Article(id=1204800729329415119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1204800727341310425, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250432, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1748966400000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1752163200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-11, onlineDate=1765176477986, onlineDateStr=2025-12-08, pubDate=1764777600000, pubDateStr=2025-12-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765176477986, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765176477986, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765176477986, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1204800727341310425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='12', pageStart='5191', pageEnd='5649', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765176477513, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765176611928, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1204801291189986067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1204800727341310425, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1204801291189986068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1204800727341310425, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5559, endPage=5572, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1204800729618822098, articleId=1204800729329415119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Screening of lactic acid bacteria with lipolytic activity and analysis of its biological characteristics, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with the ability to degrade milk fat, providing a theoretical foundation and technical support for dairy fermentation process optimization and probiotic development. Methods Primary screening employed media with butter as the main carbon source, followed by secondary screening using media with butter as the sole carbon source. The target strains were validated via carbon-free media. The selected strains underwent chromogenic assays for lipase characterization. Fermentation properties were assessed through viable count, acidity, acid value, and free fatty acid measurements. Probiotic potential was evaluated via acid/bile salt tolerance and cholesterol reduction assays. Results Through primary screening, secondary screening, and validation, ten strains with the ability to degrade milk fat were selected. Among them, a strain with faster growth than the others was identified as Lactobacillus delbrueckii grx601 through morphological and molecular biological characterization. This strain exhibited high lipase activity during logarithmic and stationary phases, with intracellular and extracellular enzyme activities of 14.14 U/mL and 11.45 U/mL, respectively. Enzymatic characterization showed that the optimal substrate for intracellular and extracellular lipases was p-nitrophenol palmitate, with the optimal reaction conditions of pH 7.0 and 40 ℃. The relative activity remained above 50% at 5% NaCl, which indicated certain salt tolerance. The fermentation characteristic experiment showed that L. delbrueckii grx601 significantly increased the acidity, acidity value, and free fatty acid content during the fermentation process. Moreover, the survival rates of L. delbrueckii grx601 in artificial simulated solutions with pH 3.0 and 0.30% bile salt were 83.87% and 47.70%, respectively, which indicated acid/bile salt tolerance of the strain. In addition, the cholesterol degradation rate of the strain was 7.95%. Conclusion L. delbrueckii grx601 was successfully isolated and characterized as a potent milk fat-degrading strain. Its high intra/extracellular lipase activity, favorable enzymatic properties, robust fermentation performance, and probiotic attributes (acid/bile salt tolerance, cholesterol reduction) indicate significant potential for dairy fermentation and probiotic applications.

, correspAuthors=Chengran GUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 筛选具有降解乳脂肪能力的乳酸菌,为乳制品发酵工艺优化和益生菌开发提供理论基础与技术支持。 方法 采用以黄油为主要碳源的培养基进行初筛,以黄油为唯一碳源的培养基进行复筛,并利用无碳源培养基开展验证实验以筛选目的菌株。使用显色法测定菌株的脂肪酶特性,根据活菌数、酸度、酸价及游离脂肪酸含量等指标测定其发酵黄油特性,最后通过耐酸耐胆盐实验和降低胆固醇实验明确菌株的益生特性。 结果 经初筛、复筛及验证,筛选出10株具有降解乳脂肪能力的菌株。选取其中长势较好的一株,通过形态学观察和分子生物学鉴定,确定该菌株为德氏乳杆菌,并将其命名为德氏乳杆菌grx601。该菌株在对数期和稳定期表现出较高的脂肪酶活性,胞内、胞外酶活分别为14.14 U/mL和11.45 U/mL。酶学特性分析表明,胞内、外脂肪酶的最适反应底物为对硝基苯酚棕榈酸酯,最适反应pH为7.0,最适反应温度为40 ℃,在盐浓度为5%时酶活仍保持在50%以上,具有一定的耐盐能力。发酵特性实验显示,德氏乳杆菌grx601在发酵过程中能显著提高样品的酸度和酸价,增加游离脂肪酸的含量。益生特性分析表明,菌株在pH 3.0和0.30%胆盐浓度的人工模拟液中存活率分别为83.87%和47.70%,具有良好的耐酸耐胆盐特性;菌株的胆固醇降解率为7.95%。 结论 本研究成功筛选并鉴定了一株具有显著降解乳脂肪能力的乳酸菌——德氏乳杆菌grx601。该菌株具有较高的胞内外脂肪酶活性、优良的酶学特性及发酵特性,同时具备良好的益生特性,如耐酸性、耐胆盐性和降胆固醇能力,表明其在乳制品发酵和益生菌开发领域具有重要的应用潜力。

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Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05)., figureFileSmall=6xK6Ty7DTcSrXVKm9vdoUg==, figureFileBig=GGe6vByV9hxrp28vvTlvtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784600869392802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800729329415119, language=CN, label=图2, caption=脂肪酶对不同底物的活性, figureFileSmall=6xK6Ty7DTcSrXVKm9vdoUg==, figureFileBig=GGe6vByV9hxrp28vvTlvtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601032970667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800729329415119, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Optimal reaction temperature (A) and pH (B) of lipase. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05)., figureFileSmall=y4kwTpFL3CHIKZgySqLj1Q==, figureFileBig=YxAqm0SBlvi/sCyTo5AL3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601142022576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800729329415119, language=CN, label=图3, caption=脂肪酶的最适反应温度(A)pH (B), figureFileSmall=y4kwTpFL3CHIKZgySqLj1Q==, figureFileBig=YxAqm0SBlvi/sCyTo5AL3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601280434619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800729329415119, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Lipase activity at different NaCl concentrations. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05)., figureFileSmall=DXOUTQZ1FCeUj+LxknZ2pw==, figureFileBig=I9qbfYhAORb9VCPboYx1nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601402069441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800729329415119, language=CN, label=图4, caption=脂肪酶在不同NaCl浓度下的酶活, figureFileSmall=DXOUTQZ1FCeUj+LxknZ2pw==, figureFileBig=I9qbfYhAORb9VCPboYx1nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601519509961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800729329415119, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Viable bacteria counts and acidity., figureFileSmall=u+i8WBsI8K0BoMF/K2PNHw==, figureFileBig=wKrxjLNfULgWejkw3bVBLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601611784655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800729329415119, language=CN, label=图5, caption=活菌数和酸度, figureFileSmall=u+i8WBsI8K0BoMF/K2PNHw==, figureFileBig=wKrxjLNfULgWejkw3bVBLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601704059349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800729329415119, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Acid value of fermentation broth of Lactobacillus delbrueckii grx601., figureFileSmall=bIz1BU2hz8+EDdO5t060Fg==, figureFileBig=wgGl87K7+H9iFc1Wf73PzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601804722651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800729329415119, language=CN, label=图6, caption=菌株发酵液的酸价, figureFileSmall=bIz1BU2hz8+EDdO5t060Fg==, figureFileBig=wgGl87K7+H9iFc1Wf73PzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601913774563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800729329415119, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Drawing of standard curves

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ReagentStandard solution of p-nitrophenol
12345678910
P-nitrophenol (μL)0.02.55.07.510.015.020.025.030.040.0
Substrate buffer (μL)400.0397.5395.0392.5390.0385.0380.0375.0370.0360.0
Treat in a 40 ℃ water bath for 15 min
0.5 mol/L trichloroacetic acid (μL)400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0
0.5 mol/L sodium carbonate (μL)400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0
Centrifuge at 12 000 r/min for 1 min
), ArticleFig(id=1217784602018632169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800729329415119, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

标准曲线的绘制

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ReagentStandard solution of p-nitrophenol
12345678910
P-nitrophenol (μL)0.02.55.07.510.015.020.025.030.040.0
Substrate buffer (μL)400.0397.5395.0392.5390.0385.0380.0375.0370.0360.0
Treat in a 40 ℃ water bath for 15 min
0.5 mol/L trichloroacetic acid (μL)400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0
0.5 mol/L sodium carbonate (μL)400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0400.0
Centrifuge at 12 000 r/min for 1 min
), ArticleFig(id=1217784602081546736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800729329415119, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Preparation of cholesterol standard curve

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Reagent1234567
Cholesterol standard solution (mL)0.00.10.20.30.40.50.6
Anhydrous ethanol (mL)2.01.91.81.71.61.51.4
), ArticleFig(id=1217784602173821431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800729329415119, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

胆固醇标准曲线的绘制

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Reagent1234567
Cholesterol standard solution (mL)0.00.10.20.30.40.50.6
Anhydrous ethanol (mL)2.01.91.81.71.61.51.4
), ArticleFig(id=1217784602274484734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800729329415119, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Screening results of lactic acid bacteria capable of degrading milk fat

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Strain numberColony morphology and countGram staining and microscopic examination
Primary screeningSecondary screeningVerification
1Many, milky white, largeFew, milky white, larger-Purple rod
3More, milky white, smallFew, milky white, smaller-Purple globular
9More, milky white, smallerFew, milky white, small-Purple globular
13Few, milky white, small--Purple globular
15More, milky white, small--Purple globular
18Few, milky white, smaller--Purple globular
21Many, milky white, smallMore, milky white, smaller-Purple globular
22Few, milky white, smallerFew, milky white, small-Purple globular
23Many, milky white, smallMany, milky white, small-Purple globular
25Many, milky white, smallMany, milky white, small-Purple globular
32More, milky white, smallFew, milky white, small-Purple globular
33Many, milky white, smallFew, milky white, small-Purple globular
39More, milky white, smallMore, milky white, smaller-Purple globular
42Few, milky white, smaller--Purple globular
45Few, milky white, small--Purple globular
46Fewer, milky white, smaller--Purple globular
47More, milky white, small--Purple globular
51Many, milky white, smaller--Purple globular
52Fewer, milky white, smaller--Purple globular
54More, milky white, small--Purple globular
55Fewer, milky white, small--Purple globular
61Fewer, milky white, small--Purple globular
65Fewer, milky white, smaller--Purple globular
), ArticleFig(id=1217784602412896772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800729329415119, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

降解乳脂肪菌株的筛选结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Strain numberColony morphology and countGram staining and microscopic examination
Primary screeningSecondary screeningVerification
1Many, milky white, largeFew, milky white, larger-Purple rod
3More, milky white, smallFew, milky white, smaller-Purple globular
9More, milky white, smallerFew, milky white, small-Purple globular
13Few, milky white, small--Purple globular
15More, milky white, small--Purple globular
18Few, milky white, smaller--Purple globular
21Many, milky white, smallMore, milky white, smaller-Purple globular
22Few, milky white, smallerFew, milky white, small-Purple globular
23Many, milky white, smallMany, milky white, small-Purple globular
25Many, milky white, smallMany, milky white, small-Purple globular
32More, milky white, smallFew, milky white, small-Purple globular
33Many, milky white, smallFew, milky white, small-Purple globular
39More, milky white, smallMore, milky white, smaller-Purple globular
42Few, milky white, smaller--Purple globular
45Few, milky white, small--Purple globular
46Fewer, milky white, smaller--Purple globular
47More, milky white, small--Purple globular
51Many, milky white, smaller--Purple globular
52Fewer, milky white, smaller--Purple globular
54More, milky white, small--Purple globular
55Fewer, milky white, small--Purple globular
61Fewer, milky white, small--Purple globular
65Fewer, milky white, smaller--Purple globular
), ArticleFig(id=1217784602551308811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800729329415119, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Strain identification

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Strain numberLactic acid bacteria
1Lactobacillus delbrueckii
3Lactococcus lactis
9Lactococcus lactis
21Enterococcus faecalis
22Enterococcus faecalis
23Lactococcus lactis
25Enterococcus faecalis
32Enterococcus faecalis
33Lactococcus lactis
39Enterococcus faecalis
), ArticleFig(id=1217784602689720847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800729329415119, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

菌株鉴定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Strain numberLactic acid bacteria
1Lactobacillus delbrueckii
3Lactococcus lactis
9Lactococcus lactis
21Enterococcus faecalis
22Enterococcus faecalis
23Lactococcus lactis
25Enterococcus faecalis
32Enterococcus faecalis
33Lactococcus lactis
39Enterococcus faecalis
), ArticleFig(id=1217784602819744282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800729329415119, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Composition and content of free fatty acids in samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Free fatty acidContent (%)
ControlLactobacillus delbrueckii grx601
Medium-chain fatty acidCapric acid C10:00.21±0.01b0.26±0.01a
Lauric acid C12:01.31±0.01b1.58±0.06a
Myristic acid C14:06.89±0.15b8.32±0.20a
Myristoleic acid C14:1--
Pentadecanoic acid C15:00.66±015b0.80±0.03a
Long-chain fatty acidPalmitic acid C16:024.07±0.52b29.92±0.88a
Palmitoleic acid C16:10.95±0.02b1.16±0.03a
Heptadecanoic acid C17:00.35±0.01b0.42±0.01a
Stearic acid C18:08.53±0.11b10.67±0.33a
Oleic acid C18:1n9c14.87±0.32b17.89±0.51a
Linoleic acid C18:2n6c0.96±0.01b1.13±0.042a
Linolenic acid C18:3--
), ArticleFig(id=1217784602958156320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800729329415119, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

样品脂肪酸的组成和含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Free fatty acidContent (%)
ControlLactobacillus delbrueckii grx601
Medium-chain fatty acidCapric acid C10:00.21±0.01b0.26±0.01a
Lauric acid C12:01.31±0.01b1.58±0.06a
Myristic acid C14:06.89±0.15b8.32±0.20a
Myristoleic acid C14:1--
Pentadecanoic acid C15:00.66±015b0.80±0.03a
Long-chain fatty acidPalmitic acid C16:024.07±0.52b29.92±0.88a
Palmitoleic acid C16:10.95±0.02b1.16±0.03a
Heptadecanoic acid C17:00.35±0.01b0.42±0.01a
Stearic acid C18:08.53±0.11b10.67±0.33a
Oleic acid C18:1n9c14.87±0.32b17.89±0.51a
Linoleic acid C18:2n6c0.96±0.01b1.13±0.042a
Linolenic acid C18:3--
), ArticleFig(id=1217784603033653796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800729329415119, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus delbrueckii grx601

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemSurvival rate (%)
pH 3.083.87±0.03
0.05% bile salt97.63±0.01
0.10% bile salt69.39±0.06
0.30% bile salt47.70±0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1217784603113345578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800729329415119, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

菌株的益生特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemSurvival rate (%)
pH 3.083.87±0.03
0.05% bile salt97.63±0.01
0.10% bile salt69.39±0.06
0.30% bile salt47.70±0.02
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具有降解乳脂肪能力乳酸菌的筛选及生物学特性分析
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刘一平 , 于鹏 , 袁园 , 叶国志 , 陈大卫 , 张臣臣 , 黄玉军 , 顾瑞霞 , 关成冉 *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(12): 5559-5572
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(12): 5559-5572
具有降解乳脂肪能力乳酸菌的筛选及生物学特性分析
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刘一平, 于鹏, 袁园, 叶国志, 陈大卫, 张臣臣, 黄玉军, 顾瑞霞, 关成冉*
作者信息
  • 扬州大学 食品科学与工程学院,益生菌与乳品深加工省高校重点实验室,江苏 扬州
Screening of lactic acid bacteria with lipolytic activity and analysis of its biological characteristics
Yiping LIU, Peng YU, Yuan YUAN, Guozhi YE, Dawei CHEN, Chenchen ZHANG, Yujun HUANG, Ruixia GU, Chengran GUAN*
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Probiotics and Deep Processing of Dairy Products, School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
出版时间: 2025-12-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250432
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目的 筛选具有降解乳脂肪能力的乳酸菌,为乳制品发酵工艺优化和益生菌开发提供理论基础与技术支持。 方法 采用以黄油为主要碳源的培养基进行初筛,以黄油为唯一碳源的培养基进行复筛,并利用无碳源培养基开展验证实验以筛选目的菌株。使用显色法测定菌株的脂肪酶特性,根据活菌数、酸度、酸价及游离脂肪酸含量等指标测定其发酵黄油特性,最后通过耐酸耐胆盐实验和降低胆固醇实验明确菌株的益生特性。 结果 经初筛、复筛及验证,筛选出10株具有降解乳脂肪能力的菌株。选取其中长势较好的一株,通过形态学观察和分子生物学鉴定,确定该菌株为德氏乳杆菌,并将其命名为德氏乳杆菌grx601。该菌株在对数期和稳定期表现出较高的脂肪酶活性,胞内、胞外酶活分别为14.14 U/mL和11.45 U/mL。酶学特性分析表明,胞内、外脂肪酶的最适反应底物为对硝基苯酚棕榈酸酯,最适反应pH为7.0,最适反应温度为40 ℃,在盐浓度为5%时酶活仍保持在50%以上,具有一定的耐盐能力。发酵特性实验显示,德氏乳杆菌grx601在发酵过程中能显著提高样品的酸度和酸价,增加游离脂肪酸的含量。益生特性分析表明,菌株在pH 3.0和0.30%胆盐浓度的人工模拟液中存活率分别为83.87%和47.70%,具有良好的耐酸耐胆盐特性;菌株的胆固醇降解率为7.95%。 结论 本研究成功筛选并鉴定了一株具有显著降解乳脂肪能力的乳酸菌——德氏乳杆菌grx601。该菌株具有较高的胞内外脂肪酶活性、优良的酶学特性及发酵特性,同时具备良好的益生特性,如耐酸性、耐胆盐性和降胆固醇能力,表明其在乳制品发酵和益生菌开发领域具有重要的应用潜力。

乳脂肪降解  /  德氏乳杆菌  /  脂肪酶活性  /  益生菌

Objective To isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with the ability to degrade milk fat, providing a theoretical foundation and technical support for dairy fermentation process optimization and probiotic development. Methods Primary screening employed media with butter as the main carbon source, followed by secondary screening using media with butter as the sole carbon source. The target strains were validated via carbon-free media. The selected strains underwent chromogenic assays for lipase characterization. Fermentation properties were assessed through viable count, acidity, acid value, and free fatty acid measurements. Probiotic potential was evaluated via acid/bile salt tolerance and cholesterol reduction assays. Results Through primary screening, secondary screening, and validation, ten strains with the ability to degrade milk fat were selected. Among them, a strain with faster growth than the others was identified as Lactobacillus delbrueckii grx601 through morphological and molecular biological characterization. This strain exhibited high lipase activity during logarithmic and stationary phases, with intracellular and extracellular enzyme activities of 14.14 U/mL and 11.45 U/mL, respectively. Enzymatic characterization showed that the optimal substrate for intracellular and extracellular lipases was p-nitrophenol palmitate, with the optimal reaction conditions of pH 7.0 and 40 ℃. The relative activity remained above 50% at 5% NaCl, which indicated certain salt tolerance. The fermentation characteristic experiment showed that L. delbrueckii grx601 significantly increased the acidity, acidity value, and free fatty acid content during the fermentation process. Moreover, the survival rates of L. delbrueckii grx601 in artificial simulated solutions with pH 3.0 and 0.30% bile salt were 83.87% and 47.70%, respectively, which indicated acid/bile salt tolerance of the strain. In addition, the cholesterol degradation rate of the strain was 7.95%. Conclusion L. delbrueckii grx601 was successfully isolated and characterized as a potent milk fat-degrading strain. Its high intra/extracellular lipase activity, favorable enzymatic properties, robust fermentation performance, and probiotic attributes (acid/bile salt tolerance, cholesterol reduction) indicate significant potential for dairy fermentation and probiotic applications.

degradation of milk fat  /  Lactobacillus delbrueckii  /  lipase activity  /  probiotic
刘一平, 于鹏, 袁园, 叶国志, 陈大卫, 张臣臣, 黄玉军, 顾瑞霞, 关成冉. 具有降解乳脂肪能力乳酸菌的筛选及生物学特性分析. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (12) : 5559 -5572 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250432
Yiping LIU, Peng YU, Yuan YUAN, Guozhi YE, Dawei CHEN, Chenchen ZHANG, Yujun HUANG, Ruixia GU, Chengran GUAN. Screening of lactic acid bacteria with lipolytic activity and analysis of its biological characteristics[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (12) : 5559 -5572 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250432
脂肪酶是一类能够高效催化甘油三酯水解为游离脂肪酸和甘油的关键生物催化剂,在食品工业尤其是乳制品加工中具有重要应用价值[1]。乳脂肪是乳制品中重要的营养成分和风味前体物质,主要由甘油三酯构成,且富含脂肪酸。脂肪酶可降解乳脂肪,直接影响产品的风味、质地和营养价值,还能通过释放游离脂肪酸赋予乳制品独特的香气和功能特性[2-3]。然而,脂肪酶的酶学特性(如最适pH、温度、底物特异性及耐盐性)因微生物来源不同而有所差异,这直接影响其在工业化生产中的应用潜力。当前工业脂肪酶的主要来源为细菌,但其来源安全性限制了应用,而乳酸菌因具有生物安全性及良好的益生功能在食品特别是乳制品中应用广泛,是获取脂肪酶的理想菌株来源。因此筛选具有高效脂肪酶活性且兼具优良酶学特性的乳酸菌菌株,对开发功能性发酵乳制品及益生菌产品具有重要意义。
本研究以乳脂肪(黄油)为唯一碳源,并采用无碳源培养基进行验证实验,从生牛乳中分离具有高效降解乳脂肪能力的乳酸菌,结合形态学与分子生物学手段对目标菌株进行鉴定。进一步通过测定菌株的脂肪酶活性、底物特异性、最适反应条件,以及发酵过程中酸度、酸价、游离脂肪酸的动态变化,系统解析其乳脂肪降解机制。同时,评估菌株的耐酸、耐胆盐能力及胆固醇降解特性,以明确其作为功能性益生菌的应用潜力,为后续开发乳脂肪降解提供高效的菌种资源和理论基础。
生牛乳由扬州市扬大康源乳业有限公司提供,原料均为当天采集;无水黄油(99.9%脂肪含量,新西兰恒天然集团)于本地商超采购。
37种脂肪酸甲酯混标,上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司;胆固醇标品、阿拉伯树胶粉、对硝基苯酚,上海源叶生物科技有限公司;Ezup柱式细菌基因组DNA抽提试剂盒、Goldview、牛胆盐,北京索莱宝科技有限公司;Taq DNA聚合酶,TaKaRa公司;胃蛋白酶,生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;对硝基苯酚酯,Sigma-Aldrich公司;其他试剂:国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
恒温培养箱,上海精宏实验设备有限公司;超净操作台,上海智城分析仪器制造有限公司;高速冷冻离心机,长沙湘仪离心机仪器有限公司;高压灭菌锅,TOMY公司;超纯水系统,Millipore公司;Mulstiskan GO酶标仪、GC-MS联用仪,Thermo Electron公司;高压破壁机,广州市艾贝泰生物科技有限公司;PCR仪,Eppendorf公司;凝胶成像分析仪,Vilber公司;核酸电泳仪,北京六一仪器厂。
本研究使用的培养基主要有MRS培养基[4]、初筛培养基(将MRS培养基中的葡萄糖替换为同等质量浓度的无水黄油)、复筛固体培养基(去掉初筛培养基中的牛肉膏、胰蛋白胨和酵母浸膏)、验证培养基(去掉复筛培养基中的无水黄油)和产酶培养基(在复筛培养基中加入葡萄糖8.0 g/L,胰蛋白胨8.0 g/L),配制固体培养基时加入18.0 g/L琼脂粉。
人工胃液、胆盐培养基和胆固醇培养基的配制参考陈大卫的方法[5]
10%氯化铁溶液:称取六水合氯化铁10.0 g,向其中加入浓磷酸,定容至100.0 mL。
1.5%磷硫铁试剂:取10%氯化铁溶液1.5 mL,加浓硫酸,定容至100.0 mL。
配制所需量的MRS、初筛、复筛及验证固体培养基,灭菌后在无菌条件下倒板,待凝固。选取适宜浓度梯度对生牛乳样品进行稀释,分别吸取不同浓度梯度样品150 μL,涂布于固体MRS培养基,置于37 ℃培养箱进行恒温培养。将培养好的菌株涂布于初筛固体培养基(将葡萄糖更换为黄油,用于筛选出可降解利用黄油生长的菌株),37 ℃恒温培养,对菌株进行初筛。将初筛培养基中生长出的菌株涂布于复筛培养基(进一步去除初筛培养基中的胰蛋白胨、牛肉膏和酵母浸膏,去除黄油以外可能会给菌株供能生长的因素),37 ℃恒温培养进行复筛。将复筛所得菌株涂布于验证培养基(进一步去除复筛培养基中的黄油),37 ℃恒温培养,观察菌株生长情况。最后,挑选能在复筛培养基上生长但不能在验证培养基上生长的菌株进行后续实验。
经筛选得到的菌株经革兰氏染色处理后,初步判断其种属信息,通过显微镜观察菌株形态。依照DNA提取试剂盒说明书对所得菌株基因组DNA进行提取,以此为模板进行16S rRNA基因的PCR扩增。PCR引物为通用引物27F (5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′)和1492R (5′-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′)。PCR反应体系(25 μL):DNA模板1 μL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各0.5 μL,2×Taq Master Mix (Dye Plus) (P112) 12.5 μL,ddH2O 10.5 μL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性30 s,56 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸100 s,共30个循环;72 ℃终延伸10 min。PCR产物由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司完成测序,拼接后的序列在NCBI数据库中进行BLAST比对。
依照陈竞适等[6]的方法,并稍作优化。制备浓度为5 mmol/L的对硝基苯甲酸标准液,配制50 mmol/L Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH 8.0)、0.5 mol/L三氯乙酸以及0.5 mol/L碳酸钠。随后取10个离心管,按照表1添加。
在充分混匀各梯度溶液后,于405 nm波长下测定吸光度,建立标准曲线,拟合得到线性回归方程(1)。
y=109.88x-6.003 3,R2=0.999 3
式中:y表示对硝基酚浓度(μmol/L),x为对应的吸光度值。
依据关成冉等[4]的方法制备脂肪酶胞内、外粗酶液。
使用显色法测定脂肪酶酶活[7]。配制浓度为25 mmol/L对硝基棕榈酸酯溶液1 mL,向其中加入9 mL 50 mmol/L Tris-HCl底物缓冲液(pH 8.0),充分摇匀后添加0.1 g阿拉伯树胶粉,得到反应液。分别设置实验组和对照组,取50 μL粗酶液加入到350 μL反应液中,于37 ℃恒温水浴反应15 min后,向混合液中加入400 μL 0.5 mol/L三氯乙酸溶液终止反应,再加入400 μL 0.5 mol/L Na2CO3溶液显色,待充分混合后于12 000 r/min离心1 min。在405 nm处测定吸光度值。对照组在加入酶液后立即加入三氯乙酸,使酶失活以终止酶促反应,其他操作同实验组一致。酶活计算如公式(2)所示。
A=([A1-A0K+CV1×n/(V2×t)
式中:A为样品的脂肪酶酶活(U/mL),A1为实验组吸光值,A0为对照组吸光值,K为标准曲线斜率,C为标准曲线截距,n为粗酶液稀释倍数,V1为反应液体积(mL),V2为粗酶液体积(mL),t为反应时间(min)。
将菌株按照2%的接种量接入产酶培养基内,置于37 ℃培养箱中培养72 h。在此期间每12 h检测活菌计数与脂肪酶活性,并据此绘制菌株的产酶动态曲线。
参考王召贺[8]的方法并加以优化。本研究选择不同碳链长度的对硝基苯酚酯为底物,使用异丙醇作为反应介质,分别评估菌株在细胞内与细胞外的脂肪酶活性表现。
配制不同pH的缓冲体系(50 mmol/L):pH 5.0为柠檬酸/柠檬酸钠缓冲体系;pH 6.0为柠檬酸/柠檬酸钠缓冲体系;pH 7.0为Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4缓冲体系;pH 8.0为Tris-HCl缓冲体系;pH 9.0为Tris-HCl缓冲体系。测定菌株胞内外脂肪酶在不同pH条件下的酶活。
在20、30、40、50、60 ℃这5种温度下分别检测菌株胞内与胞外脂肪酶的活性。
在不同质量分数(1%、3%、5%、7%、9%)的氯化钠溶液处理下分别检测菌株胞内及胞外脂肪酶的活性。
在上述实验条件下,以每组测得的最大酶活为100%,其余数据按此基准换算成相对酶活。同时,分别对菌株胞内和胞外脂肪酶的最适作用底物、最适反应pH值、最适反应温度以及耐盐能力进行测定分析。
将待测菌株分别接种至2种不同的产酶培养基中,其中一组培养基添加黄油,另一组不添加黄油。将2组培养基置于37 ℃培养48 h,且在培养期间每隔12 h进行1次样本采集。根据GB 4789.35—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 乳酸菌检验》[9]测定样品的活菌数。
样品酸度测定方法参考GB 5009.239—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品酸度的测定》[10]
样品酸价测定方法参考GB 5009.229—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品酸价的测定》[11]
样品发酵后通过碱水解法提取脂肪,样品游离脂肪酸含量的测定参照GB 5009.168—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪酸的测定》[12]
将待测菌株活化,吸取10 mL发酵液12 000 r/min离心10 min,去除上清液后加入生理盐水洗涤菌体细胞。洗涤后加入生理盐水重悬,按照10%接种量吸取后分别接入不同浓度胆盐培养基及人工胃液,37 ℃恒温培养,分别于0 h与3 h取样计数,存活率计算如公式(3)所示。
存活率=3 h的活菌数0 h的活菌数×100%
采用赵瑞峰[13]的方法对菌株胆固醇清除能力进行测定。称取胆固醇标准品0.1 g,采用无水乙醇作为溶剂进行完全溶解,并定容至100 mL,制备成1 mg/mL的胆固醇标准储备液;取10 mL储备液,再次向其中加入无水乙醇,最终制备浓度为0.1 mg/mL的标准溶液。如表2所示,在7支试管中依次加入相应试剂,每管补加2 mL磷硫铁显色剂,充分混匀后置于避光条件下反应,待显色反应到达平衡且样品恢复至室温后于560 nm测吸光度。以吸光值为横坐标、胆固醇含量(μg/mL)为纵坐标绘制胆固醇标准曲线,经线性回归得方程(4)。
y=2.263 5x+0.003 8,R2=0.999 2
降胆固醇能力的测定:将待测菌株活化2代,以2%接种量接入胆固醇培养基,置于37 ℃培养48 h,培养结束后吸取1 mL培养液,在12 000 r/min离心10 min。取0.4 mL上清,依次加入1.6 mL和4.0 mL无水乙醇混匀,再次离心15 min。取2 mL上清与等量磷硫铁显色剂反应,显色完成后室温静置,560 nm测吸光度,并按公式(5)计算胆固醇降解率。
胆固醇降解率=初始的胆固醇含量-样品的胆固醇含量初始的胆固醇含量×100%
使用SPSS 26.0和Exce1 2019软件对实验数据进行整理分析,通过Origin 2019和PS 2019进行作图。
将生牛乳涂布于MRS固体培养基后进行培养,依据固体培养基上的菌落形态,挑选出66个符合乳酸菌特征的菌落,并依次进行编号。经初筛、复筛及验证培养基筛选培养,结果如表3所示。初筛阶段共获得24株生长出可见菌落的候选菌株;复筛培养基上仅有1、3、9、21、22、23、25、32、33、39号这10株菌可继续正常生长,在验证培养基条件下这10株菌的生长受到明显抑制,无法形成完整形态的菌落。经革兰氏染色后镜检表明,这10株菌均为革兰氏阳性的杆菌或球菌。
运用16S rRNA基因测序方法对筛选得到的10株菌种进行系统鉴别,具体鉴定信息见表4。分析表明,这10株菌株中1号菌株为乳杆菌,其余9株被划归为乳球菌。将生长速度较快的1号菌株命名为德氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus delbrueckii) grx601,并进行后续实验研究。
为研究德氏乳杆菌grx601脂肪酶的产酶特性,对不同时间点取样测定并绘制了德氏乳杆菌grx601的产酶曲线,结果如图1所示。德氏乳杆菌grx601生长良好,在发酵初期的12 h内展现出典型的对数生长期特征,新陈代谢活动达到高峰期,微生物计数呈现出明显且快速的上升趋势。当作用时间超过12 h后菌株进入成熟期,微生物计数达到顶点值8.12 lg CFU/mL。在第48 h阶段,微生物细胞开始呈现衰老特征,生物学活性逐步减退,至发酵72 h结束时微生物数量下降至4.61 lg CFU/mL的低水平。
进一步分析不同生长阶段德氏乳杆菌grx601的产酶情况,结果表明在德氏乳杆菌grx601生长过程中胞内、外均可检测到脂肪酶活性。在对数生长阶段与稳定生长阶段,此菌株胞内及胞外的脂肪酶酶活性均呈现持续递增的变化态势,并且细胞内脂肪酶的活性始终显著强于细胞外脂肪酶的活性。当培养进程达到48 h时,2种酶的活性均达到峰值状态,其中细胞内脂肪酶的最大活性值为14.14 U/mL,细胞外脂肪酶的最大活性为11.45 U/mL。当生长进入衰亡期后,细胞内脂肪酶的活性急剧下降,而细胞外脂肪酶的活性则保持相对稳定,几乎未发生变化。
为研究德氏乳杆菌grx601脂肪酶在不同碳链长度底物下的酶活力,实验选取碳链长度为C2、C4、C8、C12及C16的对硝基苯酚乙酸酯、对硝基苯酚丁酸酯、对硝基苯酚辛酸酯、对硝基酚月桂酸酯和对硝基苯酚棕榈酸酯作为测试底物,分别检测胞内、外酶活力。如图2所示,德氏乳杆菌grx601分泌的胞内与胞外脂肪酶可作用于不同链长的对硝基苯酚酯底物,且胞内与胞外脂肪酶均对长链底物(C16)的催化效率最高,显著优于中短链底物。
采用不同温度及pH缓冲体系测定菌株内、外脂肪酶活性,具体数据见图3
图3A可知,温度对胞内、外脂肪酶的活性影响较大。温度为40 ℃时胞内和胞外酶活均达到最大值,显著高于其他实验组。当温度为30 ℃和50 ℃时胞内、外相对酶活分别为66.44%和38.34%,与40 ℃时的胞内、外相对酶活相差近35%-60%。由图3B可知,在pH 5.0-9.0范围内,胞内酶与胞外酶活均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,并在pH 7.0时达到最高点,即最适反应pH为7.0。
对德氏乳杆菌grx601在不同NaCl浓度下的胞外与胞内脂肪酶活力进行比较可准确揭示该菌株的耐盐能力。如图4所示,随着盐浓度升高德氏乳杆菌grx601的胞内与胞外脂肪酶活力均呈递减趋势。在1%-5%的盐浓度区间内,脂肪酶活性的下降速率较为缓慢,酶活维持在50%以上的较高水平;盐浓度高于5%时酶活快速下降,在盐浓度为9%时胞内、胞外酶活分别为12.53%和12.43%。由此可见,德氏乳杆菌grx601的细胞内、外脂肪酶具有一定的耐盐能力。
活菌数与酸度是衡量乳酸菌发酵特性的重要参数:前者表征菌体增殖活力,后者体现代谢产物积累情况。为评估德氏乳杆菌grx601的发酵表现,将其接种于含或不含黄油的产酶培养基,并在不同时间点取样测定活菌量及酸度,所得结果见图5
添加黄油的实验组中发酵前期菌株grx601生长速度相对较快,在12 h活菌数达到最高值(8.12 lg CFU/mL);随后的12-36 h菌株的生长速度减缓并进入相对稳定期,尽管活菌总数在一定范围内波动,但发酵液中的酸度值持续升高。超过36 h菌株开始显现衰亡迹象,活菌数量逐步下降,而酸度在此时达到最大值68 °T。在48 h时活菌计数进一步降低至7.32 lg CFU/mL,同时酸度保持恒定,未观察到显著变化。无黄油对照组在0-12 h即达稳定期(7.82 lg CFU/mL,38 °T),至实验结束的48 h活菌数量大幅减少至3.82 lg CFU/mL,而酸度则呈现轻微上升,为42 °T。以上结果进一步说明,德氏乳杆菌grx601可以利用黄油,进一步提高发酵活菌数和酸度。
通过监测发酵过程中样品的酸价可准确评估游离脂肪酸的累积动态,该指标为发酵进程的追踪提供了关键数据支持。本研究在多个时间点采集发酵样品以检测酸价变化,具体数值见图6。随发酵持续推进,酸价总体呈上升趋势,其中12-36 h上升尤为迅速,由4.08 mg/mL快速攀升至4.32 mg/mL,随后进入平台期。
通过GC-MS分析技术全面检测了德氏乳杆菌grx601发酵与非发酵样品的游离脂肪酸含量差异,深入阐释了其变化规律。如表5所示,德氏乳杆菌grx601发酵后检测出癸酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸等10种脂肪酸,其类别与未发酵对照一致,但总量均有所上升,尤以长链脂肪酸的增幅最为显著。
在胃酸和胆汁环境中具有良好存活率以及具备降低胆固醇能力是评估乳酸菌益生特性的重要标准[14]。本研究构建了模拟胃液条件(pH 3.0)并添加梯度胆盐的实验体系,用以检测德氏乳杆菌grx601对胃酸和胆盐的耐受性及其胆固醇清除效率。
在测定grx601乳酸菌胆固醇清除能力时,其降解率为7.95%,说明该菌对胆固醇有一定的降解能力。如表6所示,在pH为3.0的人工胃液中grx601菌株仍能维持较高的活性水平,显著体现了其优越的耐酸特性。在浓度为0.05%的胆盐条件下,菌株grx601的存活率仍高达97.63%,显示出良好的胆盐耐受性;随着胆盐浓度增加到0.30%,存活率虽下降至47.70%,但依然保持相对稳定的水平。结果表明,德氏乳杆菌grx601对胆盐和人工胃液具有良好的耐受性,具备在胃肠道定殖并发挥益生功能的潜力。综上所述,德氏乳杆菌grx601具有良好的益生特性。
发酵乳制品的质地及风味特征形成与其发酵剂的脂肪酶特性密切相关。脂肪酶能高效催化油脂与脂肪的完全或部分水解反应,从而分解出多种关键组分,包括游离脂肪酸、二酰基甘油、单酰基甘油以及甘油。在适宜条件下,该类酶还能推动酯化、转酯化、氨解及内酯化等一系列复杂合成反应,可用于提升产品营养价值、改善产品风味等,此外在功能性脂质合成、低热量脂质开发、乳脂改性及干酪熟化等过程中也发挥关键作用[15]
本研究成功从生牛乳中分离获得一株具有突出乳脂肪降解功能的德氏乳杆菌grx601。该菌株在快速生长期及生长稳定期均表现出卓越的脂肪酶表达水平,胞内酶活和胞外酶活峰值分别达14.14 U/mL和11.45 U/mL,有力证明了其高效的脂肪酶合成机制。并非所有乳酸菌菌种都能产脂肪酶,存在显著的菌株依赖性差异。Meyers等[16]对不同乳酸菌属的100余株乳酸菌进行筛选,仅鉴定出29株产脂肪酶菌株,且均以胞内酶形式存在。另一项针对乳源分离的137株乳酸菌的研究发现,50.3%的菌株表现出脂肪酶活性,且主要存在于胞外组分中[17]。德氏乳杆菌grx601在细胞内外的脂肪酶活性均表现出较高的水平,其活性显著高于其他来自乳酸菌的酶,略逊于曲霉菌来源的脂肪酶活性[18]。尽管乳酸菌源脂肪酶活性相对较低,但在香肠及干酪等工业生产中通常采用较长的发酵周期与高细胞密度策略,足以保障产品的生产需求[19]。德氏乳杆菌grx601脂肪酶对长链底物具有较高的亲和力,其中最适底物为十六烷基对硝基苯酚酯(C16),这一结果与景智波[20]筛选的菌株TR1-1-3在底物选择上的特性一致,从而进一步证实了德氏乳杆菌grx601产生的确实是脂肪酶而非酯酶[21]。脂肪酶的最适反应条件因其来源差异而呈现特异性特征。在德氏乳杆菌grx601中无论是胞内脂肪酶还是外分泌脂肪酶,其最大活性均出现在pH 7.0的环境,最适反应温度为40 ℃。针对普城沙雷氏菌的低温脂肪酶,刘思远等[22]的研究明确指出,该脂肪酶在pH 7.0时活性最佳,但其最适工作温度降低至30 ℃,这一发现突显了其特殊的低温耐受性。王凤等[23]研究的毕赤酵母表达的基因工程菌X12-5脂肪酶在pH为7.0、温度45 ℃时活性最高,其温度范围可在25-70 ℃之间。此外,Gobbetti等[24]发现从植物乳植杆菌中分离出的脂肪酶E2在环境pH为7.0时最活跃,Andersen等[25]则发现植物乳杆菌mf32脂肪酶分别以猪油、三丁碱为底物时的最佳pH值约为9.3。脂肪酶在乳制品的发酵、后熟阶段中有重要的应用,而乳制品加工中同样需要盐的参与[26]。德氏乳杆菌grx601菌株的胞内和胞外脂肪酶均展现出优异的盐度耐受性,即便在5% NaCl的环境中相对酶活仍维持在40%以上。Guan等[27]从酒糟中分离出具有脂解活性的副干酪乳杆菌f3,其在含5% NaCl的培养基中仍表现显著脂解活性。Ghati等[28]在印度热泉环境中分离获得蜡样芽孢杆菌AGP-03,并提取出一种兼具耐酸、耐盐碱及苯耐受性的脂肪酶。此特殊酶类在3%-11%的盐浓度范围内均能保持较高活性,其最佳盐浓度测定值为4.5%。这些发现为乳制品加工中的脂肪酶应用提供了重要参考。虽然德氏乳杆菌grx601的胞内及胞外脂肪酶相比Lp_3562 (在2%-25% NaCl下脂肪酶活性反而增加)[29]盐耐受性表现不足,但可适用于低盐或无盐发酵食品工艺场景。
游离脂肪酸可有效指示脂质水解程度,而酸价则直接量化发酵体系中游离脂肪酸的浓度。为进一步研究德氏乳杆菌grx601的脂解能力,对其发酵液中的酸价和游离脂肪酸的含量进行了测定。在发酵过程中,德氏乳杆菌grx601能够显著提升样品的酸度和酸价,同时增加游离脂肪酸的含量,这表明其在乳脂肪降解方面具有显著效果。此外,发酵产品的营养价值与其脂肪酸谱存在直接关联[30]。油酸和亚麻酸的含量增加,说明德氏乳杆菌grx601具有促进肠道健康、提供抗炎与抗氧化效应的健康促进潜力[31]
本研究还进一步测定了德氏乳杆菌grx601的益生功能。耐受胃肠道环境的能力是乳酸菌重要的益生特性,根据Ricciardi等[32]的研究,益生菌处于肠液胃液环境中存活率高于60%就有可能到达结肠中发挥作用。德氏乳杆菌grx601在pH 3.0的人工胃液及胆盐胁迫条件下均展现出优异的存活能力,证实其对复杂肠道的适应性。此外,该菌株还表现出明显的降胆固醇功效。乳酸菌降胆固醇能力具有菌株差异性,研究发现85株乳酸菌对胆固醇的降解率在3.8%-55.2%之间[33]。德氏乳杆菌grx601兼具胃肠道耐受性与降胆固醇能力,与报道的益生菌促进健康的研究[34]一致。
综上所述,兼具脂肪酶活性与益生功能的德氏乳杆菌grx601可应用于功能乳制品和益生菌制剂的开发。
刘一平:论文撰写和修改;于鹏:参与论文讨论;袁园:实验设计与操作,数据收集和处理;叶国志:参与参考文献讨论;陈大卫:实验仪器指导;张臣臣:实验方法指导;黄玉军:提供意见和指导;顾瑞霞:提供技术支持和指导;关成冉:论文写作指导与修改,参与实验设计和指导。
作者声明不存在任何可能会影响本文所报告工作的已知经济利益或个人关系。
  • 国家自然科学基金(31972094)
  • 江苏省研究生实践创新计划(SJCX24_2364)
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250432
  • 接收时间:2025-06-04
  • 首发时间:2025-12-08
  • 出版时间:2025-12-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-04
  • 录用日期:2025-07-11
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972094)
国家自然科学基金(31972094)
Graduate Practice and Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(SJCX24_2364)
江苏省研究生实践创新计划(SJCX24_2364)
作者信息
    扬州大学 食品科学与工程学院,益生菌与乳品深加工省高校重点实验室,江苏 扬州

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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