,微生物群落的组成与互作受季节变化、宿主发育及环境扰动的影响[53-54]。静态网络分析仅能够识别某一特定时间点的关键节点,无法全面捕捉这些动态过程的变化对网络结构的影响[55-56]。不同的阈值也会系统性地重塑网络拓扑结构特征,这种核心机理差异源于底层算法架构的设计。虽然拓扑结构存在差异,但不同方法在环境因子关联分析中表现出高度一致性,表明其对核心功能群的识别具有生态学共识。PICRUSt2功能预测为了解米槁根际细菌的多样性提供了线索,但本研究基于16S rRNA基因序列的方法本身存在一定限制,若采用宏基因组学进行重要功能基因分析会提供更全面准确的信息。
尽管微生物网络分析具有很多优点,但毕竟只是由数学方法推断得到的,因此真实情况中所有的网络构建方法都不能区分出真正的生物相互作用和非随机的生态过程,所以各种方法的适用条件、结果优劣等只是相对而言的。不同的工具构建网络算法各有区别,适用情形也不一样。针对药用植物根际微生物互作网络的复杂性,未来研究需结合参数敏感性分析和多方法共识策略以平衡假阳性控制与生态互作完整性。具体而言:可采用混合模型,如用SparCC筛选正相关关系[11],利用CoNet补充负相关互作[57];结合Louvain[58]模块化算法优化网络结构稳定性,并运用零模型评估随机共现对网络参数的影响[34]以增强结果可靠性。同时,整合时间动态(植物生长周期、季节变化)[59]和空间异质性(根际与非根际区域)数据,揭示微生物互作的动态规律及环境驱动机制。此外,需扩大研究范围至不同药用植物及其生境,通过跨物种比较明确宿主特性对微生物互作模式的调控作用[60]。最终,通过耦合分子机制(如代谢物交换、信号通路)与生态网络特征(模块化、稳定性)[61]构建从微观互作到宏观功能的跨尺度理论框架,为解析微生物群落的相互作用机制提供科学基础。
本研究系统性地比较了SparCC、RMT和CoNet这3种方法在米槁根际微生物共现网络分析中的表现。结果表明,算法差异显著影响网络结构与关键类群的识别:SparCC网络模块化程度较高,有利于系统稳定性;CoNet由于整合了负相关边,导致模块化程度降低、关键节点增多,表明其具有识别正/负相关复杂互作模式的独特优势;RMT则呈现为单一整合模块,限制了功能冗余,但在识别核心功能模块上具有独特价值。关键类群的识别受到方法偏好的影响,表明方法选择可能导致结果偏差,但核心关键类群的识别具有跨方法稳定性。PICRUSt2功能预测显示,关键类群以代谢通路为主导。在环境因子关联分析中,3种方法展现出高度一致性。基于本研究结果,建议根据研究目标优化方法选择:解析竞争性互作首选CoNet,探究功能稳定性选用SparCC,解析核心功能模块则建议使用RMT。综上所述,研究者需根据具体需求综合考量方法学的适用性以提升微生物互作网络生态学推论的有效性。本研究不仅为方法选择提供了实证依据,更为复杂生境中微生物互作网络的解析提供了方法论层面的科学指引,有助于增强生态机制推断的可靠性。
张靖怡:完成实验,数据分析及绘图,初稿撰写;王悦云:构思者及负责人;陈敬忠:框架指导和修改论文;孙庆文:提供技术支持;廖小锋:项目管理和提供资源。
作者声明不存在任何可能会影响本文所报告工作的已知经济利益或个人关系。
  • 贵州省科技计划(Qiankehe MS(2025)176)
  • 贵州省科技支撑计划(Qiankehe [2023] General 049)
  • 贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目(Qianjiaoji [2024]12)
  • 贵州中医药大学博士启动基金(Gui Zhongyao Qi Chuangqi [2023]31)
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2025年第65卷第12期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250378
  • 接收时间:2025-05-09
  • 首发时间:2025-12-08
  • 出版时间:2025-12-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-09
  • 录用日期:2025-07-10
基金
Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Program(Qiankehe MS(2025)176)
贵州省科技计划(Qiankehe MS(2025)176)
Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Support Program(Qiankehe [2023] General 049)
贵州省科技支撑计划(Qiankehe [2023] General 049)
Guizhou Provincial Department of Education Natural Science Research Project(Qianjiaoji [2024]12)
贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目(Qianjiaoji [2024]12)
Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Doctoral Startup Fund(Gui Zhongyao Qi Chuangqi [2023]31)
贵州中医药大学博士启动基金(Gui Zhongyao Qi Chuangqi [2023]31)
作者信息
    1.贵州中医药大学 药学院,贵州 贵阳
    2.贵州省中药民族药材种质资源保存及评价工程研究中心,贵州 贵阳
    3.贵州省中药生药学重点实验室,贵州 贵阳
    4.贵州省植物园,贵州 贵阳

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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