Article(id=1204800728243085786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1204800727341310425, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250384, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1747065600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1753977600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-01, onlineDate=1765176477727, onlineDateStr=2025-12-08, pubDate=1764777600000, pubDateStr=2025-12-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765176477727, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765176477727, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765176477727, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1204800727341310425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='12', pageStart='5191', pageEnd='5649', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765176477513, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765176611928, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1204801291189986067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1204800727341310425, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1204801291189986068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1204800727341310425, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5438, endPage=5451, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1204800728918368738, articleId=1204800728243085786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Screening, identification, and degradation characterization of a polyethylene terephthalate-degrading bacterium, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To address the environmental pollution caused by polyethylene terephthalate (PET), we screened functional bacterial strains capable of degrading PET and analyzed their growth and degradation characteristics, aiming to provide theoretical support and microbial resources for PET bioremediation. Methods Bacterial strains capable of degrading PET were isolated from the soil samples collected around a landfill site. The selected strain was identified based on morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The surface morphology and chemical group changes of PET films before and after degradation were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. The types and concentrations of degradation products were quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results A PET-degrading strain, designated YH-1, was successfully isolated and identified as a member of the Cellulosimicrobium sp. genus based on 16S rRNA analysis. The optimal growth conditions for strain YH-1 were 35 °C, pH 7.0, and 1% salinity, and the strain exhibited robust growth within the ranges of pH 6.0-10.0 and 1%-4% salinity. After 6 days of incubation, YH-1 achieved a PET weight loss rate of 1.90%. HPLC revealed that terephthalic acid (TPA) and bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) were the main degradation products, with concentrations of 3.87 mg/L and 4.70 mg/L, respectively. SEM images showed obvious surface roughening and cracking of the PET film after degradation, while FTIR revealed changes in functional groups. WCA measurements showed a reduction in contact angle from 79.385° to 65.052°, indicating enhanced hydrophilicity of the degraded PET film surface. Conclusion Strain YH-1 demonstrates good environmental adaptability and PET degradation potential. It can disrupt the PET film surface and generate typical degradation products. The findings lay a foundation for further development of PET-degrading microbial resources and exploration of degradation mechanisms.

, correspAuthors=Lei ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 针对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate, PET)塑料在环境中造成的污染问题,筛选具备PET降解能力的功能菌株,分析其生长特性与降解能力,为PET废弃物的生物修复提供理论依据和菌种资源支持。 方法 从垃圾填埋场周边土壤样品中分离筛选可降解PET的菌株,通过形态学观察、生理生化测试以及16S rRNA基因序列分析对菌株进行鉴定。采用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR)和水接触角(water contact angle, WCA)测试分析PET薄膜降解前后的表面形貌与官能团变化,并通过高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)检测降解产物的种类和含量。 结果 成功筛选获得一株PET降解菌YH-1,经16S rRNA基因分析鉴定为纤维微菌属(Cellulosimicrobium sp.) YH-1。该菌株的最适生长条件为温度35 ℃、pH 7.0、盐度1%,且在pH 6.0-10.0及盐度1%-4%范围内均表现出良好的生长能力。降解实验结果显示,菌株YH-1培养6 d后可实现1.90%的PET失重率。HPLC分析结果表明,降解产物中对苯二甲酸(terephthalic acid, TPA)和双(2-羟乙基)对苯二甲酸酯[bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, BHET]含量分别为3.87 mg/L和4.70 mg/L。SEM观察显示,降解后的PET膜表面出现明显裂痕和粗糙结构;FTIR检测显示其官能团发生变化;WCA测试结果显示其水接触角由79.385°降至65.052°,表明薄膜亲水性显著增强。 结论 菌株YH-1具有良好的环境适应能力和一定的PET降解潜力,能够破坏PET膜表面结构并产生典型降解产物,为后续PET生物降解菌资源的开发和降解机制研究提供了理论基础和技术支持。

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Screening and identification of PET plastic-degrading strains, degradation characteristics and key enzyme genes analysis[D]. Wuxi: Jiangnan University, 2020 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217784608834372305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=173, issue=null, pageStart=105454, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=26, authorNames=CHENG Y, CHEN JX, BAO MT, LI YM, journalName=International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHENG Y, CHEN JX, BAO MT, LI YM. Surface modification ability of Paracoccus sp. indicating its potential for polyethylene terephthalate degradation[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2022, 173: 105454., articleTitle=Surface modification ability of Paracoccus sp. indicating its potential for polyethylene terephthalate degradation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217784608926646997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=28, issue=2, pageStart=1278, pageEnd=1282, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=27, authorNames=GU JD, journalName=Environmental Science and Pollution Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GU JD. Biodegradability of plastics: the issues, recent advances, and future perspectives[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021, 28(2): 1278-1282., articleTitle=Biodegradability of plastics: the issues, recent advances, and future perspectives, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217784609010533081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=28, authorNames=王宏阳, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王宏阳. 碱性PET分解菌的全细胞生物催化剂研究[D]. 天津: 天津工业大学, 2016., articleTitle=碱性PET分解菌的全细胞生物催化剂研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217784609107002079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=29, authorNames=WANG HY, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG HY. Study on whole cell biocatalysts of alkaline PET decomposing bacteria[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin Polytechnic University, 2016 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217784609207665378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=749, issue=null, pageStart=141608, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=30, authorNames=DENARO R, AULENTA F, CRISAFI F, Di PIPPO F, CRUZ VIGGI C, MATTURRO B, TOMEI P, SMEDILE F, MARTINELLI A, Di LISIO V, VENEZIA C, ROSSETTI S, journalName=Science of the Total Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DENARO R, AULENTA F, CRISAFI F, Di PIPPO F, CRUZ VIGGI C, MATTURRO B, TOMEI P, SMEDILE F, MARTINELLI A, Di LISIO V, VENEZIA C, ROSSETTI S. Marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria breakdown poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 749: 141608., articleTitle=Marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria breakdown poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217784609408991975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=906, issue=null, pageStart=167850, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=31, authorNames=HE YH, DENG XL, JIANG L, HAO LJ, SHI Y, LYU MS, ZHANG L, WANG SJ, journalName=Science of the Total Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HE YH, DENG XL, JIANG L, HAO LJ, SHI Y, LYU MS, ZHANG L, WANG SJ. Current advances, challenges and strategies for enhancing the biodegradation of plastic waste[J]. 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A: Agarose gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA gene PCR amplification products (Lane M: DNA molecular weight standard; Lane 1: 16S rRNA gene bands amplified by strain YH-1); B: Phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences (*: Labeled the strain screened; The serial number in brackets is the GenBank accession number of the strain, and the value of 0.005 represents the sequence deviation value; The number on the branch point represents the confidence value)., figureFileSmall=jwVyDaTbiblu8c1UQSu6QA==, figureFileBig=FUabljLvjNroRaAXGs1Lrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602404503951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, language=CN, label=图3, caption=菌株YH-116S rRNA基因电泳及系统发育树。A:16S rRNA PCR扩增产物的琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果(泳道M:DNA分子量标准;泳道1:菌株YH-1扩增所得的16S rRNA条带);B:基于16S rRNA基因序列构建的系统发育树图(*:表示所筛选的菌株;括号内的编号为菌株在GenBank数据库中的登录号,图中0.005的数值表示序列偏差值,分支点上的数字表示置信度数值)。, figureFileSmall=jwVyDaTbiblu8c1UQSu6QA==, figureFileBig=FUabljLvjNroRaAXGs1Lrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602534527376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Effects of different conditions on the growth of strain YH-1. A: Effect of pH on the growth of strain YH-1; B: Effect of temperature on the growth of strain YH-1; C: Effect of salinity on the growth of strain YH-1; D: Effect of incubation time on the growth of strain YH-1., figureFileSmall=JvlBKJZObvKMcGa+ZqJ12Q==, figureFileBig=BdApsx8XJ5i7MwBu6UaHGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602681328025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同条件对菌株YH-1生长的影响。A:pH对菌株YH-1生长的影响;B:温度对菌株YH-1生长的影响;C:盐度对菌株YH-1生长的影响;D:时间对菌株YH-1生长的影响。, figureFileSmall=JvlBKJZObvKMcGa+ZqJ12Q==, figureFileBig=BdApsx8XJ5i7MwBu6UaHGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602836517285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=High performance liquid chromatogram of degradation products of PET particles by strain YH-1 in different degradation time periods., figureFileSmall=uHH4oViX5Rp26fFdpB2KCw==, figureFileBig=4fyiOUZnGZddqutCx3dPGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784602962346413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同降解时间段菌株YH-1PET颗粒降解产物的高效液相色谱图, figureFileSmall=uHH4oViX5Rp26fFdpB2KCw==, figureFileBig=4fyiOUZnGZddqutCx3dPGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784603088175538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Changes in surface functional groups of PET particles before and after treatment with strain YH-1., figureFileSmall=30DatLmzl1CULMnVaT3fyg==, figureFileBig=2FXCqMKav3aDbxitzea8bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784603184644535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, language=CN, label=图6, caption=菌株YH-1处理PET颗粒前后的表面官能团变化, figureFileSmall=30DatLmzl1CULMnVaT3fyg==, figureFileBig=2FXCqMKav3aDbxitzea8bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784603327250878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=SEM images of PET particles under different treatments. A-C: SEM images of untreated PET particles at 500×, 100 000×, and 200 000× magnification, respectively; D-F: SEM images of YH-1 treated PET particles at 500×, 100 000×, and 200 000× magnification, respectively., figureFileSmall=3sPLHpSm98vcjnwYkhhtkQ==, figureFileBig=9V9X9ZrilJUxD7HyjVbqhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784603469857221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同处理下PET颗粒的扫描电镜图。A-C:未经YH-1处理的PET颗粒分别在500×、100 000×和200 000×放大下的SEM图;D-F:经过YH-1处理的PET颗粒分别在500×、100 000×和200 000×放大下的SEM图。, figureFileSmall=3sPLHpSm98vcjnwYkhhtkQ==, figureFileBig=9V9X9ZrilJUxD7HyjVbqhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784603604074951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=SEM images of PET films under different treatments. A-C: SEM images of untreated PET films at 500×, 100 000×, and 200 000× magnification, respectively; D-F: SEM images of YH-1 treated PET films at 500×, 100 000×, and 200 000× magnification, respectively., figureFileSmall=n4PXhB2ceTBcNQl/0Hq+5Q==, figureFileBig=Wb9ytgFuxa2p+/qR+0kP4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784603734098383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同处理下PET薄膜的扫描电镜图。A-C:未经YH-1处理的PET薄膜分别在500×、100 000×和200 000×放大下的SEM图;D-F:经过YH-1处理的PET薄膜分别在500×、100 000×和200 000×放大下的SEM图。, figureFileSmall=n4PXhB2ceTBcNQl/0Hq+5Q==, figureFileBig=Wb9ytgFuxa2p+/qR+0kP4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784603851538904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Contact angle changes of PET films before and after YH-1 treatment., figureFileSmall=yAAlUsyCJSVH+acmM7SwDw==, figureFileBig=Pi50KTSKHCG+nugEqPuCfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784603956396511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, language=CN, label=图9, caption=菌株YH-1处理PET薄膜前后的接触角变化, figureFileSmall=yAAlUsyCJSVH+acmM7SwDw==, figureFileBig=Pi50KTSKHCG+nugEqPuCfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217784604090614245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

PET degrading microorganisms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

菌株

Strain

底物

Substrate

降解程度

Degree of degradation (%)

降解时间

Time of degradation (d)

参考文献

References

Priestia aryabhattaiPET powder69.018[10]
Bacillus pseudomycoidesPET powder66.018
Bacillus pumilusPET powder64.018
Microsphaeropsis arundinisPET powder3.014[11]
Microbacterium oleovoransPET particle1.05[12]
Bacillus cereusPET granular6.640[13]
Bacillus gottheiliPET granular3.040
Ideonella sakaiensisPET films99.042[3]
Penicillium simplicissimumPC-PET3.128[9]
Aspergillus fumigatusPET bottles22.042[14]
), ArticleFig(id=1217784604166111726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

可降解PET的微生物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

菌株

Strain

底物

Substrate

降解程度

Degree of degradation (%)

降解时间

Time of degradation (d)

参考文献

References

Priestia aryabhattaiPET powder69.018[10]
Bacillus pseudomycoidesPET powder66.018
Bacillus pumilusPET powder64.018
Microsphaeropsis arundinisPET powder3.014[11]
Microbacterium oleovoransPET particle1.05[12]
Bacillus cereusPET granular6.640[13]
Bacillus gottheiliPET granular3.040
Ideonella sakaiensisPET films99.042[3]
Penicillium simplicissimumPC-PET3.128[9]
Aspergillus fumigatusPET bottles22.042[14]
), ArticleFig(id=1217784604262580724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain YH-1

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

项目

Test item

YH-1

项目

Test item

YH-1
革兰氏染色+硫化氢-
Gram stainingHydrogen sulfide (H2S) production
V-P-甘露醇-
Voges-Proskauer (V-P) testMannitol fermentation
甲基红-葡萄糖+
Methyl red testGlucose fermentation
接触酶+甘油-
Catalase activityGlycerol utilization
氧化酶-明胶+
Oxidase activityGelatin hydrolysis
脲酶-木糖+
Urease activityXylose fermentation
尿素-阿拉伯糖-
Urea hydrolysisArabinose fermentation
硝酸盐(还原)+乳糖-
Nitrate reductionLactose fermentation
), ArticleFig(id=1217784604380021243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

菌株YH-1生理生化特性结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

项目

Test item

YH-1

项目

Test item

YH-1
革兰氏染色+硫化氢-
Gram stainingHydrogen sulfide (H2S) production
V-P-甘露醇-
Voges-Proskauer (V-P) testMannitol fermentation
甲基红-葡萄糖+
Methyl red testGlucose fermentation
接触酶+甘油-
Catalase activityGlycerol utilization
氧化酶-明胶+
Oxidase activityGelatin hydrolysis
脲酶-木糖+
Urease activityXylose fermentation
尿素-阿拉伯糖-
Urea hydrolysisArabinose fermentation
硝酸盐(还原)+乳糖-
Nitrate reductionLactose fermentation
), ArticleFig(id=1217784604480684540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Quality changes of PET films after 6-day treatment with strain YH-1

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Parameter

初始质量

Initial weight (mg)

6 d后质量

6 d weight (mg)

失重率

Weight loss rate (%)

Sample 1201.01197.561.72
Sample 2200.73197.361.68
Sample 3202.77198.911.90
Mean±SD201.50±1.06197.94±0.841.77±0.12
), ArticleFig(id=1217784604598125063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1204800728243085786, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

YH-1菌株作用6 dPET薄膜质量变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指标

Parameter

初始质量

Initial weight (mg)

6 d后质量

6 d weight (mg)

失重率

Weight loss rate (%)

Sample 1201.01197.561.72
Sample 2200.73197.361.68
Sample 3202.77198.911.90
Mean±SD201.50±1.06197.94±0.841.77±0.12
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一株聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯降解菌的筛选鉴定及降解特性
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俞静波 , 黄莉蓉 , 刘佳文 , 王宇梅 , 魏粤昊 , 何跃辉 , 张磊 *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(12): 5438-5451
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(12): 5438-5451
一株聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯降解菌的筛选鉴定及降解特性
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俞静波, 黄莉蓉, 刘佳文, 王宇梅, 魏粤昊, 何跃辉, 张磊*
作者信息
  • 江苏海洋大学 海洋食品与生物工程学院,江苏 连云港
Screening, identification, and degradation characterization of a polyethylene terephthalate-degrading bacterium
Jingbo YU, Lirong HUANG, Jiawen LIU, Yumei WANG, Yuehao WEI, Yuehui HE, Lei ZHANG*
Affiliations
  • School of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
出版时间: 2025-12-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250384
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目的 针对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate, PET)塑料在环境中造成的污染问题,筛选具备PET降解能力的功能菌株,分析其生长特性与降解能力,为PET废弃物的生物修复提供理论依据和菌种资源支持。 方法 从垃圾填埋场周边土壤样品中分离筛选可降解PET的菌株,通过形态学观察、生理生化测试以及16S rRNA基因序列分析对菌株进行鉴定。采用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR)和水接触角(water contact angle, WCA)测试分析PET薄膜降解前后的表面形貌与官能团变化,并通过高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)检测降解产物的种类和含量。 结果 成功筛选获得一株PET降解菌YH-1,经16S rRNA基因分析鉴定为纤维微菌属(Cellulosimicrobium sp.) YH-1。该菌株的最适生长条件为温度35 ℃、pH 7.0、盐度1%,且在pH 6.0-10.0及盐度1%-4%范围内均表现出良好的生长能力。降解实验结果显示,菌株YH-1培养6 d后可实现1.90%的PET失重率。HPLC分析结果表明,降解产物中对苯二甲酸(terephthalic acid, TPA)和双(2-羟乙基)对苯二甲酸酯[bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, BHET]含量分别为3.87 mg/L和4.70 mg/L。SEM观察显示,降解后的PET膜表面出现明显裂痕和粗糙结构;FTIR检测显示其官能团发生变化;WCA测试结果显示其水接触角由79.385°降至65.052°,表明薄膜亲水性显著增强。 结论 菌株YH-1具有良好的环境适应能力和一定的PET降解潜力,能够破坏PET膜表面结构并产生典型降解产物,为后续PET生物降解菌资源的开发和降解机制研究提供了理论基础和技术支持。

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)  /  分级筛选  /  生物降解  /  纤维微菌属

Objective To address the environmental pollution caused by polyethylene terephthalate (PET), we screened functional bacterial strains capable of degrading PET and analyzed their growth and degradation characteristics, aiming to provide theoretical support and microbial resources for PET bioremediation. Methods Bacterial strains capable of degrading PET were isolated from the soil samples collected around a landfill site. The selected strain was identified based on morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The surface morphology and chemical group changes of PET films before and after degradation were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. The types and concentrations of degradation products were quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results A PET-degrading strain, designated YH-1, was successfully isolated and identified as a member of the Cellulosimicrobium sp. genus based on 16S rRNA analysis. The optimal growth conditions for strain YH-1 were 35 °C, pH 7.0, and 1% salinity, and the strain exhibited robust growth within the ranges of pH 6.0-10.0 and 1%-4% salinity. After 6 days of incubation, YH-1 achieved a PET weight loss rate of 1.90%. HPLC revealed that terephthalic acid (TPA) and bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) were the main degradation products, with concentrations of 3.87 mg/L and 4.70 mg/L, respectively. SEM images showed obvious surface roughening and cracking of the PET film after degradation, while FTIR revealed changes in functional groups. WCA measurements showed a reduction in contact angle from 79.385° to 65.052°, indicating enhanced hydrophilicity of the degraded PET film surface. Conclusion Strain YH-1 demonstrates good environmental adaptability and PET degradation potential. It can disrupt the PET film surface and generate typical degradation products. The findings lay a foundation for further development of PET-degrading microbial resources and exploration of degradation mechanisms.

polyethylene terephthalate (PET)  /  stepwise screening  /  biodegradation  /  Cellulosimicrobium
俞静波, 黄莉蓉, 刘佳文, 王宇梅, 魏粤昊, 何跃辉, 张磊. 一株聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯降解菌的筛选鉴定及降解特性. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (12) : 5438 -5451 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250384
Jingbo YU, Lirong HUANG, Jiawen LIU, Yumei WANG, Yuehao WEI, Yuehui HE, Lei ZHANG. Screening, identification, and degradation characterization of a polyethylene terephthalate-degrading bacterium[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (12) : 5438 -5451 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250384
随着全球塑料产量的持续增长,塑料污染问题日益严峻[1]。聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate, PET)因其具备优良的物理化学性能,在食品包装、饮料瓶、纤维材料等领域得到广泛应用[2]。然而,PET分子结构中的酯键稳定,致使PET在自然环境中极难降解[3],进而造成长期的环境累积与“白色污染”问题。传统物理回收与化学降解方法普遍存在能耗高、效率低以及二次污染等弊端,难以满足绿色可持续发展的需求[4-5]
与传统回收技术相比,生物降解法具有温和、高效、环境友好等显著优势[6-7]。因此PET塑料废物的生物降解已成为当前研究的一个重点方向。近年来,研究者从土壤、堆肥、海洋等自然环境中分离获得了多种具备降解PET能力的微生物,例如蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)[6]、尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)[8]和青霉菌(Penicillium simplicissimum)[9]等。表1列出了几种目前已发现的可降解PET塑料的微生物种类及其降解性能。这些研究数据均来源于经同行评议的期刊文献,实验条件明确、数据可重复,具有良好的科学可靠性。例如,Ideonella sakaiensis由Yoshida等首次报道,显示出极高的PET膜降解效率[3]。又如阿氏普里斯特氏菌(Priestia aryabhattai)[10]、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)[13]、烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)[14]等菌株的降解数据则来自近年发表在环境微生物、工业生物技术等领域的研究论文,相关实验均基于标准PET底物并在可控条件下开展,具有较强的参考价值与代表性。这些结果不仅验证了微生物降解PET的可行性,也为后续生物降解技术的开发提供了实验基础和菌种资源。这些微生物通常能够附着于PET塑料表面并启动降解过程,利用其分泌的水解酶(如脂肪酶、酯酶或角质酶)分解聚合物链[7],例如酒井艾德昂菌(Ideonella sakaiensis)及其分泌的PETase和MHETase等[3,15]。在酶催化水解过程中,PET首先被分解为中间产物,如双(2-羟乙基)对苯二甲酸酯(bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, BHET)和2-羟乙基对苯二甲酸酯(mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, MHET),最终转化为对苯二甲酸(terephthalic acid, TPA)和乙二醇(ethylene glycol, EG)[16-17]。这种方式不仅实现了塑料的生物降解,也具备较高的资源回收潜力[18]。通过这种方式,微生物能够将PET塑料作为碳源或能量来源支持其生长和代谢活动。
尽管目前已有部分PET降解菌被发现,但其降解效率和环境适应性仍存在提升空间。因此,进一步筛选具备高效降解能力的新型菌株对推动PET生物降解技术的应用具有重要意义[19]
本研究以垃圾填埋场周边土壤为样本来源,筛选获得一株具备PET降解能力的菌株YH-1,通过形态学、生理生化、分子生物学方法进行鉴定,并结合扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR)、水接触角(water contact angle, WCA)测试和高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)对其降解特性进行分析,以期为塑料的绿色降解与资源化处理提供理论支持。
采集垃圾填埋场周围的土壤样品,用 200目筛子过筛。随后,将过筛后的样品装入自封袋密封,贴上标签并记录保存日期,置于4 ℃冰箱中冷藏备用。
酵母粉、胰蛋白胨、氯化钠、硫酸铵、磷酸二氢钾、硝酸钾、七水合硫酸亚铁、七水合硫酸镁、七水合硫酸锌、一水合硫酸锰、磷酸氢二钾、二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO)、甲醇、乙酸乙酯、对苯二甲酸(TPA)、2-羟乙基对苯二甲酸酯(MHET)、双(2-羟乙基)对苯二甲酸酯(BHET)多聚体,阿拉丁试剂(上海)有限公司;PET颗粒(200目),深圳市宝安区兴旺塑胶原料厂;工业级纯PET薄膜,天台锦财电子商务有限公司(产品说明书确认未添加增塑剂、稳定剂及其他助剂);DNA提取试剂盒、PCR Mix,生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;生理生化试剂管,杭州滨和微生物试剂有限公司;革兰氏染色试剂盒,北京索莱宝科技有限公司。
电子天平,上海佑科仪器仪表有限公司;涡旋混匀器,苏州捷美电子有限公司;立式压力蒸汽灭菌器,上海博迅医疗生物仪器股份有限公司;生化培养箱,常州兆圣实验设备制造有限公司;恒温摇床,Bluepard公司;全波长酶标仪、超纯水仪、高效液相色谱仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,ThermoFisher Scientific公司;小型离心机,Eppendorf公司;超净工作台,益世科(上海)企业发展有限公司;PCR仪,Bio-Rad公司;扫描电子显微镜,Zeiss公司;水接触角分析仪,昆山晟鼎工业智能科技有限公司。
LB培养基(g/L):胰蛋白胨10.0,酵母粉5.0,NaCl 10.0,用超纯水配制,pH 7.0。
无机盐液体培养基(g/L):(NH4)2SO4 1.000,ZnSO4·7H2O 0.002,K2HPO4 0.700, MgSO4·7H2O 0.700,NaCl 0.005,FeSO4·7H2O 0.002,KH2PO4 0.700,MnSO4·H2O 0.001,用超纯水配制,pH 7.0。
筛选液体培养基(g/L):(NH4)2SO4 1.000,ZnSO4·7H2O 0.002,K2HPO4 0.700, MnSO4·H2O 0.001,MgSO4·7H2O 0.700,NaCl 0.005,FeSO4·7H2O 0.002,KH2PO4 0.700,PET颗粒(200目),用超纯水配制,pH 7.0。
筛选固体培养基(g/L):(NH4)2SO4 1.000,ZnSO4·7H2O 0.002,K2HPO4 0.700,MnSO4·H2O 0.001,MgSO4·7H2O 0.700,NaCl 0.005,FeSO4·7H2O 0.002,KH2PO4 0.700,PET颗粒(200目),琼脂20,用超纯水配制,pH 7.0。
取自垃圾填埋场周围的土壤样品10 g,接种于100 mL含PET筛选液体培养基中,35 ℃、180 r/min培养6 d,继代5轮。最终培养液经10-1-10-5梯度稀释后,分别取200 μL接种于含PET固体培养基上,37 ℃培养3-6 d后依据菌落形态进行初筛,挑选出5株优势菌株在筛选固体培养基上反复纯化3次备用。将5株初筛菌株于LB液体培养基中35 ℃、180 r/min培养12-18 h后,PBS洗涤3次,按15%接种量加入含1 cm×1 cm PET薄膜的无机盐培养基中,35 ℃、180 r/min条件下培养6 d。以无菌液为对照,测定PET薄膜质量损失,选取降解能力显著的菌株进入后续实验。
采用三区划线及点板接种法将菌株YH-1接种于LB固体培养基,在37 ℃条件下培养24 h,观察并记录形成的单菌落形态特征。取16 h培养的菌液1 mL,12 000×g离心5 min后弃上清,用PBS缓冲液洗涤菌体2-3次。将菌体置于2.5%戊二醛固定液中,于4 ℃条件下固定4 h以上。再次离心并洗涤后,采用50%、70%、80%、90%、100%梯度乙醇依次脱水,每级10 min。脱水后样品放置于真空干燥箱中,于45 ℃条件下干燥12 h。使用SEM观察菌体形态。参考《常见细菌系统鉴定手册》[20],挑取单个菌落接种于生化反应管中,在37 ℃条件下培养24 h后根据试剂说明判断各项反应结果的阳性或阴性。
使用通用引物27F和1492R对菌株YH-1的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,PCR反应和测序由上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司完成。通过NCBI平台的BLAST工具(https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)进行同源性比对。采用MEGA 7.0软件的邻接(neighbor-joining)法构建系统发育树。
将菌株YH-1接种于LB液体培养基中,35 ℃、180 r/min培养12-18 h后,用无菌0.9% NaCl溶液洗涤菌体3次,制备成OD600=1.0的菌悬液,用于后续实验。
将制备好的菌悬液以1%接种量分别接入初始pH为3.0-11.0的LB液体培养基,缓冲体系分别为HCl、MES、PIPES、HEPES、Tris-HCl、NaOH,设置3组平行,于35 ℃、180 r/min条件下培养24 h,每隔一定时间检测OD600值,绘制生长曲线。在最适pH条件下将菌液分别接入20、25、30、35、40、45 ℃的LB液体培养基中,培养方式同上,比较不同温度下的生长差异。此外,为评估盐度对其生长的影响,将菌液分别接入含有1%、2%、3%、4%、5%、10%、15%、20% NaCl的LB培养基中,在相同条件下培养24 h,测定OD600
OD600=1.0的菌悬液以15%接种量接入100 mL含有无菌PET颗粒(2 g/L)或PET薄膜(1 cm×1 cm)的无机盐培养基中,设3组平行组和未接菌对照组,在35 ℃、180 r/min条件下培养3-6 d,每隔24 h测定OD600以描绘生长曲线。
使用DMSO配制TPA、MHET和BHET的标准溶液(浓度范围0.2-1.2 mg/mL),经0.22 μm滤膜过滤。
分别于第3天和第6天取接种与未接种菌株的无机盐培养液(100 mL),4 ℃、8 000 r/min离心10 min去除菌体,上清液用2.0 mol/L HCl调pH至2.0,采用乙酸乙酯提取1次。收集有机相,旋蒸浓缩后残渣溶于5 mL甲醇中,并经0.22 μm滤膜过滤后进样分析。
使用Agilent TC-C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,流动相为60%甲醇+40% 20 mmol/L KH2PO4,柱温35 ℃,流速0.5 mL/min,进样体积5 μL,检测波长240 nm。
用去离子水反复清洗菌株YH-1处理后的PET颗粒2-3次;再用1% SDS溶液清洗2-3次,并超声30 min;超声完毕后,用20%无水乙醇浸泡清洗3-5次;最后使用烘箱(45 ℃,12 h)将清洗好的PET颗粒烘干。待完全干燥后,使用溴化钾进行压片处理,采用FTIR对PET颗粒表面的官能团结构变化进行表征与分析。
将室内温度控制在15-25 ℃,湿度保持在60%以下,以确保设备稳定性。接着启动设备并预热30 min,确保仪器达到最佳工作状态。随后运行OMNIC软件进行设置和操作。将预处理后的样品准确放置于样品池中开始信号扫描以采集数据。
样品处理详见1.7.2节,待完全干燥后测量PET薄膜的失重率。
样品制备详见1.7.2节,待完全干燥后,将PET颗粒或薄膜固定喷金后在扫描电子显微镜下观察其微观形貌变化。
将少量颗粒或薄膜样品直接贴附于导电胶表面,使用溅射镀膜仪在10 mA电流下进行喷金处理45 s。随后采用SEM对样品形貌进行观察,设置加速电压为3 kV,选用SE2二次电子探测器进行成像。
样品处理详见1.7.2节,待完全干燥后,将PET薄膜进行水接触角分析以观察其疏水性的变化。
使用接触角测量仪进行水接触角测量,将10 μL超纯水滴入PET薄膜表面,并使用Young-Laplace方程拟合进行角度的测量,分析每片膜的3个位置以提高实验结果的可靠性。
将初筛得到的5株菌按照1.4节方法进行复筛。如图1所示,经过6 d的培养后,与对照组相比,菌株A使PET薄膜产生了约0.79%的质量损失,菌株B使PE薄膜产生了约1.08%的质量损失,菌株C使PET薄膜产生了约0.76%的质量损失,菌株E使PET薄膜产生了约0.92%的质量损失。相比之下,PET薄膜在菌株YH-1的作用下产生了更明显的质量损失,约为1.78%。因此最终选择菌株YH-1进行进一步研究。
菌株YH-1的菌落在LB琼脂板上呈淡黄色、圆形、不透明,边缘平整,中间凸起,易于挑取(图2A);菌落直径为2-3 mm (图2B); SEM图像显示该菌株细胞形态呈细长杆状,两端呈钝圆形,且无荚膜、无芽孢(图2C)。
提取菌株YH-1的基因组DNA后,使用通用引物对其16S rRNA基因区域进行PCR扩增,并通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳对所得产物进行分析。如图3A所示,得到的PCR扩增片段大小约为1 500 bp。将获得的YH-1基因序列与数据库中的已知序列通过BLAST进行比对分析,结果表明菌株YH-1属于Cellulosimicrobium属。为了进一步分析YH-1的亲缘关系,使用MEGA 7.0软件对与YH-1关系密切的其他菌株进行序列比较,并应用邻接(neighbor-joining)法构建系统发育树。系统发育树的结果表明,菌株YH-1与Cellulosimicrobium cellulans的亲缘关系较为密切,一致性为99.93% (见图3B)。
通过观察各生理生化试剂管的颜色反应,并结合说明书要求判断其反应特征,相关结果见表2。菌株YH-1具备纤维化纤维微菌的基本特征,如接触酶阳性、硝酸盐还原阳性、水解明胶等,与石云雷等[21]所述结果基本一致。
在不同pH梯度条件下菌株YH-1培养24 h的结果如图4A所示。结果表明,菌株YH-1在pH 5.0-10.0之间均能正常生长,表明其对酸性和碱性环境均具有较强的耐受性。在pH 6.0-8.0范围内菌株YH-1生长状况较好,其中在pH 7.0时表现出最佳生长状态。然而,在pH为3.0、4.0和11.0时菌株几乎未生长,显示出在极端酸性和碱性条件下的生长受到抑制。
在不同温度梯度条件下,菌株YH-1培养24 h的结果如图4B所示。结果表明,菌株YH-1在温度为20-40 ℃之间均能正常生长,且在温度为35 ℃时表现出最佳生长状态。虽然YH-1在温度为45 ℃时不能正常生长,但与40 ℃时的生长速率相比,YH-1在20 ℃和25 ℃时生长速率较为缓慢,因此YH-1具有良好的耐热性。
在不同盐度梯度条件下,菌株YH-1培养24 h的结果如图4C所示。结果表明,菌株YH-1在盐度为1%-3%时生长情况良好,且在盐度为1%时生长情况最佳。菌株YH-1在盐度为4%和5%时生长明显受到抑制。在盐度为10%-20%时菌株几乎不生长。
OD600值是指菌液样品在600 nm波长处的光吸收值,即菌液的比浊度。其大小与菌液浓度成正比,且与透过率成反比。在实验中通常通过测量OD600的变化来反映细菌生长的动态变化。如图4D所示,在0-4 h内菌株YH-1处于延滞期,尚未出现显著的细胞增殖。随后,4-16 h为对数生长期,此时菌株生长速率较快,细菌数量急剧增加。18-28 h,菌株生长速率开始减缓,进入稳定期,菌体浓度趋于稳定。30 h之后,菌株进入衰亡期,生长速率明显下降。
图5所示,在菌株YH-1作用于PET颗粒3 d和6 d后,对上清液进行分析时检测到TPA、MHET及BHET的特征吸收峰(分别在5.35、5.91和8.25 min处),表明菌株YH-1能够将部分PET降解为这些产物。随着降解时间的延长,反应液中TPA和MHET的含量明显增加,其中TPA的含量由1.16 mg/L增至3.87 mg/L,MHET的含量由2.07 mg/L增至4.70 mg/L;而BHET的含量则较低,其含量由0.04 mg/L增至0.10 mg/L。这一现象与顾冷涛[22]的研究结果相似,进一步验证了菌株YH-1在PET降解过程中的有效性和潜力。
PET作为一种聚酯,具有独特的官能团特征。如图6所示,在1 730 cm-1附近出现的强特征峰归因于酯类基团中羰基(C=O)键的伸缩振动,这是PET结构中的关键官能团[23]。此外,在1 260 cm-1和1 098 cm-1附近的特征峰则对应于烷氧基(C-O)键的伸缩振动。随着降解时间的延长,羰基特征峰(C=O,约1 730 cm-1)的强度逐渐减弱;同样地,烷氧基吸收峰(C-O,约1 260 cm-1和1 098 cm-1)也呈现出递减趋势。上述变化表明,羰基和烷氧基等关键官能团在降解过程中被破坏,进而导致PET主链断裂,使其转化为可溶性的单体产物[24]
对经YH-1处理前后的PET颗粒样品进行SEM观察以分析其表面形貌变化。如图7所示,未经处理的PET颗粒表面较为平滑且平整;而经YH-1处理后其表面发生明显侵蚀,呈现出粗糙且不规则的外貌特征。与顾冷涛[22]的研究相比,其粗糙程度更为明显,这表明菌株YH-1对PET表面具有显著的降解作用。
王宏阳[25]筛选并鉴定的睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌在降解PET纤维时其失重率仅为0.41%。顾冷涛等[12]报道的微杆菌属菌株JWG-G2对PET颗粒的降解失重率也仅为1%。经菌株YH-1处理后,PET薄膜的质量最大减少3.86 mg,对应的失重率达到1.90% (表3)。相比之下,菌株YH-1对PET薄膜的降解具有显著效果,其降解能力优于部分已报道的微生物[12,25]
对经YH-1处理前后的PET薄膜样品进行SEM观察以分析其表面形貌变化。如图8A-8C所示,未经菌株YH-1处理的PET薄膜表面整体平整且光洁,未见明显粗糙痕迹。经过菌株YH-1处理后的PET薄膜其表面变得粗糙、不规则,且出现了少量裂痕(图8D-8F)。这可能是由于菌体附着在薄膜表面,通过分泌胞外酶作用于PET中的酯键导致其断裂和降解,从而改变了薄膜的表面形态。
通过WCA分析研究了PET薄膜表面降解的影响,即成分和粗糙度的变化。如图9所示,对照组的θ为(79.385±0.743)°。相反,通过YH-1处理后的PET薄膜的接触角明显减小至(65.052±0.254)°,表明亲水性增加。亲水性的增强很可能是由于微生物催化形成的极性官能团(如羟基和羧基)和表面粗糙度的增加[26]
随着经济持续增长,塑料的使用量不断攀升,导致大量塑料废弃物产生。在这些废弃物中,PET塑料约占60%,每年大量PET废弃物被随意倾倒于土壤和水体中,引发了严峻的环境污染问题[22]。由于这些废弃物在水体和土壤中长期留存,且数十年内难以自然降解[27],不仅破坏了生态环境和城市景观,还可能滋生病菌、影响土壤质量,进一步加剧环境污染。与传统的物理方法和化学方法相比,生物方法处理PET塑料废物具有成本低、绿色清洁无污染、可持续等优点。该方法不仅不会对环境造成二次污染,还能促进经济发展。因此PET塑料废物的生物降解已成为当前研究的重点方向。有效选育PET降解菌,深入开展PET微生物降解特性研究,可为PET生物降解技术的突破提供基础资源和方法学支持,同时为保护人类生态环境作出积极贡献。
本研究从垃圾填埋场周边土壤中筛选获得一株具有PET降解能力的菌株YH-1。经16S rRNA基因测序及BLAST比对分析,鉴定其隶属于Cellulosimicrobium sp.。目前,关于该属微生物降解PET的研究报道较少,本研究拓展了Cellulosimicrobium sp.在塑料生物降解领域的应用范围。为进一步提升其降解潜力,本研究优化了菌株YH-1的生长条件。结果表明,菌株YH-1在温度35 ℃、pH 7.0及1%盐度条件下生长状况最佳,在pH 6.0-10.0及盐度1%-4%的范围内也能良好生长,显示出较强的环境适应能力。这种较宽的生长适应范围为其在复杂环境中降解PET提供了潜在优势。
PET作为一种芳香族聚酯,结构稳定,降解难度较大[12]。在本研究设定的条件下,YH-1在6 d内可实现1.90%的PET失重率,初步验证其具有一定的降解能力。与已有报道相比,该降解效率虽不高,但考虑到菌株未经诱导物优化或协同酶作用,仍具有进一步开发价值。目前已有研究报道了多个PET降解微生物,其中Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6菌株可在42 d内实现99.0%的PET膜降解率,被认为是效率最高的代表性菌株之一[3]。此外,如Priestia aryabhattai VT 3.12与Bacillus pumilus VT 3.16等菌株在30 ℃下培养18 d的降解率也可达64.0%-69.0%[10]。然而,这类研究普遍存在周期较长、菌株环境适应性弱或缺乏降解产物分析等局限。相比之下,本研究中的YH-1菌株虽降解率较低,但培养周期短(6 d)且适应性强,在复杂环境中具有更广泛的应用潜力。为验证其降解作用的具体表现,本研究通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察降解前后PET薄膜表面形貌。PET塑料在降解过程中其表面结构会发生明显变化,这些现象可以通过使用SEM进行定性评估。Taniguchi等[17]通过SEM表明,使用Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6菌株处理PET薄膜时与未处理对照组相比会出现劣化痕迹。本研究结果发现,处理后薄膜表面出现粗糙化、裂痕及凹陷等明显变化,证明YH-1能够破坏PET表面结构。此外,傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)结果显示,降解后PET薄膜中羧基、酯基等特征官能团的吸收峰发生显著变化,推测其降解机制主要涉及酯键的断裂过程。
为进一步明确降解产物的形成情况,本研究采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)对降解液中小分子产物进行定量分析。结果显示,反应体系中TPA和MHET含量随时间显著升高,最终分别达到3.87 mg/L和4.70 mg/L,表明菌株YH-1具备将PET水解为主要中间产物的能力,推测其可能分泌类似PETase或酯酶类水解酶参与该过程。水接触角(WCA)测试进一步佐证了PET膜表面性质的变化,降解后亲水性显著增强,说明表面极性官能团增多,符合PET降解后酯键断裂并暴露羧基的特征,证实了菌株YH-1对PET的降解能力。值得强调的是,本研究系统地将SEM、FTIR、WCA与HPLC结合用于评价Cellulosimicrobium sp.对PET的降解效果,为塑料降解机制提供了多维度支撑。特别是对TPA和BHET产物的定量识别,为后续探索资源化路径(如合成PHA或BTX)奠定了基础。
本研究报道了Cellulosimicrobium sp.YH-1具备一定的PET降解能力。该菌株在中性至碱性条件及中低盐环境下生长性能良好,适宜在自然环境中应用。结合形貌、电性、化学键及产物的多方面分析,验证其可通过多途径实现对PET的初步降解。后续研究可进一步围绕其降解酶(如潜在PETase或酯酶)的分离纯化、结构功能分析以及基因组层面的功能挖掘,构建表达平台并进行酶工程优化,从而提升其降解效率与工业化应用潜力,为塑料污染的生物治理提供理论基础与微生物资源支持。下一步研究将围绕菌株YH-1系统开展PET颗粒及微塑料等多种形态PET材料的降解性能评价与机制解析,进一步拓展其应用潜力。
俞静波:实验及论文撰写;黄莉蓉:设计整体实验;刘佳文:协助实验操作;王宇梅:数据处理;魏粤昊:提供技术支持;何跃辉:论文修改和润色;张磊:课题的全局指导。
作者声明不存在任何可能会影响本文所报告工作的已知经济利益或个人关系。
  • 江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究面上项目(23KJB180006)
  • 江苏省海洋资源开发技术创新中心科技计划(LWJJ-10)
  • 江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划(SJCX24_2085)
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2025年第65卷第12期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250384
  • 接收时间:2025-05-13
  • 首发时间:2025-12-08
  • 出版时间:2025-12-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-13
  • 录用日期:2025-08-01
基金
General Program of Basic Science (Natural Science) Research in Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(23KJB180006)
江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究面上项目(23KJB180006)
Science and Technology Program of Jiangsu Marine Resources Development and Innovation Center(LWJJ-10)
江苏省海洋资源开发技术创新中心科技计划(LWJJ-10)
Jiangsu Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program(SJCX24_2085)
江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划(SJCX24_2085)
作者信息
    江苏海洋大学 海洋食品与生物工程学院,江苏 连云港

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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