Article(id=1194684382872052128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1194684377813717012, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250285, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1743955200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1749225600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-06-07, onlineDate=1762764553039, onlineDateStr=2025-11-10, pubDate=1762185600000, pubDateStr=2025-11-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762764553039, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762764553039, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762764553039, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1194684377813717012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='11', pageStart='4721', pageEnd='5182', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762764551833, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762764551833, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4961, endPage=4977, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1194684383052407201, articleId=1194684382872052128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Assessment of antibiotic resistance and transmission characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes in bovine-derived
Proteus mirabilis from Zhejiang, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective As a zoonotic pathogen, Proteus mirabilis poses a serious challenge to public health due to its multi-antibiotic resistance and the synergistic effect of virulence genes. To characterize the antibiotic resistance transmission of bacteria in the food chain in Zhejiang Province, this study systematically monitored the antibiotic resistance phenotypes and genes of isolates from cattle slaughterhouses and farmers’ markets, and analyzed the distribution differences of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), virulence genes (VGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Methods A total of 384 samples (feces, carcasses, environment, etc.) were collected from cattle slaughterhouses and farmers’ markets, and the strains were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Twenty ARGs and 10 VGs were detected by the K-B disc diffusion method and PCR, and the ARGs and VGs carried by P. mirabilis were analyzed. The ARG clusters were analyzed by sequencing of integron gene cassettes, and the co-occurrence network of ARGs, VGs, and MGEs was constructed. Subsequently, conjugative transfer experiments were carried out to explore the horizontal transmission potential of ARGs. Results A total of 101 strains of P. mirabilis were isolated, with the total isolation rate of 26.30%. The isolation rate of strains from slaughterhouses (33.85%) was significantly higher than that from farmers’ markets (18.75%). The resistance rates to ceftriaxone sodium, amoxicillin, and erythromycin were all over 90.00%. Among the ARGs, blaTEM (89.09%), sul1 (77.71%), and tetA (63.29%) had the highest detection rates, and the distribution of ARGs in slaughterhouses was more complex. The VGs fliL (92.08%) and zapA (80.20%) were highly expressed in the isolates, which suggested potential pathogenicity. The detection rate of integrons in slaughterhouses was significantly higher than that in farmers’ markets, and PCR amplification results showed that there were a variety of ARGs, including aminoglycoside and trimethoprim resistance genes. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that ARGs, VGs, and MGEs had significantly positive correlations, and type I integron (intI1) was the hub gene. Conjugative transfer experiments confirmed that blaTEM could be transmitted across species via horizontal transmission. Conclusion Compared with farmers’ markets, slaughterhouses are key nodes in the spread of antibiotic resistance due to the antibiotic exposure pressure, high organism density, and rich mobile components. The findings emphasize the importance of strengthening antibiotic management and monitoring the transmission chain of ARGs, providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of antibiotic resistance under the framework of “One Health”.
, correspAuthors=Daofeng QU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shanshan CHU, Yan CHEN, Zhuoqun XU, Jie ZHOU, Keyu LI, Jianzhong HAN, Daofeng QU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1194684870795436229, articleId=1194684382872052128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=浙江地区牛源奇异变形杆菌耐药性评估与耐药基因传播特征, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 奇异变形杆菌作为一种人畜共患病原菌,其多重耐药性与毒力基因的协同作用对公共卫生安全构成了严峻挑战。为评估浙江省食品链中细菌耐药性的传播特征,本研究通过系统监测牛屠宰场与农贸市场分离株的耐药表型及基因特征,解析其耐药基因(antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs)、毒力基因(virulence genes, VGs)及可移动遗传元件(mobile genetic elements, MGEs)的分布差异。 方法 采集牛屠宰场和农贸市场的384份样本(包括粪便、胴体、环境等),利用16S rRNA基因测序鉴定菌株,结合K-B法药敏实验、PCR技术检测20种耐药基因及10种毒力基因,分析奇异变形杆菌的耐药与毒力基因携带情况。使用整合子基因盒测序解析耐药基因簇,并构建ARGs、VGs与MGEs的共现网络图。通过接合转移实验探究耐药基因的水平传播潜力。 结果 共分离出101株奇异变形杆菌(总分离率为26.30%),其中屠宰场的分离率(33.85%)显著高于农贸市场(18.75%)。耐药表型显示,头孢曲松钠、阿莫西林和红霉素的耐药率均超过90.00%。在耐药基因中,blaTEM(89.09%)、sul1 (77.71%)和tetA (63.29%)的检出率最高,且屠宰场的耐药基因分布更为复杂。毒力基因fliL (92.08%)和zapA (80.20%)高表达,提示其具有潜在致病性。整合子在屠宰场的检出率显著高于农贸市场,PCR扩增结果表明其存在多种耐药基因,其中包括氨基糖苷类和甲氧苄胺嘧啶类耐药基因。共现网络分析表明,ARGs、VGs与MGEs呈正相关,I型整合子(intI1)为核心枢纽基因。接合实验证实,blaTEM可通过水平转移实现跨菌种传播。 结论 与菜市场相比,屠宰场因抗生素暴露压力大、生物密度高以及可移动元件富集成为耐药性传播的关键节点。本研究强调了加强抗生素管理、监测耐药基因传播链的重要性,为“同一健康(One Health)”框架下的耐药性防控提供了科学依据。
, correspAuthors=曲道峰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=U773s8ZOI/iVrzNMDBoTAQ==, magXml=b19fm6wtanExT8wRJowJ/A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=TUXoN/FUFWYSqp2sKLD3hA==, pdfFileSize=2045902, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=2VrwGnpueIZWK78iOcYFlg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=07iI722vayrS+SiF6MtDnA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=储珊珊, 陈燕, 徐卓群, 周洁, 李科昱, 韩剑众, 曲道峰)}, authors=[Author(id=1194980478630478619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, 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Number of isolates of Proteus mirabilis in different sample types., figureFileSmall=ktx+YK3Ps2JUW1k7i9wTZg==, figureFileBig=fZOdV/leP1lEnFuatugqTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980483000943433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
不同样品类型中奇异变形杆菌的分离数, figureFileSmall=ktx+YK3Ps2JUW1k7i9wTZg==, figureFileBig=fZOdV/leP1lEnFuatugqTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980483093218122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Antibiotic resistance rate of Proteus mirabilis.PB: Polymyxin B; TE: Tetracycline; DOX: Doxycycline; MEM: Meropenem; IPM: Imipenem; CF: Ceftriaxone sodium; AT: Aztreonam; CTR: Cefothiophene; AMX: Amoxicillin; AK: Amikacin; KAN: Kanamycin; S: Streptomycin; GM: Gentamicin; CIP: Ciprofloxacin; ENR: Enrofloxacin; NOR: Norfloxacin; SXT: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; SIZ: Sulfaisoxazole; C: Chloramphenicol; E: Erythromycin., figureFileSmall=x/YBYiyZNJWP1fUt+hg6ZQ==, figureFileBig=5snLbU7yF9bKIvtytdYhRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980483172909899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
奇异变形杆菌抗生素耐药率。PB:多黏菌素B;TE:四环素;DOX:多西环素;MEM:美罗培南;IPM:亚胺培南;CF:头孢曲松钠;AT:氨曲南;CTR:头孢噻吩;AMX:阿莫西林;AK:丁胺卡那;KAN:卡那霉素;S:链霉素;GM:庆大霉素;CIP:环丙沙星;ENR:恩诺沙星;NOR:诺氟沙星;SXT:复方新诺明;SIZ:磺胺异噁唑;C:氯霉素;E:红霉素。, figureFileSmall=x/YBYiyZNJWP1fUt+hg6ZQ==, figureFileBig=5snLbU7yF9bKIvtytdYhRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980483223241548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Comparison of multiantibiotic resistance of Proteus mirabilis in slaughterhouses (A) and farmers’ markets (B)., figureFileSmall=25XHBpf7GGwnyR7CFv+t+Q==, figureFileBig=me6GLuALS8IhJWs1Yi+FPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980483273573197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
屠宰场(A)与农贸市场(B)奇异变形杆菌多重耐药性比较, figureFileSmall=25XHBpf7GGwnyR7CFv+t+Q==, figureFileBig=me6GLuALS8IhJWs1Yi+FPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980483328099150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Comparison of antibiotic resistance gene detection rates., figureFileSmall=2NOdfuI5KQjp94zEu6pacg==, figureFileBig=bLlYhGXLRQSJEFYHdtowHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980483391013711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
耐药基因检出率的比较, figureFileSmall=2NOdfuI5KQjp94zEu6pacg==, figureFileBig=bLlYhGXLRQSJEFYHdtowHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980483483288400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Distribution of virulence-associated genes of Proteus mirabilis., figureFileSmall=REUS49doKiQt3S3SW0sftw==, figureFileBig=sb7R9+6t9udCgAWGFq7seA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980483588146001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
奇异变形杆菌菌株的毒力基因分布情况, figureFileSmall=REUS49doKiQt3S3SW0sftw==, figureFileBig=sb7R9+6t9udCgAWGFq7seA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980483718169426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=
Distribution of integrators., figureFileSmall=mUAzsv58bzhOq6Xhm6aN3g==, figureFileBig=n9YTi0K0CjJrSXkNysxw+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980483953050451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
整合子分布情况, figureFileSmall=mUAzsv58bzhOq6Xhm6aN3g==, figureFileBig=n9YTi0K0CjJrSXkNysxw+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980484162765652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=
Gene co-occurrence networks of ARGs, VGs, and MGEs., figureFileSmall=M7CX1ZrqyybDOMSTTYUDQQ==, figureFileBig=JFYcRi9qRg17TWgqd8bcJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980484250846037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
ARGs、VGs和MGEs的基因共现网络, figureFileSmall=M7CX1ZrqyybDOMSTTYUDQQ==, figureFileBig=JFYcRi9qRg17TWgqd8bcJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980484313760598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Details of primers for antibiotic resistance genes
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Category | Gene name | Primer sequences (5′→3′) | Amplicon size (bp) | Annealing temperature (℃) |
|---|
| Polymyxins | mcr-1 | F: CGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTC | 309 | 56 |
| R: CTTGGTCGGTCTGTAGGG |
| mcr-2 | F: TGTTGCTTGTGCCGATTGGA | 567 | 60 |
| R: CAGCAACCAACAATACCATCT |
| mcr-3 | F: AGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTAC | 621 | 57 |
| R: ATATCACTGCGTGGACAGTCAGG |
| mcr-4 | F: TTACAGCCAGAATCATTATCA | 488 | 50 |
| R: ATTGGGATAGTCGCCTTTTT |
| β-lactams | blaTEM | F: CATTTCCGTGTCGCCCTTATTC | 800 | 53 |
| R: CGTTCATCCATAGTTGCCTGAC |
| blaNDM | F: GGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTC | 621 | 56 |
| R: CGGAATGGCTCATCACGATC |
| blaIMP | F: CCAGATAACCTAGTAGTTTGGCT | 332 | 56 |
| R: TTTCGTTTAACCCTTTAACCGCCT |
| blaOXA-1 | F: GGCACCAGATTCAACTTTCAAG | 564 | 55 |
| R: GACCCCAAGTTTCCTGTAAGTG |
| Aminoglycosides | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | F: ACTGTGATGGGATACGCGTC | 369 | 55 |
| R: CTCCGTCAGCGTTTCAGCTA |
| aphA6 | F: TTGATTTGCTGGTTACG | 265 | 54 |
| R: ATGACGGGCTGATACTG |
| Quinolones | qnrA | F: ATTTCTCACGCCAGGATTTG | 516 | 56 |
| R: GATCGGCAAAGGTTAGGTCA |
| qnrB | F: GTTGGCGAAAAAATTGACAGAA | 526 | 56 |
| R: ACTCCGAATTGGTCAGATCG |
| qnrS | F: ACGACATTCGTCAACTGGAA | 417 | 53 |
| R: TTAATTGGCACCCTGTAGGC |
| Sulfonamides | sul1 | F: TGGTGACGGTGTTCGGCATTC | 790 | 56 |
| R: GCGAAGGTTTCCGAGAAGGTG |
| sul2 | F: CGGCATCGTCGTCAACATAACCT | 721 | 56 |
| R: TGTGCGGATGAAGTCAGCTC |
| Tetracyclines | tetA | F: GCTACATCCTGCTTGCCT | 210 | 52 |
| R: CATAGATCGCCGTGAAGA |
| tetB | F: TTGGTTAGGGGCAAGTTTTG | 600 | 52 |
| R: GTAATGGGCCAATAACACCG |
| tetC | F: GAGAGCCTTCTTCAACCCAG | 418 | 418 |
| R: GTCGTCATGATCTACCTGCC |
| Amide alcohols | cmlA | F: AGGAAGCATCGGAACGTTGAT | 576 | 56 |
| R: CAGACCGAGCACGACTGTTG |
| floR | F: ATTGTCTTCACGGTGTCCGTTA | 563 | 53 |
| R: CCGCGATGTCGTCGAACT |
| Integrase | intI1 | F: TTACAGTTTACGAACCGAACAGGC | 299 | 58.4 |
| R: AACCGAGGATGCGAACCACT |
| intI2 | F: TTACGCTGCTGTATGGTG | 156 | 49.8 |
| R: TTATTGCTGGGATTAGGC |
| intI3 | F: GCCTGGTTCTGGGTGTTC | 259 | 55.9 |
| R: GTGCTGCTACTAGATGT |
), ArticleFig(id=1194980484401840983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
耐药基因、整合酶基因的引物情况
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Category | Gene name | Primer sequences (5′→3′) | Amplicon size (bp) | Annealing temperature (℃) |
|---|
| Polymyxins | mcr-1 | F: CGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTC | 309 | 56 |
| R: CTTGGTCGGTCTGTAGGG |
| mcr-2 | F: TGTTGCTTGTGCCGATTGGA | 567 | 60 |
| R: CAGCAACCAACAATACCATCT |
| mcr-3 | F: AGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTAC | 621 | 57 |
| R: ATATCACTGCGTGGACAGTCAGG |
| mcr-4 | F: TTACAGCCAGAATCATTATCA | 488 | 50 |
| R: ATTGGGATAGTCGCCTTTTT |
| β-lactams | blaTEM | F: CATTTCCGTGTCGCCCTTATTC | 800 | 53 |
| R: CGTTCATCCATAGTTGCCTGAC |
| blaNDM | F: GGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTC | 621 | 56 |
| R: CGGAATGGCTCATCACGATC |
| blaIMP | F: CCAGATAACCTAGTAGTTTGGCT | 332 | 56 |
| R: TTTCGTTTAACCCTTTAACCGCCT |
| blaOXA-1 | F: GGCACCAGATTCAACTTTCAAG | 564 | 55 |
| R: GACCCCAAGTTTCCTGTAAGTG |
| Aminoglycosides | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | F: ACTGTGATGGGATACGCGTC | 369 | 55 |
| R: CTCCGTCAGCGTTTCAGCTA |
| aphA6 | F: TTGATTTGCTGGTTACG | 265 | 54 |
| R: ATGACGGGCTGATACTG |
| Quinolones | qnrA | F: ATTTCTCACGCCAGGATTTG | 516 | 56 |
| R: GATCGGCAAAGGTTAGGTCA |
| qnrB | F: GTTGGCGAAAAAATTGACAGAA | 526 | 56 |
| R: ACTCCGAATTGGTCAGATCG |
| qnrS | F: ACGACATTCGTCAACTGGAA | 417 | 53 |
| R: TTAATTGGCACCCTGTAGGC |
| Sulfonamides | sul1 | F: TGGTGACGGTGTTCGGCATTC | 790 | 56 |
| R: GCGAAGGTTTCCGAGAAGGTG |
| sul2 | F: CGGCATCGTCGTCAACATAACCT | 721 | 56 |
| R: TGTGCGGATGAAGTCAGCTC |
| Tetracyclines | tetA | F: GCTACATCCTGCTTGCCT | 210 | 52 |
| R: CATAGATCGCCGTGAAGA |
| tetB | F: TTGGTTAGGGGCAAGTTTTG | 600 | 52 |
| R: GTAATGGGCCAATAACACCG |
| tetC | F: GAGAGCCTTCTTCAACCCAG | 418 | 418 |
| R: GTCGTCATGATCTACCTGCC |
| Amide alcohols | cmlA | F: AGGAAGCATCGGAACGTTGAT | 576 | 56 |
| R: CAGACCGAGCACGACTGTTG |
| floR | F: ATTGTCTTCACGGTGTCCGTTA | 563 | 53 |
| R: CCGCGATGTCGTCGAACT |
| Integrase | intI1 | F: TTACAGTTTACGAACCGAACAGGC | 299 | 58.4 |
| R: AACCGAGGATGCGAACCACT |
| intI2 | F: TTACGCTGCTGTATGGTG | 156 | 49.8 |
| R: TTATTGCTGGGATTAGGC |
| intI3 | F: GCCTGGTTCTGGGTGTTC | 259 | 55.9 |
| R: GTGCTGCTACTAGATGT |
), ArticleFig(id=1194980484515087192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Proteus mirabilis isolation rate
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Region | Number of samples | Number of separations (rate) |
|---|
| Slaughterhouse | 192 | 65 (33.85%) |
| Farmers’ markets | 192 | 36 (18.75%) |
| Total | 384 | 101 (26.30%) |
), ArticleFig(id=1194980484578001753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
奇异变形杆菌分离情况
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Region | Number of samples | Number of separations (rate) |
|---|
| Slaughterhouse | 192 | 65 (33.85%) |
| Farmers’ markets | 192 | 36 (18.75%) |
| Total | 384 | 101 (26.30%) |
), ArticleFig(id=1194980484657693530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Detection rate of antibiotic resistance genes
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Types of antibiotics | Resistance genes | Detection rate (%) |
|---|
| Polymyxins | mcr-1 | 22.31 (23/101) |
| mcr-2 | 6.72 (7/101) |
| mcr-3 | 4.98 (5/101) |
| mcr-4 | 1.13 (1/101) |
| β-lactams | blaTEM | 89.09 (90/101) |
| blaNDM | 29.45 (30/101) |
| blaIMP | 6.53 (7/101) |
| blaOXA-1 | 58.22 (59/101) |
| Aminoglycosides | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | 43.16 (44/101) |
| aphA6 | 6.68 (7/101) |
| Quinolones | qnrA | 14.27 (14/101) |
| qnrB | 35.05 (35/101) |
| qnrS | 19.59 (20/101) |
| Sulfonamides | sul1 | 77.71 (78/101) |
| sul2 | 51.06 (52/101) |
| Tetracyclines | tetA | 63.29 (64/101) |
| tetB | 37.51 (38/101) |
| tetC | 21.64 (22/101) |
| Amide alcohols | cmlA | 31.40 (32/101) |
| floR | 47.65 (48/101) |
), ArticleFig(id=1194980484720608091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
抗生素耐药基因检出率
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Types of antibiotics | Resistance genes | Detection rate (%) |
|---|
| Polymyxins | mcr-1 | 22.31 (23/101) |
| mcr-2 | 6.72 (7/101) |
| mcr-3 | 4.98 (5/101) |
| mcr-4 | 1.13 (1/101) |
| β-lactams | blaTEM | 89.09 (90/101) |
| blaNDM | 29.45 (30/101) |
| blaIMP | 6.53 (7/101) |
| blaOXA-1 | 58.22 (59/101) |
| Aminoglycosides | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | 43.16 (44/101) |
| aphA6 | 6.68 (7/101) |
| Quinolones | qnrA | 14.27 (14/101) |
| qnrB | 35.05 (35/101) |
| qnrS | 19.59 (20/101) |
| Sulfonamides | sul1 | 77.71 (78/101) |
| sul2 | 51.06 (52/101) |
| Tetracyclines | tetA | 63.29 (64/101) |
| tetB | 37.51 (38/101) |
| tetC | 21.64 (22/101) |
| Amide alcohols | cmlA | 31.40 (32/101) |
| floR | 47.65 (48/101) |
), ArticleFig(id=1194980484783522652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Detection rate of virulence genes
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Virulence genes | Number of plants detected | Detection rate (%) |
|---|
| fliL | 93 | 92.08 |
| zapA | 81 | 80.20 |
| hpmA | 65 | 64.36 |
| hpmB | 54 | 53.47 |
| ucaA | 60 | 59.41 |
| mrpA | 53 | 52.48 |
| ureC | 49 | 48.51 |
| atfA | 59 | 58.42 |
| ireA | 74 | 73.27 |
| rsbA | 70 | 69.31 |
), ArticleFig(id=1194980484838048605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
毒力基因检出率
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Virulence genes | Number of plants detected | Detection rate (%) |
|---|
| fliL | 93 | 92.08 |
| zapA | 81 | 80.20 |
| hpmA | 65 | 64.36 |
| hpmB | 54 | 53.47 |
| ucaA | 60 | 59.41 |
| mrpA | 53 | 52.48 |
| ureC | 49 | 48.51 |
| atfA | 59 | 58.42 |
| ireA | 74 | 73.27 |
| rsbA | 70 | 69.31 |
), ArticleFig(id=1194980484896768862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Conjugation of blaTEM positive strains
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample number | Sample source | Strain | Conjugative transfer rate |
|---|
| LP35 | LP35 from slaughterhouse feces | P. mirabilis | (3.45±0.20)×10-3 |
| LP42 | LP42 from slaughterhouse feces | P. mirabilis | (4.59±0.30)×10-3 |
| XS16 | XS 16 from farmers’ markets environment | P. mirabilis | (5.98±1.00)×10-5 |
| XS28 | XS 28 from farmers’ markets environment | P. mirabilis | (5.24±1.00)×10-4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1194980484959683423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
blaTEM 阳性菌株接合转移情况
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample number | Sample source | Strain | Conjugative transfer rate |
|---|
| LP35 | LP35 from slaughterhouse feces | P. mirabilis | (3.45±0.20)×10-3 |
| LP42 | LP42 from slaughterhouse feces | P. mirabilis | (4.59±0.30)×10-3 |
| XS16 | XS 16 from farmers’ markets environment | P. mirabilis | (5.98±1.00)×10-5 |
| XS28 | XS 28 from farmers’ markets environment | P. mirabilis | (5.24±1.00)×10-4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1194980485022597984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
Antimicrobial susceptibility before and after conjugation MIC (mg/mL)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Bacterial strain | 阿莫西林 Amoxicillin | 头孢他啶 Ceftazidime | 氨苄西林 Ampicillin | 四环素 Tetracycline | 磺胺异噁唑 Sulfamethoxazol | 庆大霉素 Gentamicin | 卡那霉素 Kanamycin | 阿奇霉素 Azithromycin |
|---|
| LP35 | ≥256/R | ≥64/R | ≥256/R | ≥128/R | ≥320/R | ≥16/R | ≥128/R | 64/R |
| LP35-EC600 | ≥256/R | ≥64/R | ≥256/R | ≥128/R | ≤20/S | ≥16/R | ≥128/R | 64/R |
| LP42 | ≥256/R | ≥64/R | ≥256/R | ≥128/R | ≤20/S | ≥16/R | ≥128/R | 8/S |
| LP42-EC600 | ≥256/R | ≥64/R | ≥256/R | ≥128/R | ≤20/S | ≥16/R | ≥128/R | 4/S |
| XS16 | ≥256/R | ≥64/R | ≥256/R | ≥128/R | ≤20/S | ≥16/R | ≥128/R | 8/S |
| XS16-EC600 | ≥256/R | ≥64/R | ≥256/R | ≥128/R | ≤20/S | ≥16/R | ≥128/R | 4/S |
| XS28 | ≥256/R | ≥32/R | ≥256/R | ≥128/R | ≥320/R | ≥16/R | ≥128/R | 64/R |
| XS28-EC600 | ≥256/R | ≥32/R | ≥256/R | 4/S | ≥320/R | ≥16/R | ≥128/R | 64/R |
| EC600 | ≤4/S | ≤4/S | 8/S | 4/S | ≤4/S | ≤1/S | 8/S | 4/S |
), ArticleFig(id=1194980485119066977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684382872052128, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
接合转移前后的药物敏感性
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Bacterial strain | 阿莫西林 Amoxicillin | 头孢他啶 Ceftazidime | 氨苄西林 Ampicillin | 四环素 Tetracycline | 磺胺异噁唑 Sulfamethoxazol | 庆大霉素 Gentamicin | 卡那霉素 Kanamycin | 阿奇霉素 Azithromycin |
|---|
| LP35 | ≥256/R | ≥64/R | ≥256/R | ≥128/R | ≥320/R | ≥16/R | ≥128/R | 64/R |
| LP35-EC600 | ≥256/R | ≥64/R | ≥256/R | ≥128/R | ≤20/S | ≥16/R | ≥128/R | 64/R |
| LP42 | ≥256/R | ≥64/R | ≥256/R | ≥128/R | ≤20/S | ≥16/R | ≥128/R | 8/S |
| LP42-EC600 | ≥256/R | ≥64/R | ≥256/R | ≥128/R | ≤20/S | ≥16/R | ≥128/R | 4/S |
| XS16 | ≥256/R | ≥64/R | ≥256/R | ≥128/R | ≤20/S | ≥16/R | ≥128/R | 8/S |
| XS16-EC600 | ≥256/R | ≥64/R | ≥256/R | ≥128/R | ≤20/S | ≥16/R | ≥128/R | 4/S |
| XS28 | ≥256/R | ≥32/R | ≥256/R | ≥128/R | ≥320/R | ≥16/R | ≥128/R | 64/R |
| XS28-EC600 | ≥256/R | ≥32/R | ≥256/R | 4/S | ≥320/R | ≥16/R | ≥128/R | 64/R |
| EC600 | ≤4/S | ≤4/S | 8/S | 4/S | ≤4/S | ≤1/S | 8/S | 4/S |
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