Article(id=1204800730306683391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1204800727341310425, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250423, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1748793600000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1752681600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-17, onlineDate=1765176478220, onlineDateStr=2025-12-08, pubDate=1764777600000, pubDateStr=2025-12-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765176478220, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765176478220, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765176478220, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1204800727341310425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='12', pageStart='5191', pageEnd='5649', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765176477513, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765176611928, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1204801291189986067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1204800727341310425, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1204801291189986068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1204800727341310425, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5540, endPage=5558, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1204800731678220819, articleId=1204800730306683391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=The endophytic fungus Trichoderma harzianum affects the growth and physiological characteristics of Camphora migao seedlings under drought stress, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which the endophytic fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai help the seedlings of the rare medicinal plant Camphora migao (H. W. Li) Y. Yang, Bing Liu & Zhi Yang to defend against drought stress. Methods We simulated different drought stress gradients using the potted weighing method after inoculation of C. migao seedlings with T. harzianumvia rhizosphere injection and investigated the plant growth, physiological, and biochemical indexes. Results Under different drought conditions, inoculation with T. harzianum significantly increased the growth indexes such as biomass, plant height, and root growth of C. migao seedlings, compared with the uninoculated control group. Furthermore, T. harzianum significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the content of osmotically regulation substances, reduced the malondialdehyde content, and elevated the content of photosynthetic pigments in the seedling leaves, which effectively mitigated the drought stress effects on the growth and development of C. migao seedlings. Conclusion T. harzianum improved the physiological responses of C. migao seedlings to drought stress by regulating osmotic balance and maintaining the stability of antioxidant system.

, correspAuthors=Xiaofeng LIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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#These authors contributed equally to this work.

, authorsList=Qian WANG, Jingzhong CHEN, Xiaofeng LIAO, Yuangui XIE, Lan ZHANG, Manhua ZHANG, Tianhui PENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1204800734282883780, articleId=1204800730306683391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=内生真菌哈茨木霉对干旱胁迫下米槁幼苗生长和生理特性的影响, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究内生真菌哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum Rifai)对珍稀药用植物米槁[Camphora migao (H. W. Li) Y. Yang, Bing Liu & Zhi Yang]幼苗抵御干旱胁迫的作用机制。 方法 对米槁幼苗进行根际注菌,接种哈茨木霉后采用盆栽称重法模拟不同干旱胁迫进行处理,探究植株生长及生理生化指标的响应情况。 结果 在不同干旱条件下,与未接种菌的对照组相比,接种哈茨木霉显著提高了米槁幼苗的生物量、株高和根系生长等各项生长指标;显著提高了幼苗叶片抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,降低了叶片丙二醛含量,提升了光合色素含量,有效缓解了水分亏缺对幼苗生长发育的胁迫效应。 结论 哈茨木霉通过提高米槁幼苗调节渗透平衡、保持抗氧化系统稳定等应对干旱胁迫的生理能力,进而协助米槁幼苗有效应对干旱逆境。

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Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2023, 63(3): 1023-1034 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217784603893481949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, awardId=QKHZC[2023]YB049, language=EN, fundingSource=the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Support Program(QKHZC[2023]YB049), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217784604006728162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, awardId=QJJ[2024]121, language=EN, fundingSource=the Natural Science Research Project of the Education Department of Guizhou Province (Young Science and Technology Talent Development Program)(QJJ[2024]121), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217784604111585771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, awardId=QLKH[2025]03, language=EN, fundingSource=the General Project of Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program 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articleId=1204800730306683391, companyId=1217784596582810599, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州 贵阳)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217784601066520898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Colonization of Trichoderma harzianum on the roots of Camphora migao seedlings. A: Not inoculated with T. harzianum; B: Inoculated with T. harzianum., figureFileSmall=u4xGzGyo7BO/S1D93gvJUg==, figureFileBig=Lg8AOzqG1QX1rKpGF8ZIlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601167184205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=CN, label=图1, caption=哈茨木霉在米槁幼苗根部的定殖情况。A:未接种哈茨木霉;B:接种哈茨木霉。, figureFileSmall=u4xGzGyo7BO/S1D93gvJUg==, figureFileBig=Lg8AOzqG1QX1rKpGF8ZIlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601313984856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Changes in growth and root system of Camphora migao seedlings inoculated with Trichoderma harzianum. A: C. migao seedlings not inoculated with T. harzianum; B: C. migao seedling not inoculated with T. harzianum on the left, C. migao seedling inoculated with T. harzianum on the right; C-F: Scans of the root systems of C. migao seedlings not inoculated with fungi under CK, LD, MD, and SD conditions, respectively; G-J: Scans of the root systems of C. migao seedlings inoculated with T. harzianum under CK, LD, MD, and SD conditions, respectively. CK: No drought stress (control group); LD: Light drought stress; MD: Moderate drought stress; SD: Severe drought stress., figureFileSmall=sjalNwsvRKy9+3xF4SQbKA==, figureFileBig=1eWUHVc81I+rex7VD4s+UA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601544671584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=CN, label=图2, caption=接种哈茨木霉后米槁幼苗生长和根系的变化。A:未接种哈茨木霉的米槁幼苗整体;B:左边为未接种哈茨木霉的米槁幼苗,右边为接种了哈茨木霉的米槁幼苗;C-F:依次为CK、LD、MD以及SD条件下未接种菌的米槁幼苗根系扫描图;G-J:依次为CK、LD、MD以及SD条件下接种哈茨木霉的米槁幼苗根系扫描图。CK:无干旱胁迫(对照组);LD:轻度干旱胁迫;MD:中度干旱胁迫;SD:重度干旱胁迫。, figureFileSmall=sjalNwsvRKy9+3xF4SQbKA==, figureFileBig=1eWUHVc81I+rex7VD4s+UA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601666306407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Growth characteristics of Camphora migao seedlings after inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum under drought stress. A: Plant height; B: Ground diameter; C: Crown width. CK: No drought stress (control group); LD: Light drought stress; MD: Moderate drought stress; SD: Severe drought stress. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different inoculation conditions under the same drought stress condition (P<0.05), while different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between different drought stress conditions under the same inoculation condition (P<0.05). The same below., figureFileSmall=5QZaP27fRi9jKTb4S8vRUA==, figureFileBig=IjCz6xKS8CBXHJmJvBU8pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601792135530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=CN, label=图3, caption=干旱胁迫下接种哈茨木霉后米槁幼苗的生长特征。A:株高;B:地径;C:冠幅。CK:无干旱胁迫(对照组);LD:轻度干旱胁迫;MD:中度干旱胁迫;SD:重度干旱胁迫。不同小写字母表示同一干旱胁迫条件下不同接菌状态之间差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示同一接菌状态下不同干旱胁迫条件之间差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。, figureFileSmall=5QZaP27fRi9jKTb4S8vRUA==, figureFileBig=IjCz6xKS8CBXHJmJvBU8pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601917964657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Effect of inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum on the biomass of Camphora migao seedlings under drought stress. Same drought treatment, left side not inoculated with T. harzianum; right side inoculated with T. harzianum., figureFileSmall=SNlqfUWOkTlwz0rRh//rTQ==, figureFileBig=dTyYVjf8wSIc15Lr2Gg5dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602027016571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=CN, label=图4, caption=干旱胁迫下接种哈茨木霉对米槁幼苗生物量的影响。同一干旱处理下,左边为未接种哈茨木霉,右边为接种哈茨木霉。, figureFileSmall=SNlqfUWOkTlwz0rRh//rTQ==, figureFileBig=dTyYVjf8wSIc15Lr2Gg5dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602144457086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Effect of inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum on photosynthetic pigment content of Camphora migao seedlings under drought stress. A: Chlorophyll a; B: Carotenoids; C: Chlorophyll b; D: Chlorophyll a/b., figureFileSmall=PyDQbAsSvrYXPX2CTlfuUA==, figureFileBig=2tyCySDMBRHTYp6A27cWqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602224148868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=CN, label=图5, caption=干旱胁迫下接种哈茨木霉对米槁幼苗光合色素含量的影响。A:叶绿素a;B:类胡萝卜素;C:叶绿素b;D:叶绿素a/b。, figureFileSmall=PyDQbAsSvrYXPX2CTlfuUA==, figureFileBig=2tyCySDMBRHTYp6A27cWqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602287063434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Changes in osmoregulatory substance content of Camphora migao seedlings after inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum under drought stress. A: Soluble sugars (SS); B: Soluble proteins (SP); C: Proline (Pro); D: Relative water content (RWC)., figureFileSmall=xMcXwWZ7+ErGIGol5Tx6Bw==, figureFileBig=GpkryaBiCeb53pPHTVwEXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602417086864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=CN, label=图6, caption=干旱胁迫下接种哈茨木霉后米槁幼苗渗透调节物质含量变化。A:可溶性糖;B:可溶性蛋白质;C:脯氨酸;D:相对含水量。, figureFileSmall=xMcXwWZ7+ErGIGol5Tx6Bw==, figureFileBig=GpkryaBiCeb53pPHTVwEXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602534527377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Characterization of antioxidant enzyme systems and changes in MDA content in Camphora migao seedlings after inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum under drought stress. A: Catalase (CAT); B: Peroxidase (POD); C: Superoxide dismutase (SOD); D: Malondialdehyde (MDA)., figureFileSmall=sSYWUIhE7YORgxzfMf5p8A==, figureFileBig=2i0VgHWSEbbq/+fLCSUcGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602618413463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=CN, label=图7, caption=干旱胁迫下接种哈茨木霉后米槁幼苗抗氧化酶系统特征和MDA含量变化。A:过氧化氢酶;B:过氧化物酶;C:超氧化物歧化酶;D:丙二醛。, figureFileSmall=sSYWUIhE7YORgxzfMf5p8A==, figureFileBig=2i0VgHWSEbbq/+fLCSUcGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602702299550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=RDA analysis of the relationship between environmental variables and growth and physiological characteristics of Camphora migao seedlings. A: Growth indicators; B: Physiological indicators. Redundancy analysis (RDA) is a method that combines multiple regression analysis with principal components analysis (PCA). It reveals the mutual influence between variables by modeling the linear relationship between the response variable and the explanatory variables., figureFileSmall=NAZxMYX2Yvff28+7FoavkQ==, figureFileBig=RfvmHhkwHwf3NT/vlSvQqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602832322980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=CN, label=图8, caption=环境变量和米槁幼苗生长、生理特性关系的冗余分析。A:生长指标;B:生理指标。, figureFileSmall=NAZxMYX2Yvff28+7FoavkQ==, figureFileBig=RfvmHhkwHwf3NT/vlSvQqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602962346411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Spearman correlation analysis of various indexes of Camphora migao seedlings under drought stress. A: Not inoculated with T. harzianum; B: Inoculated with T. harzianum. The coefficients of the two indicators range from 1 to -1, the closer to 1 means the stronger the positive correlation, the closer to -1 means the stronger the negative correlation, and equal to 0 means there is no correlation between the two indicators. * indicates significant correlation. The size of the circle and the depth of the color correspond to the size of the correlation coefficient. The larger the circle and the darker the color indicate that the correlation between the two indicators is stronger (P<0.05)., figureFileSmall=KzOHFcFq93144jKONf2lxA==, figureFileBig=KmGAQgkVCSaLlrR0WWJBmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784603075592626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=CN, label=图9, caption=干旱胁迫下米槁幼苗各项指标的Spearman相关分析。A:未接种哈茨木霉;B:接种哈茨木霉。2个指标的相关系数在-1-1之间,越接近1表示正相关性越强,越接近-1表示负相关性越强,而等于0则代表2个指标之间不存在相关性;*表示显著相关,圆形大小及颜色深浅对应相关系数大小,圆形越大、颜色越深表示2个指标之间的相关性越强(P<0.05)。, figureFileSmall=KzOHFcFq93144jKONf2lxA==, figureFileBig=KmGAQgkVCSaLlrR0WWJBmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784603180450228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effect of inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum on branch, leaf, and root characteristics of Camphora migao seedlings under drought stress

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Treatment

Degree of

drought stress

BranchLeafRoot
Branch numberBranch length (cm)Leaf numberLeaf area (cm2)Average root diameter (mm)Main root length (cm)
NMCK3.60±1.14Ab9.92±2.36Bb23.60±1.14Cb33.87±1.68Bb1.60±0.05Bb38.62±1.31Ba
LD5.00±1.00Aa14.72±1.41Ab30.40±1.14Ab39.65±1.52Aa1.83±0.07Ab45.14±1.64Aa
MD4.00±1.00Aa10.92±1.20Bb27.20±0.84Bb32.92±1.29Bb1.87±0.09Aa39.40±2.72Bb
SD2.20±0.84Bb8.62±1.58Bb21.00±1.00Db17.60±1.86Cb1.63±0.06Bb32.88±1.94Cb
T. harzianumCK5.60±1.14ABa13.72±0.55Ca33.20±1.30Da38.36±1.60Ba1.96±0.12Aa33.26±1.31Cb
LD6.40±1.82Aa16.52±0.76Aa38.00±1.58Aa40.75±2.08Aa1.97±0.10Aa39.64±2.19Bb
MD5.00±1.00ABa14.74±0.67Ba35.40±1.14Ba38.92±1.09ABa1.67±0.07Bb42.92±1.19Aa
SD4.20±0.84Ba11.16±0.72Da31.20±1.48Ca23.85±1.58Ca1.99±0.14Aa38.30±1.45Ba
), ArticleFig(id=1217784603318862268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

干旱胁迫下接种哈茨木霉对米槁幼苗枝、叶和根特征的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Treatment

Degree of

drought stress

BranchLeafRoot
Branch numberBranch length (cm)Leaf numberLeaf area (cm2)Average root diameter (mm)Main root length (cm)
NMCK3.60±1.14Ab9.92±2.36Bb23.60±1.14Cb33.87±1.68Bb1.60±0.05Bb38.62±1.31Ba
LD5.00±1.00Aa14.72±1.41Ab30.40±1.14Ab39.65±1.52Aa1.83±0.07Ab45.14±1.64Aa
MD4.00±1.00Aa10.92±1.20Bb27.20±0.84Bb32.92±1.29Bb1.87±0.09Aa39.40±2.72Bb
SD2.20±0.84Bb8.62±1.58Bb21.00±1.00Db17.60±1.86Cb1.63±0.06Bb32.88±1.94Cb
T. harzianumCK5.60±1.14ABa13.72±0.55Ca33.20±1.30Da38.36±1.60Ba1.96±0.12Aa33.26±1.31Cb
LD6.40±1.82Aa16.52±0.76Aa38.00±1.58Aa40.75±2.08Aa1.97±0.10Aa39.64±2.19Bb
MD5.00±1.00ABa14.74±0.67Ba35.40±1.14Ba38.92±1.09ABa1.67±0.07Bb42.92±1.19Aa
SD4.20±0.84Ba11.16±0.72Da31.20±1.48Ca23.85±1.58Ca1.99±0.14Aa38.30±1.45Ba
), ArticleFig(id=1217784603474051524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum on biomass allocation of Camphora migao seedlings under drought stress

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TreatmentDegree of drought stressWhole plant (g)Leaf biomass proportion (%)Stem biomass proportion (%)Root biomass proportion (%)Stem/leaf ratio (%)Root/shoot ratio (%)
NMCK26.07±0.99Bb44.47±1.48Ba26.98±1.66Aa28.54±0.43Cb60.82±5.58Bb39.95±0.84Cb
LD36.05±0.96Ab39.60±0.81Ca26.02±0.58Ab34.38±0.54Ba65.76±2.60Bb52.40±1.26Ba
MD26.29±0.84Bb49.36±1.25Aa15.25±0.72Bb35.39±1.43Ba30.92±1.67Cb54.84±3.45Ba
SD24.14±1.16Cb35.64±0.65Da26.25±1.29Aa38.11±1.19Ab73.69±4.33Aa61.63±3.09Ab
T. harzianumCK36.30±1.18Ba37.69±1.67Bb27.37±1.06Ba34.94±2.00Ba72.73±4.22Ba53.82±4.65Ba
LD42.12±0.50Aa36.45±1.10Bb29.47±0.46Aa34.08±1.23Ba80.90±2.61Aa51.75±2.84Ba
MD33.43±1.38Ca40.11±0.85Ab28.35±0.80ABa31.54±1.07Cb70.70±2.63Ba46.10±2.30Cb
SD32.27±0.70Ca33.54±2.28Cb24.60±1.34Cb41.86±1.67Aa73.77±8.68Ba72.11±4.85Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1217784603629240780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800730306683391, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

干旱胁迫下接种哈茨木霉对米槁幼苗生物量分配的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TreatmentDegree of drought stressWhole plant (g)Leaf biomass proportion (%)Stem biomass proportion (%)Root biomass proportion (%)Stem/leaf ratio (%)Root/shoot ratio (%)
NMCK26.07±0.99Bb44.47±1.48Ba26.98±1.66Aa28.54±0.43Cb60.82±5.58Bb39.95±0.84Cb
LD36.05±0.96Ab39.60±0.81Ca26.02±0.58Ab34.38±0.54Ba65.76±2.60Bb52.40±1.26Ba
MD26.29±0.84Bb49.36±1.25Aa15.25±0.72Bb35.39±1.43Ba30.92±1.67Cb54.84±3.45Ba
SD24.14±1.16Cb35.64±0.65Da26.25±1.29Aa38.11±1.19Ab73.69±4.33Aa61.63±3.09Ab
T. harzianumCK36.30±1.18Ba37.69±1.67Bb27.37±1.06Ba34.94±2.00Ba72.73±4.22Ba53.82±4.65Ba
LD42.12±0.50Aa36.45±1.10Bb29.47±0.46Aa34.08±1.23Ba80.90±2.61Aa51.75±2.84Ba
MD33.43±1.38Ca40.11±0.85Ab28.35±0.80ABa31.54±1.07Cb70.70±2.63Ba46.10±2.30Cb
SD32.27±0.70Ca33.54±2.28Cb24.60±1.34Cb41.86±1.67Aa73.77±8.68Ba72.11±4.85Aa
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内生真菌哈茨木霉对干旱胁迫下米槁幼苗生长和生理特性的影响
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王倩 1 , 陈敬忠 2 , 廖小锋 3, * , 谢元贵 4 , 张兰 5 , 张曼华 1 , 彭天慧 1
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(12): 5540-5558
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(12): 5540-5558
内生真菌哈茨木霉对干旱胁迫下米槁幼苗生长和生理特性的影响
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王倩1, 陈敬忠2, 廖小锋3, * , 谢元贵4, 张兰5, 张曼华1, 彭天慧1
作者信息
  • 1.贵州大学 林学院,贵州 贵阳
  • 2.贵州中医药大学 药学院,贵州 贵阳
  • 3.贵州省植物园,贵州 贵阳
  • 4.贵州省山地资源研究所,贵州 贵阳
  • 5.贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州 贵阳
The endophytic fungus Trichoderma harzianum affects the growth and physiological characteristics of Camphora migao seedlings under drought stress
Qian WANG1, Jingzhong CHEN2, Xiaofeng LIAO3, * , Yuangui XIE4, Lan ZHANG5, Manhua ZHANG1, Tianhui PENG1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
  • 2.College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
  • 3.Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
  • 4.Guizhou Institute of Mountain Resources, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
  • 5.Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
出版时间: 2025-12-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250423
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目的 探究内生真菌哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum Rifai)对珍稀药用植物米槁[Camphora migao (H. W. Li) Y. Yang, Bing Liu & Zhi Yang]幼苗抵御干旱胁迫的作用机制。 方法 对米槁幼苗进行根际注菌,接种哈茨木霉后采用盆栽称重法模拟不同干旱胁迫进行处理,探究植株生长及生理生化指标的响应情况。 结果 在不同干旱条件下,与未接种菌的对照组相比,接种哈茨木霉显著提高了米槁幼苗的生物量、株高和根系生长等各项生长指标;显著提高了幼苗叶片抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,降低了叶片丙二醛含量,提升了光合色素含量,有效缓解了水分亏缺对幼苗生长发育的胁迫效应。 结论 哈茨木霉通过提高米槁幼苗调节渗透平衡、保持抗氧化系统稳定等应对干旱胁迫的生理能力,进而协助米槁幼苗有效应对干旱逆境。

哈茨木霉  /  米槁  /  干旱胁迫  /  生长发育  /  生理代谢

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which the endophytic fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai help the seedlings of the rare medicinal plant Camphora migao (H. W. Li) Y. Yang, Bing Liu & Zhi Yang to defend against drought stress. Methods We simulated different drought stress gradients using the potted weighing method after inoculation of C. migao seedlings with T. harzianumvia rhizosphere injection and investigated the plant growth, physiological, and biochemical indexes. Results Under different drought conditions, inoculation with T. harzianum significantly increased the growth indexes such as biomass, plant height, and root growth of C. migao seedlings, compared with the uninoculated control group. Furthermore, T. harzianum significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the content of osmotically regulation substances, reduced the malondialdehyde content, and elevated the content of photosynthetic pigments in the seedling leaves, which effectively mitigated the drought stress effects on the growth and development of C. migao seedlings. Conclusion T. harzianum improved the physiological responses of C. migao seedlings to drought stress by regulating osmotic balance and maintaining the stability of antioxidant system.

Trichoderma harzianum  /  Camphora migao  /  drought stress  /  growth and development  /  physiological metabolism
王倩, 陈敬忠, 廖小锋, 谢元贵, 张兰, 张曼华, 彭天慧. 内生真菌哈茨木霉对干旱胁迫下米槁幼苗生长和生理特性的影响. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (12) : 5540 -5558 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250423
Qian WANG, Jingzhong CHEN, Xiaofeng LIAO, Yuangui XIE, Lan ZHANG, Manhua ZHANG, Tianhui PENG. The endophytic fungus Trichoderma harzianum affects the growth and physiological characteristics of Camphora migao seedlings under drought stress[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (12) : 5540 -5558 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250423
全球气候变化所带来的影响是不可忽视的,联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC)指出,目前全球升温比工业化前水平高出约1 ℃,面对全球升温1.5 ℃的可能,该委员会提出了加强和实施全球响应的具体措施[1]。在全球气候变化背景下,我国各地干旱呈增加趋势,南方地区尤为明显,且西北和西南流域的干旱持续时间最长[2]。到20世纪末,温室气体浓度上升将导致亚热带地区普遍干燥,这将增加森林生态系统的干旱压力,加剧全球水资源短缺,威胁可持续森林的自然再生[3-4]。如何寻找有效方式帮助植物提高抗旱能力、度过干旱环境,提升植物利用有限水分的能力,是当前和未来时期的一个重要命题[5-6]
植物与部分真菌之间的共生关系可增强植物的抗旱能力。丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi, AMF)能与植物根系形成稳定的共生关系,其延伸的菌丝可提高植物的水分利用效率。同时,这种关系可调节植物代谢(如抗氧化酶和过氧化物相关代谢),减轻干旱对植物的损害,从而提高植物对干旱胁迫的耐受性。研究表明木霉属(Trichoderma)真菌能够与植物形成良好、稳定的机会型无毒共生体,促进植物根系生长发育、吸收养分,并提高植物对非生物胁迫的抗性等[7]。此外,木霉属在生物防治方面也发挥着重要作用[8-9]
米槁[Camphora migao (H. W. Li) Y. Yang, Bing Liu & Zhi Yang]是樟科(Lauraceae)樟属(Camphora Fabr.)常绿乔木,其果实挥发油含有多种活性成分[10-11],在治疗胃肠道疾病和心脑血管疾病方面疗效确切[12-13]。米槁仅分布于我国西南三省交界的干热河谷区域,初春3-4月常经历较长时间的干旱。然而3-4月正是育苗的关键时期,且西南地区该时期处于中度干旱状态,根据预测未来该地区的干旱情况还将持续加剧[14]。米槁作为木本植物,受本身生境影响自然条件下发芽率极低,野生种群更新状况极为不良[15]。课题组前期已从米槁根内分离得到10余种木霉真菌,将其中哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum Rifai)回接至米槁幼苗后发现其在促进米槁生长发育方面表现突出。哈茨木霉是肉座菌科(Hypocreaceae)木霉属(Trichoderma)真菌,研究表明接种哈茨木霉对促进植物逆境生存适应效果显著,可促进植物的生长和生理响应,但目前对于哈茨木霉在抵御干旱逆境中能否通过协同调控生长与生理指标以提升植株抗旱性尚不清楚[16-17]。在干旱胁迫下,米槁幼苗早期生存会受到严重威胁,而接种哈茨木霉是否能够调节幼苗生长和生理特性,提高其抗旱能力,进而提升米槁幼苗在不同程度干旱胁迫下的适应性,是一个值得探讨的问题。
本研究对米槁幼苗回接哈茨木霉后,验证其在干旱胁迫下的生长及生理响应过程,探究干旱胁迫下接种哈茨木霉后米槁幼苗的应对机制,以期为培育抗旱性米槁幼苗提供理论基础与技术支持。
选择粒径大小一致的米槁种子,使用0.2%高锰酸钾(KMnO4)浸泡消毒30 min,随后用蒸馏水冲洗。将米槁种子置于混合了河沙和木屑(经105 ℃灭菌2 h)的育苗盘中,再把育苗盘放入25 ℃的恒温箱进行萌发培育,静待米槁种子发芽。种子发芽20 d后将其移出恒温箱进行种植。哈茨木霉菌分离自米槁根际与根内。试验的栽培基质为森林土,经晒干处理后过10目筛,再将森林土和有机质按照4:1的比例混合均匀,最后在265-266 nm波长处进行辐射灭菌。栽培容器选用上盆口外径20.5 cm、底部外径14.5 cm、高17 cm的塑料花盆,用0.1%高锰酸钾(KMnO4)浸泡消毒30 min,再用蒸馏水冲洗干净后晾干。
在米槁幼苗接种哈茨木霉并稳定生长90 d后进行干旱胁迫处理。该试验为双因素试验(接种状态×干旱胁迫程度),共设置8个处理(2×4)。接种方式采用根际注菌,用10 mL移液枪吸取哈茨木霉菌液进行接种处理,每周接种1次,每次15 mL,共接种3次,累计接种量45 mL。通过染色镜检法观察菌株的侵染情况,在10×10倍显微镜下观察发现,此时哈茨木霉的侵染率达到74.6% (图1)。对未接种哈茨木霉(no microorganisms, NM)和接种哈茨木霉的米槁幼苗采用人工控水模拟干旱胁迫,分别设置土壤含水量为轻度干旱胁迫(light drought stress, LD)、中度干旱胁迫(moderate drought stress, MD)、重度干旱胁迫(severe drought stress, SD)。以无干旱胁迫的土壤含水量作为对照组(CK)。干旱胁迫试验前采用环刀法测定土壤最大田间持水量,结果为21.7%。干旱胁迫处理期间每天18:00通过盆栽称重法控制土壤含水量。基于田间持水量(21.7%)设置各处理土壤含水量百分比,对照组(CK)土壤含水量保持在最大田间持水量的(80±5)%,轻度干旱胁迫(LD)为(60±5)%,中度干旱胁迫(MD)为(45±5)%,重度干旱胁迫(SD)为(25±5)%。每个处理选取5株幼苗,并设置3个重复,干旱胁迫处理时间持续约30 d。
干旱胁迫处理约30 d后,从每个处理中随机选取5株幼苗,记录枝数、叶片数,用卷尺(精度0.01 cm)测量米槁幼苗的株高、冠幅和枝长,用游标卡尺(精度0.02 mm)测量地径。将米槁幼苗从盆中取出,测量主根长,用根系扫描仪测得根平均直径。此外,将米槁幼苗完整地分离为根、茎和叶,然后在60 ℃下烘干至恒重,分别测量得到根、茎和叶的生物量。光合色素含量测定时,使用80%丙酮和无水乙醇按1:1.5的比例混合溶液提取色素,通过分光光度计测量吸光度,并分别计算得到叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素的含量。
脯氨酸(proline, Pro)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)与过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)活性均使用可见分光光度法测定。超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性和丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量分别使用黄嘌呤氧化酶法、硫代巴比妥酸法(thiobarbital acid, TVA)测定。此外,可溶性糖(soluble sugar, SS)和可溶性蛋白质(soluble protein, SP)含量的测定使用蒽酮比色法和考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法[18-19]
叶片相对含水量(relative water content, RWC)的计算如公式(1)所示。
RWC=(FW-DW)/(SFW-DW)×100%
式中:FW为鲜重,DW为干重,SFW为叶片饱和鲜重。
使用SPSS (v.27.0)对不同指标进行组间差异检验、Z-score标准化和Spearman相关性分析[20]。所有数据可视化均使用Origin软件。
未接种菌的米槁幼苗生长状况一致,接种哈茨木霉的米槁幼苗相较于未接种菌的生长状况更为良好,其叶片数目增多、叶面积增大,根的直径增粗、根系更发达(图2)。此外,接种哈茨木霉的米槁幼苗株高、地径和冠幅分别显著提高了46.6%、9.4%和17.3% (P<0.05),根、茎和叶的生物量分别显著提高了70.6%、41.3%和17.9% (P<0.05)。对米槁幼苗进行处理后发现,随着干旱胁迫程度的增强未接种和接种哈茨木霉的米槁幼苗株高、地径和冠幅均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,不同处理之间指标差异显著(P<0.05)。除中度干旱胁迫条件下的冠幅外,接种哈茨木霉的米槁幼苗株高和地径都显著高于未接种组(P<0.05)。轻度干旱胁迫条件下接种哈茨木霉的米槁幼苗株高、地径和冠幅生长最佳;值得注意的是,未接种菌的米槁幼苗在轻度干旱条件下生长也得到促进;在重度干旱胁迫条件下无论接种或未接种菌的米槁幼苗这3项指标相较于对照组均受到显著抑制(P<0.05),但接种哈茨木霉使重度干旱胁迫下的米槁幼苗株高显著高于未接种菌的对照组(P<0.05) (图3)。
不同干旱胁迫程度下接种哈茨木霉对米槁幼苗的枝、叶和根特征产生了影响。米槁幼苗的枝数在接种哈茨木霉后显著增多(P<0.05),不同干旱胁迫条件下对米槁幼苗枝数的影响不显著,而在重度干旱胁迫时米槁幼苗的枝数受到显著抑制(P<0.05)。米槁幼苗的枝长、叶片数和叶面积随着干旱胁迫程度的增加先升高后降低,在轻度干旱胁迫时达到最大值。接种哈茨木霉的米槁幼苗枝长和叶片数分别显著提高了12.2%和25.0% (P<0.05),叶面积变化不显著。除中度干旱胁迫外,接种哈茨木霉对米槁幼苗根平均直径的生长具有显著的促进作用(P<0.05)。干旱胁迫程度不同,米槁幼苗的主根长先升高后降低,在中度和重度干旱胁迫时接种哈茨木霉的米槁幼苗主根长显著高于未接种菌的米槁幼苗(P<0.05) (表1)。
不同环境条件会影响米槁幼苗的生物量及生物量的分配情况。在不同干旱胁迫条件下米槁幼苗的生物量先升高后降低。在轻度干旱胁迫时米槁幼苗生物量均达到最大值,且接种哈茨木霉的米槁幼苗生物量均显著高于未接种菌的米槁幼苗(P<0.05)。在重度干旱胁迫时,米槁幼苗生物量相较于对照组受到显著抑制(P<0.05) (图4)。叶生物量比先升高后降低,在中度干旱胁迫时占比最大,在重度干旱胁迫时受抑制最显著(P<0.05)。未接种菌的米槁幼苗茎生物量比总体差异不显著;接种哈茨木霉的米槁幼苗除重度干旱胁迫时外,其茎生物量比均显著大于未接种菌的(P<0.05)。随着干旱胁迫程度的变化,根生物量比、茎叶比和根冠比总体均呈现上升趋势。除接种哈茨木霉的米槁幼苗的茎叶比外,其余指标均在重度干旱胁迫时达到最大值,且接种哈茨木霉时这3项指标显著大于未接种菌的幼苗(P<0.05) (表2)。
随着干旱胁迫程度的增强,未接种菌的米槁幼苗的叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量均呈现显著下降趋势(P<0.05)。此外,虽然接种哈茨木霉的米槁幼苗叶绿素含量总体呈降低趋势,但接种哈茨木霉的米槁幼苗叶绿素含量显著高于未接种菌的米槁幼苗(P<0.05),且在不同干旱胁迫处理下分别提升34.1%、79.8%、106.2%、139.2%。米槁幼苗的类胡萝卜素含量先升高后降低,在中度干旱胁迫时未接种和接种哈茨木霉的米槁幼苗的类胡萝卜素含量均达到最大值,此时未接种菌的米槁幼苗类胡萝卜素含量显著大于接种哈茨木霉的米槁幼苗(P<0.05)。米槁幼苗的叶绿素a/b受干旱胁迫影响总体差异性不大,但接种哈茨木霉会使对照组以及中度干旱胁迫条件下的叶绿素a/b值变大(图5)。
干旱胁迫条件下接种哈茨木霉会对米槁幼苗中可溶性糖(soluble sugar, SS)、可溶性蛋白质(soluble protein, SP)、脯氨酸(proline, Pro)和相对含水量(relative water content, RWC)产生影响。随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,米槁幼苗中各项指标的含量先上升后降低。其中,SS、SP和Pro含量均在中度干旱胁迫时达到最大值,而幼苗中的RWC在轻度干旱胁迫时最高。接种哈茨木霉的米槁幼苗在轻度和中度胁迫时3种渗透调节物质的含量均显著高于未接种菌的米槁幼苗(P<0.05),且在中度干旱胁迫时接种哈茨木霉使SS、SP和Pro含量分别提高了49.3%、132.5%和80.7% (图6)。米槁幼苗在面对干旱胁迫时渗透调节物质的变化也是其生理应对环境改变、提高对干旱胁迫环境适应能力的重要反应指标。
无论接种或未接种哈茨木霉,米槁幼苗中各种抗氧化酶的活性总体呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且在中度干旱胁迫时达到最大值。相较于未接种菌的米槁幼苗,接种哈茨木霉使幼苗的过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)的活性分别提高了91.5%、94.9%和21.6% (P<0.05)。米槁幼苗中的丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量会随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧而上升,接种哈茨木霉会使米槁幼苗中的MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),不同干旱胁迫条件下分别降低30.8%、44.9%、27.7%和20.4% (图7)。接种哈茨木霉后米槁幼苗中抗氧化酶活性在不同干旱胁迫条件下均得到提升,缓解了活性氧引发的膜脂过氧化,从而降低了MDA的含量。
对米槁幼苗的生长、生理指标进行Z-score标准化预处理,然后加入环境变量(即接种状态和干旱胁迫程度)后进行冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)处理以探究生长、生理指标分别与这2个环境变量的相互关系。通过RDA分析米槁幼苗7项生长指标与干旱胁迫程度、接种状态的关系显示,横轴为第1序轴(贡献率92.14%),纵轴为第2序轴(贡献率7.86%)。其中,米槁幼苗的RWC、地径、叶绿素、冠幅、生物量、株高均与干旱胁迫程度、接种状态呈不同程度的正相关,且RWC与干旱胁迫程度、株高与接种状态的正相关性较强(P<0.05);仅类胡萝卜素与两者呈负相关(P<0.05) (图8A)。对7项生理指标的RDA分析显示,横轴为第1序轴(贡献率77.98%),纵轴为第2序轴(贡献率22.02%)。MDA、Pro、SS、SOD、CAT、SP、POD与干旱胁迫程度呈负相关,其中MDA的负相关性较强(P<0.05)。Pro、SS、SOD、CAT、SP、POD与接种状态呈正相关,以POD的正相关性最强;MDA与接种状态则呈较弱负相关(P<0.05) (图8B)。总的来说,干旱胁迫程度和接种状态对米槁幼苗的生长和生理特性的影响强度相近。
使用Spearman相关分析来分析米槁幼苗各项生长、生理指标之间的相关关系。米槁幼苗的生长指标,如株高、地径、冠幅、生物量和RWC指标之间显著正相关(P<0.05)。株高、冠幅、生物量与SP显著负相关(P<0.05),并且生物量还与MDA、Pro显著负相关(P<0.05),但是株高、冠幅与类胡萝卜素、CAT显著正相关(P<0.05)。米槁幼苗生理相关的指标,如MDA、POD、SOD和Pro指标之间显著正相关(P<0.05),MDA、POD、Pro与RWC显著负相关(P<0.05)。此外,其他生理指标之间的相关关系为:CAT与SOD显著正相关(P<0.05),CAT、SS与SP显著负相关(P<0.05) (图9A)。米槁幼苗接种哈茨木霉对各项指标间的相关关系产生了一定影响,此时地径与SS、SP显著正相关(P<0.05),而与CAT的关系则从正相关转为显著负相关(P<0.05)。冠幅与SP的相关关系由显著负相关转变为显著正相关(P<0.05)。生物量与MDA、CAT、POD、SOD、Pro均呈负相关(P<0.05),而它与SS的负相关性减弱。此外,类胡萝卜素与SS、SP呈显著正相关(P<0.05),MDA与CAT之间的正相关性增强,而CAT、POD、SOD、SS、SP和Pro指标之间显著正相关(P<0.05) (图9B)。
哈茨木霉能够促进植物生长,尤其是通过根-内生真菌联合作用刺激植物产生生理响应,提高植物的抗旱性[21]。当植物遭受轻度或中度干旱胁迫时通常会启动干旱回避机制(drought avoidance, DA)调节形态结构,如促进根系发育或调整生长速率,从而提高水分吸收利用效率,维持植物体内的水分平衡[22-23]。本研究结果显示,接种哈茨木霉对米槁幼苗在不同干旱胁迫下的生长特征具有积极影响,可显著促进幼苗的株高、冠幅、地径以及各构件(根、茎、叶)的生长,增强其对环境的适应能力。接种哈茨木霉使米槁幼苗的根系伸长、枝条分蘖能力增强,类似现象在辣椒中也有报道[24]。此外,接种哈茨木霉可使辣椒和水培生菜的叶片数增多,根、茎、叶的干物质积累量相较于未接种的显著升高[24-25]。干旱胁迫会导致植物体内干物质在根、茎中的分布比例增加以维持根系和茎的功能稳定性,适应缺水环境[26]。接种哈茨木霉使米槁幼苗将更多的干物质从叶片分配至茎和根。也有相关研究表明,黄瓜接种哈茨木霉后根冠比与对照组差异不显著,这可能与草本植物和木本植物的生长特性及根系发育模式的差异有关[27]
哈茨木霉菌菌丝能够与植物根系良好拟合,即使在养分水平较低的情况下也能有效吸收养分,还可增加光合色素含量提高植物的光合作用能力,促进植物生长发育[28-29]。此外,光合色素虽不属于典型的生长指标,但作为光合作用的关键因素对植物的生长发育具有至关重要的影响。接种哈茨木霉可使米槁幼苗在轻度和中度干旱胁迫下的叶绿素含量维持在较高水平。一般来说,幼苗叶绿素含量越高说明叶片的光合作用能力越强,同时叶绿素对植物的光合作用和抗逆性也至关重要[30-31]。菠菜和烟草在接种哈茨木霉后进行胁迫处理也得到了相似的研究结果[16,32]。然而,番茄接种哈茨木霉后叶绿素含量却降低,这可能与其接种哈茨木霉后氮含量下降有关[33]。类胡萝卜素可辅助光能吸收,是一种非酶促抗氧化剂,具有抗氧化活性,能以非酶促的方式中和过量的活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)维持细胞稳定[34]。在轻度干旱和中度干旱胁迫下米槁幼苗的类胡萝卜素含量升高,而接种哈茨木霉后米槁幼苗中的类胡萝卜素含量显著降低。这可能是接种哈茨木霉改变了米槁幼苗体内的代谢分配,在干旱条件下使叶绿素优先合成。抗氧化酶活性的提高降低了米槁幼苗对类胡萝卜素抗氧化功能的依赖,类胡萝卜素含量降低是菌根苗在新的生理状态下的适应性反应。
当发生重度干旱时植物通常会启动干旱耐受机制(drought tolerance, DT),即调节基因和代谢途径,减少或修复干旱胁迫带来的损害[22-23]。在极端条件下,植物体内ROS的动态平衡被打破,过量产生的ROS具有毒性会导致细胞程序性死亡,而酶促和非酶促抗氧化剂可抵消过量的ROS,植物在干旱胁迫下具有相似的响应机制[35-36]。研究表明接种哈茨木霉能够通过调节一些渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶来增强植物的抗氧化能力,平衡过量产生的ROS[37-38]。在干旱发生时植物通过增加渗透调节物质的含量提高细胞渗透压,维持叶片正常生长所需的膨压及气孔导度,保证光合作用和蒸腾作用顺利进行,从而增强其抗旱能力[39-40]。脯氨酸是一种抗氧化防御分子,其积累可清除过量的ROS,保护酶、蛋白质以及质膜[41-42]。接种哈茨木霉有利于米槁幼苗应对轻度和中度干旱胁迫,使渗透调节物质SS、SP、Pro的含量显著提高。在面对其他胁迫时植物也会出现与干旱胁迫类似的生理响应,接种哈茨木霉能够提高其渗透调节物质含量[16,38,43]
接种哈茨木霉有助于米槁幼苗在干旱胁迫下调整生理特性,尤其是提高幼苗在中度和重度干旱胁迫时的抗氧化能力,提高CAT、POD、SOD的活性,降低MDA的含量(P<0.05)。同时,接种哈茨木霉能更好地维持米槁幼苗的RWC,这与烟草的研究结果一致[32]。接种哈茨木霉可增强植物的抗氧化酶活性,减少植物组织中MDA的积累,从而减轻过氧化作用对植物细胞膜的损伤,提高植物的抗旱性[43-44]。此外,接种哈茨木霉还能诱导植物相关抗性基因的表达,平衡生长与防御,调节生理代谢,使植物更好地应对环境变化[45-46]。哈茨木霉通过影响植物的营养吸收、激素平衡、光合作用等使植物的生长和生理指标联系更加紧密[43,47]。从米槁幼苗各项指标的Spearman相关关系可以看出,菌根苗在干旱胁迫条件下的抗旱能力得到了综合提升。通过RDA探究环境因素对米槁幼苗生长和生理指标的影响,进一步证明接种哈茨木霉可以有效增强米槁幼苗在干旱逆境下的抗旱能力。
哈茨木霉能与植物根系紧密结合,在根系表面或内部定殖,增强植物根系的吸收能力,帮助植物更好地摄取土壤中的水分和养分,促进植物在胁迫环境中的生长和发育[27]。在科学研究中,通常通过观察根系是否存在真菌的特征结构(如孢子、菌丝等)来确认真菌侵染及共生关系的建立[48-49]。对接种哈茨木霉后米槁幼苗的根系进行染色镜检,结果显示其根部皮层及维管组织中存在大量泡囊和菌丝体,这些结构通过一个或多个侵入点定殖于根部皮层组织,表明哈茨木霉已与米槁幼苗形成共生关系(图1)。哈茨木霉在米槁幼苗根部的成功定殖可通过扩大营养吸收界面、调控物质分配等途径促进米槁幼苗生长和抗逆性提升,这与前文关于接种哈茨木霉对其生长及生理指标的影响结论相吻合。此外,哈茨木霉与植物共生主要通过信号传导、生理生化变化及防御物质合成等方式调节植物的生长和生理特性,提高其抗逆性。在分子层面,哈茨木霉通过多通路信号传导,如乙烯(ethylenimine, ET)/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK)/茉莉酸(jasmonic acid, JA)/水杨酸(salicylic acid, SA),调控植物防御基因与代谢网络,同时通过直接抑菌与间接重塑根际微生态形成协同防御体系[46,50]。一方面,其通过提高分泌几丁质酶、β-葡聚糖酶、挥发性化合物(volatile organic compounds, VOC)等抑菌代谢物、菌丝接触寄生(真菌寄生行为)及种间资源竞争,直接抑制病原真菌[51-53];另一方面,通过提升有益微生物相对丰度并调控根际微生物群落多样性,间接降低根腐病、茎腐病等土传病害的发生率[44,54]。此外,哈茨木霉还可激活植物对植食性动物的直接防御机制[55]
哈茨木霉在农业生物防治与生态修复等领域展现出广泛的研究潜力与应用价值[56]。哈茨木霉可产生萜类、聚酮类、肽类等多种次级代谢产物,具有抗菌、抗真菌、抗癌等广泛生物活性,对Phellinus noxius等木腐真菌具有广谱防治作用[57-58]。基于哈茨木霉在植物根系双重定殖的特性,生物菌剂(如拌种、灌根)可实现根表抑菌和根系内生促生[59-60]。此外,哈茨木霉与有益微生物或有机物复配的新型生物肥料能通过互作效应改良土壤微生态,定向提升肥效与抗逆协同作用[61-62]。哈茨木霉124D可湿性粉剂对哺乳动物无致病性,其无毒无残留的特性使其在绿色生物农药研发以及田间应用中具有广阔前景[63-64]。在工业和医药领域,底物ALKCS诱导哈茨木霉产生的木质纤维素酶与商业酶复配可在工业中实现农业废弃物中纤维素和木糖的高效转化[65-66];从哈茨木霉中分离的高活性l-蛋氨酸酶,其纯化酶具有优异的抗癌活性和稳定性,为天然来源抗癌药物的开发提供了重要依据[67]。在制剂技术与生态修复方面,哈茨木霉微胶囊化处理可延长菌剂货架期,保证其在复杂环境中的存活率及药效稳定性[68];其吸附重金属锰及降解氰化物的效果显著,可为生态脆弱区植被恢复及土壤重金属污染治理提供新思路[69-70]
通过米槁幼苗接种哈茨木霉的试验证实,在干旱条件下哈茨木霉能够与米槁幼苗形成良好的共生关系,促进幼苗生长发育,增强水分吸收能力,提高多种抗氧化酶活性,降低MDA含量,同时促使细胞积累渗透调节物质,缓解干旱逆境对幼苗造成的损害。在轻度干旱胁迫时,米槁幼苗主要通过调节生长特性提高抗旱性;而在中度和重度干旱胁迫时米槁幼苗的生长和生理协同发挥作用,缓解干旱胁迫带来的影响。最后,干旱条件下接种哈茨木霉能够促进米槁幼苗养分吸收、维持抗氧化系统稳定以及调节渗透平衡,协助幼苗应对干旱胁迫,有效提高米槁幼苗的抗旱性。之前的研究多集中在接种哈茨木霉对草本植物的影响,本研究表明哈茨木霉与米槁幼苗根系共生对生长和生理的协同促进作用更显著,综合提升了米槁幼苗在干旱胁迫下的应对能力。同时,本研究也加深了对米槁幼苗抗旱机制的认识,对在胁迫环境下林木接种哈茨木霉提高抗逆性具有一定参考价值。然而,这些表型变化背后的分子机制尚不明晰,哈茨木霉调控米槁抗逆性的信号通路(如ET/MAPK/JA/SA)及代谢网络如何响应仍需进一步探究。
王倩:参与研究构思设计、执行实验研究、数据收集处理、论文撰写修改;陈敬忠:研究构思设计、监督研究过程、论文撰写修改;廖小锋:研究构思设计、监督研究过程、指导论文撰写修改;谢元贵:提供技术支持、参与指导论文撰写修改;张兰:参与执行实验研究、数据收集处理;张曼华:参与论文撰写讨论;彭天慧:参与论文撰写讨论。
作者声明不存在任何可能会影响本文所报告工作的已知经济利益或个人关系。
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2025年第65卷第12期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250423
  • 接收时间:2025-06-02
  • 首发时间:2025-12-08
  • 出版时间:2025-12-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-02
  • 录用日期:2025-07-17
基金
the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Support Program(QKHZC[2023]YB049)
the Natural Science Research Project of the Education Department of Guizhou Province (Young Science and Technology Talent Development Program)(QJJ[2024]121)
the General Project of Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program (QKHJC-ZK[2025]MS176), and the Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Provincial Forestry Bureau(QLKH[2025]03)
作者信息
    1.贵州大学 林学院,贵州 贵阳
    2.贵州中医药大学 药学院,贵州 贵阳
    3.贵州省植物园,贵州 贵阳
    4.贵州省山地资源研究所,贵州 贵阳
    5.贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州 贵阳

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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