Article(id=1194684380762312747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1194684377813717012, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250294, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1744128000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1747670400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-20, onlineDate=1762764552535, onlineDateStr=2025-11-10, pubDate=1762185600000, pubDateStr=2025-11-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762764552535, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762764552535, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762764552535, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1194684377813717012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='11', pageStart='4721', pageEnd='5182', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762764551833, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762764551833, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5037, endPage=5053, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1194684381081079858, articleId=1194684380762312747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Virulence profiling of Burkholderia aenigmatica: a predominant member of the Burkholderia cepacia complex in industrial contamination, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To identify the species and investigate the diversity of 120 Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) strains isolated from industrial products and their production environments between 2022 and 2023. Additionally, the whole genome of a novel sequence type (ST) strain, Burkholderia aenigmatica ST2120, was analyzed to assess its virulence and pathogenicity. Methods Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was employed to assign sequence types (STs) of Bcc strains. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was conducted for phylogenetic analysis and species identification of novel ST Bcc strains. Whole genome sequencing of ST2120 was performed on the Nanopore platform, followed by genome assembly, gene prediction, functional annotation, and prediction of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for secondary metabolites. Results Among the 120 Bcc strains, seven species (B. aenigmatica, B. cenocepacia, B. cepacia, B. contaminans, B. vietnamiensis, B. stabilis, and B. multivorans) and 38 STs were identified. Twenty-two novel alleles and 20 new STs were discovered. The novel ST strains were predominantly identified as B. aenigmatica and B. vietnamiensis. B. aenigmatica accounted for 55% of Bcc strains associated with industrial contamination, representing the most prevalent species within the industrial contamination-related Bcc. The genome (8 909 914 bp, G+C content: 65.73%) of B. aenigmatica ST2120 comprised 8 192 protein-coding genes, and the genome data were deposited in NCBI under the accession number CP184468-CP184476. Genomic analysis predicted siderophore-related BGCs for secondary metabolites (e.g., ornibactin C8 and chromobactin), five efflux pump-associated antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence genes linked to secretion systems, host adhesion/invasion, immune modulation, and quorum sensing. Conclusion B. aenigmatica has emerged as a predominant Bcc species in industrial contamination. The genome of B. aenigmatica ST2120 contains comprehensive virulence genes, indicating significant pathogenicity.

, correspAuthors=Xiaobao XIE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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目的 对2022-2023年间从不同工业产品及生产环境中分离的120株洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌复合群(Burkholderia cepacia complex, Bcc)进行物种鉴定及多样性分析,并对本实验室一株新分型的神秘伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia aenigmatica) ST2120的全基因组数据进行分析,预测其毒力和致病性。 方法 采用多位点分型研究方法(multilocus sequence typing, MLST)确定Bcc的分型(sequence types, ST);利用多位点序列分析(multilocus sequence analysis, MLSA)对未知分型的Bcc进行系统发育分析和物种鉴定。选取ST2120菌株,使用Nanopore测序平台进行全基因组测序,并对测序数据进行基因组装、基因预测、功能注释以及次级代谢产物基因簇预测等。 结果 120株Bcc菌株中共鉴定出7个物种,分别为神秘伯克霍尔德氏菌(B. aenigmatica)、新洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(B. cenocepacia)、洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(B. cepacia)、污染伯克霍尔德氏菌(B. contaminans)、越南伯克霍尔德氏菌(B. vietnamiensis)、稳定伯克霍尔德氏菌(B. stabilis)和多噬伯克霍尔德氏菌(B. multivorans),共38个不同的ST分型。在分类过程中发现22个新等位基因和20个新ST分型,本研究中的新分型Bcc以B. aenigmaticaB. vietnamiensis为主。B. aenigmatica在工业污染Bcc的占比高达55%,是主要的污染物种。B. aenigmatica ST2120菌株基因组全长为8 909 914 bp,G+C含量为65.73%,包含8 192个编码基因。将全基因组数据上传至NCBI,获得登录号为CP184468-CP184476。基因组分析预测到该菌株存在与铁载体相关的次级代谢产物(如ornibactin C8, chromobactin)合成基因簇,注释到5种与外排泵相关的抗生素抗性基因,以及涉及分泌系统、黏附、入侵宿主、免疫调节和群体感应等功能的毒力基因。 结论 B. aenigmatica已成为主要的工业污染Bcc,B. aenigmatica菌株ST2120基因组中存在较为全面的致病因子,具有潜在致病性。

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Node values represent bootstrap support (based on 1 000 replicates), only values≥50% are shown. The scale bar represents nucleotide substitutions per site., figureFileSmall=AYC2XcKF3bG8BvsLrmEyTQ==, figureFileBig=FCGm96SKXdskLRxSkYVhwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980712852992113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684380762312747, language=CN, label=图1, caption=未知分型BccMLSA系统发育树。节点上的数值为bootstrap支持率(1 000次重复),仅显示≥50%的值。标尺表示每个位点的核苷酸替代数。, figureFileSmall=AYC2XcKF3bG8BvsLrmEyTQ==, figureFileBig=FCGm96SKXdskLRxSkYVhwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980712962044018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684380762312747, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Distribution of Bcc species isolated from industrial products and their production environments., figureFileSmall=VAsvTIkiGqOXO50U56u2lg==, figureFileBig=byLB/tvM/izxZw+K4vvISQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980713033347187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684380762312747, language=CN, label=图2, caption=工业产品和环境中Bcc物种分布, figureFileSmall=VAsvTIkiGqOXO50U56u2lg==, figureFileBig=byLB/tvM/izxZw+K4vvISQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980713104650356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684380762312747, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=The colony and strain morphological characteristics of ST2120. A: ST2120 colony morphology; B: Microscopic observation of ST2120 Gram staining under eyepiece 10× and objective 100× (oil immersion)., figureFileSmall=7UgPedxjrbD3Ab6FnBTU1A==, figureFileBig=6/GhVHV7kFz6PUVNeP5MGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980713180147829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684380762312747, language=CN, label=图3, caption=ST2120的菌落和菌株形态特征。A:ST2120菌落形态;B:显微镜下观察ST2120革兰氏染色效果[目镜10×,物镜100× (油镜)]。, figureFileSmall=7UgPedxjrbD3Ab6FnBTU1A==, figureFileBig=6/GhVHV7kFz6PUVNeP5MGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980713247256694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684380762312747, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Loop diagram of strain ST2120. Structural annotation of the genomic circle diagram (outer to inner): Outermost ring, Genomic scale bar (tick interval: 5 kb); Second/third rings, Protein-coding genes on positive/negative strands (color-coded by COG functional categories); Fourth ring, Repeat sequence annotation; Fifth ring, tRNA (blue) and rRNA (lavender) annotations; Sixth ring, G+C content deviation. Light yellow regions: Higher than genomic mean (peak height indicates deviation magnitude); Blue regions: Lower than genomic mean; Innermost ring: GC-skew analysis. Charcoal gray: G>C regions; Red: C>G regions., figureFileSmall=3VuAl7SZxcVTh3f22RR4IA==, figureFileBig=6npLvHr5Ioq0syG9CFcz/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980713322754167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684380762312747, language=CN, label=图4, caption=菌株ST2120的基因组圈图。基因组圈图结构解析(由外至内):外环,基因组尺度标尺(刻度单位:5 kb);第2/3环,正负链编码基因分布(COG功能分类色标);第4环,重复序列定位;第5环,tRNA (蓝色)与rRNA (紫色)注释;第6环,G+C含量偏离度。浅黄色区域:高于基因组均值(峰高指示偏离程度);蓝色区域:低于基因组均值;内环:GC-skew分析。深灰色:G>C区域;红色:C>G区域。, figureFileSmall=3VuAl7SZxcVTh3f22RR4IA==, figureFileBig=6npLvHr5Ioq0syG9CFcz/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980713398251640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684380762312747, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=The phylogenetic tree based on whole proteogenomes of ST2120. The numbers under branches are GBDP pseudo-bootstrap support values from 100 replications. The different colors of the species and subspecies clusters indicate that the strains in the phylogenetic tree were different. Genomic G+C content ranges between 65.7% and 68.5%; genome size ranges from 5.8 to 9.2 Mb; and the number of proteins coded by each genome ranges between 5 025 and 8 336., figureFileSmall=nEGxw4h36Occd+EfGUe6dQ==, figureFileBig=W9mADCT6ryyKUZfyRLEwHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980713465360505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684380762312747, language=CN, label=图5, caption=ST2120的基因组发育树。分支下面的数字是来自100个复制的GBDP伪引导支持值。物种和亚种簇的不同颜色表明系统发育树中菌株的差异性;基因组G+C含量介于65.7%-68.5%之间;基因组大小范围从5.8-9.2 Mb;各基因组编码的蛋白质数量在5 025-8 336个之间。, figureFileSmall=nEGxw4h36Occd+EfGUe6dQ==, figureFileBig=W9mADCT6ryyKUZfyRLEwHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980713549246586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684380762312747, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=GO functional classification of strain ST2120 genome., figureFileSmall=Y03YwH1THhU2MebtTz+M/w==, figureFileBig=QmvXduR7vmsggldSClw64g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980713620549755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684380762312747, language=CN, label=图6, caption=菌株ST2120基因组的GO功能分类, figureFileSmall=Y03YwH1THhU2MebtTz+M/w==, figureFileBig=QmvXduR7vmsggldSClw64g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980713683464316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684380762312747, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=KEGG metabolic pathway classification of strain ST2120 genome., figureFileSmall=N/nKVcc/fSOJal0cFG0GRg==, figureFileBig=3dkcnTgCFVPCxlNDwMuQ8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980713746378877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684380762312747, language=CN, label=图7, caption=菌株ST2120基因组的KEGG代谢通路分类, figureFileSmall=N/nKVcc/fSOJal0cFG0GRg==, figureFileBig=3dkcnTgCFVPCxlNDwMuQ8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980713805099134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684380762312747, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers and annealing temperatures for seven housekeeping genes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimer sequences (5′→3′)Annealing temperature (°C)Allele size (bp)
atpDF: ATGAGTACTRCTGCTTTGGTAGAAGG56756
R: CGTGAAACGGTAGATGTTGTCG
gltBF: CTGCATCATGATGCGCAAGTG58652
R: CTTGCCGCGGAARTCGTTGG
gyrBF: ACCGGTCTGCAYCACCTCGT60738
R: YTCGTTGWARCTGTCGTTCCACTGC
recAF: AGGACGATTCATGGAAGAWAGC55975
R: GACGCACYGAYGMRTAGAACTT
lepAF: CTSATCATCGAYTCSTGGTTCG58525
R: CGRTATTCCTTGAACTCGTARTCC
phaCF: GCACSAGYATYTGCCAGCG58704
R: CCATSTCSGTRCCRATGTAGCC
trpBF: CGCGYTTCGGVATGGARTG58787
R: ACSGTRTGCATGTCCTTGTCG
), ArticleFig(id=1194980713868013695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684380762312747, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

七个管家基因的引物及退火温度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimer sequences (5′→3′)Annealing temperature (°C)Allele size (bp)
atpDF: ATGAGTACTRCTGCTTTGGTAGAAGG56756
R: CGTGAAACGGTAGATGTTGTCG
gltBF: CTGCATCATGATGCGCAAGTG58652
R: CTTGCCGCGGAARTCGTTGG
gyrBF: ACCGGTCTGCAYCACCTCGT60738
R: YTCGTTGWARCTGTCGTTCCACTGC
recAF: AGGACGATTCATGGAAGAWAGC55975
R: GACGCACYGAYGMRTAGAACTT
lepAF: CTSATCATCGAYTCSTGGTTCG58525
R: CGRTATTCCTTGAACTCGTARTCC
phaCF: GCACSAGYATYTGCCAGCG58704
R: CCATSTCSGTRCCRATGTAGCC
trpBF: CGCGYTTCGGVATGGARTG58787
R: ACSGTRTGCATGTCCTTGTCG
), ArticleFig(id=1194980713951899776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684380762312747, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Alleles and species information of novel ST Bcc isolates

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NumberStrain designationatpDgltBgyrBrecAlepAphaCtrpBSTSpecies
1BC35726a967a1421a146214162882a2208B. aenigmatica
2BC051846661420a574594676152209B. aenigmatica
3BC882514015929321910622130B. stabilis
4BC061912015233556172307B. vietnamiensis
5BC119733976a1439a1381212300B. cepacia
6BC12727a951422a799a915a700a883a2231B. cepacia
7BC1161613413991521481442235B. cenocepacia
8BC2718466614205746574676152409B. aenigmatica
9BC5427231173234956172410B. vietnamiensis
10BC7419119202221256172411B. vietnamiensis
11BC10213141160133386426382412B. multivorans
12BC10013861486a533718a6382413B. cepacia
13BC6672639014211462141628822426B. aenigmatica
14BC69136135147049948a8142427B. cenocepacia
15BC71272015233656172428B. vietnamiensis
16BC762710315233611172429B. vietnamiensis
17BC79281031732321411812430B. vietnamiensis
18BC806413576899488142431B. contaminans
19BC118180998a1468a146214528903a2436B. aenigmatica
20BC120180999a1469a778213713904a2437B. aenigmatica
), ArticleFig(id=1194980714060951681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684380762312747, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

新分型Bcc菌株的等位基因和物种信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NumberStrain designationatpDgltBgyrBrecAlepAphaCtrpBSTSpecies
1BC35726a967a1421a146214162882a2208B. aenigmatica
2BC051846661420a574594676152209B. aenigmatica
3BC882514015929321910622130B. stabilis
4BC061912015233556172307B. vietnamiensis
5BC119733976a1439a1381212300B. cepacia
6BC12727a951422a799a915a700a883a2231B. cepacia
7BC1161613413991521481442235B. cenocepacia
8BC2718466614205746574676152409B. aenigmatica
9BC5427231173234956172410B. vietnamiensis
10BC7419119202221256172411B. vietnamiensis
11BC10213141160133386426382412B. multivorans
12BC10013861486a533718a6382413B. cepacia
13BC6672639014211462141628822426B. aenigmatica
14BC69136135147049948a8142427B. cenocepacia
15BC71272015233656172428B. vietnamiensis
16BC762710315233611172429B. vietnamiensis
17BC79281031732321411812430B. vietnamiensis
18BC806413576899488142431B. contaminans
19BC118180998a1468a146214528903a2436B. aenigmatica
20BC120180999a1469a778213713904a2437B. aenigmatica
), ArticleFig(id=1194980714174197890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684380762312747, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters in strain ST2120

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TypeSpan (nt)Most similar known clusterSimilarity (%)
Betalactone918 695-950 507Pacifibactin10
NRP-metallophore, NRPS1 822 741-1 887 827Ornibactin C8100
NRP-metallophore, NRPS1 998 460-1 887 827Chromobactin70
Arylpolyene3 169 421-3 210 632APE Vf10
Terpene1 371 499-1 392 563N-acyloxyacyl glutamine50
Phosphonate1 555 320-1 588 217Dehydrofosmidomycin15
Ranthipeptide2 246 149-2 267 579Pf-5 pyoverdine7
Betalactone562 437-588 232Reveromycin A6
), ArticleFig(id=1194980714237112451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684380762312747, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

菌株ST2120的次级代谢物生物合成基因簇分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TypeSpan (nt)Most similar known clusterSimilarity (%)
Betalactone918 695-950 507Pacifibactin10
NRP-metallophore, NRPS1 822 741-1 887 827Ornibactin C8100
NRP-metallophore, NRPS1 998 460-1 887 827Chromobactin70
Arylpolyene3 169 421-3 210 632APE Vf10
Terpene1 371 499-1 392 563N-acyloxyacyl glutamine50
Phosphonate1 555 320-1 588 217Dehydrofosmidomycin15
Ranthipeptide2 246 149-2 267 579Pf-5 pyoverdine7
Betalactone562 437-588 232Reveromycin A6
), ArticleFig(id=1194980714300027012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684380762312747, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The virulence factor of strain ST2120

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Virulence

factor id

Vf nameSpecies nameVf function
VF0427BimAB. pseudomalleiInducing polymerization of actin at one pole of the bacterial cell to promote bacterial movement within and between host cells
VF0428Bsa T3SSB. pseudomalleiDelivering effector proteins into host cells to manipulate host cell functions
VF0429T6SS-1B. pseudomalleiEssential for virulence and plays an important role in the intracellular lifestyle of B. pseudomallei; In B. mallei, the T6SS cluster homologous to B. pseudomallei T6SS-1, is important for actin-based motility, multinucleated giant cell formation, intracellular growth in murine macrophages, and virulence in hamsters
VF0430FlagellaB. pseudomalleiPolar flagella required for motility and macrophage invasion
VF0431Type IV piliB. pseudomalleiPlays a role in adherence
VF0432CdpAB. pseudomalleiA major c-di-GMP-specific phosphodiesterase in regulating intracellular levels of c-di-GMP, affecting diverse phenotypes such as flagellum synthesis, bacterial motility, the production of exopolysaccharides, cell-to-cell aggregation, biofilm formation, cytotoxicity, and invasion of human cells
VF0433Quorum-sensingB. pseudomallei-
VF0436Capsule IB. pseudomalleiA key virulence determinant and that loss of capsule production results in severe attenuation in animal models of disease
), ArticleFig(id=1194980714388107397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684380762312747, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

菌株ST2120的毒力因子预测

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Virulence

factor id

Vf nameSpecies nameVf function
VF0427BimAB. pseudomalleiInducing polymerization of actin at one pole of the bacterial cell to promote bacterial movement within and between host cells
VF0428Bsa T3SSB. pseudomalleiDelivering effector proteins into host cells to manipulate host cell functions
VF0429T6SS-1B. pseudomalleiEssential for virulence and plays an important role in the intracellular lifestyle of B. pseudomallei; In B. mallei, the T6SS cluster homologous to B. pseudomallei T6SS-1, is important for actin-based motility, multinucleated giant cell formation, intracellular growth in murine macrophages, and virulence in hamsters
VF0430FlagellaB. pseudomalleiPolar flagella required for motility and macrophage invasion
VF0431Type IV piliB. pseudomalleiPlays a role in adherence
VF0432CdpAB. pseudomalleiA major c-di-GMP-specific phosphodiesterase in regulating intracellular levels of c-di-GMP, affecting diverse phenotypes such as flagellum synthesis, bacterial motility, the production of exopolysaccharides, cell-to-cell aggregation, biofilm formation, cytotoxicity, and invasion of human cells
VF0433Quorum-sensingB. pseudomallei-
VF0436Capsule IB. pseudomalleiA key virulence determinant and that loss of capsule production results in severe attenuation in animal models of disease
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神秘伯克霍尔德氏菌:主要的工业污染洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌复合群成员及其毒力分析
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张淑瑶 1 , 文霞 1 , 苏皑庭 1 , 黄迪 1 , 陶宏兵 2 , 张桂芳 1 , 许炎坤 2 , 谢小保 1, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(11): 5037-5053
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(11): 5037-5053
神秘伯克霍尔德氏菌:主要的工业污染洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌复合群成员及其毒力分析
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张淑瑶1, 文霞1, 苏皑庭1, 黄迪1, 陶宏兵2, 张桂芳1, 许炎坤2, 谢小保1, *
作者信息
  • 1 广东省科学院微生物研究所,广东省微生物分析检测中心,华南应用微生物国家重点实验室,广东省菌种保藏与应用重点实验室,广东 广州
  • 2 广东迪美生物技术有限公司 广东 广州
Virulence profiling of Burkholderia aenigmatica: a predominant member of the Burkholderia cepacia complex in industrial contamination
Shuyao ZHANG1, Xia WEN1, Aiting SU1, Di HUANG1, Hongbing TAO2, Guifang ZHANG1, Yankun XU2, Xiaobao XIE1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Detection Center of Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
  • 2 Guangdong Demay Biological Technology Co. , Ltd. , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
出版时间: 2025-11-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250294
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目的 对2022-2023年间从不同工业产品及生产环境中分离的120株洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌复合群(Burkholderia cepacia complex, Bcc)进行物种鉴定及多样性分析,并对本实验室一株新分型的神秘伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia aenigmatica) ST2120的全基因组数据进行分析,预测其毒力和致病性。 方法 采用多位点分型研究方法(multilocus sequence typing, MLST)确定Bcc的分型(sequence types, ST);利用多位点序列分析(multilocus sequence analysis, MLSA)对未知分型的Bcc进行系统发育分析和物种鉴定。选取ST2120菌株,使用Nanopore测序平台进行全基因组测序,并对测序数据进行基因组装、基因预测、功能注释以及次级代谢产物基因簇预测等。 结果 120株Bcc菌株中共鉴定出7个物种,分别为神秘伯克霍尔德氏菌(B. aenigmatica)、新洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(B. cenocepacia)、洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(B. cepacia)、污染伯克霍尔德氏菌(B. contaminans)、越南伯克霍尔德氏菌(B. vietnamiensis)、稳定伯克霍尔德氏菌(B. stabilis)和多噬伯克霍尔德氏菌(B. multivorans),共38个不同的ST分型。在分类过程中发现22个新等位基因和20个新ST分型,本研究中的新分型Bcc以B. aenigmaticaB. vietnamiensis为主。B. aenigmatica在工业污染Bcc的占比高达55%,是主要的污染物种。B. aenigmatica ST2120菌株基因组全长为8 909 914 bp,G+C含量为65.73%,包含8 192个编码基因。将全基因组数据上传至NCBI,获得登录号为CP184468-CP184476。基因组分析预测到该菌株存在与铁载体相关的次级代谢产物(如ornibactin C8, chromobactin)合成基因簇,注释到5种与外排泵相关的抗生素抗性基因,以及涉及分泌系统、黏附、入侵宿主、免疫调节和群体感应等功能的毒力基因。 结论 B. aenigmatica已成为主要的工业污染Bcc,B. aenigmatica菌株ST2120基因组中存在较为全面的致病因子,具有潜在致病性。

洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌复合群  /  多位点序列分析  /  神秘伯克霍尔德氏菌  /  工业微生物污染  /  基因组分析

Objective To identify the species and investigate the diversity of 120 Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) strains isolated from industrial products and their production environments between 2022 and 2023. Additionally, the whole genome of a novel sequence type (ST) strain, Burkholderia aenigmatica ST2120, was analyzed to assess its virulence and pathogenicity. Methods Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was employed to assign sequence types (STs) of Bcc strains. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was conducted for phylogenetic analysis and species identification of novel ST Bcc strains. Whole genome sequencing of ST2120 was performed on the Nanopore platform, followed by genome assembly, gene prediction, functional annotation, and prediction of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for secondary metabolites. Results Among the 120 Bcc strains, seven species (B. aenigmatica, B. cenocepacia, B. cepacia, B. contaminans, B. vietnamiensis, B. stabilis, and B. multivorans) and 38 STs were identified. Twenty-two novel alleles and 20 new STs were discovered. The novel ST strains were predominantly identified as B. aenigmatica and B. vietnamiensis. B. aenigmatica accounted for 55% of Bcc strains associated with industrial contamination, representing the most prevalent species within the industrial contamination-related Bcc. The genome (8 909 914 bp, G+C content: 65.73%) of B. aenigmatica ST2120 comprised 8 192 protein-coding genes, and the genome data were deposited in NCBI under the accession number CP184468-CP184476. Genomic analysis predicted siderophore-related BGCs for secondary metabolites (e.g., ornibactin C8 and chromobactin), five efflux pump-associated antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence genes linked to secretion systems, host adhesion/invasion, immune modulation, and quorum sensing. Conclusion B. aenigmatica has emerged as a predominant Bcc species in industrial contamination. The genome of B. aenigmatica ST2120 contains comprehensive virulence genes, indicating significant pathogenicity.

Burkholderia cepacia complex  /  multilocus sequence analysis  /  Burkholderia aenigmatica  /  industrial microbial contamination  /  genome analysis
张淑瑶, 文霞, 苏皑庭, 黄迪, 陶宏兵, 张桂芳, 许炎坤, 谢小保. 神秘伯克霍尔德氏菌:主要的工业污染洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌复合群成员及其毒力分析. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (11) : 5037 -5053 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250294
Shuyao ZHANG, Xia WEN, Aiting SU, Di HUANG, Hongbing TAO, Guifang ZHANG, Yankun XU, Xiaobao XIE. Virulence profiling of Burkholderia aenigmatica: a predominant member of the Burkholderia cepacia complex in industrial contamination[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (11) : 5037 -5053 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250294
洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌复合群(Burkholderia cepacia complex, Bcc)是一组由超过20个紧密相关物种组成的细菌群,这些物种在基因层面极为相似,但在表型和致病性方面存在显著差异。Bcc细菌的分类主要基于其基因特征,包括16S rRNA基因、recA基因、hisA基因,以及采用多位点序列分析(multilocus sequence analysis, MLSA)方法。16S rRNA基因分析常用于初步分类,然而由于该基因相似性较高,其分辨率有限[1]。MLSA通过分析多个位点的序列信息进行分类,能够提供更高的分辨率[2]。随着全基因组测序成本降低且应用程序增多,较易获取的基因组学数据可提供更高水平的分辨率。
Bcc细菌可引起囊性纤维化(cystic fibrosis, CF)患者感染[3]、参与植物发病机制[4],在生物技术领域于生物修复和生物控制[5]等方面发挥作用,同时也会成为导致工业损失的污染物。工业产品涵盖日化品、个人护理产品以及药品等,与人们的日常生活紧密相关。Bcc污染不仅会造成经济损失,对于从工业产品中获得的致病性Bcc引发的获得性感染也不容忽视。2025年,巴西报道了一起重症监护病房中伯克霍尔德菌污染病例暴发事件,该事件与受污染的洗浴液有关[6];2020年,中国香港暴发了由多个品牌受污染的氯己定引起的洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌复合菌感染[7];2018年3月,美国食品药品监督管理局启动了对60例洋葱伯克霍尔德菌复合体(Bcc)感染暴发事件的调查,发现感染事件与制造商A生产的免冲洗清洁泡沫产品相关,该产品用于医疗机构患者的皮肤护理[8]。因此,了解工业污染中Bcc物种的多样性、预测并分析其毒性和致病性不仅有助于减少工业损失,还能及时预防Bcc对人类健康构成的威胁。
在2020年以前,B. aenigmatica曾被归类到B. contaminans和宽广伯克霍尔德氏菌(B. lata)中。Depoorter等[9]对Bcc重新分类后确立了B. aenigmatica的新分类地位。目前,关于B. aenigmatica的研究仅停留在分类和耐药性方面[10-12],在代谢产物利用和致病因子方面的研究较少。本研究基于近2年从工业产品及生产环境中分离的120株Bcc的分析数据发现B. aenigmatica已成为主要的污染性Bcc。为研究B. aenigmatica的潜在危害和致病可能性,选取实验室新分型的ST2120菌株进行全基因组测序,从耐药性、次级代谢基因簇以及毒力基因等方面对其潜在致病性进行分析和预测,旨在唤起工业产品生产和检测人员对Bcc污染菌的重视,以预防和减少由工业来源的B. aenigmatica引发的疾病暴发。
大豆酪蛋白琼脂(soy casein agar, TSA),广东环凯微生物科技有限公司;AmPure Microbial DNA Kit,广州美基生物科技有限公司;2× Rapid Taq Master Mix,南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司。
恒温培养箱,上海精宏实验设备有限公司;PCR仪,Bio-Rad公司;Nanopore测序平台,Oxford Nanopore Technologies公司。
本研究所用的Bcc菌株为2022-2023年本检测中心从日化产品中分离的菌株,以及广东迪美生物技术有限公司从日化产品、工业生产环境和原料中分离出的污染性Bcc。
将Bcc菌株用TSA平板置于30 ℃培养箱中培养,24-48 h后进行分离纯化,将纯化的单菌落扩增并收集于20%甘油管中,置于-80 ℃冰箱保存。
使用AmPure Microbial DNA Kit快速提取纯菌种培养物的基因组,以通用引物27F (5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCA-3′)和1492R (5′-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′)进行16S rRNA基因片段的PCR扩增。PCR反应体系(50 μL):2× Rapid Taq Master Mix 25 µL,上、下游引物(10 µmol/L)各2 µL,DNA模板2 µL,ddH2O 19 µL。PCR反应条件:95 °C预变性2 min;94 °C变性30 s,55 °C退火30 s,72 °C延伸60 s,共35个循环;72 °C终延伸5 min。将扩增产物送至北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司测序,将BLAST比对结果为Burkholderia sp.的菌株进行MLST鉴定。
七个管家基因的引物序列来源于Bcc PubMLST网站(https://pubmlst.org/organisms/burkholderia-cepacia-complex)[13-14],具体引物序列见表1。管家基因的PCR扩增条件参照张淑瑶等[12]的研究。将获得的7个管家基因序列(atpDgltBgyrBrecAlepAphaCtrpB)上传至Bcc PubMLST网站获取相应等位基因号,并匹配到ST分型。
将新分型菌株的7个管家基因分别由系统剪切至对应长度:atpD 443 bp、gltB 400 bp、gyrB 454 bp、recA 393 bp、lepA 397 bp、phaC 385 bp和trpB 301 bp,串联7个管家基因,标准菌株的7个管家基因从Bcc PubMLST网站下载,利用MEGA 11采用最大似然法构建系统发育树,具体构建方法参照张淑瑶等[12]的研究。
全基因组测序基于Nanopore测序平台进行。使用Canu v1.5软件对过滤后的reads进行组装,然后使用Circulator v1.5.5对组装基因组进行环化。编码基因预测采用Prodigal v2.6.3完成。次级代谢生物合成基因簇(biosynthesis gene clusters, BGC)的预测采用antiSMASH 7.0[15]完成。
利用预测的基因序列分别与以下功能数据库进行BLAST v2.2.29比对:Nr (NCBI non-redundant protein sequences; ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast/db/FASTA/);KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes;https://www.genome.jp/kegg/);eggNOG (evolutionary genealogy of genes: non-supervised orthologous groups; http://eggnog45.embl.de/);Swiss-Prot (curated protein sequence database; https://www.uniprot.org/help/downloads);TrEMBL (unreviewed protein sequence database;https://www.uniprot.org/help/downloads)获得基因功能注释结果。基于Nr数据库比对结果,应用软件Blast2GO v2.5进行GO数据库的功能注释(http://geneontology.org/docs/download-ontology/)。利用预测得到的基因的蛋白序列与抗生素抗性基因数据库CARD (comprehensive antibiotic resistance database,http://geneontology.org/docs/download-ontology/)、毒力因子VFDB数据库(virulence factor database,https://www.mgc.ac.cn/VFs/search_VFs.htm)等功能数据库进行BLAST比对,得到相应的注释结果。
为进行基于全基因组的分类分析,将基因组序列数据上传到Type (菌株)基因组服务器(TYGS,https://tygs.dsmz.de/)[16]。利用FastME 2.1.6.1算法构建了系统基因组树,并利用基因组爆炸距离系统发育距离(genome blast distance phylogeny, GBDP)通过子树修剪与重连后处理,为分支提供支持。
本发育树选取14株工业污染中常见Bcc物种的标准菌株作为参考,对20株未知分型的工业污染Bcc进行系统发育分析和鉴定(图1)。根据MLSA系统发育树进行聚类分析,本研究中的大部分新分型菌株聚类于B. aenigmaticaB. vietnamiensis。其中,新分型菌株BC35、BC66、BC118、BC120、BC27和BC05聚类于B. aenigmatica,新分型菌株BC79、BC54、BC74、BC76、BC06和BC71聚类于B. vietnamiensis,BC12、BC119、BC100聚类在B. cepacia;BC116、BC69聚类于B. cenocepacia,BC80聚类于B. contaminans,BC103聚类于B. multivorans,BC88聚类于B. stabilis
对Bcc菌株的7个管家基因分别测序后,将无法在MLST系统上匹配的基因序列上传至pubMLST Burkholderia cepacia complex系统,经审核后分配新的等位基因号,并将基因序列录入系统。如表2所示,共发现22个新等位基因,分别是2个atpD (基因号:726、727),4个gltB (基因号:967、976、998、999),7个gyrB (基因号:1420、1421、1422、1439、1468、1469、1486),1个recA (基因号:799),2个lepA (基因号:915、948),2个phaC (基因号:700、718),4个trpB (基因号:882、883、903、904)。
新等位基因的发现伴随着新ST分型的产生,表2中菌株BC35的atpD-726, gltB-967, gyrB-1 421和trpB-882均为新等位基因,BC35被认定为新的分型ST2208。然而,并非所有的新分型都含有新的等位基因,BC88的7个管家基因均非新等位基因,但在系统中无法匹配到相应分型,因此BC88也被认定为新的分型,新分型号为2130。本研究中120株Bcc共鉴定到20个新的ST分型,新分型菌株的等位基因号、ST分型和物种信息如表2所示,20株新分型菌株中有6株被鉴定为B. aenigmatica、6株为B. vietnamiensis、3株为B. cepacia、2株为B. cenocepacia、1株为B. contaminans、1株为B. stabilis和1株为B. multivorans。新的等位基因和新ST型丰富了Bcc分类数据库,提高了未知Bcc的分类效率和准确率。
本研究选取2022-2023年分离自日化产品、日化原料、日化环境、涂料和胶黏剂等的120株Bcc,采用MLST方法鉴定其物种,工业污染Bcc物种多样性情况如下:B. aenigmatican=66;B.vietnamiensisn=18;B. cenocepacian=17;B. contaminansn=9;B. cepacian=8;B. stabilisn=1;B. multivoransn=1 [数据存储在国家微生物科学数据中心(http://nmdc.cn),编号为NMDCX0002141]。 Bcc的分型也表现出多样性,共38种,其中ST-339、ST-2209、ST-2208以及ST-2129这4种分型占比最多。除了ST-2129被鉴定为B. vietnamiensis外,其他3个分型均被鉴定为B. aenigmatica。工业污染Bcc的分布情况见图2B. aenigmatica在工业污染Bcc中的占比为55%,远超过B. vietnamiensis (15%)和B. cenocepacia (14%),B. contaminansB. cepaciaB. stabilisB. multivorans的占比均不超过10%。结果表明B. aenigmatica是工业污染Bcc中最主要的物种类型。
经MLST鉴定,菌株ST2120为神秘伯克霍尔德氏菌(B. aenigmatica),是本实验室2021年从手口湿巾中获得的一株新分型Bcc。张淑瑶等[12]已报道过其等位基因和耐药信息,该菌株7个管家基因中有4个是新等位基因。本研究120株Bcc (NMDCX数据中心编号为NMDCX0002141)中的BC86也属于2120分型。
菌株ST2120的菌落形态和革兰氏染色如图3所示,ST2120为白色不透明光滑菌落,边缘整齐,48 h培养后菌落周围出现褐色色素,为革兰氏阴性杆菌。
菌株ST2120的基因组序列全长为8 909 914 bp,平均G+C含量为65.73%,编码基因数量为8 192个。所有编码基因总长度为7 697 844 bp,编码区总长度占基因组总长度的 86.39%。此外,非编码RNA包含18个rRNA和70个tRNA。菌株ST2120有3条环状染色体,大小分别为3.6、1.2和3.4 Mb (图4),6条质粒大小从2.0-161.0 kb不等。其基因组序列已提交至GenBank数据库,登录号为CP184468-CP184476。
利用GBDP从整个蛋白质组中推断出的系统基因组树显示了菌株ST2120相对于最近物种的系统发育位置(图5) 。发育树显示,ST2120与Burkholderia aenigmatica LMG 13041T最为接近,其分类结果与MLSA发育树结果一致。
基于GO数据库对菌株ST2120基因组的编码基因进行功能注释,共获得5 647个基因的标准功能描述信息(图6)。涉及细胞组分(cellular component, CC)、分子功能(molecular function, MF)和生物学过程(biological process, BP)的基因数分别为6 018、6 864和8 999个。在生物学过程类别中,主要功能集中于代谢过程(metabolic process,2 554个基因)和单有机体过程(single-organism process,2 015个基因);分子功能主要涉及催化活性(catalytic activity,3 064个基因)和连接(binding,2 313个基因);膜(membrane,1 726个基因)、膜组成(membrane part,1 535个基因)以及细胞(cell,437个基因)是细胞组分中涉及的主要功能。
基于KEGG数据库的菌株ST2120功能注释分析结果如图7所示,共1 084个基因被注释到四大功能类别:新陈代谢(metabolism)、遗传信息处理(genetic information processing)、环境信息处理(environmental information processing)和细胞过程(cellular processes)。其中,新陈代谢相关基因占比最高,环境信息处理次之,细胞过程相关基因数量最少。在参与新陈代谢的基因中注释到氨基酸生物合成(biosynthesis of amino acids)的基因数最多(155个基因),其次是碳代谢(carbon metabolism,153个基因)、芳香化合物的降解(degradation of aromatic compounds,97个基因)和羧酸盐和二羧酸盐代谢(glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,79个基因)。
CARD包含描述抗生素及其靶标的信息,涉及抗生素抗性基因、相关蛋白、抗生素抗性机制等内容,用于抗生素抗性基因数据的分类。菌株ST2120注释到5种抗生素基因,分别是amrBamrAceoAceoBadeF,均起到抗生素外排泵作用。其中,amrBamrA可以外排氨基糖苷类抗生素,ceoAceoB参与氟喹诺酮类和氨基糖苷类抗生素的外排,adeF外排四环素类和氟喹诺酮类抗生素。
Bcc成员普遍表现出高水平固有耐药性,B. cenocepacia对多数临床常用抗生素耐药,Bcc分离株呈现多重耐药表型,尤其涵盖喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类及β-内酰胺类抗生素。根据作者前期发表的文章可知,菌株ST2120对氨基糖苷类抗生素和四环素耐药[12]
基因组分析和次生代谢物注释提供了菌株ST2120遗传含量的全面表征,为其潜在的生物学功能和产生次生代谢物的能力提供了见解。菌株ST2120基因组中次生代谢产物有8个生物合成基因簇(biosynthesis gene clusters, BGC),包括萜烯(terpene)、非核糖体肽-金属载体(NRP-metallophore, NRPS)、β-内酯(betalactone)、膦酸盐(phosphonate)和芳基聚烯(arylpolyene)基因簇(表3)。其中,ornibactin C8、chromobactin和N-acyloxyacyl glutamine比对分数较高(>50%)。Pacifibactin、APE Vf、dehydrofosmidomycin、Pf-5 pyoverdine和reveromycin A基因簇与已知化合物编码基因簇同源性较低,表明菌株ST2120具有合成新型且具有独特功能化合物的潜力。
Burkholderia sp.的毒力因子多样且复杂,涉及黏附、侵入、免疫逃避和生存等多个方面。不同种类的Burkholderia sp.具有独特的毒力因子,但也存在一些共同的毒力机制,如LPS、T3SS和T6SS。这些毒力因子协同作用,使Bcc能够在宿主体内建立感染并引发疾病[17]。利用细菌毒力因子精准鉴定平台——VFanalyzer对ST2120的毒力因子进行分析。VFanalyzer通过构建待测基因组与VFDB预分析参考基因组间的直系同源群组,有效规避旁系同源基因可能导致的假阳性问题,能够精准识别非典型/菌株特异性毒力因子。
菌株ST2120携带了160种毒力基因,按功能可分为黏附相关基因(32种)、分泌系统相关基因(21种)、调控相关基因(3种)、鞭毛相关基因(11种)、压力蛋白相关基因(10种)、铁摄取相关基因(23个)、防吞噬相关基因(6个)以及细胞毒性基因(13个)等。以存在于Burkholderia中的毒力因子为例,分析菌株ST2120中涉及黏附、效应传送系统、运动入侵宿主、免疫调节、群体感应以及表型调控的毒力因子,具体见表4。Type IV菌毛(pili)有助于细菌的黏附性和毒力[18]。Bsa T3SS和T6SS-1分别属于III型和VI型分泌系统(type III & type VI secretion system)产生的毒力因子,T3SS能够将效应蛋白直接输送到宿主细胞内,干扰宿主细胞的正常功能。类鼻疽伯克霍尔德氏菌(B. pseudomallei)利用T3SS逃避宿主免疫反应并促进细菌在细胞内的存活。T6SS用于细菌间的竞争和攻击,可杀死其他细菌或干扰宿主细胞。BimA在细菌细胞的一端诱导肌动蛋白聚合以促进细菌在宿主细胞内和宿主细胞之间的运动。极地鞭毛(flagella)是细菌运动和巨噬细胞入侵所必需的。荚膜合成(capsule I)是关键的毒力决定因子,其缺失可导致致病菌在动物疾病模型中的毒力显著减弱[19]。CdpA可动态调控细菌从自由运动向定殖侵染的表型转换。在B. cenocepacia中拥有多个群体感应系统(quorum-sensing, QS),这些系统在细菌的毒力和致病性中起重要作用[17]。群体感应系统在Bcc中普遍存在,可调控多种关键毒力表型,包括毒素分泌、蛋白酶/脂肪酶合成、铁载体产生、群集运动及生物膜形成[20]
尽管16S rRNA基因序列分析常用于新分类群的初步鉴定,但其在伯克霍尔德菌属分类中分辨率不足,尤其难以区分Bcc成员[9],MLST在过去20年中一直是广泛用于细菌分型和鉴定的金标准[21-22]。基于7个管家基因序列分析的MLST方法能够区分Bcc的物种水平和菌株水平。本研究采用MLST方法鉴定了120株工业污染Bcc,共得到38种不同ST分型的菌株。在鉴定过程中发现了22个新等位基因和20个新ST分型。通过MLSA发育树聚类鉴定了20株新分型菌株的物种。新的等位基因丰富了Bcc基因数据库,新分型菌株的信息可提高后续实验人员鉴定菌种的分类效率和准确率。
2020年以前,工业污染Bcc中占比较高的物种是B. lataB. cenocepaciaB. vietnamiensis[23-24]。2020年B. aenigmatica被确立为新的Bcc物种后,有研究者纠正了对B. aenigmatica的误分类[10-11],大部分B. aenigmatica此前都被误分类为B. lata。近几年研究发现,B. aenigmatica在工业污染Bcc中的占比增大,甚至超过了B. lata的比例,成为更为重要的Bcc物种类型[12]。与之前报道的30株日化产品Bcc相比[12],本研究鉴定了分离自日化产品、日化原料、日化环境、涂料和胶黏剂等的120株工业污染Bcc,菌株样本量较大,样品来源更为全面广泛。本研究结果显示,B. aenigmatica在工业微生物Bcc中的占比超过50%,已成为工业微生物中污染Bcc的主要物种类型根据张淑瑶等[12]的研究,尽管在不含抗生素的环境中被分离,大部分B. aenigmatica对四环素类和氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药,对山梨酸钾和苯甲酸钠等常见防腐剂也有较强的耐受性。其复杂的耐药机制和较强的存活能力使得B. aenigmatica频繁出现在工业微生物污染Bcc中。
目前对B. aenigmatica的研究主要集中在分类和耐药性方面,其已成为工业污染Bcc的主要成员,因此有必要对其进行更深入的研究,如基因组特征、代谢通路以及潜在危害性等。本研究基于Nanopore测序平台对一株来自日化产品的B. aenigmatica菌株ST2120进行全基因组测序,结果显示菌株ST2120的基因组序列全长为8 909 914 bp,含有3条环状染色体和6条质粒,平均G+C含量为65.73%。比较基因组发育树发现ST2120与B. aenigmatica LMG 13041T最为相近。功能注释分析表明,菌株ST2120中参与代谢过程的基因数量显著富集:GO注释显示代谢相关基因占比最高(2 554个),KEGG通路分析进一步证实新陈代谢相关基因主导功能分布(占注释基因总量的35.2%)。这种双数据库注释的一致性提示该菌株具有高效营养物质吸收与能量代谢的分子基础,可能构成其广泛环境适应性的重要机制。菌株ST2120注释到5种抗生素基因,amrBamrA编码AmrAB-OprM多药外排复合体的膜融合蛋白和亚基,AmrAB-OprM多药外排复合体是革兰氏阴性菌多药耐药的主要机制,ceoAceoB参与CeoAB-OpcM外排泵的构建,AmrAB-OprM和CeoAB-OpcM均属于耐药-结瘤-分裂家族外排泵(resistance-nodulation-division, RND),RND外排泵家族在Bcc中被大量鉴定出,使Bcc获得多药耐药,增加了临床治疗Bcc感染的困难[25]
对于ST2120的次级代谢产物基因簇,本研究着重讨论比对分数较高的几个基因簇(>50%):ornibactin C8、chromobactin和N-acyloxyacyl glutamine。非核糖体肽ornibactin C8是一种铁载体,能够与铁离子(Fe3+)形成高亲和力的复合物,帮助细菌在铁限制的环境中获取铁元素[26]。由于存在铁结合蛋白乳铁蛋白和CF呼吸道黏液的铁隔离特性,细菌病原体在CF肺部的定殖需要表达高亲和力的铁摄取系统[27]。在铁限制条件下,大多数临床分离的B. cenocepacia会产生铁载体ornibactin和pyochelin[28-29],并且这2种铁载体的产生与CF患者的发病率和死亡率相关[30]。Chromobactin最初在紫色色小杆菌(Chromobacterium violaceum)中被发现,这是一种能够产生紫色色素的革兰氏阴性细菌。Chromobactin的结构和功能类似于其他已知的铁载体(如奥尼巴汀和吡咯啉)。小鼠感染实验表明,chromobactin和viobactin的合成与摄取对C. violaceum的毒力至关重要,细胞外积累的铁载体可能调节宿主的免疫反应[31]。因此,ornibactin C8和ornibactin基因簇可能与致病性和毒力相关。N-acyloxyacyl glutamine (N-酰氧基酰基谷氨酰胺)属于N-酰基酰胺家族,它们通过胺头基和脂肪酸尾部进行区分[32]。N-酰氧基酰基谷氨酰胺被报道为由土壤细菌和一些人类病原体产生的天然产物[33]
菌株ST2120的毒力因素包含耐药性、铁载体相关基因簇和毒力基因等方面。结合耐药性数据和CARD数据库注释结果发现,菌株ST2120对氨基糖苷类、氟喹诺酮类以及四环素类抗生素耐药。2个与铁载体相关的基因簇ornibactin C8和ornibactin提高了菌株在特殊环境的生存能力和致病性。菌株ST2120携带的黏附、分泌系统、鞭毛、荚膜以及群体感应等相关毒力基因极大地增强了菌株对宿主的感染可能性。
综上所述,B. aenigmatica已成为主要的工业污染Bcc,B. aenigmatica菌株ST2120基因组中存在较为全面的毒力因子和致病因子,具有潜在致病性。
张淑瑶:MLST鉴定、数据分析、撰写文章;文霞:菌株信息统计、全基因组数据分析;苏皑庭:菌株分离培养;黄迪:菌株培养及保存;陶宏兵:数据收集;张桂芳:项目管理;许炎坤:菌种采样;谢小保:实验设计、文章审阅和修改。
作者声明不存在任何可能会影响本文所报告工作的已知经济利益或个人关系。
  • 广东省重点领域研发计划(2022B1111040002)
  • 广东省自然科学基金(2023A1515030059)
  • 广东省自然科学基金(2023A1515012057)
  • 广东省技术合同(2025440001000077)
  • 广州市科技计划(2024A04J5025)
  • 广东省科学院发展专项资金项目(2022GDASZH-2022010101)
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2025年第65卷第11期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250294
  • 接收时间:2025-04-09
  • 首发时间:2025-11-10
  • 出版时间:2025-11-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-09
  • 录用日期:2025-05-20
基金
Research and Development Plan in Key Areas of Guangdong Province(2022B1111040002)
广东省重点领域研发计划(2022B1111040002)
Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515030059)
广东省自然科学基金(2023A1515030059)
Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515012057)
广东省自然科学基金(2023A1515012057)
Guangdong Province Technical Contract(2025440001000077)
广东省技术合同(2025440001000077)
Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning(2024A04J5025)
广州市科技计划(2024A04J5025)
Guangdong Academy of Sciences (GDAS)’ Project of Science and Technology Development(2022GDASZH-2022010101)
广东省科学院发展专项资金项目(2022GDASZH-2022010101)
作者信息
    1 广东省科学院微生物研究所,广东省微生物分析检测中心,华南应用微生物国家重点实验室,广东省菌种保藏与应用重点实验室,广东 广州
    2 广东迪美生物技术有限公司 广东 广州

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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