Article(id=1194684379516608906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, issueId=1194684377813717012, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250318, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1744732800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1746720000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-09, onlineDate=1762764552239, onlineDateStr=2025-11-10, pubDate=1762185600000, pubDateStr=2025-11-04, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762764552239, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762764552239, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762764552239, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1194684377813717012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, year='2025', volume='65', issue='11', pageStart='4721', pageEnd='5182', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762764551833, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762764551833, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5119, endPage=5134, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1194684379696963981, articleId=1194684379516608906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=EN, title=Screening and activity evaluation of biocontrol bacteria against root rot pathogens of Panax notoginseng in the rhizosphere soil of Bletilla striata in rotation with P. notoginseng, columnId=1192149543992045670, journalTitle=Acta Microbiologica Sinica, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To screen the biocontrol bacterial isolates with antagonistic activity against root rot pathogens of Panax notoginseng from the rhizosphere of Bletilla striata in a P. notoginseng-B. striata rotation system, identify the isolates, and evaluate their control effects, thereby providing a scientific basis for the application of P. notoginseng-B. striata rotation in alleviating continuous cropping obstacles and screening biocontrol strains from the rhizosphere of the plants for rotation rather than from that of target plants in the plant rotation system for controlling soil-borne diseases in the field. Methods The dilution plate method was employed to isolate culturable microorganisms from the rhizosphere soil of B. striata. The antagonistic activities of the isolates against root rot pathogens of P. notoginseng were evaluated via the dual culture assay. Molecular identification was performed based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. In pot experiments, antagonistic bacteria were inoculated, and then the ability of antagonistic bacteria to control root rot was evaluated based on the root rot incidence of P. notoginseng. Results The rotation with B. striata significantly reduced the incidence and disease index of P. notoginseng root rot compared with continuous cropping. A total of 200 bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of B. striata, from which 25 strains exhibiting antagonistic activities against the root rot pathogens including Ilyonectria destructans RS6, Fusarium solani F3, and Fusarium oxysporum Z5 of P. notoginseng were screened out. The isolation efficiency of antagonistic bacteria was 12.5%. The 25 strains were identified as 12 species belonging to 5 genera, demonstrating rich diversity. There were 14 strains of Bacillus sp., including 4 strains of B. subtilis, 2 strains of B. velezensis, 6 strains of B. amyloliquefaciens, 1 strain of B. cereus, and 1 strain of B. toyonensis. There were 5 strains of Acinetobacter, including 2 strains of A. johnsonii, 2 strains of A. junii, and 1 strain of A. pittii. There were 4 strains of Pseudomonas, including 3 strains of P. putida and 1 strain of P. fulva. In addition, 1 strain of Enterobacter asburiae and 1 strain of Aeromonas caviae with antagonistic activities were isolated. Four strains (B. amyloliquefaciens BJ1, B. subtilis BJ7, B. amyloliquefaciens BJ8, and A. johnsonii YB10) antagonistic to all the three pathogens were applied to continuous cropping soil. They significantly reduced the root rot incidence and enhanced the fresh weight of P. notoginseng. Conclusion The rhizosphere soil of B. striata in rotation with P. notoginseng harbors diverse biocontrol strains against the root rot pathogens of P. notoginseng. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the rotation of P. notoginseng with B. striata to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles.

, correspAuthors=Min YANG, Cunwu GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: GUO Cunwu,
YANG Min,
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#These authors contributed equally to this work.

, authorsList=Bingbing JIANG, Shengshuang DUAN, Rui LI, Guoxi HOU, Luojuan ZHU, Lingfang BI, Shusheng ZHU, Min YANG, Cunwu GUO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1194684875539194126, articleId=1194684379516608906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, language=CN, title=基于与三七轮作的白及根际土壤中拮抗三七根腐病菌的生防细菌筛选及活性评价, columnId=1192149544164012138, journalTitle=微生物学报, columnName=研究报告, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 从与三七(Panax notoginseng)轮作的白及(Bletilla striata)根际筛选对三七根腐病菌具有拮抗效应的生防细菌,对其进行鉴定并开展防效评价,为利用药-药轮作模式缓解三七连作障碍的应用技术提供科学依据,也为在植物轮作控制病害体系中从轮作植物根际而非靶标病害植物根际筛选生防菌株并应用于田间防控提供参考。 方法 采用稀释涂布平板法从白及根际土壤中分离可培养微生物,运用平板对峙培养法评价分离所得菌株对三七根腐病菌的拮抗活性,利用16S rRNA基因序列分析进行分子鉴定,通过拮抗细菌的盆栽灌根接种法调查根腐病发病率以评价拮抗细菌防治三七根腐病的能力。 结果 与连作土相比,轮作白及处理显著降低了后茬三七根腐病的发病率和病情指数。从白及根际共分离得到200株菌,筛选出对毁灭柱孢菌(Ilyonectria destruction) RS6、腐皮镰孢菌(Fusarium solani) F3和尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum) Z5这3种三七致病菌具有拮抗效果的菌株共25株,拮抗菌的分离效率为12.5%,涵盖5个属共12个种,表明白及根部拮抗菌种类具有高度多样性。其中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus) 14株,包括枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis) 4株、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis) 2株、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) 6株、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus) 1株、东洋芽孢杆菌(Bacillus toyonensis) 1株;不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)5株,包括约氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter johnsonii) 2株、琼氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter junii) 2株以及皮氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter pittii) 1株;假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas) 4株,包括恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)3株、黄褐假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fulva)1株;阿氏肠杆菌(Enterobacter asburiae) 1株;豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae) 1株。将对3个病原菌均有拮抗作用的4株细菌菌株,即解淀粉芽孢杆菌BJ1、枯草芽孢杆菌BJ7、解淀粉芽孢杆菌BJ8、约氏不动杆菌YB10添加到连作土中能显著降低三七根腐病发病率并提高三七的鲜重。 结论 与三七轮作的白及根际土壤中存在多种对三七根腐病具有较好防控效果的生防菌株,本研究为三七-白及轮作缓解连作障碍提供了理论支撑。

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3 College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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3 云南农业大学 植物保护学院,云南 昆明
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3 College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1194980529041817605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379516608906, authorId=1194980528844685312, language=CN, stringName=李瑞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1 云南农业大学,农业生物多样性与病虫害控制教育部重点实验室,云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,云南 昆明
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Biocontrol potential of Chaetomium globosum against Fusarium spp.-the pathogenic fungi of Panax notoginseng root rot diseases[D]. Kunming: Yunnan University, 2018 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1194980538739048596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379516608906, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=329, issue=null, pageStart=117069, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=YANG K, WANG HL, LUO LF, ZHU SS, HUANG HP, WEI ZX, ZHU YY, GUO LW, HE XH, journalName=Journal of Environmental Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG K, WANG HL, LUO LF, ZHU SS, HUANG HP, WEI ZX, ZHU YY, GUO LW, HE XH. Effects of different soil moisture on the growth, quality, and root rot disease of organic Panax notoginseng cultivated under pine forests[J]. 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379516608906, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Effect of Bletilla striata rotation on seeding survived rate and disease index of Panax notoginseng. A: Growth difference after replanting P. notoginseng rotation with B. striata; B: Difference in root rot rate index of P. notoginseng in soil treated with B. striata rotation; C: Difference in disease index of P. notoginseng in soil treated with B. striata rotation. CS: Continuous cropping soil of P. notoginseng; BS: P. notoginseng soil rotation with B. striata. Different lowercase letters such as a and b in figure indicate significant differences (P<0.05) between treatments., figureFileSmall=xcqRiu5kf/cTjkLvQjL7ag==, figureFileBig=KVS3nf10FWxdEkK3x931Cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980534473441365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379516608906, language=CN, label=图1, caption=白及轮作对三七连作土壤中三七根腐病及其病情指数的影响。A:轮作白及土壤再植三七后的生长表现;B:轮作处理土壤中的三七根腐病指数差异;C:轮作处理土壤中的病情指数差异。CS:连作土壤;BS:白及轮作土壤处理。图片上不同的小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。, figureFileSmall=xcqRiu5kf/cTjkLvQjL7ag==, figureFileBig=KVS3nf10FWxdEkK3x931Cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194980534590881880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379516608906, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Phylogenetic tree constructed from 25 target strains and reference sequences. 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A: Growth difference of P. notoginseng under different soil treatments; B: Seedling survival rate; C: Root biomass; D: Aboveground biomass; E: Plant height. S: Sterilized soil using continuous cropping soil of P. notoginseng; CS: Continuous cropping soil of P. notoginseng; S+BJ1: Sterilized soil inoculated with BJ1; CS+BJ1: CS soil inoculated with BJ1. Different lowercase letters such as a and b in figure indicate significant differences between treatments. 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Antibacterial activity of biocontrol bacterium against Panax notoginseng root rot fungi

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Strain numberSpecies nameInhibition rate of pathogenic fungi (mean±SE)
I. destruction RS6F. solani F3F. oxysporum Z5
CFC15A. johnsonii--33.39±1.45
YB10A. johnsonii27.81±2.5230.87±1.8452.36±2.91
FX15A. junii--10.09±1.79
LB14A. junii-44.21±2.11-
YB12A. pittii-35.58±3.7641.70±1.59
FX13A. caviae--8.06±1.65
BJ1B. amyloliquefaciens43.29±1.8158.82±3.1350.83±1.39
BJ8B. amyloliquefaciens43.78±1.4357.01±1.6354.08±1.41
LB22B. amyloliquefaciens22.54±2.9728.37±3.19-
YB11B. amyloliquefaciens--51.03±1.44
YB13B. amyloliquefaciens32.27±1.3547.83±2.69-
YB14B. amyloliquefaciens-47.39±1.64-
DD4B. cereus-24.77±4.88-
BG7B. subtilis44.06±2.0549.35±1.2639.60±1.82
DD27B. subtilis41.81±2.3128.37±1.6544.51±2.14
LB21B. subtilis23.89±2.598.17±2.0725.20±1.71
LB27B. subtilis31.89±1.8818.75±2.1634.55±2.18
DD26B. toyonensis-32.53±2.07-
YB1B. velezensis-41.09±2.0348.00±2.11
YB9B. velezensis35.03±4.7647.32±1.47-
FX14E. asburiae--15.65±1.45
YB19P. fulva--31.88±1.27
LB7P. putida5.63±1.09--
DD12P. putida19.77±2.57--
LB16P. putida-31.56±3.09-
), ArticleFig(id=1194980537040355441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1192105938417971205, articleId=1194684379516608906, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

对三七根腐病菌具有拮抗活性的25株拮抗菌信息及拮抗率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Strain numberSpecies nameInhibition rate of pathogenic fungi (mean±SE)
I. destruction RS6F. solani F3F. oxysporum Z5
CFC15A. johnsonii--33.39±1.45
YB10A. johnsonii27.81±2.5230.87±1.8452.36±2.91
FX15A. junii--10.09±1.79
LB14A. junii-44.21±2.11-
YB12A. pittii-35.58±3.7641.70±1.59
FX13A. caviae--8.06±1.65
BJ1B. amyloliquefaciens43.29±1.8158.82±3.1350.83±1.39
BJ8B. amyloliquefaciens43.78±1.4357.01±1.6354.08±1.41
LB22B. amyloliquefaciens22.54±2.9728.37±3.19-
YB11B. amyloliquefaciens--51.03±1.44
YB13B. amyloliquefaciens32.27±1.3547.83±2.69-
YB14B. amyloliquefaciens-47.39±1.64-
DD4B. cereus-24.77±4.88-
BG7B. subtilis44.06±2.0549.35±1.2639.60±1.82
DD27B. subtilis41.81±2.3128.37±1.6544.51±2.14
LB21B. subtilis23.89±2.598.17±2.0725.20±1.71
LB27B. subtilis31.89±1.8818.75±2.1634.55±2.18
DD26B. toyonensis-32.53±2.07-
YB1B. velezensis-41.09±2.0348.00±2.11
YB9B. velezensis35.03±4.7647.32±1.47-
FX14E. asburiae--15.65±1.45
YB19P. fulva--31.88±1.27
LB7P. putida5.63±1.09--
DD12P. putida19.77±2.57--
LB16P. putida-31.56±3.09-
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基于与三七轮作的白及根际土壤中拮抗三七根腐病菌的生防细菌筛选及活性评价
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江冰冰 1, 2, # , 段生双 1, 3, 4, # , 李瑞 1, 3 , 侯国喜 1, 3 , 朱罗娟 1, 3 , 毕玲芳 1, 3 , 朱书生 1, 3 , 杨敏 1, 3, * , 郭存武 1, 3, *
微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025,65(11): 5119-5134
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微生物学报 | 研究报告 2025, 65(11): 5119-5134
基于与三七轮作的白及根际土壤中拮抗三七根腐病菌的生防细菌筛选及活性评价
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江冰冰1, 2, #, 段生双1, 3, 4, #, 李瑞1, 3, 侯国喜1, 3, 朱罗娟1, 3, 毕玲芳1, 3, 朱书生1, 3, 杨敏1, 3, * , 郭存武1, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1 云南农业大学,农业生物多样性与病虫害控制教育部重点实验室,云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,云南 昆明
  • 2 云南农业大学 茶学院,云南 昆明
  • 3 云南农业大学 植物保护学院,云南 昆明
  • 4 陇川县农业农村局,云南 德宏
Screening and activity evaluation of biocontrol bacteria against root rot pathogens of Panax notoginseng in the rhizosphere soil of Bletilla striata in rotation with P. notoginseng
Bingbing JIANG1, 2, Shengshuang DUAN1, 3, 4, Rui LI1, 3, Guoxi HOU1, 3, Luojuan ZHU1, 3, Lingfang BI1, 3, Shusheng ZHU1, 3, Min YANG1, 3, * , Cunwu GUO1, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
  • 2 College of Tea Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
  • 3 College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
  • 4 Longchuan County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dehong, Yunnan, China
出版时间: 2025-11-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250318
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目的 从与三七(Panax notoginseng)轮作的白及(Bletilla striata)根际筛选对三七根腐病菌具有拮抗效应的生防细菌,对其进行鉴定并开展防效评价,为利用药-药轮作模式缓解三七连作障碍的应用技术提供科学依据,也为在植物轮作控制病害体系中从轮作植物根际而非靶标病害植物根际筛选生防菌株并应用于田间防控提供参考。 方法 采用稀释涂布平板法从白及根际土壤中分离可培养微生物,运用平板对峙培养法评价分离所得菌株对三七根腐病菌的拮抗活性,利用16S rRNA基因序列分析进行分子鉴定,通过拮抗细菌的盆栽灌根接种法调查根腐病发病率以评价拮抗细菌防治三七根腐病的能力。 结果 与连作土相比,轮作白及处理显著降低了后茬三七根腐病的发病率和病情指数。从白及根际共分离得到200株菌,筛选出对毁灭柱孢菌(Ilyonectria destruction) RS6、腐皮镰孢菌(Fusarium solani) F3和尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum) Z5这3种三七致病菌具有拮抗效果的菌株共25株,拮抗菌的分离效率为12.5%,涵盖5个属共12个种,表明白及根部拮抗菌种类具有高度多样性。其中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus) 14株,包括枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis) 4株、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis) 2株、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) 6株、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus) 1株、东洋芽孢杆菌(Bacillus toyonensis) 1株;不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)5株,包括约氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter johnsonii) 2株、琼氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter junii) 2株以及皮氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter pittii) 1株;假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas) 4株,包括恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)3株、黄褐假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fulva)1株;阿氏肠杆菌(Enterobacter asburiae) 1株;豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae) 1株。将对3个病原菌均有拮抗作用的4株细菌菌株,即解淀粉芽孢杆菌BJ1、枯草芽孢杆菌BJ7、解淀粉芽孢杆菌BJ8、约氏不动杆菌YB10添加到连作土中能显著降低三七根腐病发病率并提高三七的鲜重。 结论 与三七轮作的白及根际土壤中存在多种对三七根腐病具有较好防控效果的生防菌株,本研究为三七-白及轮作缓解连作障碍提供了理论支撑。

白及  /  白及-三七轮作  /  根腐病  /  根际土壤  /  生防菌

Objective To screen the biocontrol bacterial isolates with antagonistic activity against root rot pathogens of Panax notoginseng from the rhizosphere of Bletilla striata in a P. notoginseng-B. striata rotation system, identify the isolates, and evaluate their control effects, thereby providing a scientific basis for the application of P. notoginseng-B. striata rotation in alleviating continuous cropping obstacles and screening biocontrol strains from the rhizosphere of the plants for rotation rather than from that of target plants in the plant rotation system for controlling soil-borne diseases in the field. Methods The dilution plate method was employed to isolate culturable microorganisms from the rhizosphere soil of B. striata. The antagonistic activities of the isolates against root rot pathogens of P. notoginseng were evaluated via the dual culture assay. Molecular identification was performed based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. In pot experiments, antagonistic bacteria were inoculated, and then the ability of antagonistic bacteria to control root rot was evaluated based on the root rot incidence of P. notoginseng. Results The rotation with B. striata significantly reduced the incidence and disease index of P. notoginseng root rot compared with continuous cropping. A total of 200 bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of B. striata, from which 25 strains exhibiting antagonistic activities against the root rot pathogens including Ilyonectria destructans RS6, Fusarium solani F3, and Fusarium oxysporum Z5 of P. notoginseng were screened out. The isolation efficiency of antagonistic bacteria was 12.5%. The 25 strains were identified as 12 species belonging to 5 genera, demonstrating rich diversity. There were 14 strains of Bacillus sp., including 4 strains of B. subtilis, 2 strains of B. velezensis, 6 strains of B. amyloliquefaciens, 1 strain of B. cereus, and 1 strain of B. toyonensis. There were 5 strains of Acinetobacter, including 2 strains of A. johnsonii, 2 strains of A. junii, and 1 strain of A. pittii. There were 4 strains of Pseudomonas, including 3 strains of P. putida and 1 strain of P. fulva. In addition, 1 strain of Enterobacter asburiae and 1 strain of Aeromonas caviae with antagonistic activities were isolated. Four strains (B. amyloliquefaciens BJ1, B. subtilis BJ7, B. amyloliquefaciens BJ8, and A. johnsonii YB10) antagonistic to all the three pathogens were applied to continuous cropping soil. They significantly reduced the root rot incidence and enhanced the fresh weight of P. notoginseng. Conclusion The rhizosphere soil of B. striata in rotation with P. notoginseng harbors diverse biocontrol strains against the root rot pathogens of P. notoginseng. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the rotation of P. notoginseng with B. striata to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles.

Bletilla striata  /  B. striata-Panax notoginseng rotation  /  root rot  /  rhizosphere soil  /  biocontrol bacterium
江冰冰, 段生双, 李瑞, 侯国喜, 朱罗娟, 毕玲芳, 朱书生, 杨敏, 郭存武. 基于与三七轮作的白及根际土壤中拮抗三七根腐病菌的生防细菌筛选及活性评价. 微生物学报, 2025 , 65 (11) : 5119 -5134 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250318
Bingbing JIANG, Shengshuang DUAN, Rui LI, Guoxi HOU, Luojuan ZHU, Lingfang BI, Shusheng ZHU, Min YANG, Cunwu GUO. Screening and activity evaluation of biocontrol bacteria against root rot pathogens of Panax notoginseng in the rhizosphere soil of Bletilla striata in rotation with P. notoginseng[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (11) : 5119 -5134 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250318
三七[Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen ex C. H. Chow]为五加科人参属多年生草本植物,是我国特有的名贵中药材,其活性成分对心脑血管疾病具有显著保护作用[1]。然而,由尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、毁灭柱孢菌(Ilyonectria destructans)等真菌复合侵染引发的根腐病[2-3]致使三七连作障碍周期长达15-30年,严重威胁该产业的可持续发展[4]。长期过量使用化学防治方法易引发病原菌抗药性,还会增加土壤环境污染及农药残留等风险[5]。此外,土壤消毒等物理手段存在病原菌快速再殖的缺陷[6]。基于植物根际土著微生物的生防策略,因其兼具生态安全性与宿主适应性已成为解决土传病害的新兴策略[7-8]。研究表明,在单作体系中抑病微生物因在竞争有限的根系分泌物资源时处于劣势,导致其丰度下降,进而削弱植物的抵抗能力[9]。相比之下,作物轮作可通过定向富集功能微生物来缓解土传病害的危害。例如,大豆-油菜轮作显著富集鞘脂单胞菌、芽孢杆菌、链霉菌、木霉等拮抗菌群从而抑制根肿菌[10]。三七-姜薏米轮作通过募集棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)降低三七连作障碍的危害[11]。前期研究表明,利用白及与三七轮作能降低后茬三七的根腐病发病率和病情指数,由此推测用于轮作三七的白及根际可能富集了能拮抗三七根腐病原菌(如Fusarium solani)的功能微生物。
目前,在三七与白及轮作体系中哪些根际特有的生防菌株在减轻三七根腐病中发挥作用,且这些生防菌中有哪些是来源于白及轮作后的根系中,以及这些菌株对三七根腐病原菌的拮抗作用和防效在三七与白及轮作体系中的相关研究仍属空白,这阻碍了白及与三七轮作中微生物精准调控推动产业应用的发展。
芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)因其具有广谱抑菌性与环境适应性在作物病害防控中展现出重要潜力[12]。它可通过单菌抑病与跨界协同2种路径实现病害防控。在单一菌株应用方面,耐盐芽孢杆菌QTH8对引起小麦茎基腐的禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)表现出显著抑制作用[7];利用2株芽孢杆菌可有效防控枸杞根腐病[13];芽孢杆菌被证实是三七根腐病抑病微生物群的核心成员[14-15]。在协同增效方面,芽孢杆菌与其他微生物联用可形成稳定的互作网络。例如,枯草芽孢杆菌SL44与霍氏肠杆菌Wu15联用可协同抑制苹果炭疽病[16];贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)与AM真菌(Rhizophagus irregularis)互作可激活抗病代谢物合成[17];芽孢杆菌与哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)或假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)联用则可通过生物膜形成与代谢互养协同增强植物抗性[18]。除芽孢杆菌属外,假单胞菌属及溶杆菌属也常用于防治多种作物土传病害,如枯萎病、猝倒病、根腐病等[11]。利用核心微生物菌群来抵抗土传病原菌已应用于防控三七根腐病的发生[14],这表明生物防治菌株筛选在土传病害防控中具有重要意义。
目前,三七生防细菌的筛选主要通过三七根际土壤进行[14,19]。轮作作为防控作物土传病害最为生态环保的措施,但在轮作体系中开发轮作作物中的生防资源尚未得到广泛利用。例如,利用薏米-三七、水稻-芹菜、小麦-玉米轮作模式证明,可通过富集根际有益菌群提高作物产量并抑制病害[8,10,20-22],其机制与轮作作物驱动根际代谢组变化调节土壤微生物有关[23],但针对轮作作物根际筛选靶向生防菌的研究仍较少。众多研究表明,从白及根内分离的伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia sp.) YZU-S230和从根际分离到的芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、木霉属(Trichoderma)分别能抑制西瓜枯萎病菌孢子萌发和白及根腐致病菌的生长[24-25],这表明白及与三七轮作体系中白及根际-内生生防微生物可能是轮作降低三七根腐病的主要原因之一。然而,目前对白及根际微生物的挖掘和功能开发的研究仍非常有限,主要表现在两方面:(1) 白及拮抗菌株的筛选尚未系统性开展;(2) 利用白及与三七轮作还处于功能验证和探索阶段,针对三七根腐病关键病原菌的特异性拮抗菌株筛选仍属空白,这严重阻碍了三七-白及轮作技术的生防应用转化。
本研究评价三七-白及轮作体系对三七连作障碍效应的缓解作用,系统筛选轮作白及根际中拮抗三七根腐病菌的功能菌株,并验证目标菌株从离体到土壤环境的防控效果,以期为白及与三七轮作提供理论依据,为筛选重要的生防微生物资源应用于三七根腐病防控提供参考。
在云南省普洱市澜沧拉祜族自治县竹塘乡大塘子林下中药材基地(22°49′13″N,99°46′57″E,海拔1 457.81 m),于土壤进行2年三七种植后收集土壤。将土壤一分为二,分别进行三七继续连作种植(连作)和白及轮作种植(轮作)处理。待三七和白及均种植2年后收集上述2种处理土壤分别复种一年生三七种苗。60 d后调查2种处理土壤复种三七的根腐病发病率和病情指数,比较连作土和白及轮作土对三七根腐病的影响。
参照Wei等[26]的方法,测定轮作白及前的三七收获土壤(本地土壤)的基础理化性质,测定结果为:pH 5.42、电导率76.07 (μS/cm)、有机质43.25 (g/kg)、速效钾289.26 (mg/kg)、碱解氮188.56 (mg/kg)、有效磷60.73 (mg/kg)。种植2年白及后采集健康白及根际土壤,随后过0.15 mm筛获取细根际土,分装至50 mL无菌离心管,后续用于根际土壤微生物分离。
毁灭柱孢菌(I. destruction) RS6、腐皮镰孢菌(F. solani) F3、尖孢镰孢菌(F. oxysporum) Z5,均为实验室前期分离保存并验证其功能的三七根腐病原菌。
一年期三七苗,取自寻甸大河桥基地(25°31′8.0″N,103°16′41.6″E,海拔1 980 m)。
PDA培养基(g/L):马铃薯200.0,葡萄糖20.0,琼脂20.0。
LB培养基(g/L):氯化钠10.0,蛋白胨10.0,酵母膏15.0,琼脂20.0。
麦芽浸膏琼脂MEA (malt extract agar)培养基(g/L):麦芽浸粉30.0,大豆蛋白胨3.0,琼脂15.0。
强化梭菌reinforced clostridium medium (RCM)培养基(g/L):牛肉浸出粉10.0,蛋白胨10.0,酵母浸粉3.0,可溶性淀粉1.0,l-半胱氨酸盐酸盐0.5,氯化钠5.0,醋酸钠3.0,葡萄糖5.0,琼脂0.5。
放线菌培养基(改良高氏1号) (g/L):硝酸钾1.0,磷酸氢二钾0.5,硫酸镁0.5,硫酸亚铁0.01,氯化钠0.5,可溶性淀粉20.0,琼脂15.0。
假单胞杆菌培养基(CN琼脂) (g/L):明胶蛋白胨16.0,蛋白胨10.0,硫酸钾10.0,硫酸镁1.4,溴化十六烷基三甲铵0.2,萘啶酮酸0.015,琼脂15.0。
胰蛋白胨大豆培养基(TSA) (g/L):胰蛋白胨15.0,大豆胨5.0,氯化钠5.0,琼脂15.0。
NA营养琼脂培养基(g/L):蛋白胨10.0、牛肉浸粉3.0,氯化钠5.0,琼脂15.0。
上述培养基中,除PDA需自行配制外,其他培养基均购自青岛海博生物技术有限公司。
电子天平,梅特勒托利多科技(中国)有限公司;电磁炉,广东美的生活电器制造有限公司;高压立体式灭菌锅,致微(厦门)仪器有限公司;超洁净工作台,苏州安泰空气技术有限公司;恒温振荡器,上海智城分析仪器制造有限公司;恒温培养箱,埃朗科技国际贸易(上海)有限公司;移液枪,Eppendorf公司;酶标仪,美谷分子仪器(上海)有限公司。
参照张小霞等[27]的梯度稀释方法对白及的根际土壤可培养微生物进行分离。称取5 g 2年生白及根际土,加入装有45 mL灭菌水的100 mL锥形瓶中,置于恒温振荡器中28 ℃、180 r/min振荡30 min,静置10 min后取上清液,制备10-1 g/mL的土壤菌悬液。采用10倍梯度稀释法,用移液器依次吸取1 mL土壤悬浮液转移至9 mL无菌水中,得到10-2 g/mL的土壤悬浮液,依次连续稀释得到10-3、10-4、10-5 g/mL的土壤菌悬液。
取上述各个浓度稀释液100 μL均匀涂布在8种不同培养基的平板上,分别为PDA、LB、麦芽浸膏琼脂MEA、强化梭菌RCM、改良高氏1号、NA营养琼脂、假单胞杆菌培养基、胰蛋白胨大豆培养基。每个稀释梯度设3个生物学重复,涂布后平板于30 ℃恒温培养箱中倒置培养3 d。待菌落形成后,挑取单一菌株接种到新的平板上,经LB固体培养基平板划线纯化3次后,将纯化菌株保存于液面加甘油的5 mL液体LB培养基中。
采用平板对峙法[28]评价分离菌株对三七根腐病原菌的拮抗活性。将活化培养的RS6、F3、Z5接种在PDA培养基中心位置,再将分离的细菌接种在距离中心菌株外圈半径为2.5 cm的正交四点位置,标注细菌编号,每个菌株设3个生物学重复,以未接种拮抗菌的平板为阴性对照。所有平板置于28 ℃恒温培养箱内培养5-7 d,采用十字交叉法测量病原菌菌落半径,按公式(1)计算抑菌率。
抑菌率=[(对照菌落半径-对峙培养菌落半径)/对照菌落半径]×100%
初筛对三七根腐病原菌有拮抗作用的菌株。接着对有拮抗作用的菌株再次进行平板对峙实验,再次验证所筛选菌株的抑制效果,并测定分离菌株对三七根腐病原菌的抑制率,同时拍照记录。
选取上述对三七根腐病原菌有抑制效果的菌株,采用CTAB法提取基因组DNA,以细菌通用引物27F (5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCA G-3′)和1492R (5′-TACGGCTACCTTGTTACGA CTT-3′)扩增16S rRNA基因片段[27]。PCR反应体系(50 μL):1×TSE102金牌酶Mix 45 μL,上、下游引物(10 μmol/L)各2 μL,模板DNA 1 μL。PCR扩增程序:98 ℃ 2 min;98 ℃ 10 s,56 ℃ 20 s,72 ℃ 20 s,共35个循环;72 ℃ 5 min。PCR产物送擎科生物科技有限公司测序。菌株基因序列在NCBI进行比对,选取相似度≥99%的参考序列,采用MEGA 11.0软件邻接法(neighbor-joining method)构建系统发育树,bootstrap值设定为1 000次重复。
参照Guo等[14]的方法对拮抗细菌菌悬液进行培养和盆栽接种实验准备。选取对3种根腐病菌均具有拮抗效果的细菌菌株,在NA固体培养基上28 ℃进行活化。活化后挑取单菌落接种至NA液体培养基中,于28 ℃、160 r/min振荡培养48 h。使用酶标仪将上述活化的拮抗菌的菌液浓度用无菌水调至OD600=0.5,用于盆栽三七接种。
试验于2023年8月在云南农业大学寻甸大河桥基地的温室进行。采集2年三七连作土,经121 ℃灭菌30 min后,每盆称取2.5 kg土于试验盆(下直径13.2 cm×上直径18.4 cm×高16.4 cm)中。选择长势一致的健康一年生三七苗移栽,每盆移栽8株。一周后加入上述不同菌株的菌悬液。本研究共设置4个处理:灭菌土处理(灭菌土+无菌培养基浇灌,50 mL/盆);灭菌土+生防菌处理(灭菌土+拮抗菌液浇灌,50 mL/盆);连作土处理(连作土+无菌培养基浇灌,50 mL/盆);连作土+生防菌处理(连作土+拮抗菌液浇灌,50 mL/盆)。
每组设6个生物学重复,随机区组排列。移栽7 d后进行首次灌菌,此后隔30 d再灌1次,共2次。处理60 d后,统计根腐发病率和病情指数。
本研究中所得所有数据均通过Microsoft Excel 2019进行整理,采用IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0软件进行方差分析和显著性分析,利用GraphPad Prism 9.5完成图片绘制。
处理60 d后调查三七的根腐病发病情况和病情指数。与连作土相比,轮作白及显著降低了三七连作土中三七根腐病的发病率和病情指数(图1B、1C),表明白及轮作根际土壤中募集了可抵御根腐病的有益菌。
采用稀释涂布平板法从白及轮作根际土中分离可培养微生物,共获得200株细菌菌株。通过平板对峙法,用三七根腐病原菌RS6、F3和Z5对其进行筛选,结果显示其中25株菌对上述3个病原菌表现出拮抗活性,菌株的分离拮抗率为12.5%。其中,对Z5有拮抗效果的菌株有15株,对RS6有拮抗效果的菌株有12株,对F3有拮抗效果的菌株有17株,同时对Z5、F3和RS6均具有拮抗作用的有7株(表1)。
将25株拮抗菌的测序结果与NCBI GenBank数据库比对,系统发育树聚类结果显示:芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus) 14株,其中枯草芽孢杆菌(B. subtilis) 4株、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B. velezensis) 2株、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliquefaciens) 6株、蜡样芽孢杆菌(B. cereus) 1株、东洋芽孢杆菌(B. toyonensis) 1株;不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter) 5株,包括约氏不动杆菌(A. johnsonii)2株、琼氏不动杆菌(A. junii) 2株以及皮氏不动杆菌(A. pittii) 1株;假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas) 4株,包括恶臭假单胞菌(P. putida)3株、黄褐假单胞菌(P. fulva)1株;阿氏肠杆菌(Enterobacter asburiae)1株,豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae) 1株(图2)。可见,白及根际土壤中三七生防拮抗菌具有丰富的多样性。
25株拮抗菌中,4个菌株对3个三七根腐病原菌的生长均有较好的抑制效果,为潜在的生防菌株(图3),可用于后续的盆栽根部接种验证评价。解淀粉芽孢杆菌BJ1对三七根腐病原菌RS6、F3和Z5的生长抑制率分别为43.29%、58.82%、50.83%,枯草芽孢杆菌BJ7的拮抗率分别为44.06%、49.35%、39.6%,解淀粉芽孢杆菌BJ8的拮抗率分别为43.78%、57.01%、54.08%,约氏不动杆菌YB10的拮抗率分别为27.81%、30.87%、52.36%。
将4株拮抗菌株BJ1、BJ7、BJ8、YB10分别制备成菌液浇灌到盆栽三七根部,60 d后调查三七根腐病发病率。BJ7、BJ8、YB10浇灌于三七连作土中后,与不添加相比可显著提高三七存苗率,BJ1也可提高存苗率,但未达显著水平(图4)。此外,在连作土中加入4种拮抗菌可增加三七植株的株高,以及地上部分和根的生物量(图4-7)。
本研究在白及与三七轮作体系中,从白及根际土壤中筛选出25株对RS6、F3、Z5等三七根腐病原菌具有拮抗活性的菌株。其中,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)占比56% (14/25),验证了该属在生防中的核心地位[29]。结合连作土盆栽试验中添加这些菌株对三七根腐病的防控效应,不仅证实了轮作白及根际拮抗菌株的生防挖掘潜力,更为解析三七-白及轮作缓解连作障碍的微生物学机制提供了理论依据。拮抗菌中芽孢杆菌占比高,与其合成抗菌物质(脂肽类、聚酮类化合物)、竞争生态位及诱导植物抗性密切相关[30-32]。本研究从白及轮作根际土中分离到的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B. velezensis)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliquefaciens)、枯草芽孢杆菌(B. subtilis)等菌株,对三七根腐病菌具有较好的防控效果。这与这些菌株在人参、菊花和花椒根腐病、辣椒枯萎病等土传病害中同样具有较好效果相一致[33-36],这可能与菌株代谢产物兼具抑菌与促生功能有关[16,30]。此外,本研究从轮作土中还分离到了B. cereusB. toyonensisA. johnsoniiA. juniiA. caviaeE. asburiaeP. fulvaP. putida等多种对三七根腐病菌具有生防作用的菌株。假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)等菌株被证实可能通过产生铁载体、抗生素或溶菌酶产生拮抗活性,从而防治烟草、香蕉等土传病害[37-40]。从盐生植物蒙古柳中分离出的阿氏肠杆菌(E. asburiae) A103具有促进紫花苜蓿生长的特性[41],恶臭假单胞菌(P. putida)通过细菌VI型分泌系统(T6SS)的活性抵御植物病原菌的侵袭[42],其与芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)协同作用时能提升生物防治效果[43-44]。从白及根际分离到的这些土著微生物在三七根腐病防治中的生防机理及菌株之间的协同效应仍需进一步探究。下一步可通过建立根际微生物互作网络模型全面揭示白及与三七轮作模式调控三七连作障碍的应用机制。
白及根际分离获得多种生防菌的结果验证了“跨作物根际生防微生物资源挖掘”策略在三七连作障碍防控中的应用价值。一直以来,筛选防治三七根腐病的生防菌均是从三七根际土壤中进行分离。本研究重点探讨了三七与白及轮作体系中从轮作植物白及根部而非靶标防控作物三七根部进行生防菌筛选。结果表明,从轮作植物白及根部分离到的芽孢杆菌BJ1、BJ7、BJ8及约氏不动杆菌YB10等菌株对I. destructansF. solaniF. oxysporum均具有显著抑制效果。这提示轮作驱动的微生物定向组装也是生防资源挖掘的有效途径。特别是在防控效果较好的轮作体系中,轮作作物可能通过根际分泌物募集生防菌并提升抑菌能力。利用轮作作物定向筛选可保证获得的生防菌株来源于轮作作物的根系诱导,更直接有效。这一思路后续可通过在更多的轮作体系中分离并验证,例如从被证实对病害具有调控作用的花生-其他作物、辣椒-香蕉、茄子-香蕉、大豆-油菜等轮作体系中[8-9,45],验证轮作植物中是否也存在大量有益微生物可为靶标作物的土传病害提供生防资源。
白及轮作募集有益微生物降低三七根腐病,其可能的机制如下。(1) 白及根际微生物的富集可能受化感物质介导。根系分泌物介导植物募集根际有益微生物以表现病害抑病性[46]。姜根系分泌物通过改变菊花根际微生物群落,进而促进有益微生物伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia sp.)的定殖[47];三七根系分泌物中的肉桂酸等物质可募集根际有益菌Burkholderia B36来减轻三七根腐病[48];光照胁迫下三七根系调控分泌黄酮类物质来募集铜绿假单胞菌(P. aeruginosa)缓解三七根腐病[15]。值得注意的是,在人体健康研究方面已有研究报道白及寡糖更易被多种肠道细菌分解和利用,从而影响肠道内环境,有利于人体健康[49]。(2) 白及根际-内生菌群可能存在跨界面信号进行互作。本研究发现白及根际分离到假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)生防菌株,该菌属在王红莹等[50]的研究中从白及根内生菌中分离获得过,推测这类菌是否在根际和根内之间进行交流和迁移。当白及与三七轮作时,其内生菌可能通过根系释放至土壤中,其是否存在菌群互作网络仍需通过宏基因组学和代谢组等多组学技术进一步解析。
尽管本研究明确了4株拮抗菌株在三七连作土壤中防治三七根腐病的应用潜力,但仍需关注以下问题:菌株的环境适应性方面,盆栽试验与田间环境的差异可能导致菌株定殖效率下降,需通过更大面积的田间实验来验证菌剂的稳定性;未来可结合转录组解析生物膜竞争、群体感应干扰等分子通路,探究拮抗菌株与三七根腐病菌的互作动态;建议通过长期定位试验跟踪轮作土壤菌群动态以揭示生防微生物演替规律。此外,本研究主要针对筛选获得的生防菌进行单一菌株验证。田间白及轮作调控根腐病的效果可能与其根部生防菌株多样性和多菌属协同拮抗有关,多菌属之间形成强大的交叉抑菌网络,例如芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)、不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp.)与假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)之间的互作网络等。未来可基于白及根际生防菌群多样性模拟开发例如芽孢杆菌-假单胞菌复合菌剂配制,构建交叉抑菌网络以提升防效。
白及轮作通过募集芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌属、不动杆菌属等根际拮抗细菌菌株显著降低了三七根腐病的发生。本研究证实“跨作物根际生防菌株挖掘”策略在生防资源开发中的有效性,为进一步加深白及与三七轮作缓解连作障碍提供了理论依据,为三七生物防控积累了菌种资源。后续需聚焦拮抗菌之间的协同机制及田间应用优化,推动轮作体系微生物定向挖掘和产业化推广应用。
江冰冰:论文撰写和修改,数据收集和处理;段生双:数据收集和处理,实验处理和操作;李瑞:数据核查并参与论文讨论;侯国喜:协助样品采集;朱罗娟:数据核查和数据处理;毕玲芳:实验材料准备及协助实验操作;朱书生:研究构思和实验设计;杨敏:提供技术支持,提供资源;郭存武:获取基金,研究构思和设计,论文撰写和修改。
作者声明不存在任何可能会影响本文所报告工作的已知经济利益或个人关系。
  • 云南省兴滇英才青年人才项目(YDYC-QNRC-2023-0399)
  • 云南省基础研究农业联合专项(202301BD070001-187)
  • 云南省基础研究农业联合专项(202101BD070001-003)
  • 长治市重点研发计划(2023ZDYC01)
  • 云南省重大科技专项(202102AE090042)
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2025年第65卷第11期
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doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250318
  • 接收时间:2025-04-16
  • 首发时间:2025-11-10
  • 出版时间:2025-11-04
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-16
  • 录用日期:2025-05-09
基金
Yunnan Xingdian Youth Talent Supporting Project(YDYC-QNRC-2023-0399)
云南省兴滇英才青年人才项目(YDYC-QNRC-2023-0399)
Yunnan Provincial Joint Special Project on Agricultural Basic Research(202301BD070001-187)
云南省基础研究农业联合专项(202301BD070001-187)
云南省基础研究农业联合专项(202101BD070001-003)
Changzhi Key Research and Development Program(2023ZDYC01)
长治市重点研发计划(2023ZDYC01)
Yunnan Provincial Major Science and Technology Special Project(202102AE090042)
云南省重大科技专项(202102AE090042)
作者信息
    1 云南农业大学,农业生物多样性与病虫害控制教育部重点实验室,云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,云南 昆明
    2 云南农业大学 茶学院,云南 昆明
    3 云南农业大学 植物保护学院,云南 昆明
    4 陇川县农业农村局,云南 德宏

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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