Article(id=1204800728897401798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1204800727341310425, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250437, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1748966400000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1751558400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-04, onlineDate=1765176477884, onlineDateStr=2025-12-08, pubDate=1764777600000, pubDateStr=2025-12-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765176477884, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765176477884, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765176477884, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1204800727341310425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='12', pageStart='5191', pageEnd='5649', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765176477513, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765176611928, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1204801291189986067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1204800727341310425, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1204801291189986068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1204800727341310425, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5590, endPage=5604, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1204800729182614475, articleId=1204800728897401798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Effects of an organic fertilizer fortified with Bacillus paralicheniformis HS6 on the growth and yield of peanut plants in saline-alkali soil, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective Saline-alkali soil is an important farmland resource in China. This study explored the effects of a bio-organic fertilizer fortified with a functional strain isolated from the crop rhizosphere of saline-alkali soil on the growth and the grain yield and quality of peanut plants in saline-alkali soil. The results are expected provide a solution for the development of specific microbial organic fertilizers for saline-alkali soil. Methods We first compared the rhizosphere bacterial communities of peanut plants growing in low-salt stress and non-salt stress soils, and identified the potential taxa improving the salt tolerance of plants that were enriched in the peanut rhizosphere under low-salt stress. A strain named HS6 capable of enhancing the salt tolerance of peanut plants was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of peanut plants. It was preliminarily identified as Bacillus paralicheniformis HS6. A microbial organic fertilizer was prepared by combining this strain with organic fertilizer. A field experiment was carried out in coastal saline-alkali land, including a control treatment (CK: decomposed organic fertilizer) and treatment 1 (T1: decomposed organic fertilizer supplemented with the cells of strain HS6). The growth and yield-related indicators of peanut plants were determined by counting and weighting, and the quality of peanuts was determined by the Kjeldahl method and the Soxhlet extraction method. Results The soil salt concentration higher than 0.3% significantly inhibited the growth of peanut plants. The principal component analysis revealed a significant difference in the peanut rhizosphere bacterial communities between low-salt stress (0.3%) and non-salt stress soils. Under low-salt stress, 22 differential taxa, mainly including Bacillaceae, were positively enriched in the peanut rhizosphere. The application of the organic fertilizer prepared with strain HS6 significantly promoted the growth, enhanced the biomass accumulation, and increased the number of nodules of peanut plants. The number of peanut nodules of T1 was 5 times that of CK. Moreover, the functional microbial fertilizer improved the yield and quality of peanuts. Compared with CK, T1 decreased the crude protein content of peanuts by 13.84%, while increasing the crude fat content of peanuts by 5.63%. Conclusion Low-salt stress can promote the enrichment of functional microbial taxa capable of enhancing salt tolerance in the peanut rhizosphere. The microbial organic fertilizer fortified with the functional strain enriched in the rhizosphere under salt stress can significantly improve the yield and quality of peanuts, demonstrating the potential to serve as a special microbial fertilizer for saline-alkali soil.

, correspAuthors=Weibing XUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 盐碱地是我国重要的土地资源,从盐碱地作物根际筛选土壤适应性强的功能菌株,利用菌株开发生物有机肥料,并探究其对盐碱地花生植株生长及籽粒产量品质的增产提质效果,为研发盐碱地专用的微生物有机肥料提供微生物解决方案。 方法 以花生为研究对象,比较低盐胁迫与无盐胁迫土壤中花生根际细菌群落的差异,鉴定低盐胁迫下花生根际富集的能促进植株耐盐能力的潜在类群。从花生植株根际土壤中分离获得一株能增强花生耐盐性的菌株HS6,初步鉴定其属于副地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus paralicheniformis)。将其与有机肥配制成微生物有机肥料,在滨海盐碱地开展田间试验,设置对照处理(CK:腐熟有机肥)和处理1 (T1:添加菌株HS6菌体的腐熟有机肥),通过计数和称重法统计花生生长和产量构成指标,通过凯氏定氮法和索氏抽提法测定花生品质。 结果 当土壤盐浓度高于0.3%时会显著抑制花生生长。通过PCA分析比较发现,低盐胁迫(0.3%)与无盐胁迫土壤中花生根际细菌群落存在显著差异,低盐胁迫下花生根际主要正向富集的差异类群为芽孢杆菌科(Bacillaceae)等22个类群。施用菌株HS6制成的生物有机肥料能显著促进花生生长,提高花生生物量积累,同时增加花生结瘤数量,T1处理下花生根瘤数是CK处理的5倍;功能微生物肥料还能提高花生产量和品质,与对照相比,T1处理下花生粗蛋白含量下降了13.84%,花生粗脂肪含量提高了5.63%。 结论 低盐胁迫可显著促进花生根际富集能够增强其耐盐能力的功能微生物类群,利用花生在低盐胁迫下根际富集的功能菌株制成的生物有机肥(T1)能促进花生提质增产,可开发为盐碱地作物增产的专用微生物肥料。

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Plant Physiology Journal, 2020, 56(9): 1974-1984 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217784607957766948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=26, issue=9, pageStart=36, pageEnd=37, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=38, authorNames=闫林香, 李宝艳, 巩晓丽, journalName=特种经济动植物, refType=null, unstructuredReference=闫林香, 李宝艳, 巩晓丽. 微生物菌肥对花生产量及品质的影响[J]. 特种经济动植物, 2023, 26(9): 36-37, 40., articleTitle=微生物菌肥对花生产量及品质的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217784608045847335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=38, issue=4, pageStart=20, pageEnd=23, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=39, authorNames=庞强强, 蔡兴来, 周曼, 赵枢纽, 李德明, journalName=热带农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=庞强强, 蔡兴来, 周曼, 赵枢纽, 李德明. 微生物菌肥对设施白菜生长、品质和土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 热带农业科学, 2018, 38(4): 20-23., articleTitle=微生物菌肥对设施白菜生长、品质和土壤酶活性的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217784608171676460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=38, issue=4, pageStart=20, pageEnd=23, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=40, authorNames=PANG QQ, CAI XL, ZHOU M, ZHAO SN, LI DM, journalName=Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PANG QQ, CAI XL, ZHOU M, ZHAO SN, LI DM. Effects of microbial fertilizer on the growth, quality and soil enzyme activities of pakchoi in the solar greenhouse[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 2018, 38(4): 20-23 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217784608276534065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=20, issue=1, pageStart=37, pageEnd=40, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=41, authorNames=张辉, 李维炯, 倪永珍, journalName=农村生态环境, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张辉, 李维炯, 倪永珍. 生物有机无机复合肥对土壤微生物活性的影响[J]. 农村生态环境, 2004, 20(1): 37-40., articleTitle=生物有机无机复合肥对土壤微生物活性的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217784608406557493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=20, issue=1, pageStart=37, pageEnd=40, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=42, authorNames=ZHANG H, LI WJ, NI YZ, journalName=Rural Eco-Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG H, LI WJ, NI YZ. Effects of biological-organic-inorganic complex fertilizer on soil microorganism activity[J]. Rural Eco-Environment, 2004, 20(1): 37-40 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217784602953962015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, awardId=BK20240092, language=EN, fundingSource=Jiangsu Provincial Outstanding Youth Fund(BK20240092), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217784603092374059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, awardId=BK20240092, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省杰出青年基金(BK20240092), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217784603184648750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, awardId=2022YHTDJB01, language=EN, fundingSource=2022 Science and Technology Challenge Recruitment Program of Coastal Development Group Co., Ltd(2022YHTDJB01), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217784603314672182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, awardId=2022YHTDJB01, language=CN, fundingSource=沿海开发集团有限公司2022年科技“揭榜挂帅”研发项目(2022YHTDJB01), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217784594955424736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217784594980590562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, companyId=1217784594955424736, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217784595014144996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, companyId=1217784594955424736, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南京农业大学 资源与环境科学学院,江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室,江苏 南京)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217784595119002602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217784595148362734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, companyId=1217784595119002602, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Hubei Yishizhuang Agricultural Technology Co. , Ltd. , Yichang, Hubei, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217784595160945649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, companyId=1217784595119002602, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.湖北宜施壮农业科技有限公司,湖北 宜昌)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217784600655483286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=The peanut plant and its height under different soil salt concentrations. A: The growth status of peanuts at 7 days; B: The plant height value of peanuts at 7 days. The different lowercase letters above the histogram represent significant differences (P<0.05) across salt stress degrees within one growth stage according to Duncan’s multiple comparison tests. Error bars represent standard deviations, n=5. Different letters represent significant differences (Duncan-test,P<0.05)., figureFileSmall=iTJ+jE9SKv0O4YoV/s66UQ==, figureFileBig=CaoJlM1aaypDKS57bbRTow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784600768729500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同盐胁迫下花生植株及株高。A:7 d时花生生长状态;B:7 d时花生株高值。柱状图上方的不同小写字母表示根据Duncan多重比较检验,在同一生长阶段内不同盐胁迫程度间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。误差线代表标准差,n=5。不同字母表示不同的显著性差异(Duncan-test,P<0.05)。, figureFileSmall=iTJ+jE9SKv0O4YoV/s66UQ==, figureFileBig=CaoJlM1aaypDKS57bbRTow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784600894558631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Composition of peanut rhizosphere microbial communities under salt-free and low-salt stress. Ns: No NaCl; Ls: 0.3% NaCl., figureFileSmall=paU86A8gJopqo/zOnlZfsw==, figureFileBig=lTc64eGtNogwj32VXfQnJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601024582056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, language=CN, label=图2, caption=无盐和低盐胁迫下花生根际微生物群落组成。Ns:无盐胁迫;Ls:0.3%低盐胁迫。, figureFileSmall=paU86A8gJopqo/zOnlZfsw==, figureFileBig=lTc64eGtNogwj32VXfQnJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601158799796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=PCA analysis of rhizosphere microbial communities under salt-free and low-salt stress. Ns: No NaCl; Ls: 0.3% NaCl. Principal component analysis (PCA) scatter plot illustrating the distribution of samples from different treatment groups across principal component 1 (PC1) and principal component 2 (PC2). PC1 accounted for 14.08% of the variance, while PC2 explained 10.96% of the variance. Samples are differentiated by color for the control group (blue, n=12) and the treatment group (red, n=12), with ellipses representing 95% confidence regions., figureFileSmall=WeHXfK4go7cs+z9Ch48FFw==, figureFileBig=PRanJ8XitT3Ly+kqXubzsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601276240316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, language=CN, label=图3, caption=无盐和低盐胁迫下根际微生物群落PCA分析图。Ns:无盐胁迫;Ls:0.3%低盐胁迫。主成分分析(PCA)散点图展示了不同处理组样本在主成分1 (PC1)和主成分2 (PC2)上的分布。主成分1解释了14.08%的方差,主成分2解释了10.96%的方差。样本按颜色区分对照组(蓝色,n=12)和处理组(红色,n=12),椭圆表示95%置信区间。, figureFileSmall=WeHXfK4go7cs+z9Ch48FFw==, figureFileBig=PRanJ8XitT3Ly+kqXubzsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601406263746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=LEfSe analysis plot of differential groups of rhizosphere microbial communities under salt-free and low-salt stress. Ns: No NaCl; Ls: 0.3% NaCl. The figure shows the distribution of LDA values of the different species, the color represents the corresponding group, and the length of the histogram represents the contribution of the different species (i.e., the LDA score), showing the species with significant differences in abundance between different groups under the condition that the LDA score is greater than the set value (the default setting is 2). The blue section represents taxa with increased abundance under low-salinity stress, while the red section indicates taxa showing decreased abundance., figureFileSmall=+ssNN+eCMx+OTzsu2DoQ3w==, figureFileBig=WDKLerqiAkxL99B0Nbop3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601519509962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, language=CN, label=图4, caption=无盐和低盐胁迫下根际微生物群落差异类群的LEfSe图。Ns:无盐胁迫;Ls:0.3%低盐胁迫。图为差异物种的LDA值分布图,颜色代表对应分组,柱状图的长度代表差异物种的贡献度大小(即为LDA score),图中展示了在LDA score大于设定值(默认设置为2)的条件下不同组间丰度有显著差异的物种。蓝色部分为低盐胁迫下丰度增加的类群,红色部分为丰度减少的类群。, figureFileSmall=+ssNN+eCMx+OTzsu2DoQ3w==, figureFileBig=WDKLerqiAkxL99B0Nbop3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601615978961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Phylogenetic tree of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the enriched strain T1 under low salt stress. The bootstrap values at the branch nodes represent the percentages of 1 000 replications. The branch lengths represent the evolutionary distances, and the scale bar=0.01., figureFileSmall=yE9TAWpLR+FNSry35RNZkw==, figureFileBig=nhS3XPL35PsTJu2t0aeZeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601741808087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, language=CN, label=图5, caption=低盐胁迫下富集菌株T116S rRNA基因序列系统发育树。分支节点上的自展值表示1 000次重复的百分比,分支长度代表进化距离,标尺=0.01。, figureFileSmall=yE9TAWpLR+FNSry35RNZkw==, figureFileBig=nhS3XPL35PsTJu2t0aeZeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601842471393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Agronomic traits of peanut plants treated with different fertilizers at different growth stages. A: Shoot length of peanut plants treated with different fertilizers at different growth stages; B: Root length of peanut plants treated with different fertilizers at different growth stages; C: Stem thickness of peanut plants treated with different fertilizers at different growth stages; D: Chlorophyll content (SPAD) values of peanut plants treated with different fertilizers at different growth stages. The x-axis represents the experimental group (T1) and the control group (CK), while the y-axis represents the measured values of the indicator. An independent samples t-test was used to compare the mean differences between the two groups. P<0.05 indicates a significant difference in the means between the two groups. Error bars represent the standard deviation. ns: P>0.05; *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001., figureFileSmall=r4zumgjacTxR/ySXa4YEcQ==, figureFileBig=SzFZSSh3seRa3QBzxYZG3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784601926357477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, language=CN, label=图6, caption=花生不同生育期不同肥料处理的植株农艺性状。A:花生不同生育期不同肥料处理下的株高;B:花生不同生育期不同肥料处理下的根长;C:花生不同生育期不同肥料处理下的茎粗;D:花生不同生育期不同肥料处理下的叶绿素含量(SPAD值)。采用独立样本t检验比较两组均值差异,P<0.05表明两组均值存在显著差异,误差线表示标准差。, figureFileSmall=r4zumgjacTxR/ySXa4YEcQ==, figureFileBig=SzFZSSh3seRa3QBzxYZG3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602035409389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Biomass accumulation of peanut plants treated with different fertilizers at different growth stages. A: Shoot dry weight of peanut plants treated with different fertilizers at different growth stages; B: Shoot fresh weight of peanut plants treated with different fertilizers at different growth stages; C: Root dry weight of peanut plants treated with different fertilizers at different growth stages; D: Root fresh weight of peanut plants treated with different fertilizers at different growth stages. The x-axis represents the experimental group (T1) and the control group (CK), while the y-axis represents the measured values of the indicator. An independent samples t-test was used to compare the mean differences between the two groups. P<0.05 indicates a significant difference in the means between the two groups. Error bars represent the standard deviation. ns: P>0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001., figureFileSmall=SIu2G6O885BzqutVjGGdYg==, figureFileBig=UpUdGUDGDcKMrHSO72RDUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602161238519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, language=CN, label=图7, caption=花生不同生育期不同肥料处理的植株生物量。A:花生不同生育期不同肥料处理下的地上部干重;B:花生不同生育期不同肥料处理下的地上部鲜重;C:花生不同生育期不同肥料处理下的地下部干重;D:花生不同生育期不同肥料处理下的地下部鲜重。横坐标为实验组(T1)和对照组(CK),纵坐标为指标测量值。采用独立样本t检验比较两组均值差异,P<0.05表明两组均值存在显著差异。误差线表示标准差。, figureFileSmall=SIu2G6O885BzqutVjGGdYg==, figureFileBig=UpUdGUDGDcKMrHSO72RDUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602274484733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Number of peanut nodules under different fertilizer treatments. This figure shows the number of nodules on the roots of each peanut plant during the pod-setting stage. The x-axis represents the experimental group (T1) and the control group (CK), while the y-axis represents the measured values of the indicator. An independent samples t-test was used to compare the mean differences between the two groups. P<0.05 indicates a significant difference in the means between the two groups. Error bars represent the standard deviation. ***: P<0.001., figureFileSmall=xonrzB9RtjzQL0QULYhn/w==, figureFileBig=AarrB59TkOlMrxwUXLTCBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602417091076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同肥料处理下花生根瘤数量。该图展示结荚期每株花生植株根部结瘤数。横坐标为实验组(T1)和对照组(CK),纵坐标为指标测量值。采用独立样本t检验比较两组均值差异,P<0.05表明两组均值存在显著差异,误差线表示标准差。, figureFileSmall=xonrzB9RtjzQL0QULYhn/w==, figureFileBig=AarrB59TkOlMrxwUXLTCBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602538725896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Yield and quality of peanut under different fertilizer treatments. A: The hundred-fruit weight of peanuts under different fertilizer treatments at the maturity stage; B: The hundred-kernel weight of peanuts under different fertilizer treatments at the maturity stage; C: The theoretical yield of peanuts under different fertilizer treatments at the maturity stage; D: The crude protein content of peanuts under different fertilizer treatments at the maturity stage; E: The crude fat content of peanuts under different fertilizer treatments at the maturity stage. The x-axis represents the experimental group (T1) and the control group (CK), while the y-axis represents the measured values of the indicator. An independent samples t-test was used to compare the mean differences between the two groups. A P-value less than 0.05 indicates a significant difference in the means between the two groups. Error bars represent the standard deviation. ns: P>0.05; *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01., figureFileSmall=oq0/MG3bs1GzpaNE4uUFeQ==, figureFileBig=GSgsjR7yic2UaZKIBSv/ZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602693915153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728897401798, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同肥料处理下花生产量和品质。A:花生成熟期不同肥料处理下的百果重;B:花生成熟期不同肥料处理下的百仁重;C:花生成熟期不同肥料处理下的理论产量;D:花生成熟期不同肥料处理下的粗蛋白含量;E:花生成熟期不同肥料处理下的粗脂肪含量。横坐标为实验组(T1)和对照组(CK),纵坐标为指标测量值。采用独立样本t检验比较两组均值差异,P值小于0.05表明两组均值存在显著差异,误差线表示标准差。, figureFileSmall=oq0/MG3bs1GzpaNE4uUFeQ==, figureFileBig=GSgsjR7yic2UaZKIBSv/ZQ==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1192105720683257860, delFlag=0, nameCn=微生物学报, nameEn=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0001-6209, eissn=null, cn=11-1995/Q, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, 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以副地衣芽孢杆菌HS6强化的有机肥料对盐碱地花生生长和产量的作用
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王觉萱 1 , 李洁 1 , 徐周 1 , 刘祖锋 2 , 刘德锐 2 , 张楠 1 , 张瑞福 1 , 沈其荣 1 , 荀卫兵 1, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(12): 5590-5604
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(12): 5590-5604
以副地衣芽孢杆菌HS6强化的有机肥料对盐碱地花生生长和产量的作用
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王觉萱1, 李洁1, 徐周1, 刘祖锋2, 刘德锐2, 张楠1, 张瑞福1, 沈其荣1, 荀卫兵1, *
作者信息
  • 1.南京农业大学 资源与环境科学学院,江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室,江苏 南京
  • 2.湖北宜施壮农业科技有限公司,湖北 宜昌
Effects of an organic fertilizer fortified with Bacillus paralicheniformis HS6 on the growth and yield of peanut plants in saline-alkali soil
Juexuan WANG1, Jie LI1, Zhou XU1, Zufeng LIU2, Derui LIU2, Nan ZHANG1, Ruifu ZHANG1, Qirong SHEN1, Weibing XUN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
  • 2.Hubei Yishizhuang Agricultural Technology Co. , Ltd. , Yichang, Hubei, China
出版时间: 2025-12-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250437
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目的 盐碱地是我国重要的土地资源,从盐碱地作物根际筛选土壤适应性强的功能菌株,利用菌株开发生物有机肥料,并探究其对盐碱地花生植株生长及籽粒产量品质的增产提质效果,为研发盐碱地专用的微生物有机肥料提供微生物解决方案。 方法 以花生为研究对象,比较低盐胁迫与无盐胁迫土壤中花生根际细菌群落的差异,鉴定低盐胁迫下花生根际富集的能促进植株耐盐能力的潜在类群。从花生植株根际土壤中分离获得一株能增强花生耐盐性的菌株HS6,初步鉴定其属于副地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus paralicheniformis)。将其与有机肥配制成微生物有机肥料,在滨海盐碱地开展田间试验,设置对照处理(CK:腐熟有机肥)和处理1 (T1:添加菌株HS6菌体的腐熟有机肥),通过计数和称重法统计花生生长和产量构成指标,通过凯氏定氮法和索氏抽提法测定花生品质。 结果 当土壤盐浓度高于0.3%时会显著抑制花生生长。通过PCA分析比较发现,低盐胁迫(0.3%)与无盐胁迫土壤中花生根际细菌群落存在显著差异,低盐胁迫下花生根际主要正向富集的差异类群为芽孢杆菌科(Bacillaceae)等22个类群。施用菌株HS6制成的生物有机肥料能显著促进花生生长,提高花生生物量积累,同时增加花生结瘤数量,T1处理下花生根瘤数是CK处理的5倍;功能微生物肥料还能提高花生产量和品质,与对照相比,T1处理下花生粗蛋白含量下降了13.84%,花生粗脂肪含量提高了5.63%。 结论 低盐胁迫可显著促进花生根际富集能够增强其耐盐能力的功能微生物类群,利用花生在低盐胁迫下根际富集的功能菌株制成的生物有机肥(T1)能促进花生提质增产,可开发为盐碱地作物增产的专用微生物肥料。

盐碱土壤  /  根际  /  副地衣芽孢杆菌  /  盐碱地专用肥  /  增产提质

Objective Saline-alkali soil is an important farmland resource in China. This study explored the effects of a bio-organic fertilizer fortified with a functional strain isolated from the crop rhizosphere of saline-alkali soil on the growth and the grain yield and quality of peanut plants in saline-alkali soil. The results are expected provide a solution for the development of specific microbial organic fertilizers for saline-alkali soil. Methods We first compared the rhizosphere bacterial communities of peanut plants growing in low-salt stress and non-salt stress soils, and identified the potential taxa improving the salt tolerance of plants that were enriched in the peanut rhizosphere under low-salt stress. A strain named HS6 capable of enhancing the salt tolerance of peanut plants was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of peanut plants. It was preliminarily identified as Bacillus paralicheniformis HS6. A microbial organic fertilizer was prepared by combining this strain with organic fertilizer. A field experiment was carried out in coastal saline-alkali land, including a control treatment (CK: decomposed organic fertilizer) and treatment 1 (T1: decomposed organic fertilizer supplemented with the cells of strain HS6). The growth and yield-related indicators of peanut plants were determined by counting and weighting, and the quality of peanuts was determined by the Kjeldahl method and the Soxhlet extraction method. Results The soil salt concentration higher than 0.3% significantly inhibited the growth of peanut plants. The principal component analysis revealed a significant difference in the peanut rhizosphere bacterial communities between low-salt stress (0.3%) and non-salt stress soils. Under low-salt stress, 22 differential taxa, mainly including Bacillaceae, were positively enriched in the peanut rhizosphere. The application of the organic fertilizer prepared with strain HS6 significantly promoted the growth, enhanced the biomass accumulation, and increased the number of nodules of peanut plants. The number of peanut nodules of T1 was 5 times that of CK. Moreover, the functional microbial fertilizer improved the yield and quality of peanuts. Compared with CK, T1 decreased the crude protein content of peanuts by 13.84%, while increasing the crude fat content of peanuts by 5.63%. Conclusion Low-salt stress can promote the enrichment of functional microbial taxa capable of enhancing salt tolerance in the peanut rhizosphere. The microbial organic fertilizer fortified with the functional strain enriched in the rhizosphere under salt stress can significantly improve the yield and quality of peanuts, demonstrating the potential to serve as a special microbial fertilizer for saline-alkali soil.

saline-alkali soil  /  rhizosphere  /  Bacillus paraclicheniformis  /  specific fertilizer for saline-alkali soil  /  yield and quality improvement
王觉萱, 李洁, 徐周, 刘祖锋, 刘德锐, 张楠, 张瑞福, 沈其荣, 荀卫兵. 以副地衣芽孢杆菌HS6强化的有机肥料对盐碱地花生生长和产量的作用. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (12) : 5590 -5604 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250437
Juexuan WANG, Jie LI, Zhou XU, Zufeng LIU, Derui LIU, Nan ZHANG, Ruifu ZHANG, Qirong SHEN, Weibing XUN. Effects of an organic fertilizer fortified with Bacillus paralicheniformis HS6 on the growth and yield of peanut plants in saline-alkali soil[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (12) : 5590 -5604 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250437
盐碱地是我国重要的后备耕地资源,充分挖掘盐碱地的增产潜能对保障我国粮食安全具有重要意义。然而盐碱地存在盐分高、水盐运移失衡、土壤结构性差等问题,盐胁迫会导致植物体内活性氧过量积累,破坏细胞结构,致使细胞死亡[1],还会造成作物根系水分和养分吸收困难,严重影响作物生长,限制盐碱地的产能。盐碱地改良常用的物理和化学方法成本高、工程复杂,且存在二次污染的可能性;而利用生物除盐的方法效率较低。因此开发提高作物耐盐性的新技术成为提高盐碱地产能的工作重点。
土壤盐渍化会使土壤物理性质恶化,抑制作物根系生长,使其无法有效吸收土壤中的水分和养分[2];同时还会直接影响土壤微生物的组成和功能[3]。Zhou等[4]发现盐胁迫可改变水稻根际微生物群落多样性、结构及功能,盐胁迫下芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)和假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)的相对丰度降低,而拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteriota)的相对丰度增加。大量研究表明,处于高浓度盐胁迫时植物可将土壤中特定有益细菌招募到根际,利用这些微生物提高自身耐受盐胁迫的能力[5-7]。高盐生植物的根际微生物组富含结构独特的嗜盐微生物类群,如海杆菌属(Marinobacter)、近海螺旋菌属(Thalassospira)和游动放线菌属(Actinoplanes)等[8]。因此可通过筛选和应用植物根际促生微生物(plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR)来提高植物的耐盐性。根际益生微生物可通过直接和间接作用提高作物的耐盐性,如调节植物激素水平、调控根系钠钾吸收水平、合成次级代谢产物或调节植物响应盐胁迫的相关信号通路等[9-13]。例如,Bhattacharyya等[9]发现粪产碱菌(Alcaligenes faecalis) JBCS1294可通过正向调控植物生长素和赤霉素途径增强拟南芥的耐盐性。PGPR还能提高小麦吸收K+的能力,从而提高植物体内K+/Na+比,增强植物的耐盐能力[10]。此外,一些PGPR可在根系外围产生胞外多糖(extracellular polymetric substances, EPS),从空间上隔离植物根系和土壤盐分,减轻盐分对植物的胁迫作用,促进植物生长[11]。Upadhyay等[12]和Ashraf等[13]均发现接种产EPS的菌株能显著降低小麦根系的Na+吸收量。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B. velezensis) SQR9可产生甘氨酸、甜菜碱和胆碱等有机化合物调节植物光合作用、激素稳态、渗透稳态、细胞膜完整性、解毒和离子稳态,从而增强拟南芥和玉米的耐盐性[14]。因此利用这些植物益生微生物开发盐碱地专用菌肥是解决我国盐碱地增产问题的重要发展方向[15]。然而,当前市场上针对盐碱地专用的高效增产提质菌肥产品仍比较缺乏。有机肥料不仅能提高土壤有机质含量,促进土壤结构优化和肥力提升,还能为微生物生存和定殖提供重要的营养和空间,有助于提高菌剂在盐碱地中的存活能力和功能发挥,是农用微生物菌剂的首选载体之一。
试验所用花生品种为‘花育22’,试验菌株为副地衣芽孢杆菌(B. paralicheniformis) HS6,该菌株由南京农业大学土壤微生物与有机肥团队从盐碱地花生植株根际筛选获得。
磷酸盐缓冲液(g/L):二水合磷酸二氢钠7.0,十二水合磷酸氢二钠22.0,Silwet L-77 0.21。
LB固体培养基(g/L):蛋白胨10.0,酵母粉5.0,氯化钠3.0,琼脂10.0。
LB液体培养基(g/L):蛋白胨10.0,酵母粉5.0,氯化钠3.0。
盆栽试验所用土壤取自非盐碱耕地地表耕作层土壤(0-15 cm),土壤基础盐度低于0.1%。通过分别向土壤中添加质量为土壤质量0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%的NaCl设置4个盐胁迫梯度(0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%),同时以原始土壤作为无胁迫对照开展花生盆栽试验。每个处理随机选取籽粒饱满、无破损、无霉变、无发芽且大小适中的花生种子20粒。首先用次氯酸钠消毒10 min,再用去离子水冲洗5-6次。将种子均匀置于铺有2层滤纸的塑料盆中,加入适量蒸馏水后于27 ℃光照培养箱中暗处理至发芽。将发芽表型基本一致的花生移栽到不同盐度的土壤中,并置于光照培养箱25-30 ℃条件下生长,其间定时浇蒸馏水。花生移栽到土壤中生长15 d后采样,测定花生植株的主茎株高、根长、地上部鲜重、地上部干重、地下部鲜重、地下部干重等生长指标。在试验开始和过程中每周取土检测土壤盐度,根据实验要求配制不同浓度的盐溶液。初始按照每2 d 50 mL水的浇灌频率和用量对土壤进行浇灌,浇灌量根据土壤体积和持水量确定,确保盐分能渗透到植物根系所在土层。定期测定土壤的电导率,根据测定结果调整浇灌盐溶液的浓度和用量,确认整个试验过程中土壤盐度维持不变。
取无盐胁迫(低于0.1%,Ns)与低盐胁迫(0.3%,Ls)下花生根系样品,向每个样品中添加40 mL磷酸盐缓冲液后剧烈振荡5 min (共5个循环:30 s振荡,30 s休息;1 800 r/min),此后将样品过100 μm滤膜去除杂质,20 ℃、6 000 r/min离心10 min去除上清液,收集根际土样品。称取0.25 g根际土,使用DNeasy PowerSoil Kit (Qiagen公司)提取各样品DNA。为尽可能修正DNA提取的误差,每个样品提取2次DNA并混合。利用NanoDrop ND-2000微量分光光度计(ThermoFisher Scientific公司)检测所提DNA在的260/280 nm和260/230 nm波长吸光度的比值,以此评估DNA的质量。高通量扩增实验及原始数据产出由上海伯恩生物技术有限公司完成。
本研究采用标准化生物信息学流程进行微生物群落分析。对原始测序数据进行质量控制,去除测序过程中的低质量序列。对剩余序列进行去冗余处理,构建唯一序列集。在序列比对阶段进行截齐、合并、预聚类、去除嵌合体和单条序列等筛选操作以排除测序误差干扰,最终留存的即为有效序列。将上述有效序列利用USEARCH软件进行聚类分析,基于97%的一致性将序列聚类形成操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU),最终生成OTU表格和分类信息用于后续分析。
将低盐胁迫下‘花育22’植株根际土样品取0.5 g,置于10 mL磷酸盐缓冲液中制备土悬液,再用磷酸盐缓冲液将其稀释至不同梯度,选取适宜梯度的土悬液进行菌株分离纯化。吸取200 μL土悬液置于LB平板中央,然后用涂布棒将菌液均匀涂布于平板表面,置于30 ℃恒温培养箱中培养24-48 h。从培养后的平板中选择具有典型特征的菌落进行进一步纯化,利用接种环挑取适宜菌落,重复上述步骤直至得到单一形态的纯菌落。
对纯化后的菌株进行16S rRNA基因测序鉴定。使用REPLI-g Single Cell Kit (Qiagen公司)通过酶裂解法提取样品DNA。利用16S rRNA基因通用引物27F (5′-AGAGTTTGATC CTGGCTCAG-3′)和1492R (5′-GGTTACCTTG TTACGACTT-3′)进行PCR扩增。PCR反应体系(50 µL):2×RapidTaq Master Mix 25 µL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各2 µL,DNA模板5 µL,ddH2O 16 µL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性1.5 min;94 ℃变性30 s,55 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸1 min,共33个循环;72 ℃终延伸10 min。将所获得的DNA序列利用TBtools进行16S rRNA基因序列比对,并提交至NCBI进行BLAST对比分析以鉴定菌株的具体种属。将花生在低盐胁迫下根际特异性富集菌株的DNA序列上传至NCBI,经BLAST比对后,下载与 B. paralicheniformis HS6相似性较高的菌株DNA序列,利用MEGA 12进行系统发育树的分析和构建。使用MEGA内置工具ClustalW对序列进行对齐,确保序列之间正确对应,然后采用邻接法(neighbor-joining, NJ)构建菌株发育树,设定自展值(bootstrap value)为1 000,以获取稳定的支持率,并用MEGA 12进行编辑和发育树美化。
试验用盐碱土壤类型为滨海盐碱土壤 (36°55′-38°10′N,118°07′-119°10′E),耕作层(0-20 cm)土壤的盐度为0.4%,pH值为8.21,有机质含量为0.24%,有效氮、磷、钾含量分别为11.7、5.4、85.3 mg/kg。
挑取LB固体培养基上试验前期分离纯化的功能菌株HS6单菌落,接种到试管LB液体培养基中进行活化,再将活化的菌种转接到摇瓶液体培养体系(接种量1 mL/L菌液,温度28 ℃、转速170 r/min)中培养,制备种子液,最后将种子液转接至发酵罐(接种量1 mL/L种子液,温度28 ℃、转速170 r/min、pH 7.5、DO值=40%-60%)进行扩大培养,发酵培养基为LB液体培养基。发酵罐培养48 h后菌数达到109 CFU/mL。将发酵罐中的菌液20 ℃、6 000 r/min离心10 min后去除培养基,并用无菌水进行重悬,然后倒入腐熟有机肥。功能菌有机肥料:在50 kg腐熟有机肥中添加13 kg HS6重悬菌液,搅拌使肥料中菌株添加量为2×108 CFU/g (干重) (有机肥料由湖北宜壮施农业科技有限公司提供,以腐熟秸秆为基底材料,有机碳含量42%,含N 1.2%-1.5%、P2O5 1.8%-2.1%、K2O 3.7%-4.2%,混合菌液后含水量约为35%-40%)。不添加功能菌的腐熟有机肥:在50 kg腐熟有机肥中添加13 kg无菌水,混合后含水量与功能菌有机肥相同。
试验共设置2个处理,分别为对照处理(CK):腐熟有机肥(不添加菌株HS6);处理1 (T1):生物有机肥(添加菌株HS6的腐熟有机肥)。小区面积均为42 m2,每个小区间隔1 m,每个处理分别重复5次,共10个试验小区,CK和T1两种处理施用的有机肥用量均为945 kg/hm2。苗期追施尿素,用量为90 kg/ hm2,结荚期叶面喷施0.3%磷酸二氢钾水溶液,用量为60 L/hm2,花生生长期间田间管理措施符合当地常规管理要求。
花生幼苗期、开花下针期、结荚期时在田间随机选取5棵植株进行采样,测定花生植株的主茎株高、根长、地上部鲜重、地上部干重、地下部鲜重、地下部干重等生理指标。用精度为1 mm的钢卷尺测量花生植株主茎株高、根长、侧枝长等农艺性状。用精度为0.01 mm的游标卡尺测量地面以上2 cm处的主茎直径,每次测量位置固定。将每株植物的根瘤摘下观察并计数。用直接称重法测定花生地上部鲜重和地下部鲜重;将采集的整株花生样品于106 ℃杀青30 min,然后置于30 ℃烘箱烘干2 d,用烘干称重法测定花生地上部干重和地下部干重,用千分之一天平进行称重。
花生成熟期时在每个小区随机选取一个面积为1 m2的样方,测定每个小区的花生产量和品质。通过计数和称重法统计产量构成(果实数、果重、百果重、百仁重),通过凯氏定氮法和索氏抽提法测定花生品质。每个处理的理论产量由样方产量取平均值折算。
试验数据分别采用Microsoft Excel 2022进行计算,使用SPSS 19.0软件的最小显著极差法(least significant difference, LSD)进行差异显著性及相关性分析。利用UPARSE平台的“alpha-div-rare”指令制作群落稀释曲线,利用“alpha-div”指令获得Shannon指数和Chao指数,基于加权和非加权群落Bray-Curtis距离和UniFrac参数,使用“beta-div”指令进行分析。处理间多样性指数显著性检验采用Tukey HSD检验,群落组成差异显著性检验采用多元方差分析(Adonis)。
花生在无盐胁迫条件下长势良好,随着土壤盐浓度升高胁迫作用增强,花生植株生长受到的抑制作用愈发明显(图1A)。在0.2%盐浓度胁迫下,花生植株生长受抑制作用不显著,株高较无盐胁迫处理下降3.96% (P>0.05) (图1B)。当盐浓度达到0.3%时,花生植株生长受到明显抑制,株高较无盐胁迫处理下降28.38% (P<0.05)。在0.4%和0.5%盐胁迫下,花生株高达到最低值,分别为2.40 cm和1.62 cm,较无盐胁迫处理分别下降60.40%、73.27%。这表明盐胁迫会抑制花生植株生长,且随着盐胁迫程度加剧其抑制作用更强。当盐浓度高于0.3%时会导致花生生长显著下降。
通过比较花生根际细菌群落低盐(0.3%,Ls)和无盐胁迫(0,CK)条件下的组成差异,发现两处理下的细菌群落均以假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota,RA:67.74%-71.71%)为主,其次为放线菌门(Actinomycetota,RA:10.03%-10.41%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota,RA:6.99%-9.03%) (图2)。PCA分析表明,无盐和低盐胁迫下根际细菌群落差异显著(P<0.05) (图3)。通过分析科分类水平下无盐胁迫(Ns)和低盐胁迫(0.3%,Ls)条件下花生根际细菌群落组成差异,发现无盐胁迫处理(Ns)与低盐胁迫处理(Ls)存在显著差异的类群有37个(LDA score>2.0),其中在低盐胁迫中丰度减少的有15个,富集的有22个,其中芽孢杆菌科(Bacillaceae)的富集作用最为显著(LDA score=3.68) (图4)。
取0.3%盐度下花生根际土壤,制备土壤悬液并稀释涂布于LB平板上,经平板划线纯化后获得低盐胁迫(Ls)组的根际富集差异菌株HS6。将纯化后菌株进行16S rRNA基因分析后,经NCBI比对确定HS6为副地衣芽孢杆菌(B. paralicheniformis) (图5)。
功能微生物肥料对花生幼苗期、开花下针期和结荚期的主茎株高、根长、茎粗和叶片叶绿素SPAD值等农艺性状具有显著促进作用。在幼苗期,T1处理下花生主茎株高较CK处理提高39.96% (图6A),茎粗较CK处理提高7.20% (图6B),同时花生根长(图6C)和叶片叶绿素含量(图6D)均显著高于CK处理(P<0.05);除开花下针期外,T1处理下花生根长均高于CK处理,且在幼苗期T1处理对花生根长的促进作用最为明显;在开花下针期和结荚期各处理间根长和叶片叶绿素含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。
功能微生物肥料还能增加不同生育期花生的地上部和地下部的鲜物质量与干物质量(图7)。在花生幼苗期和结荚期,T1处理下花生地上部鲜物质量和干物质量均显著高于CK处理(P<0.05);在花生结荚期,T1处理下花生地上部鲜物质量比CK处理高45.29% (P<0.05)。
在结荚期功能微生物肥料能显著增加花生根瘤数(图8)。CK处理平均结瘤数量为每株 1个,T1处理下花生根瘤数显著高于CK处理 (P<0.05),是CK处理的5倍。
功能微生物肥料能有效增加花生子实产量。T1处理下花生百果重(图9A)和百仁重最高(图9B),分别为164 g和85 g,比CK处理分别提高4.15%和11.04%。总体而言,功能微生物肥料对花生理论产量有一定的促进作用(图9C),其中T1处理下花生理论产量为742.2 kg/hm2,比CK处理高13.06%。
功能微生物肥料也会影响花生籽粒品质。T1处理下的花生粗蛋白含量为18.06% (图9D),较CK处理下降了13.84% (P<0.05)。然而,T1处理下花生粗脂肪含量为52.89% (图9E),较CK处理提高了5.63% (P<0.05)。
植物生物量是其耐盐性的直接指标,是植物对盐胁迫反应的综合体现[16]。在盐胁迫条件下,花生种子萌发缓慢、出苗率低、植株发育延迟、长势欠佳、叶片数减少[17]。慈敦伟等[18]研究发现,花生在低盐胁迫(0.15%)下出苗和植株生长受影响较小;而在中等盐胁迫(0.30%)下出苗较晚,植株生长受影响较大;在较高盐胁迫(0.45%)下植株生长受到严重抑制。本研究也表明盐胁迫会抑制花生生长,且随着盐胁迫程度提高其抑制作用更强,发现当土壤盐浓度超过0.30%时会显著抑制花生生长,导致植株株高显著降低。
根际是植物根系附近1-3 mm受植物根分泌物影响最大的区域,也是植株生长发育中形成的具有特殊微生物群落的区域。汪娅婷等[19]研究了不同海拔和品种类型对玉米根际微生物群落构成的影响,结果表明不同海拔和不同品种的玉米根际微生物群落的组成差异明显,且假单胞菌门微生物的相对丰度在所有微生物群落中占比最高,是玉米根际的优势类群。在另一项研究中发现,芽孢杆菌门和拟杆菌门的丰度与玉米耐盐胁迫能力呈正相关[20]。在互花米草根内与根际中发现功能微生物组丰度增加[21]。植物根际促生菌能够分泌一些植物激素,其中包括生长素(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)、赤霉素(gibberellic acid, GA)和乙烯(ethylene, ETH)等[22]。Numan等[23]研究发现PGPR能触发植物产生不同的植物生长激素,如生长素、细胞分裂素和赤霉素以及挥发性有机化合物,还能产生诸如铁载体的生长调节剂,其具有固定氮、溶解有机和无机磷酸盐的功能,在补偿植物耐盐性中起着重要作用。Arkhipova等[24]研究发现,通过对小麦植物根际接种枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis) IB-22和孟氏假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas mandelii) IB-Kil4菌株,IB-Kil4菌株通过增加小麦根际脱落酸含量协助小麦抵抗高盐土壤胁迫。本研究中探究了无盐与低盐胁迫下花生根际微生物群落差异,发现低盐胁迫下与无盐胁迫下的花生根际微生物β多样性产生显著差异。同时可知,低盐胁迫处理相较于无盐胁迫正向富集差异类群为22个(LDA score>2),主要集中在芽孢杆菌科(Bacillaceae)等,且芽孢杆菌科差异最为显著(LDA score=3.68)。由此可见,盐胁迫的确会使一部分功能菌株在花生根际富集,富集菌株可能会促使微生物协助植物耐受盐胁迫。然而通过田间实验可知,在花生根际添加盐胁迫下所富集的功能菌株可以促进花生在低盐胁迫下的生长,提升株高、根长和茎粗等生理指标,促进花生在盐胁迫下结瘤以及增加其产量,为开发盐碱土壤上花生专用生物有机肥料提供了实践基础。
在作物生长过程中功能菌腐熟有机肥可促进作物生长。王雨等[25]研究表明,由复合菌发酵得到的菌肥含有大量的氮、磷、钾等多种营养元素,因此肥料效果好、作用时间长、肥力效果稳定,能够改善土壤环境,极大地提高土壤保肥、蓄水、保墒的能力。于会丽等[26]研究表明,相较于施用普通肥料,施用生物菌肥的土壤有效磷和钾含量更高。然而,芽孢杆菌和假单胞杆菌等微生物菌肥可以将难溶性的磷、钾元素分解,转变为可供植物吸收和利用的形态,可满足作物对土壤养分的需求。冯玉倩等[27]研究发现配施微生物菌肥降低了黍子和油葵的Na+含量,提高了K+含量,从而提高作物耐盐性,促进作物生长。张俊杰等[28]研究表明接种不同菌剂后提高了花生叶片的叶绿素含量,其中以根瘤菌ZB15、芽孢杆菌1C-6和酵母菌1-103三者复合接种处理花生的叶绿素含量最高。本研究表明添加功能菌的腐熟有机肥均能提高花生的叶绿素含量,与该研究结果一致。微生物肥料不仅能促进作物生长,还能提高作物品质。邹晓霞等[29]研究发现化肥减量10%加黑曲霉菌处理下花生籽仁中的脂肪和油酸含量明显提高,改善了花生的油用品质。闫林香等[30]研究发现由于微生物菌肥能够增加土壤内有益微生物数量,提高微生物整体活性,促进有机质转化为作物可吸收的养分,从而改善花生品质。庞强强等[31]研究发现,黄瓜施用微生物菌肥后可显著提高果实中Vc和可溶性糖含量,降低硝酸盐含量,改善进食口味,显著提升产品品质。本研究证明施用功能菌腐熟有机肥能有效缓解作物盐胁迫,促进作物主茎株高、根长、茎粗等农艺性状,提高作物地上部鲜重,提升作物粗脂肪含量。添加功能菌的腐熟有机肥T1处理对促进花生耐盐胁迫和增产效果明显,亩产比施用常规的腐熟有机肥高13.06%,具备开发为盐碱地专用微生物肥料的应用潜力。
目前,功能菌提高植物盐耐性的机理已取得了相当大的进展,功能菌肥料的应用正在逐步发展壮大。通过微生物生命活动中的合成或分解作用能改善土壤板结、理化性状差的状况,使作物根际土壤保墒、保肥,通透性良好,作物根系发达,耐旱能力增强[32]。此外,本研究通过微生物发酵与农业废弃物混合制成的微生物有机肥料实现了废物的利用,降低了农业生产成本且清洁无污染,对农业可持续发展具有重大意义。未来,将进一步从单一功能菌微生物肥料转向复合菌群功能菌微生物肥料的研发试验以及应用。
本研究通过设置盐度梯度盆栽试验确定了0.3%盐度是显著影响花生生长的临界盐度,进一步选取无盐CK与低盐胁迫(0.3%盐浓度)花生根际进行细菌群落分析,发现在低盐胁迫下显著富集了芽孢杆菌类群。在此基础上,通过分离获得关键功能菌株B. paralicheniformis HS6。将功能菌与腐熟有机肥混合施用,结果表明该生物有机肥能显著改善花生株高、根长、茎粗等农艺性状,同时还能促进花生结瘤,提高花生产量和品质。本研究为开发盐碱地花生专用肥提供了菌株资源,为促进盐碱地增产提供了支撑。
王觉萱:数据收集、图片制作、撰写及修改文章;李洁:撰写文章;徐周:执行调研;刘祖锋:田间试验管理及指导;刘德锐:田间实验资源提供;张楠:文章审阅;张瑞福:提出概念;沈其荣:项目管理;荀卫兵:获取基金、数据收集与监管、撰写和审阅文章。
作者声明不存在任何可能会影响本文所报告工作的已知经济利益或个人关系。
  • 江苏省杰出青年基金(BK20240092)
  • 沿海开发集团有限公司2022年科技“揭榜挂帅”研发项目(2022YHTDJB01)
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2025年第65卷第12期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250437
  • 接收时间:2025-06-04
  • 首发时间:2025-12-08
  • 出版时间:2025-12-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-04
  • 录用日期:2025-07-04
基金
Jiangsu Provincial Outstanding Youth Fund(BK20240092)
江苏省杰出青年基金(BK20240092)
2022 Science and Technology Challenge Recruitment Program of Coastal Development Group Co., Ltd(2022YHTDJB01)
沿海开发集团有限公司2022年科技“揭榜挂帅”研发项目(2022YHTDJB01)
作者信息
    1.南京农业大学 资源与环境科学学院,江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室,江苏 南京
    2.湖北宜施壮农业科技有限公司,湖北 宜昌

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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